QA:伊朗人更喜欢称自己的国家为波斯还是伊朗?为什么?
2021-06-22 青丘国的守护者 22898
正文翻译
译者加注:波斯之于伊朗,好比中原之于中国,古波斯主要源头所在的省份位于伊朗南部,现代中文翻译为法尔斯省(Fars Province),是根据波斯语音译的,主要居民是波斯民族,语言是波斯语(farsi),法尔斯省是阿契美尼德王朝(波斯帝国)和萨珊波斯王朝的首都和核心所在地,源头。


评论翻译
译者加注:波斯之于伊朗,好比中原之于中国,古波斯主要源头所在的省份位于伊朗南部,现代中文翻译为法尔斯省(Fars Province),是根据波斯语音译的,主要居民是波斯民族,语言是波斯语(farsi),法尔斯省是阿契美尼德王朝(波斯帝国)和萨珊波斯王朝的首都和核心所在地,源头。
Mina Parsaei, knows Persian 了解波斯。

Iranians have always refered to their native country as IRĀN since ancient times.
However:
"In Persia first arises that light which shines itself and illuminates what is around. The principle of development begins with the history of Persia; this constitutes, therefore, the beginning of history." - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

伊朗人自古以来总是将自己的祖国称为伊朗。然而:“波斯首先发光,并照亮了自己和周围的一切。伊朗的源头始于波斯的历史;因此,波斯就是其历史的开端。)

Persia is synoymous to Iran.
It has historically always meant the same thing and is the designation by which Iranians got internationally known for.
You probably have heard of Persian carpets, Persian miniature art, Persian cats or the Persian language.

波斯与伊朗关系密切,在历史上它们就是同一个事物,只是伊朗人在国际上一直以波斯闻名。你可能听说过波斯地毯,波斯绘画艺术,波斯猫和波斯语言。


However, actual Persia is the Pārs Province of Iran, one of the main birthplaces of Iran’s ancient civilization.

然而真正的波斯是法尔斯省,她是伊朗古代文明的发源地之一。 (译注:可能作者为了让外国人与波斯产生联想以便于理解,所以就用了 Pārs Province 这个单词,波斯省的意思,实际上这个地区现在叫法尔斯省(Fars Province),中文也是按照伊朗的音音译为法尔斯省, Pars 和Fars 分别是西方人对波斯的叫法和伊朗自己的叫法。我想最初是传到希腊的时候,口音各种跑偏了,于是就成了波斯(Pars )。)


Irān itself means Land of the Aryans in Persian and Zend (Avestan, ancient Iranic language).

伊朗一词本身在波斯语,中古波斯语,阿维斯陀语,古伊朗语中表示雅利安人的土地。
(译注:雅利安在伊朗人的心中就像华夏至于中国人。)
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Iranic ethnicities of Iran
Iran consists of 95% Iranic ethnicities, all native to the country of Iran and the Iranian Plateau.

伊朗民族:伊朗%95的民族都是伊朗本土和其高原的土著民族。


Iranic Persians are the majority Iranic ethnicity with 61% of the total Iranian population, followed by other Iranic ethnicities such as Mazandaranis, Azaris, etc.Another native Iranic ethnicity of Iran are Azari Iranians. Genetically closest to Iranic Persians, they are the native inhabitants of the historical Atropatene region (Land of Fire) of Iran.

伊朗波斯人是伊朗主体民族,占伊朗总人口的61%,其次是其他伊朗民族,如马赞德兰人等,伊朗另一大土著民族伊朗阿塞拜疆人,在遗传上最接近伊朗波斯人,他们是伊朗历史上的阿特罗帕特尼地区(拜火教地区)的土著居民。
(译注:根据伊朗的阿塞拜疆语言学,历史学家艾哈迈德·卡斯拉维( Ahmad Kasravi ) 的研究,他根据伊朗,突厥语,阿拉伯语,希腊语历史资料得出在塞尔柱突厥人征服伊朗北部之前,阿塞拜疆就已经是伊朗土著,打破了土耳其说他们是突厥人的说法。阿塞拜疆人大多位于伊朗北部,据说阿塞拜疆之族称就是来自阿特罗帕特尼王国的国名,好比我国汉人之于汉朝。)

Non-Iranic ethnicities in Iran
Around 5% of the Iranian population is non-Iranic genetically.
Armenians, Georgians and Assyrians make up 1%, Turkmens around 2% and Arabs are a minority of only 2%.

伊朗的非伊朗种族:
大约5%的伊朗人口在基因上不是伊朗土著。
这里面亚美尼亚人、格鲁吉亚人和亚述人占1%,土库曼人约占2%,阿拉伯人仅占2%。
(译注:亚美尼亚人是伊朗唯一的基督教信徒,信仰东正教,不受伊斯兰教法管制,可以吃猪肉。)

————————————
Garshasp Farrokhpour, lives in Iran
Persia.
A lot of people point out to the fact that in the Persian language we say Iran and we have never called our country Persia. Totally correct, but so do Germans, Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, Koreans,…
I often hear foreigners say. “Persia was an ancient country, it does not exist anymore!” and go on comparing it to Assyria, Babylon, Sumer,… as if Persia ceased to exist thousands of years ago.
Most of people cannot connect the two entities Iran and Persia together due to the simple fact that most of the countries never do such a thing like changing their name for no important and necessary reason. Normally, if countries or empires fall apart, the new pieces get new names e.g. Yugoslavia into Croatia, Serbia,… but not the way Persia became Iran overnight.
The same damage is being done to the Persian language by some Iranians calling it “Farsi”. When you ask why they do this, they say “…because in Persian we say Farsi and not Persian!”. This leads to confusion for a lot of foreigners as if Farsi is some sort of new language or a dialect of Arabic, etc.

Garshasp Farrokhpour 住在伊朗。
答案是波斯,很多人指出,在波斯语中,一般会自称伊朗。我们从来没有叫我们自己的国家波斯。现在,德国人,希腊人,埃及人,中国人,日本人,和韩国人也都叫伊朗。我经常听到外国人说波斯是古老的国家,它已经不存在了。然后往往还会将波斯比作亚述,巴比伦,苏美尔之类的古国,仿佛波斯几千年前就不存在了。
大多数人无法将伊朗和波斯这两个实体链接起来,原因很简单,因为大多数国家没有重要和必要的理由来改变对波斯的称呼。通常,如果国家或者帝国分崩离析,新王朝会获得新的名称,例如南斯拉夫成了克罗地亚,塞尔维亚之类的,但波斯成为伊朗并不是这么突然发生的。
一些伊朗人称波斯的语言是法尔斯语(波斯语Farsi),这对解释波斯语也是一种误导。当你问他们为什么这么做,他们说“因为波斯人(Persian)说波斯语( 法尔斯Farsi)而不是波斯语(帕尔斯Persian)。但这会给外国人带来很多困惑,搞得好像波斯语(Farsi)是某种新语言或者阿拉伯方言。”
译注:伊朗人自称自己的官方语言为Farsi,而英文中,之前约定俗成的方式是一般用Persian来表示波斯语。而中文把这两中叫法都译成波斯语。个人的理解就是帕尔斯Pers是法尔斯(Fars)的希腊化的变声词汇。

——————
Pasha Damirchi, lives in Tehran, Iran
The answer is: Iran.
Iranian immigrants particularly in United States prefer to call themselves Persian and their country Persia to dissmis their connection to the Ayatollah regime that was installed in Iran after 1979 revolution. Also when you say Iran in US they automatically think of Iraq which is an Arab country. They wrongfully assume that Iran is an Arab country. Many people in US still don't know that Persia and Iran are the same thing. But in Iran since the Acheamenid Empire the people call their land Iran and themselves Iranians.
Persia/Pars is a province in Iran (modern day Fars province). Greeks mistakenly call the whole Iran as Persia. Persians on the other hand are just one of the Iranian ethnic groups. We also have Azeri, Kurd, Lur and many other Iranian ethniticies.
In 1935 Iranian government officially asked foreigners to call Iran by its native name. Since then everybody calls it Iran, the land of Aryans.

Pasha Damirchi 住在伊朗德黑兰
我的回答是:伊朗。
伊朗移民,特别是在美国的移民,更喜欢自称为波斯人,他们管自己的祖国叫波斯,是因为他们不想与伊朗1979年革命后建立的阿亚图拉政权有联系。
同样,在美国说伊朗,当地人会想到伊拉克,但是伊拉克是一个阿拉伯国家。他们错误的认为伊朗是一个阿拉伯国家,许多美国人仍然不知道波斯和伊朗实际上都是指一个东西。但在伊朗,自从阿契美尼德王朝以来,人们就自称他们的国家为伊朗,他们的人民为伊朗人。
(译注:阿契美尼德王朝就是历史上赫赫有名的波斯帝国。而伊朗和雅利安在波斯语中意思差不多,好比华夏和中华区别。)
波斯/帕斯是伊朗的一个省份(现代的法尔斯省),希腊人错误的将整个伊朗称为波斯。再来就是,波斯只是伊朗的一个民族,我们还有阿塞拜疆,库尔德,卢尔人以及其他少数民族。
1953年,伊朗政府正式要求外国人以本国名字称呼伊朗,从那时候起,大家都称其为伊朗了,伊朗的意思是雅利安人之地。
(译注:阿亚图拉·赛义德·阿里·哈梅内伊,生于1939年7月17日,阿塞拜疆族,伊朗现任最高领袖,是伊朗穆斯林保守派势力及什叶派的领袖人物。是伊朗革命的关键人物之一,曾于1981年当选伊朗总统,也是首位出任该职的神职人员。先后任革命委员会成员、国防部副部长、革命卫队司令、德黑兰教长、伊斯兰议会议员和霍梅尼在最高国防委员会代表等职。1985年至1989年任总统。曾任最高国防委员会主席和文化革命最高委员会主席。1989年被负责选择伊朗最高领导人的专家会议选举为新领袖,接替去世的宗教领袖霍梅尼。)

——————
Oxān Roudbaraki
, studied at La Trobe University
we prefer “Iran” for many reason:
1- Because Iran is historically more accurate. You might think the old name of Iran is Persia but Iran was never called Persia by any local government/state/dynasty. It was always named by different variations of the word Iran. From Avestan and Old Persian Ariayana Vaejah to middle Persian/Pahlavi word Eran-Shahr, Iran Vich and modern Persian word Iran.
Persia was always a province whithin Iran but the reason Iran was called Persia in west is because Greeks used the word Persia to refer to the whole country.
Note: On 1935 the Iranian king Reza Shah did not change Iran’s name from Persia to Iran. He requested other nations to call Iran by its real name “Iran”.
2- Persia divides Iran between Persians and other Iranian people. Therefore many assume all Iranian are Persian and other ethnicities are often underrepresented. But Iran includes all Iranians.

Oxān Roudbaraki 在拉特罗贝大学学习。
我更喜欢伊朗,原因有很多:
1,从历史来说,用伊朗更准确,你可能认为伊朗旧称是波斯,但伊朗从来没有被伊朗这片土地上的任何地方政府,国家或者王朝称为波斯过。她总是以伊朗(Iran)这个词的不同变体来命名。这种情况从阿维斯陀语,古波斯语,中古波斯语(巴列维语),列王纪,现代波斯语中可以看到。
(译注:阿维斯陀语是比波斯更加古老的文明,相当于伊朗最早的文明,古波斯语是波斯帝国时期的语音,中古波斯语也叫巴列维语是萨珊波斯时期的官方通用语,列王纪是中世纪主要记录伊朗这片土地上各王朝历史的历史巨著,相当于中国的史记。)
波斯一直是伊朗的一个省,但伊朗之所以被西方称为波斯,是因为希腊人用波斯来指整个伊朗国家。
注:1935年,伊朗国王礼萨·沙阿没有要求将波斯改为伊朗,但他要求其他国家直接称呼伊朗正确的名字:伊朗。
(译注:举个例子,好比韩国直接吧汉城改为首尔,并要求现在其他国家也这么称呼其名。但是并不要求其他国家把历史上的汉城称呼也改为首尔,和伊朗国王不同的是,显然韩国还要求他国把历史中的汉城也改为了首尔,这首尔一词已经出现在了古代韩剧中了。)
2,称波斯,会让伊朗分为波斯人和其他伊朗人。很多人认为所有伊朗人都是波斯人,而其他种族的人往往代表性不足。但伊朗是指所有的伊朗人,而不只是波斯人。
(译注:伊朗国王礼萨·沙阿即礼萨·沙阿·巴列维(巴列维王朝的开创者,他将一个叛乱四起,分崩离析的伊朗重新凝聚起来功不可没,个人觉得他是现代伊朗国家的缔造者。1878年生于伊朗山区的一户贫苦人家。自幼就投身军旅,任职于沙俄在伊朗的哥萨克骑兵,并逐渐在军队中升职。之后靠着镇压革命,因功升为近卫军团长。之后在英国支持下发动政变上台,任首相兼国防大臣。1925年推翻卡扎尔王朝,建立巴列维王朝,后为了对付英法而与德国暗中结交,当时德国纳税党正将伊朗人(雅利安)奉为他们的祖先,伊朗投桃报李,两者一拍即合。结果在英美的逼迫下于1941年退位,并被驱逐出境,流亡海外,1944年7月病逝 。)

——————
Arya Tabaie, born and raised in Iran
If this was 1935, I would have stuck to Persia, the reasoning being that people don't have to call your country what you call it. We call Greece “Yoonan” not “Hellas”, and Germany “Alman” rather than “Deutschland”.
However, now that the name Iran has been official for almost a century, switching it back would send a terrible message to non-Persian Iranians.
If I were a Kurd or a Baluch for example, I'd certainly be much more comfortable being a part of an Iran than a Persia. Because in an anthropological sense, they are Iranian. But they are certainly not Persian. Persia proper is only a few provinces of Iran, most prominently Fars (literally meaning Persia). The reason that say, Greeks called the whole country Persia was that the ruling elite and the dominant culture were Persian.
Imagine how a Midwesterner would feel if the US was suddenly to be called New England or the West Coast

Arya Tabaie 在伊朗出生和长大。
如果这是1935年,我会坚持波斯。理由是外国人不必按照我们自己的要求来称呼自己的国家。就像我们称呼希腊为尤腊(Yoonan)而不是希腊(海拉斯Hellas),叫德国为阿拉门(Alman)而不是德国(德意志兰Deutschland)。
然而,伊朗作为正式的名称已经被启用近一个世纪了,如果名字改回波斯,对非波斯人来说这是一个可怕的信息。
例如,如果我是库尔德人或者俾路支人,我当然更愿意自己是伊朗人而不是成为波斯人的一部分。因为从人类学的意义上来说,他们都是伊朗人(雅利安人),但他们肯定不是波斯人。波斯本身只是几个省份能代表,其中最能代表的当属法尔斯(Fars ),字面意思就是波斯的意思。
希腊人之所以称整个国家为波斯,是因为当时统治精英是波斯人以及主体文化也是波斯文化。但请想象一下,如果美国被突然称为新英格兰或者西海岸,那么中西部的人会是什么感受?
(译注:尤腊(Yoonan)是希腊的波斯语یونان的音译,Hellas是希腊的希腊语的古典韵味的称呼,好比称呼中国为华夏。德意志兰(Deutschland)是德语中对自己祖国的称呼,Alman是波斯语中德国的叫法,法国也是差不多的叫法Almani,因为在罗马时期,Alman是日耳曼的一个部落,所以波斯语和法语的称呼应该来自罗马的拉丁语,毕竟法语是拉丁系的,而波斯语中Alman的叫法应该是开始于萨珊波斯王朝,那时候的伊朗萨珊波斯刚好是和罗马帝国并驾齐驱的时代,欧洲的事物主要是由拉丁语命名,再传到当时的萨珊波斯再正常不过了。译注2:美国西海岸主要是英格兰人的清教徒移民,盎格鲁撒克逊民族,也就是最开始独立之初的美国。)

——————
Max Carr, Senior Engineer
Definitely Iran.
Iran has several ethnicities such as Kurds, Azerbaijanis, Turkmens, persians, Arabs, etc. The country doesn't belong to one ethnicy. Persia gives the impression that everybody living in the country is persian and speaks farsi which is incorrect. Besides, I've witnessed in numerous occasions that my friends called the country “persia” to foreigners, but immediately got a response from the foreigners saying “you mean Iran?“. I'm an Iranian Azerbaijani, but most of the time I call myself an Iranian and the country Iran.

Max Carr 高级工程师
当然是伊朗。伊朗有好几个民族呢,例如库尔德人,阿塞拜疆人,土库曼人,波斯人,阿拉伯人等,这个国家不属于某一个民族。叫波斯会给人一种印象,即生活在这个国家的每个人都是波斯人,说波斯语,所以这是不正确的。此外,我在很多场合遇到我的朋友们对外国人称呼我们国家为波斯,但得到老外的回应是:你是指伊朗吗?我是阿塞拜疆人,但是大多数时候,我称自己为伊朗人以及会说国家是伊朗。

——————
Mehran Hakimian, Iranian
I prefer Iran, it is the name of this country since ancient times and the only way we refer and referred to it.
On the other hand, I would have prefered it if we had stayed internationally with the term "Persia". Persís (Περσίς) is the name of Iran in reference to the Pars region, used by the Greeks since about 2500 years. It became the international name, thus our exonym. Nowadays, lots of foreigners do not see a connection between Iran and Persia. And if, then they often think that Iran is the successor of Persia or that we changed our name, which is not the case. In 1935 Reza Shah just asked the international community to call Iran by its native name.
Imagine if Japan would demand to solely be called “Nippon”. Or if India would ask to be called “Bharat”, China as “Zhongguo”, Greece as “Hellas”, Finland as “Suomi”. I guess you see what I mean.

我更喜欢伊朗,他是这个国家自古以来的名字,也是我们提到和提及它的唯一方式。另一方面,如果我们在国际社会上坚持波斯(Persia)一词,那么我也会很乐意。波斯(Περσίς)作为伊朗的名称,源于波斯(Pers)这块地区(法尔斯省),希腊人自2500年前开始一直使用,导致波斯一词成为了他的国际化称呼,因此成为了我们的外文名。如今,很多外国人不知道伊朗和波斯之间的联系。许多外国人经常认为伊朗是波斯的继承者,不然就认为是我们改名了,而事实并非如此。
1935年国王礼萨·沙阿要求国际社会用伊朗自己的称呼来称呼伊朗。试想下,如果日本要求称呼他们的国家只能为泥盆(Nippon,译注这是日语发声音译),印度要求称其为巴拉特(Bharat),中国要求称呼自己为(zhongguo),希腊称呼为海拉斯(Hellas),芬兰被称为索米(Suomi)。所以,我想您们应该明白我的意思了吧。
(译注:好比中国让全世界各国都称呼中国为(zhongguo)的发音,而不是拆啦,契丹,茶之类的发音。上面的Bharat是梵文拉丁写法,音译也可以是婆罗多,希腊的的Hellas,芬兰的Suomi都是他们自己本国语言的发音。)

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