被战争摧毁的十大历史文化遗址
正文翻译
Photo credit: Alfons Schreiner
摄影：Alfons Schreiner
Photo credit: Gryffindor/Wikimedia
摄影：维基百科
Photo credit: Bernard Gagnon
图片出处：Bernard Gagnon
Photo credit: Yiyuan Homes
图片来源：Yiyuan Homes
Standing almost 80 meters (260 ft) tall, the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing must have been an amazing sight. Hung with 140 lamps, its eight sides were beautifully decorated with images of the Buddha, and its nine interior levels boasted a vast array of religious carvings and statues. It is said that on a sunny day, light would reflect off the sides of the tower and give it an ethereal glow.
几近80米（250英尺）高的南京琉璃塔必定是一座令人惊叹的奇观。悬挂140盏长明灯，八面精装佛像，传言其室内九层有海量宗教雕刻画像。据说若逢晴日，光映塔身，金碧辉煌、光芒四射。
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Photo credit: Guillaume Piolle
Aleppo’s Great Mosque is located within the city’s historic Al-Jalloum district. The largest of its kind in the area, the mosque supposedly houses the remains of Zechariah, father of John the Baptist. Because of its historical importance, the complex is recognized as being a UNESCO World Heritage site.
阿勒波的大清真寺位于市内的Al-Jalloum历史老区。作为该地区最大型的一座清真寺，这座清真寺据说内存放着希伯来先知撒迦利亚的遗骸，也就是施洗者约翰的父亲。由于这座历史遗迹的重要性，已经成为了联合国教科文组织的世界遗产地。
Pyongyang’s Yongmyong Buddhist temple was built over 1,500 years ago and was named for an ancient king, Dongmyeong of Goguryeo. According to legend, a chambermaid of the queen was struck by lightning and shortly after gave birth to Dongmyeong. The king, fearful of this supernatural event, threw the young child into a pigsty. The child survived, and the king, taking this as an act of divine intervention, changed his mind and ordered the queen to raise the boy.
平壤的yongmyong佛寺始建于1500年前，佛寺的名字是为了高句丽时期的一位皇帝高朱蒙命名的。据传说，皇后的一位侍女遭遇雷击，随后产下高朱蒙。皇帝出于对这种超自然事件的恐惧，将这个婴儿扔入猪圈。而孩子奇迹般幸存下来，皇帝认为这是神的旨意，随后改变主意并命令皇后抚育这孩子。
Designed by renowned British architect Edward Barry and completed in 1866 following four years of construction, the Royal Opera House once stood proudly on the corner of Strada Reale in the historic city of Valletta. Now covered in restaurants and boutiques, Strada Reale shows little evidence that it once played host to one of Malta’s most magnificent examples of neo-classical architecture. Only a few columns and a terrace now remain as evidence of its existence.
由著名的英国建筑学家巴里设计，经历四年建设，1866年完工的皇家大剧院曾一度骄傲地矗立在历史名城瓦莱塔的strada街角。现在strada reale街上遍布着餐馆和服装店，几乎看不出马耳他最华丽的新古典主义建筑典范的一点痕迹。只有留下的少数廊柱和一段楼梯还显示着当年的古迹。
War, by its very nature, is a destructive force. And the magnificence of an ancient building, one whose history was forged over centuries, can vanish with the push of a button or the squeeze of a trigger. This list highlights 10 historically and culturally significant sites lost to the ravages of war, some as recently as 2013.
战争从本质来说是一种破坏力。而古代建筑的华丽往往是历经数个世纪历史打造出来，却只需按下按钮或触动扳机间便灰飞烟灭。本文列出10个毁于战争的重要历史和文化建筑，有的甚至2013年刚刚发生。
战争从本质来说是一种破坏力。而古代建筑的华丽往往是历经数个世纪历史打造出来，却只需按下按钮或触动扳机间便灰飞烟灭。本文列出10个毁于战争的重要历史和文化建筑，有的甚至2013年刚刚发生。
10、Ferhat Pasha Mosque
Bosnia
10、福利特帕夏清真寺
波斯尼亚
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Bosnia
10、福利特帕夏清真寺
波斯尼亚
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Photo credit: Alfons Schreiner
摄影：Alfons Schreiner
During the Bosnian War of the ’90s, Banja Luka, Bosnia’s second-largest city, saw heavy fighting. One of the most remarkable structures in the city was the Ferhat Pasha Mosque, an exceptional example of 16th-century Islamic and Ottoman architecture.
在90年代波斯尼亚战争中，波斯尼亚第二大城市卢克成为重要战场。该市最有纪念意义的建筑之一福利特帕夏清真寺是16世纪伊斯兰和奥斯曼建筑的优秀范例。
在90年代波斯尼亚战争中，波斯尼亚第二大城市卢克成为重要战场。该市最有纪念意义的建筑之一福利特帕夏清真寺是16世纪伊斯兰和奥斯曼建筑的优秀范例。
In the early hours of May 7, 1993, Serbian forces of the Republika Srpska rigged the Ferhat Mosque and surrounding structures with large quantities of explosives. The mosque was razed to the ground, and the debris was carted away and used for land fill. Following the war, former Serb leader Radoslav Brdjanin was convicted for his part in the demolition of the complex, along with larger war crimes. He was sentenced to 32 years in prison.
1993年5月7日清晨，塞尔维亚军队控制的清真寺，并在周围布置了大量炸药。清真寺被夷为平地，残骸被运走掩埋。战后，前塞尔维亚领导人Brdjanin因破坏该建筑及其他更严重的战争罪行受到审判，被判处32年有期徒刑。
1993年5月7日清晨，塞尔维亚军队控制的清真寺，并在周围布置了大量炸药。清真寺被夷为平地，残骸被运走掩埋。战后，前塞尔维亚领导人Brdjanin因破坏该建筑及其他更严重的战争罪行受到审判，被判处32年有期徒刑。
In more recent years, extensive reconstruction work has been carried out on the surviving foundations. Both the Ferhat Pasha Mosque and its independent minaret are now well into the stages of restoration.
近年来，在遗址上开展了大量重建工作。清真寺及其独立的光塔目前正处在恢复重建阶段。
近年来，在遗址上开展了大量重建工作。清真寺及其独立的光塔目前正处在恢复重建阶段。
9、Christ Church Greyfriars
England
9、格瑞弗莱斯天主教堂
英格兰
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England
9、格瑞弗莱斯天主教堂
英格兰
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Photo credit: Gryffindor/Wikimedia
摄影：维基百科
Sir Christopher Wren built Christ Church Greyfriars in London to replace a medi church lost during the Great Fire of 1666. His design was simple. The church’s exterior was decorated with traditional neoclassical gables, while the interior boasted marble floors. Beautifully decorated Corinthian columns separated the nave from the aisles. Large, arched windows filled with clear glass allowed the church to be brightly lit, giving the interior a warm and welcoming glow.
为了取代1666年被大火烧毁的中世纪教堂，wren爵士在伦敦主持修建了格瑞弗莱斯教堂。他的设计很简单。教堂外墙由经典的新古典主义山墙构成，内部铺设大理石地砖。完美装饰的柯林斯式立柱将正厅与廊道分开。拱形窗装着明净的玻璃显得教堂宽敞明亮，令室内暖意洋洋。
为了取代1666年被大火烧毁的中世纪教堂，wren爵士在伦敦主持修建了格瑞弗莱斯教堂。他的设计很简单。教堂外墙由经典的新古典主义山墙构成，内部铺设大理石地砖。完美装饰的柯林斯式立柱将正厅与廊道分开。拱形窗装着明净的玻璃显得教堂宽敞明亮，令室内暖意洋洋。
During World War II, London became a major target for German bombing. The Blitz decimated large areas of the city, and the bombing’s indiscriminate nature destroyed many sites of no strategic value as targets—including Christ Church Greyfriars. On December 29, 1940, a firebomb hit the top of the church, tearing through the building and igniting the interior. The resulting inferno caused the vaulted roof to collapse, destroying the building and its contents.
二战中，伦敦成为德国轰炸的主要目标。轰炸机摧毁了城内的大部分地区，无差别轰炸自然会破坏很多不具战略价值的目标，其中包括格瑞弗莱斯教堂。1940年12月29日，一枚炸弹击中了教堂顶部，穿过屋顶引燃了内部装饰。灾难性后果导致教堂拱顶坍塌，摧毁了整座建筑及其内部设施。
二战中，伦敦成为德国轰炸的主要目标。轰炸机摧毁了城内的大部分地区，无差别轰炸自然会破坏很多不具战略价值的目标，其中包括格瑞弗莱斯教堂。1940年12月29日，一枚炸弹击中了教堂顶部，穿过屋顶引燃了内部装饰。灾难性后果导致教堂拱顶坍塌，摧毁了整座建筑及其内部设施。
The only item to be saved was an ornately carved wooden cover for the baptismal font. It can now be seen in the foyer of the nearby St. Sepulchre’s Parish Church.
唯一幸存的是一个雕刻精美的木质洗礼池盖。现在该文物仍保存在附近的圣舍帕克罗教堂的前厅里。
唯一幸存的是一个雕刻精美的木质洗礼池盖。现在该文物仍保存在附近的圣舍帕克罗教堂的前厅里。
8、Apamea
Syria
阿帕美古城
叙利亚
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Syria
阿帕美古城
叙利亚
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Photo credit: Bernard Gagnon
图片出处：Bernard Gagnon
Apamea, the ancient “Treasure City,” sits on the bank of Syria’s Orontes River. It was once home to the kings of the Seleucid Empire, and it later housed the Romans, growing to a population of 500,000.
阿帕美古城，古代“珍宝之城”，坐落在叙利亚奥龙特斯河岸边。它曾经是塞琉古帝国皇帝居住的地方，后来被罗马人占领，发展成有五十万人的城市。
阿帕美古城，古代“珍宝之城”，坐落在叙利亚奥龙特斯河岸边。它曾经是塞琉古帝国皇帝居住的地方，后来被罗马人占领，发展成有五十万人的城市。
More than a millennium later, it rose again, now as a base during the Crusades. Its magnificent paved streets, beautiful mosaics, and bright white columns carved with intricate designs were a sight to behold. Its long history made it one of the Middle East’s most important archaeological sites.
一千多年后，阿帕美城再度兴起，现有古城遗迹为十字军东征时期留下的。古城宏伟齐整的街道，漂亮的镶嵌画和雕刻精美的白色圆柱令人赏心悦目。其悠久的历史使其成为中东最重要的考古遗址之一。
一千多年后，阿帕美城再度兴起，现有古城遗迹为十字军东征时期留下的。古城宏伟齐整的街道，漂亮的镶嵌画和雕刻精美的白色圆柱令人赏心悦目。其悠久的历史使其成为中东最重要的考古遗址之一。
During the current conflict in Syria, Apamea has been damaged to such an extent that many historians believe it can never be restored. Not only has Apamea been devastated by bombing, there have also been those who have taken advantage of the chaos by ransacking the ancient city, looting its treasures. The site now lies ravaged, its columns broken and its mosaics smashed.
在当前的叙利亚冲突中阿帕美城受到损坏，很多历史学家认为它将永远不能恢复。阿帕美城不仅遭到轰炸，也有一些人利用混乱洗劫这座古城，掠夺财富。古城现在被毁坏，它的白色圆柱和镶嵌画都被破坏了。
在当前的叙利亚冲突中阿帕美城受到损坏，很多历史学家认为它将永远不能恢复。阿帕美城不仅遭到轰炸，也有一些人利用混乱洗劫这座古城，掠夺财富。古城现在被毁坏，它的白色圆柱和镶嵌画都被破坏了。
7、The Old Summer Palace
China
圆明园
中国
China
圆明园
中国
Photo credit: Yiyuan Homes
图片来源：Yiyuan Homes
The Old Summer Palace, also known as Yuan Ming Yuan, was a complex of gardens and buildings in Beijing constructed in the 18th century. The palace itself served as a base of operations for Qing Dynasty emperors to live and handle government affairs, while its grounds were filled with examples of beautiful architecture, which included magnificent temples, pavilions, and bridges adorned with ornate Chinese designs. The surrounding gardens were equally impressive, with lush green lawns and exotic flowers growing around serene ponds and rivers.
古夏宫，也就是圆明园，是18世纪在北京建造的一系列花园和建筑综合体。宫殿的基本运作是为清朝的皇帝们居住和处理政事而服务。园中满是美丽的建筑，其中包括宏伟的庙宇楼阁和装饰着华丽中国元素的桥梁。周围的花园也同样令人印象深刻，郁郁葱葱的绿色草坪和充满异域风情的花朵，生长在宁静的池塘和河流上
古夏宫，也就是圆明园，是18世纪在北京建造的一系列花园和建筑综合体。宫殿的基本运作是为清朝的皇帝们居住和处理政事而服务。园中满是美丽的建筑，其中包括宏伟的庙宇楼阁和装饰着华丽中国元素的桥梁。周围的花园也同样令人印象深刻，郁郁葱葱的绿色草坪和充满异域风情的花朵，生长在宁静的池塘和河流上
In 1860, at the climax of the First Opium War, a French and British expeditionary force occupied Beijing and discovered the palace. Although the Emperor had fled, most of the palace’s contents had been left behind. Meeting little resistance, the troops looted the complex of its riches. The British High Commissioner to China, Lord Elgin, then ordered the destruction of the palace in retaliation for the torture of British and Indian troops.
1860年，在第一次鸦片战争的高潮时，一支英法远征军占据了北京并发现了宫殿。尽管皇帝已经逃离，宫殿的大部分宝物却被留下。没怎么遇到抵抗，英法联军把圆明园洗劫一空。然后英国驻中国高级专员埃尔金勋爵，出于对清朝施于英国和印度军队酷刑的报复，下令烧毁宫殿。
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1860年，在第一次鸦片战争的高潮时，一支英法远征军占据了北京并发现了宫殿。尽管皇帝已经逃离，宫殿的大部分宝物却被留下。没怎么遇到抵抗，英法联军把圆明园洗劫一空。然后英国驻中国高级专员埃尔金勋爵，出于对清朝施于英国和印度军队酷刑的报复，下令烧毁宫殿。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Although its magnificent buildings are now lost forever, the site of The Old Summer Palace still attracts thousands of visitors each year.
尽管美轮美奂的建筑永远不再了，圆明园的遗址依然每年吸引来成千上万的游人。
尽管美轮美奂的建筑永远不再了，圆明园的遗址依然每年吸引来成千上万的游人。
6、Ancient Shrines And Mausoleums
Mali
古老的神殿和陵墓
马里
Mali
古老的神殿和陵墓
马里
Timbuktu, known as the “City of 333 Saints” for its religious history, is located in Mali, on the edge of the Sahara desert. Founded in the 12th century by nomads, the town soon became a major trading hub for the caravans that braved the treacherous Saharan dunes.
延巴克图，因为其宗教历史而以“333个圣人的城市”闻名，坐落在马里共和国，位于撒哈拉沙漠的边缘。于12世纪被游牧民族建立，这座城市很快就成为一个冒着穿越撒哈拉沙漠危险沙丘的商队的主要贸易中心。
延巴克图，因为其宗教历史而以“333个圣人的城市”闻名，坐落在马里共和国，位于撒哈拉沙漠的边缘。于12世纪被游牧民族建立，这座城市很快就成为一个冒着穿越撒哈拉沙漠危险沙丘的商队的主要贸易中心。
The city is steeped in history and features several remarkable and historical structures unique to the area. Ancient stone mausoleums housing the remains of Muslim holy men are scattered throughout the town, along with shrines dedicated to the memory of revered saints and religious figures, some dating back centuries.
这座城市历史深厚，有着一些该地区独有的壮观的历史建筑结构。存储着穆斯林神职人员遗体的古老石筑陵墓普遍散落在这座城市里，还有一些用于纪念圣人和宗教人物的圣殿，其中的一些建筑可追溯到几个世纪前。
这座城市历史深厚，有着一些该地区独有的壮观的历史建筑结构。存储着穆斯林神职人员遗体的古老石筑陵墓普遍散落在这座城市里，还有一些用于纪念圣人和宗教人物的圣殿，其中的一些建筑可追溯到几个世纪前。
Recently, Timbuktu has become a target for extremist Islamist factions bent on spreading their fanatical ideology. In 2012, members of a group with lixs to Al-Qaeda began destroying the famed ancient sites. More than half of the town’s centuries-old shrines and mausoleums were torn down and reduced to rubble, including that of revered Muslim scholar Sidi Mahmoud. The desecration of these sites has been met with international outrage. Calls for an end to their destruction have fallen on deaf ears, and they remain at great risk.
近来，廷巴克图成为极端伊斯兰团体宣传极端思想的受害者。在2012年，一个与基地组织有联系的组织成员开始破坏那些著名的古代遗址。这个城镇有超过一半的古老神庙和陵墓都被推倒并夷为平地，包括受人尊敬的穆斯林学者西迪 穆罕默德的陵墓。这些亵渎神圣的行为引起了国际愤怒。呼吁结束他们行为的呼声被置若罔闻，这些建筑仍面临着极大的危险。
近来，廷巴克图成为极端伊斯兰团体宣传极端思想的受害者。在2012年，一个与基地组织有联系的组织成员开始破坏那些著名的古代遗址。这个城镇有超过一半的古老神庙和陵墓都被推倒并夷为平地，包括受人尊敬的穆斯林学者西迪 穆罕默德的陵墓。这些亵渎神圣的行为引起了国际愤怒。呼吁结束他们行为的呼声被置若罔闻，这些建筑仍面临着极大的危险。
5、The Porcelain Tower Of Nanjing
China
南京琉璃塔（译者注：即大报恩寺）
中国
China
南京琉璃塔（译者注：即大报恩寺）
中国
Standing almost 80 meters (260 ft) tall, the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing must have been an amazing sight. Hung with 140 lamps, its eight sides were beautifully decorated with images of the Buddha, and its nine interior levels boasted a vast array of religious carvings and statues. It is said that on a sunny day, light would reflect off the sides of the tower and give it an ethereal glow.
几近80米（250英尺）高的南京琉璃塔必定是一座令人惊叹的奇观。悬挂140盏长明灯，八面精装佛像，传言其室内九层有海量宗教雕刻画像。据说若逢晴日，光映塔身，金碧辉煌、光芒四射。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In 1801, lightning struck the tower, causing three sections to collapse. However, it would be almost 50 years before the Porcelain Tower met its ultimate fate.
1801年，闪电击中塔身，造成三节塔身崩坏。而这差不多是琉璃塔遭遇其最终命运的50年前。
1801年，闪电击中塔身，造成三节塔身崩坏。而这差不多是琉璃塔遭遇其最终命运的50年前。
In 1850, civil war broke out in southern China, and the conflict soon spread to Nanjing. Concerned that the enemy could use it as a lookout point, rebel forces occupying the surrounding area decided to demolish the tower. Its crumbling remains were left where they fell, the porcelain bricks that once shone so magnificently reduced to a depressing pile of scorched rubble.
1850年，内战(译者注：太平天国运动)在中国南方爆发，并迅速蔓延到南京。考虑到会作为瞭望塔为敌所用，叛军在占领周边地区时决定拆除它。残迹就在它倒下的地方，曾经光芒四射的琉璃砖化成令人沮丧的瓦砾堆。
1850年，内战(译者注：太平天国运动)在中国南方爆发，并迅速蔓延到南京。考虑到会作为瞭望塔为敌所用，叛军在占领周边地区时决定拆除它。残迹就在它倒下的地方，曾经光芒四射的琉璃砖化成令人沮丧的瓦砾堆。
The remains of the tower were later repurposed for use in the construction of other buildings, although some sections were saved and are now on display in the Nanjing Museum. On a positive note, in 2010, a Chinese businessman donated a staggering one billion Yuan to the Nanjing government to fund the reconstruction of the tower. Although the original is now lost forever, it is hoped that the new building will capture some of the majesty of the Porcelain Tower.
塔身存留部分后来被用以修造其他建筑，不过还是有一部分得以保存，如今展览于南京博物馆。值得欣慰的是，在2010年，一名中国商人大手笔的捐出10亿元给南京政府作为重建宝塔的基金。原塔已永久湮灭，希望新塔或多或少能捕捉到琉璃塔的韵味。
塔身存留部分后来被用以修造其他建筑，不过还是有一部分得以保存，如今展览于南京博物馆。值得欣慰的是，在2010年，一名中国商人大手笔的捐出10亿元给南京政府作为重建宝塔的基金。原塔已永久湮灭，希望新塔或多或少能捕捉到琉璃塔的韵味。
4、The Great Mosque Of Aleppo
Syria
阿勒波大清真寺，
叙利亚
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Syria
阿勒波大清真寺，
叙利亚
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Photo credit: Guillaume Piolle
Aleppo’s Great Mosque is located within the city’s historic Al-Jalloum district. The largest of its kind in the area, the mosque supposedly houses the remains of Zechariah, father of John the Baptist. Because of its historical importance, the complex is recognized as being a UNESCO World Heritage site.
阿勒波的大清真寺位于市内的Al-Jalloum历史老区。作为该地区最大型的一座清真寺，这座清真寺据说内存放着希伯来先知撒迦利亚的遗骸，也就是施洗者约翰的父亲。由于这座历史遗迹的重要性，已经成为了联合国教科文组织的世界遗产地。
After enduring earthquakes and numerous conflicts, the mosque eventually met its end in April 2013. The building had been occupied by rebel forces for several months, and it became the focal point of brutal gun battles. Following an intense clash between Syrian rebels and government forces, heavy gunfire reduced much of the site to rubble, including the 11th-century minaret that towered over the mosque.
在经历了地震和不断的冲突后，这座清真寺终于在2013年4月被毁灭。这座建筑被叛军占领了几个月，成为了枪战的焦点。在叙利亚叛军和政府军一次激烈的交火之后，这座建筑基本被夷为平地，包括耸立在清真寺上的一座11世纪的尖塔。
在经历了地震和不断的冲突后，这座清真寺终于在2013年4月被毁灭。这座建筑被叛军占领了几个月，成为了枪战的焦点。在叙利亚叛军和政府军一次激烈的交火之后，这座建筑基本被夷为平地，包括耸立在清真寺上的一座11世纪的尖塔。
Historians have described the mosque as a “living sanctuary” and are horrified by the destruction of a place so historically significant. Although the possibility of reconstruction does exist, as with Apamea, the ongoing situation within Syria prevents any restoration from now taking place.
历史学家称这座清真寺为“活着的圣殿”，在这么重要的历史遗迹被摧毁后，历史学家们痛心疾首。像阿帕美古城一样，尽管存在着重建的可能性，但是叙利亚国内目前的局势使得这样的重建不可能发生
历史学家称这座清真寺为“活着的圣殿”，在这么重要的历史遗迹被摧毁后，历史学家们痛心疾首。像阿帕美古城一样，尽管存在着重建的可能性，但是叙利亚国内目前的局势使得这样的重建不可能发生
3、Yongmyong Temple
North Korea
永明寺，
朝鲜
North Korea
永明寺，
朝鲜
Pyongyang’s Yongmyong Buddhist temple was built over 1,500 years ago and was named for an ancient king, Dongmyeong of Goguryeo. According to legend, a chambermaid of the queen was struck by lightning and shortly after gave birth to Dongmyeong. The king, fearful of this supernatural event, threw the young child into a pigsty. The child survived, and the king, taking this as an act of divine intervention, changed his mind and ordered the queen to raise the boy.
平壤的yongmyong佛寺始建于1500年前，佛寺的名字是为了高句丽时期的一位皇帝高朱蒙命名的。据传说，皇后的一位侍女遭遇雷击，随后产下高朱蒙。皇帝出于对这种超自然事件的恐惧，将这个婴儿扔入猪圈。而孩子奇迹般幸存下来，皇帝认为这是神的旨意，随后改变主意并命令皇后抚育这孩子。
Famed for its beautiful scenery and gardens filled with cherry trees, the temple was a popular tourist attraction in its day. It underwent several alterations throughout its life, including extensive restoration work carried out in 1920.
这座寺庙以景色优美而著称，花园里种满樱桃树，当时一直是人们热衷的旅游景点。寺庙经历了数次改建，包括1920年的大规模重建。
这座寺庙以景色优美而著称，花园里种满樱桃树，当时一直是人们热衷的旅游景点。寺庙经历了数次改建，包括1920年的大规模重建。
The US destroyed the Yongmyong Temple in a carpet bombing attack during the Korean War. One area of the temple, the Pubyok pavilion, was rebuilt shortly after the war and is now registered as a national treasure of North Korea.
在朝鲜战争期间，美国地毯式轰炸摧毁了yongmyong寺。战争结束后不久，寺庙里的pubyok亭得到了重建，目前是朝鲜的国家文物古迹。
在朝鲜战争期间，美国地毯式轰炸摧毁了yongmyong寺。战争结束后不久，寺庙里的pubyok亭得到了重建，目前是朝鲜的国家文物古迹。
2、National Library And Archive
Iraq
2、国家图书馆和档案馆
伊拉克
Iraq
2、国家图书馆和档案馆
伊拉克
Housed within Baghdad’s National Library was an immense collection of 12 million books, manuscxts, and carved stone tablets detailing the nation’s long history.
巴格达的国家图书馆12000000册，收藏了大量的手稿，并刻石碑，详细介绍了民族的悠久历史。
巴格达的国家图书馆12000000册，收藏了大量的手稿，并刻石碑，详细介绍了民族的悠久历史。
In 2003, the Library and Archive came under attack by Saddam Hussein’s loyalists, who were intent on destroying records of the Ba’athist regime. They deployed petrol bombs and other incendiary devices throughout the building. The fire consumed much of the library’s collection, and then looters had their way with what remained.
2003年，为了破坏复兴党政权的记录。萨达姆侯赛因的支持者在图书馆和档案馆内部署汽油炸弹和其他燃烧物。大火吞噬了大部分的图书馆的馆藏，然后抢劫了他们剩下的东西。
2003年，为了破坏复兴党政权的记录。萨达姆侯赛因的支持者在图书馆和档案馆内部署汽油炸弹和其他燃烧物。大火吞噬了大部分的图书馆的馆藏，然后抢劫了他们剩下的东西。
The destruction of these documents is not just a great historical loss, but a huge loss to Iraq’s cultural heritage. And although an effort to compile and restore the remaining documents is currently ongoing, those lost during the fire remain irreplaceable.
这些文件的破坏不仅是史学上的巨大损失，而且是伊拉克文化遗产的巨大损失。虽然正在编译和恢复剩余的文件，那些在火灾中失去了的却是不可替代的。
这些文件的破坏不仅是史学上的巨大损失，而且是伊拉克文化遗产的巨大损失。虽然正在编译和恢复剩余的文件，那些在火灾中失去了的却是不可替代的。
1、 Royal Opera House
Malta
皇家大剧院。
马耳他
Malta
皇家大剧院。
马耳他
Designed by renowned British architect Edward Barry and completed in 1866 following four years of construction, the Royal Opera House once stood proudly on the corner of Strada Reale in the historic city of Valletta. Now covered in restaurants and boutiques, Strada Reale shows little evidence that it once played host to one of Malta’s most magnificent examples of neo-classical architecture. Only a few columns and a terrace now remain as evidence of its existence.
由著名的英国建筑学家巴里设计，经历四年建设，1866年完工的皇家大剧院曾一度骄傲地矗立在历史名城瓦莱塔的strada街角。现在strada reale街上遍布着餐馆和服装店，几乎看不出马耳他最华丽的新古典主义建筑典范的一点痕迹。只有留下的少数廊柱和一段楼梯还显示着当年的古迹。
The Royal Opera House had quite a turbulent history. On May 25, 1873, a fire broke out inside the building and destroyed much of its extravagantly designed interior. Reconstruction work was carried out almost immediately, and the theatre reopened its doors four years later to Giuseppe Verdi’s Aida. But in the following century, the Royal Opera House became an unsuspecting victim of the German Luftwaffe. A single air raid on April 7, 1942 left the magnificent building in ruins.
皇家大剧院经历了一段混乱的历史。1873年5月25日，一场大火破坏了内部大部分豪华装饰。重建工作立刻展开，四年后，这家剧院就重新开始迎来威尔第的《阿依达》。但在随后的一个世纪，皇家大剧院成为德国空军的牺牲品。1942年4月7日的一次轰炸导致这个优秀建筑毁于一旦。
皇家大剧院经历了一段混乱的历史。1873年5月25日，一场大火破坏了内部大部分豪华装饰。重建工作立刻展开，四年后，这家剧院就重新开始迎来威尔第的《阿依达》。但在随后的一个世纪，皇家大剧院成为德国空军的牺牲品。1942年4月7日的一次轰炸导致这个优秀建筑毁于一旦。
评论翻译
Nathaniel A. · 3 months ago
Being bombed or burned is bad, but being looted is even worse.
固然遭受轰炸或焚烧可惜，但遭到劫掠更糟糕。
lbatfish · 3 months ago
For those who don't want to bother finding out what the one billion yuan donated to reconstruct the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing (#5) amounts to in your own currencies, here you go:
— 98 million British pounds
— 117 million euros
— 163 million U.S. dollars
— 180 million Canadian dollars
— 180 million Australian dollars
— 190 million New Zealand dollars
— 7.3 billion Philippines pesos
— 1.9 trillion Indonesian rupiah
对于那些懒得知道重建南京报恩寺琉璃塔的那10亿元捐款折合成自己国家货币是多少的人来说，下面可供参考：
9800万英镑
11700万欧元
16300万美元
18000万加元
18000万澳元
19000万新西兰元
73亿菲律宾比索
1.9万亿印尼盾
For those who don't want to bother finding out what the one billion yuan donated to reconstruct the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing (#5) amounts to in your own currencies, here you go:
— 98 million British pounds
— 117 million euros
— 163 million U.S. dollars
— 180 million Canadian dollars
— 180 million Australian dollars
— 190 million New Zealand dollars
— 7.3 billion Philippines pesos
— 1.9 trillion Indonesian rupiah
对于那些懒得知道重建南京报恩寺琉璃塔的那10亿元捐款折合成自己国家货币是多少的人来说，下面可供参考：
9800万英镑
11700万欧元
16300万美元
18000万加元
18000万澳元
19000万新西兰元
73亿菲律宾比索
1.9万亿印尼盾
Nathaniel A. lbatfish · 3 months ago
（回楼上）
（回楼上）
This is unnecessary, all I needed to know was that 1 billion yuan was a buttload of money.
这没有必要，反正我知道这在当时是一大笔钱。
这没有必要，反正我知道这在当时是一大笔钱。
lbatfish Nathaniel A. · 3 months ago
Well, a billion pounds or Euros would be a much bigger buttload than a billion rupiah (which is only $88,000). And before I actually did the conversion (by googling "1,000,000,000 yuan in [other currency]"), I had no clue which end of the spectrum the yuan was closer to.
My other (teacherly) reason for posting it was to let people see how their own currency compared to the currency of other countries. :-)
10亿英镑或欧元可比10亿印尼盾（相当于88000美元）多很多。之前我通过谷歌做了一下转换，换算成其他国家的货币，输入1000000000。我不知道人民币更靠近哪一边。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Well, a billion pounds or Euros would be a much bigger buttload than a billion rupiah (which is only $88,000). And before I actually did the conversion (by googling "1,000,000,000 yuan in [other currency]"), I had no clue which end of the spectrum the yuan was closer to.
My other (teacherly) reason for posting it was to let people see how their own currency compared to the currency of other countries. :-)
10亿英镑或欧元可比10亿印尼盾（相当于88000美元）多很多。之前我通过谷歌做了一下转换，换算成其他国家的货币，输入1000000000。我不知道人民币更靠近哪一边。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Britannius · 3 months ago
What about the library at Alexandria? Quite possibly one if the greatest losses to mankind due to our need for a fight.
怎么没有亚历山大港图书馆？因为一场战争，这座图书馆可能是我们人类最大的损失之一。
What about the library at Alexandria? Quite possibly one if the greatest losses to mankind due to our need for a fight.
怎么没有亚历山大港图书馆？因为一场战争，这座图书馆可能是我们人类最大的损失之一。
Nathaniel A. Britannius · 3 months ago
（回ls）
（回ls）
It was a very great loss, and I know it was was featured on a semi-recent list.
确实是一个巨大的损失，我只是刚刚从最近的列表中了解这些。
确实是一个巨大的损失，我只是刚刚从最近的列表中了解这些。
Paul Levinson Britannius · 2 months ago
Some historians - including me - consider it the worst intellectual loss in human history. I wrote a novel about it ：
http://www.themortonreport.com/books/inteview-with-paul-levinson-author-of-unburning-alexandria/
有些历史学家包括我在内，认为下面是人类历史上最大的知识损失。我据此写了一篇小说，如上：
Some historians - including me - consider it the worst intellectual loss in human history. I wrote a novel about it ：
http://www.themortonreport.com/books/inteview-with-paul-levinson-author-of-unburning-alexandria/
有些历史学家包括我在内，认为下面是人类历史上最大的知识损失。我据此写了一篇小说，如上：
hermistan · 3 months ago
one of the most important historical and cultural sites destroyed to the Second World War was Intramuros in Manila. Intramuros, which literally means "within the walls," was an excellent example of a fortified city. it was built by the Spanish throughout the 16th and 17th centuries and contained some of the most magnificent examples of "arquitectura mestiza" unique to the Philippines. this style was the result of European construction methods adapted to Philippine climate, materials, and culture. there were 7 great churches within the city, along with a number of chapels, schools and universities, monasteries, mansions, and palaces. the whole area was practically destroyed, leaving only one church intact. Intramuros was the economic, political, and religious center of the country and everything was lost in just the month it took the Americans to recapture the city from the Japanese during the Battle for Manila in February, 1945. the city has been rebuilding since, but its old splendor can never be recreated. sadly, the fortified city that served as the gem of the Philippines' capital is lost forever. :(
二战中遭受破坏的最重要的历史和文化遗产是马尼拉的王城区（Intramuros）。其含义是“墙中之城”，是城市堡垒的优秀典范。Intramuros是西班牙人在16至17世纪修建，包含有菲律宾独一无二的最壮观的“混合式建筑”典范。这种建筑模式是欧洲建筑方法与菲律宾气候、材料和文化融合的结果。城中有7座大教堂，以及很多小教堂、学校、大学、修道院、大厦和宫殿。整个地区完全被破坏，只有一个教堂幸免于难。Intramuros作为国家的经济、政治和宗教中心，在1945年2月美军从日本人手中重夺马尼拉战斗的短短一个月间瓦砾无存。虽然城市重建，但古老的辉煌不再。悲哀啊，曾经作为菲律宾首都瑰宝的城市堡垒永远消失了。
one of the most important historical and cultural sites destroyed to the Second World War was Intramuros in Manila. Intramuros, which literally means "within the walls," was an excellent example of a fortified city. it was built by the Spanish throughout the 16th and 17th centuries and contained some of the most magnificent examples of "arquitectura mestiza" unique to the Philippines. this style was the result of European construction methods adapted to Philippine climate, materials, and culture. there were 7 great churches within the city, along with a number of chapels, schools and universities, monasteries, mansions, and palaces. the whole area was practically destroyed, leaving only one church intact. Intramuros was the economic, political, and religious center of the country and everything was lost in just the month it took the Americans to recapture the city from the Japanese during the Battle for Manila in February, 1945. the city has been rebuilding since, but its old splendor can never be recreated. sadly, the fortified city that served as the gem of the Philippines' capital is lost forever. :(
二战中遭受破坏的最重要的历史和文化遗产是马尼拉的王城区（Intramuros）。其含义是“墙中之城”，是城市堡垒的优秀典范。Intramuros是西班牙人在16至17世纪修建，包含有菲律宾独一无二的最壮观的“混合式建筑”典范。这种建筑模式是欧洲建筑方法与菲律宾气候、材料和文化融合的结果。城中有7座大教堂，以及很多小教堂、学校、大学、修道院、大厦和宫殿。整个地区完全被破坏，只有一个教堂幸免于难。Intramuros作为国家的经济、政治和宗教中心，在1945年2月美军从日本人手中重夺马尼拉战斗的短短一个月间瓦砾无存。虽然城市重建，但古老的辉煌不再。悲哀啊，曾经作为菲律宾首都瑰宝的城市堡垒永远消失了。
Nathaniel A. · 3 months ago
Being bombed or burned is bad, but being looted is even worse.
固然遭受轰炸或焚烧可惜，但遭到劫掠更糟糕。
guest Nathaniel A. · 3 months ago
（回楼上）
（回楼上）
Disagree. Looted at least holds out the hope for recovery of some items. Bombed and burned, not so much.
不同意。劫掠至少还有希望恢复一些东西，但轰炸和烧毁则一无所有。
不同意。劫掠至少还有希望恢复一些东西，但轰炸和烧毁则一无所有。
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