学习汉语最好的方法是什么(一)
正文翻译
What is the best way to learn Chinese?
学习汉语最好的方法是什么？
What is the best way to learn Chinese?
学习汉语最好的方法是什么？
评论翻译
Guoyi Xu, lives in Chengdu, Sichuan, China
It may seem easy to learn some simple Chinese characters and expressions, but learning it well, by which I mean having a good command of the language that you can communicate with an ordinary Chinese without much difficulty, is not easy at all. You cannot learn it in a single way, because there is no fixed way in learning Chinese, just as you learn other languages. However, there are some tips to follow, which does incorporate some principles for you to obey when choosing the best ways to learn Chinese.
Before learning, you have to figure out what kind of Chinese you are aiming to learn. There are two main types of Chinese spoken by a large number of people—Mandarin and Cantonese.
学习一些简单的汉字和表达方式似乎很容易，但学好中文，也就是说，掌握一门可以轻松地与普通中国人交流的语言，一点也不容易。你不能用单一的方法学习汉语，因为学习汉语就像学习其他语言一样没有固定的方法。然而，这里有一些小技巧可以遵循，其中包含了一些学习汉语的最佳方法。
在学习之前，你必须弄清楚你想学什么样的汉语。很多人说的汉语主要有两种：普通话和广东话。
It may seem easy to learn some simple Chinese characters and expressions, but learning it well, by which I mean having a good command of the language that you can communicate with an ordinary Chinese without much difficulty, is not easy at all. You cannot learn it in a single way, because there is no fixed way in learning Chinese, just as you learn other languages. However, there are some tips to follow, which does incorporate some principles for you to obey when choosing the best ways to learn Chinese.
Before learning, you have to figure out what kind of Chinese you are aiming to learn. There are two main types of Chinese spoken by a large number of people—Mandarin and Cantonese.
学习一些简单的汉字和表达方式似乎很容易，但学好中文，也就是说，掌握一门可以轻松地与普通中国人交流的语言，一点也不容易。你不能用单一的方法学习汉语，因为学习汉语就像学习其他语言一样没有固定的方法。然而，这里有一些小技巧可以遵循，其中包含了一些学习汉语的最佳方法。
在学习之前，你必须弄清楚你想学什么样的汉语。很多人说的汉语主要有两种：普通话和广东话。
In Taiwan and most parts of mainland China, it is a requirement for school children to learn Mandarin, because Mandarin is considered as a standard language (or more precisely, a standard system of pronunciation and expression) by most Chinese people. The existence of the standard language Mandarin results from the fact that though all Chinese share the same written language system, the pronunciation and ways of expressions differ greatly from province to province, city to city, and even from town to town. In Southern China, especially, habitants from neighboring towns may fail to make each other understood by speaking to each other, because they have totally different dialects. Therefore, Mandarin serves as a “bond”, for Chinese to understand each other. Mandarin is widely used in TV, radio and comunication in business, politics and education. Any foreign tourist who wish to visit mainland China and Taiwan and communicate with local people, should learn Mandarin.
In Hong Kong, Macao, and some parts of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province, Cantonese is spoken widely. Since Guangdong and Guangxi are provinces in mainland China, people there mostly consider Cantonese as a dialect rather than an official language. In Hong Kong and Macao, however, Cantonese is considered as an official language. One of my friend who paid a visit to Hong Kong last year came back to say that he was surprised that some people from Hong Kong cannot understand Mandarin when he talked to them. Since my friend cannot speak Cantonese, he had to communicate with that Hong Kong man in English. Well, this is not common, because most people from Hong Kong or Macao speak Mandarin as well as Cantonese. Since a great number of Chinese immigrants in early 20th century were from Guangdong or Hong Kong, a lot of Chinese you hear overseas now are actually Cantonese, not Mandarin.
在台湾和中国大陆大部分地区，学生必须学习普通话，因为大多数中国人认为普通话是一种标准语言（或者更准确地说，是代表标准的发音和表达系统）。标准语音普通话的存在源于这样一个事实：尽管所有汉语都有相同的书面语言系统，但各省、市、镇之间的发音和表达方式都有很大差异。特别是在中国南部，来自邻近城镇的居民可能无法通过相互交谈来让对方理解，因为他们有完全不同的方言。因此，普通话是中国人相互理解的“纽带”。普通话广泛应用于电视、广播、商务、政治和教育方面交流。任何想访问中国大陆和台湾并与当地人交流的外国游客都应该学习普通话。
在香港、澳门和广东省和广西的一些地区，广东话被广泛地使用。由于广东和广西是中国大陆的省份，那里的人大多把粤语当作方言，而不是官方语言。然而，在香港和澳门，广东话被认为是官方语言。我的一个朋友去年访问了香港，回来后他表示很惊讶，当香港的一些人和他交谈时，听不懂普通话。而且因为我的朋友不会说广东话，他不得不和那个香港人用英语交流。这是不常见的，因为大多数来自香港或澳门的人讲普通话，也可以说广东话。二十世纪初有大量来自广东或香港的中国人移民到海外，他们一般说广东话，不会说普通话。
In Hong Kong, Macao, and some parts of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province, Cantonese is spoken widely. Since Guangdong and Guangxi are provinces in mainland China, people there mostly consider Cantonese as a dialect rather than an official language. In Hong Kong and Macao, however, Cantonese is considered as an official language. One of my friend who paid a visit to Hong Kong last year came back to say that he was surprised that some people from Hong Kong cannot understand Mandarin when he talked to them. Since my friend cannot speak Cantonese, he had to communicate with that Hong Kong man in English. Well, this is not common, because most people from Hong Kong or Macao speak Mandarin as well as Cantonese. Since a great number of Chinese immigrants in early 20th century were from Guangdong or Hong Kong, a lot of Chinese you hear overseas now are actually Cantonese, not Mandarin.
在台湾和中国大陆大部分地区，学生必须学习普通话，因为大多数中国人认为普通话是一种标准语言（或者更准确地说，是代表标准的发音和表达系统）。标准语音普通话的存在源于这样一个事实：尽管所有汉语都有相同的书面语言系统，但各省、市、镇之间的发音和表达方式都有很大差异。特别是在中国南部，来自邻近城镇的居民可能无法通过相互交谈来让对方理解，因为他们有完全不同的方言。因此，普通话是中国人相互理解的“纽带”。普通话广泛应用于电视、广播、商务、政治和教育方面交流。任何想访问中国大陆和台湾并与当地人交流的外国游客都应该学习普通话。
在香港、澳门和广东省和广西的一些地区，广东话被广泛地使用。由于广东和广西是中国大陆的省份，那里的人大多把粤语当作方言，而不是官方语言。然而，在香港和澳门，广东话被认为是官方语言。我的一个朋友去年访问了香港，回来后他表示很惊讶，当香港的一些人和他交谈时，听不懂普通话。而且因为我的朋友不会说广东话，他不得不和那个香港人用英语交流。这是不常见的，因为大多数来自香港或澳门的人讲普通话，也可以说广东话。二十世纪初有大量来自广东或香港的中国人移民到海外，他们一般说广东话，不会说普通话。
You have to know this because Mandarin and Cantonese are not same at all. They share the written characters, but the pronunciation and expressions are not similar.
Learn characters and words first, along with expressions. When I first learn English, I started with 26 letters and then some simple words. It is similar learning Chinese. Only after you have learned a number of words and expressions can you figure out what grammar is in Chinese.
There is some sort of misleading English education in China. High school students take English course mostly to learn English grammar, and that’s the reason why a lot of high school student in China hate English courses. Though we began learning English at a very early age in China, there is literally no possibility for most high school students in China to handle for about 2000 English words. For such a limited vocabulary, it is of no use trying to tell them the sentence structure of a long and complex sentence. Sentences like “Had I arrived at the airport earlier, the plane wouldn’t have taken off” are hardly absorbed by some of the high school students. Students at elementary schools are taught past tenses and present perfect tenses, which confuse a lot of high school students. What I want to express using the English example of Chinese students is that as a foreign language learner, you cannot learn grammar in the first place. This is especially important in learning Chinese, because Chinese language has a very complex and flexible grammar system. If you are trying to analyse the sentence structure of Chinese, you will soon get bored.
你必须知道：普通话和广东话根本不一样。它们的文字相同，但发音和表达方式不相似。
首先，学习单词和表达。当我第一次学习英语时，我从26个字母开始，然后是一些简单的单词。学习汉语也是一样。只有在你学会了一些单词和表达之后，你才能理解汉语的语法。
中国的英语教育存在某种误导。高中生上英语课主要是为了学习英语语法，这就是为什么中国很多高中生讨厌英语课的原因。虽然我们在中国，很小的时候就开始学习英语，但对于中国的大多数高中生来说，几乎不可能掌握大约2000个英语单词。对于如此有限的词汇量，试图告诉他们一个长而复杂的句子的结构是没有用的。像“Had I arrived at the airport earlier, the plane wouldn’t have taken off”这样的句子很难被一些高中生理解。小学的学生学习过去时态和现在完成时态，这让很多高中生感到困惑。我想用中国学生的英语例子来表达的是，作为一名外语学习者，你首先不能学习语法。这在学习汉语时尤其重要，因为汉语有一个非常复杂和灵活的语法系统。如果你试图分析汉语的句子结构，你很快就会感到厌烦。
Actually there is no need to learn grammar in Chinese, and my tips for you is to learn as much words and expressions as possible. Your vocabulary helps you a lot when you lear grammar or communicate with others. As for sentence structures, you just have to read as much materials as possible, and sometimes you don’t need to ask why when you come across several sentences which express the same meaning but are not structured in the same way. Sometimes, it is just the habits of Chinese people to say it that way, and that particular expression just passed generation by generation, and we just take it for granted. When you ask a Chinese people why a sentence is structured in that way or why we use some figure to express a particular meaning, you may not get a satisfying answer. For example, we Chinese use “含着金钥匙” to express children growing up with good living condition and no worry of hunger, but literally the expression means the behavior of keeping a golden key in the mouth. Nobody knows why we use the behavior of keeping a golden key in the mouth to express the meaning of wealth, and we just say it that way.
其实没有必要学习汉语语法，我给你的建议是尽可能多地学习单词和表达。然后当你学习语法或与他人交流时，你会发现词汇对你帮助很大。至于句子结构，你只需要阅读尽可能多的材料，有时当你遇到几个表达相同意思但结构不同的句子时，你不需要问为什么。有时候，中国人习惯这样说，而这种特殊的表达方式一代又一代地流传着，我们只是认为这是理所当然的。当你问一个中国人为什么一个句子是这样的结构，或者为什么我们用一些数字来表达一个特定的意思时，你可能不会得到满意的答案。例如，我们中国人使用“含着金钥匙” 表达孩子们在良好的生活条件下成长，不担心饥饿，但字面上的意思是把金钥匙放在嘴里的行为。没有人知道为什么我们用把金钥匙放在嘴里的行为来表达财富的意义，我们只是这样说。
Learn characters and words first, along with expressions. When I first learn English, I started with 26 letters and then some simple words. It is similar learning Chinese. Only after you have learned a number of words and expressions can you figure out what grammar is in Chinese.
There is some sort of misleading English education in China. High school students take English course mostly to learn English grammar, and that’s the reason why a lot of high school student in China hate English courses. Though we began learning English at a very early age in China, there is literally no possibility for most high school students in China to handle for about 2000 English words. For such a limited vocabulary, it is of no use trying to tell them the sentence structure of a long and complex sentence. Sentences like “Had I arrived at the airport earlier, the plane wouldn’t have taken off” are hardly absorbed by some of the high school students. Students at elementary schools are taught past tenses and present perfect tenses, which confuse a lot of high school students. What I want to express using the English example of Chinese students is that as a foreign language learner, you cannot learn grammar in the first place. This is especially important in learning Chinese, because Chinese language has a very complex and flexible grammar system. If you are trying to analyse the sentence structure of Chinese, you will soon get bored.
你必须知道：普通话和广东话根本不一样。它们的文字相同，但发音和表达方式不相似。
首先，学习单词和表达。当我第一次学习英语时，我从26个字母开始，然后是一些简单的单词。学习汉语也是一样。只有在你学会了一些单词和表达之后，你才能理解汉语的语法。
中国的英语教育存在某种误导。高中生上英语课主要是为了学习英语语法，这就是为什么中国很多高中生讨厌英语课的原因。虽然我们在中国，很小的时候就开始学习英语，但对于中国的大多数高中生来说，几乎不可能掌握大约2000个英语单词。对于如此有限的词汇量，试图告诉他们一个长而复杂的句子的结构是没有用的。像“Had I arrived at the airport earlier, the plane wouldn’t have taken off”这样的句子很难被一些高中生理解。小学的学生学习过去时态和现在完成时态，这让很多高中生感到困惑。我想用中国学生的英语例子来表达的是，作为一名外语学习者，你首先不能学习语法。这在学习汉语时尤其重要，因为汉语有一个非常复杂和灵活的语法系统。如果你试图分析汉语的句子结构，你很快就会感到厌烦。
Actually there is no need to learn grammar in Chinese, and my tips for you is to learn as much words and expressions as possible. Your vocabulary helps you a lot when you lear grammar or communicate with others. As for sentence structures, you just have to read as much materials as possible, and sometimes you don’t need to ask why when you come across several sentences which express the same meaning but are not structured in the same way. Sometimes, it is just the habits of Chinese people to say it that way, and that particular expression just passed generation by generation, and we just take it for granted. When you ask a Chinese people why a sentence is structured in that way or why we use some figure to express a particular meaning, you may not get a satisfying answer. For example, we Chinese use “含着金钥匙” to express children growing up with good living condition and no worry of hunger, but literally the expression means the behavior of keeping a golden key in the mouth. Nobody knows why we use the behavior of keeping a golden key in the mouth to express the meaning of wealth, and we just say it that way.
其实没有必要学习汉语语法，我给你的建议是尽可能多地学习单词和表达。然后当你学习语法或与他人交流时，你会发现词汇对你帮助很大。至于句子结构，你只需要阅读尽可能多的材料，有时当你遇到几个表达相同意思但结构不同的句子时，你不需要问为什么。有时候，中国人习惯这样说，而这种特殊的表达方式一代又一代地流传着，我们只是认为这是理所当然的。当你问一个中国人为什么一个句子是这样的结构，或者为什么我们用一些数字来表达一个特定的意思时，你可能不会得到满意的答案。例如，我们中国人使用“含着金钥匙” 表达孩子们在良好的生活条件下成长，不担心饥饿，但字面上的意思是把金钥匙放在嘴里的行为。没有人知道为什么我们用把金钥匙放在嘴里的行为来表达财富的意义，我们只是这样说。
Communicate. By communicating, I mean you can communicate with your Chinese teacher in Chinese,
your Chinese classmates, collegues. You can also read Chinese newspapers, watch Chinese talk shows, movies, listening to Chinese pop songs (There are Mandarin songs and Cantonese songs which sound different, you have to know that) and so on. You can visit China to communicate with the local people. Chinese people are always pleased and ready to talk with a foreigner in Chinese. Since usually a foreigner do not need to speak Chinese to visit China (because a great number Chinese people can speak English), a foreigner who can speak Chinese is rare and can always receive special welcome and warm-hearted helps. In large cities in China, people speak Mandarin, while in the small towns or the country side, dialects may predominate. China is an excellent place for you to practice your Chinese language. You can also practice in your own country with a Chinese people, but for historical reasons, the language spoken by Chinese overseas (especially Chinese born overseas) varies from person to person. Some of them speak Cantonese, some Mandarin, and others dialects of their own hometown. You may not understand some of them even if they are speaking Chinese to you, and don’t worry because they may just be speaking their dialect. Communication is the key to learning a language, and when you are learning Chinese, the diversity of dialects may surprise you when you communicate with Chinese people.
沟通。多交流，我的意思是你可以用汉语与你的汉语老师、中国同学、同事交流。你也可以读中文报纸，看中文脱口秀，看电影，听中文流行歌曲（有国语歌曲和粤语歌曲听起来不一样，你必须知道）等等。你可以去与中国当地人交流。中国人总是乐于用汉语与外国人交谈。由于外国人通常访问中国不说汉语来（很多中国人都会说英语），会说汉语的外国人很少见，而且总能得到特别的欢迎和热情的帮助。在中国的大城市，人们讲普通话，而在小城镇或农村地区，方言可能占主导地位。中国是你练习汉语的好地方。你也可以在自己的国家与中国人一起练习，但由于历史原因，海外华人所说的语言因人而异。他们中的一些人说广东话，一些人说普通话，还有一些人说他们家乡的方言。即使他们对你说汉语，他们中的一些人说的内容你也可能听不懂，不要担心，因为他们可能只是在说他们的方言。交流是学习语言的关键，当你学习汉语时，多与中国人交流，方言的多样性可能会让你感到惊讶。
your Chinese classmates, collegues. You can also read Chinese newspapers, watch Chinese talk shows, movies, listening to Chinese pop songs (There are Mandarin songs and Cantonese songs which sound different, you have to know that) and so on. You can visit China to communicate with the local people. Chinese people are always pleased and ready to talk with a foreigner in Chinese. Since usually a foreigner do not need to speak Chinese to visit China (because a great number Chinese people can speak English), a foreigner who can speak Chinese is rare and can always receive special welcome and warm-hearted helps. In large cities in China, people speak Mandarin, while in the small towns or the country side, dialects may predominate. China is an excellent place for you to practice your Chinese language. You can also practice in your own country with a Chinese people, but for historical reasons, the language spoken by Chinese overseas (especially Chinese born overseas) varies from person to person. Some of them speak Cantonese, some Mandarin, and others dialects of their own hometown. You may not understand some of them even if they are speaking Chinese to you, and don’t worry because they may just be speaking their dialect. Communication is the key to learning a language, and when you are learning Chinese, the diversity of dialects may surprise you when you communicate with Chinese people.
沟通。多交流，我的意思是你可以用汉语与你的汉语老师、中国同学、同事交流。你也可以读中文报纸，看中文脱口秀，看电影，听中文流行歌曲（有国语歌曲和粤语歌曲听起来不一样，你必须知道）等等。你可以去与中国当地人交流。中国人总是乐于用汉语与外国人交谈。由于外国人通常访问中国不说汉语来（很多中国人都会说英语），会说汉语的外国人很少见，而且总能得到特别的欢迎和热情的帮助。在中国的大城市，人们讲普通话，而在小城镇或农村地区，方言可能占主导地位。中国是你练习汉语的好地方。你也可以在自己的国家与中国人一起练习，但由于历史原因，海外华人所说的语言因人而异。他们中的一些人说广东话，一些人说普通话，还有一些人说他们家乡的方言。即使他们对你说汉语，他们中的一些人说的内容你也可能听不懂，不要担心，因为他们可能只是在说他们的方言。交流是学习语言的关键，当你学习汉语时，多与中国人交流，方言的多样性可能会让你感到惊讶。
Kevin Dewalt, Startup founder (5), Investor (25+), and mentor (a lot). Now working on SaaS.
Short Answer: Find a Westerners in a similar life situation as yours who learned Chinese to the level of proficiency you desire and ask their advice. Most likely you'll discover that they best (and perhaps only) way to learn a language is to use it.
Long Answer…
I asked this Quora question when I arrived in China and was struggling to learn Chinese. I've recently turned the corner and can now have day-to-day life conversations with Chinese people. Although I'm nowhere near the level of proficiency I desire, I have found a process that is working for me and feel bit more qualified to answer my own question.
I moved to China in the Spring of 2012. It was a hard landing for me, much harder than I expected. In America I spent about 6 months studying part time with software products like Memrise, Chinesepod, and Anki flashcards as well periodic lessons with 1-1 tutors. I continued this practice in China, and by May of 2012 I was intensely frustrated with my progress. Chinese people had a hard time understanding even basic words I was saying and I understand almost nothing of what I heard. Fortunately my hours using Memrise had given me a good grasp of pinyin and knowledge of about 1,000 characters, so at least I could use SMS to communicate as a last resort. But overall I realized that if I didn't find a better approach to start rapidly improving I was on the road to becoming another Westerner who tried to learn and gave up.
简单的答案:找一个和你生活状况相似的西方人，并且他的中文水平已经到了你想要的熟练程度，并征求他们的意见。你很可能会发现学习一门语言的最好(也许也是唯一)方法就是使用它。
详细的答案：
当我来到中国，正在努力学习中文时，我在Quora上问了这个问题。我最近渡过了难关，现在生活中我可以和中国人进行日常对话。虽然还没有达到我想要的熟练程度，但我发现了一个对我有用的过程，并且觉得自己更有资格回答这个问题。
我在2012年春天搬到中国。这对我来说是一次硬着陆，过程比我预期的要困难得多。在美国，我花了大约6个月的时间学习Memrise、Chinesepod和Anki等软件产品，以及有导师1对1的定期课程。我在中国继续这种做法，到2012年5月，我对自己的进步感到非常沮丧。中国人甚至很难理解我说出最基本的单词，我几乎听不懂我听到的任何话。幸运的是，我使用Memrise的时间让我很好地掌握了拼音和大约1000个字符的知识，所以至少我可以把短信作为最后的手段来交流。但总的来说，我意识到，如果我没有找到一个更好的方法快速提高中文水平，我就会成为另一个试图学习中文并放弃的西方人。
Short Answer: Find a Westerners in a similar life situation as yours who learned Chinese to the level of proficiency you desire and ask their advice. Most likely you'll discover that they best (and perhaps only) way to learn a language is to use it.
Long Answer…
I asked this Quora question when I arrived in China and was struggling to learn Chinese. I've recently turned the corner and can now have day-to-day life conversations with Chinese people. Although I'm nowhere near the level of proficiency I desire, I have found a process that is working for me and feel bit more qualified to answer my own question.
I moved to China in the Spring of 2012. It was a hard landing for me, much harder than I expected. In America I spent about 6 months studying part time with software products like Memrise, Chinesepod, and Anki flashcards as well periodic lessons with 1-1 tutors. I continued this practice in China, and by May of 2012 I was intensely frustrated with my progress. Chinese people had a hard time understanding even basic words I was saying and I understand almost nothing of what I heard. Fortunately my hours using Memrise had given me a good grasp of pinyin and knowledge of about 1,000 characters, so at least I could use SMS to communicate as a last resort. But overall I realized that if I didn't find a better approach to start rapidly improving I was on the road to becoming another Westerner who tried to learn and gave up.
简单的答案:找一个和你生活状况相似的西方人，并且他的中文水平已经到了你想要的熟练程度，并征求他们的意见。你很可能会发现学习一门语言的最好(也许也是唯一)方法就是使用它。
详细的答案：
当我来到中国，正在努力学习中文时，我在Quora上问了这个问题。我最近渡过了难关，现在生活中我可以和中国人进行日常对话。虽然还没有达到我想要的熟练程度，但我发现了一个对我有用的过程，并且觉得自己更有资格回答这个问题。
我在2012年春天搬到中国。这对我来说是一次硬着陆，过程比我预期的要困难得多。在美国，我花了大约6个月的时间学习Memrise、Chinesepod和Anki等软件产品，以及有导师1对1的定期课程。我在中国继续这种做法，到2012年5月，我对自己的进步感到非常沮丧。中国人甚至很难理解我说出最基本的单词，我几乎听不懂我听到的任何话。幸运的是，我使用Memrise的时间让我很好地掌握了拼音和大约1000个字符的知识，所以至少我可以把短信作为最后的手段来交流。但总的来说，我意识到，如果我没有找到一个更好的方法快速提高中文水平，我就会成为另一个试图学习中文并放弃的西方人。
I met a lot of Westerners who started working when the first arrived in China, took few hours each week of lessons, and never really got to the point where they could use Chinese as well as I can now. I commonly hear the regret, "I wish I had first focused on Chinese when I arrived."
Every Westerner I met who was "fluent" (1) spent at least several months studying Chinese full time, and (2) spent massive amounts of time speaking 1-1 with native Chinese people.
Of course this doesn't mean that software products, classrooms, and studying part time don't help - I just didn't meet anyone who had used them successfully.
So in early June I decided to give myself a 3-month deadline of getting to basic efficiency or give up. I stopped taking meetings in Beijing, stopped work on any other projects, and dedicated myself full time, 7 days a week to learning Chinese.
I increased my 1-1 time with Chinese teachers from ~8 hours/week to ~25. I found two great teachers（one from a school in Beijing http://www.livethelanguage.cn/, one referred by another American expat) for 3-6 hours per day, 7 days/week.
我遇到过很多刚到中国就开始工作的西方人，他们每周上几个小时的中文课，但从来不像我现在这样可以熟练地使用中文。我经常听到这样的遗憾:“我希望我刚来（中国）的时候就把重点放在学汉语上。”
我遇到的每一个“能流利说中文”的西方人都至少花了几个月的时间全职学习中文，其次花了大量的时间与中国人进行一对一交谈。
当然，这并不意味着软件产品、课堂和兼职学习（对学中文）没有帮助——我只是没有遇到过成功使用它们的人。
所以在6月初，我决定给自己3个月的期限，要么达到基本水平，要么放弃。我停止去北京开会，停止任何其他项目的工作，全身心投入，每周7天都在学习中文。
我和中国老师的1对1次交流时间从每周8小时增加到每周25小时。我找到了两位很棒的老师(一位来自北京的学校，另一位来自美国的外籍人士)，和他们一起工作，每周工作7天。
I started watching episodes of 喜羊羊与灰太狼 per Daniel's advice. I could not (and still can't) follow the dialog at full speed, so my teacher would transcribe the dialog for me and I would study it as well. With my teacher I would explain the entire episode to her, ask questions, and attempt to use the new words and grammar from the episode. When I could watch it at full speed and understand everything I would move on. Sometimes I would have to see the same word multiple times before getting it.
Since I never hand write English, I decided not to learn how to write Hanzi characters except 一 、二、三 :-). But I did type Hanzi everyday, typing out homework assignments, creating my own fictional dialogs, and writing stories. Every day I read them with my teacher, get errors corrected, and talk about them.
Every Westerner I met who was "fluent" (1) spent at least several months studying Chinese full time, and (2) spent massive amounts of time speaking 1-1 with native Chinese people.
Of course this doesn't mean that software products, classrooms, and studying part time don't help - I just didn't meet anyone who had used them successfully.
So in early June I decided to give myself a 3-month deadline of getting to basic efficiency or give up. I stopped taking meetings in Beijing, stopped work on any other projects, and dedicated myself full time, 7 days a week to learning Chinese.
I increased my 1-1 time with Chinese teachers from ~8 hours/week to ~25. I found two great teachers（one from a school in Beijing http://www.livethelanguage.cn/, one referred by another American expat) for 3-6 hours per day, 7 days/week.
我遇到过很多刚到中国就开始工作的西方人，他们每周上几个小时的中文课，但从来不像我现在这样可以熟练地使用中文。我经常听到这样的遗憾:“我希望我刚来（中国）的时候就把重点放在学汉语上。”
我遇到的每一个“能流利说中文”的西方人都至少花了几个月的时间全职学习中文，其次花了大量的时间与中国人进行一对一交谈。
当然，这并不意味着软件产品、课堂和兼职学习（对学中文）没有帮助——我只是没有遇到过成功使用它们的人。
所以在6月初，我决定给自己3个月的期限，要么达到基本水平，要么放弃。我停止去北京开会，停止任何其他项目的工作，全身心投入，每周7天都在学习中文。
我和中国老师的1对1次交流时间从每周8小时增加到每周25小时。我找到了两位很棒的老师(一位来自北京的学校，另一位来自美国的外籍人士)，和他们一起工作，每周工作7天。
I started watching episodes of 喜羊羊与灰太狼 per Daniel's advice. I could not (and still can't) follow the dialog at full speed, so my teacher would transcribe the dialog for me and I would study it as well. With my teacher I would explain the entire episode to her, ask questions, and attempt to use the new words and grammar from the episode. When I could watch it at full speed and understand everything I would move on. Sometimes I would have to see the same word multiple times before getting it.
Since I never hand write English, I decided not to learn how to write Hanzi characters except 一 、二、三 :-). But I did type Hanzi everyday, typing out homework assignments, creating my own fictional dialogs, and writing stories. Every day I read them with my teacher, get errors corrected, and talk about them.
I looked for every daily life opportunity to speak Chinese. Before going to get a haircut/buy something/to a restaurant I would write out fictional dialogs about what I planned to do, then I would read and discuss them with my teachers. Then I would go out and use the language in the wild, making mistakes and stumbling through it.
By the end August, my 3 month deadline, I was able to carry out basic life conversations.
我开始按照丹尼尔的建议看电视剧喜羊羊与灰太狼 。我不能（现在仍然不能）全速跟随对话，所以我的老师会为我转录对话，我也会学习。我会向她解释整集内容，提出问题，并尝试使用该集的生词和语法。当我可以全速观看并理解一切时。有时，我不得不在了解一个词之前，重复多次看它。
由于我从不手写英语，我决定不学写如何汉字，除非一 、二、三 ，嘿嘿， 但我每天都（用电脑）打汉字，打家庭作业，创造一些虚构的对话，写故事。每天我都和我的老师一起读，纠正错误，并谈论它们。
我每天都在寻找说汉语的机会。在去理发/买东西/去餐馆之前，我会写一些关于我计划做什么的虚构对话，然后我会阅读并与老师讨论。然后我会走出去，在野外使用它，犯错误，跌跌撞撞地掌握它。
到了8月底，也就是我3个月的最后期限，我能够进行基本的生活对话。
By the end August, my 3 month deadline, I was able to carry out basic life conversations.
我开始按照丹尼尔的建议看电视剧喜羊羊与灰太狼 。我不能（现在仍然不能）全速跟随对话，所以我的老师会为我转录对话，我也会学习。我会向她解释整集内容，提出问题，并尝试使用该集的生词和语法。当我可以全速观看并理解一切时。有时，我不得不在了解一个词之前，重复多次看它。
由于我从不手写英语，我决定不学写如何汉字，除非一 、二、三 ，嘿嘿， 但我每天都（用电脑）打汉字，打家庭作业，创造一些虚构的对话，写故事。每天我都和我的老师一起读，纠正错误，并谈论它们。
我每天都在寻找说汉语的机会。在去理发/买东西/去餐馆之前，我会写一些关于我计划做什么的虚构对话，然后我会阅读并与老师讨论。然后我会走出去，在野外使用它，犯错误，跌跌撞撞地掌握它。
到了8月底，也就是我3个月的最后期限，我能够进行基本的生活对话。
I still plan on working 1-1 with teachers a few hours a day, reading Chinese, and writing at every opportunity.
In retrospect, my advice is…
1. If life allows it, dedicate 6 months, full time, 24x7 to studying and using Chinese when you arrive in China.
2. Find a way to spend 20-30 hours/week in one-on-one dialog with native speakers. Professional teachers are the best if you can afford it ($5-$20 USD/hour) but you can also get students and tutors if necessary.
3. Be patient, be determined. It is so hard but it gets better.
我仍然计划每天和老师们进行一对一地训练几个小时，随时阅读中文和写作。
回想起来，我的建议是：
如果生活允许，当你到达中国时，花6个月的时间，全天24小时学习和使用中文。
找到母语为汉语的人士每周花20-30小时进行一对一的对话。如果你能负担得起的话，你也可以花5美元/小时请专业导师。
要有耐心，要有决心。这尽管很难，但学习效果会越来越好。
In retrospect, my advice is…
1. If life allows it, dedicate 6 months, full time, 24x7 to studying and using Chinese when you arrive in China.
2. Find a way to spend 20-30 hours/week in one-on-one dialog with native speakers. Professional teachers are the best if you can afford it ($5-$20 USD/hour) but you can also get students and tutors if necessary.
3. Be patient, be determined. It is so hard but it gets better.
我仍然计划每天和老师们进行一对一地训练几个小时，随时阅读中文和写作。
回想起来，我的建议是：
如果生活允许，当你到达中国时，花6个月的时间，全天24小时学习和使用中文。
找到母语为汉语的人士每周花20-30小时进行一对一的对话。如果你能负担得起的话，你也可以花5美元/小时请专业导师。
要有耐心，要有决心。这尽管很难，但学习效果会越来越好。
Mengli He, English Translator in Shenzhen, China
I am a Chinese.
I majored in English in university and I studied French for two years as a second foreign language. But still I am not able to speak like a native speaker in English, or have basic conversations in French.
I have many foreign colleagues who are copywriters of our company. Some of them can speak very fluent Chinese. One of them only studied Chinese for two months, but he can understand most of our Chinese conversations.
Based on my own experience of learning a foreign language, I think the most effective and quickest way to acquire a foreign language is to learn it in an immersive environment.
I would skirt all those detailed language acquisition methods here because there are already many good answers. I would like to share with you how we Chinese people learn Chinese in school. I grew up in a small village where I finished my nine-year compulsory education. So my personal experience only shows a small part of how Chinese students learn Chinese in school.
Read aloud, copy, recite and dictate: We usually read the text aloud during early-morning self-study. Sometimes, we have to recite the full texts, sometimes we only recite some paragraphs. For those classical Chinese poetry in our textbook, we have to recite them all even if we were still too young to conceive the artistic conception. The most frequent homework for our Chinese classes were copy the words/phrases/paragraphs, or recite the text/paragraphs, or write diaries.
我是中国人。
我在大学主修英语，法语作为第二外语，我学了两年。但我仍然不能像母语为英语的人那样说英语，也不能用法语进行基本的对话。
我有许多外国同事是我们公司的文案撰写人。他们中的一些人能说一口流利的汉语。其中一位只学了两个月的中文，但他能听懂我们大部分的中文对话。
根据我自己学习外语的经验，我认为学习外语最有效、最快捷的方法是在沉浸式环境中学习。
我会避开所有这些详细的语言学习方法，因为已经有很多很好的答案了。我想和你们分享我们中国人在学校里是如何学习汉语的。我在一个小村庄长大，在那里我完成了九年义务教育。因此，我个人的经历只展示了中国学生在学校学习汉语的一小部分。
朗读、抄写、背诵和听写：我们通常在清晨自学时大声朗读课文。有时，我们必须背诵全文，有时我们只背诵一些段落。对于我们课本上的中国古典诗歌，即使我们还太小，无法构思出意境，我们也必须把它们全部背诵出来。我们中文课上最常见的作业是抄写单词/短语/段落，或背诵课文/段落，或写日记。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I am a Chinese.
I majored in English in university and I studied French for two years as a second foreign language. But still I am not able to speak like a native speaker in English, or have basic conversations in French.
I have many foreign colleagues who are copywriters of our company. Some of them can speak very fluent Chinese. One of them only studied Chinese for two months, but he can understand most of our Chinese conversations.
Based on my own experience of learning a foreign language, I think the most effective and quickest way to acquire a foreign language is to learn it in an immersive environment.
I would skirt all those detailed language acquisition methods here because there are already many good answers. I would like to share with you how we Chinese people learn Chinese in school. I grew up in a small village where I finished my nine-year compulsory education. So my personal experience only shows a small part of how Chinese students learn Chinese in school.
Read aloud, copy, recite and dictate: We usually read the text aloud during early-morning self-study. Sometimes, we have to recite the full texts, sometimes we only recite some paragraphs. For those classical Chinese poetry in our textbook, we have to recite them all even if we were still too young to conceive the artistic conception. The most frequent homework for our Chinese classes were copy the words/phrases/paragraphs, or recite the text/paragraphs, or write diaries.
我是中国人。
我在大学主修英语，法语作为第二外语，我学了两年。但我仍然不能像母语为英语的人那样说英语，也不能用法语进行基本的对话。
我有许多外国同事是我们公司的文案撰写人。他们中的一些人能说一口流利的汉语。其中一位只学了两个月的中文，但他能听懂我们大部分的中文对话。
根据我自己学习外语的经验，我认为学习外语最有效、最快捷的方法是在沉浸式环境中学习。
我会避开所有这些详细的语言学习方法，因为已经有很多很好的答案了。我想和你们分享我们中国人在学校里是如何学习汉语的。我在一个小村庄长大，在那里我完成了九年义务教育。因此，我个人的经历只展示了中国学生在学校学习汉语的一小部分。
朗读、抄写、背诵和听写：我们通常在清晨自学时大声朗读课文。有时，我们必须背诵全文，有时我们只背诵一些段落。对于我们课本上的中国古典诗歌，即使我们还太小，无法构思出意境，我们也必须把它们全部背诵出来。我们中文课上最常见的作业是抄写单词/短语/段落，或背诵课文/段落，或写日记。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Write essays with a given topic: Basically, our Chinese classes are always about reading and writing.
Read extracurricular books and take notes: Some of the notes are examination-oriented. But sometimes I takes notes out of pure appreciation for the charm of literature.
To sum up, I don’t think there is any so-called “the best ways” to learn Chinese, but every little bit helps.
写一篇有主题的文章：基本上，我们的语文课总是关于阅读和写作。
阅读课外书籍并做笔记：其中一些笔记是面向考试的。但有时我做笔记纯粹是为了欣赏文学的魅力。
总而言之，我不认为有任何所谓的“最好的方法”来学习汉语，但每一点都有帮助。
Read extracurricular books and take notes: Some of the notes are examination-oriented. But sometimes I takes notes out of pure appreciation for the charm of literature.
To sum up, I don’t think there is any so-called “the best ways” to learn Chinese, but every little bit helps.
写一篇有主题的文章：基本上，我们的语文课总是关于阅读和写作。
阅读课外书籍并做笔记：其中一些笔记是面向考试的。但有时我做笔记纯粹是为了欣赏文学的魅力。
总而言之，我不认为有任何所谓的“最好的方法”来学习汉语，但每一点都有帮助。
Harish Vasanth, studied Mandarin Chinese at Sun Yat-Sen University
Language acquisition is intimidating at times!
Especially, when you don't have a pulsating desire or enough drive, learning a language can be a quite daunting task.
Unlike other languages, Chinese looks tougher and harder to learn but it's not actually. It looks hard mainly because of two reasons
lack of cultural knowledge
Language is directly related with the culture. So the context comes into play. You might have learned the language somewhere outside the country . But to initiate a conversation with a native speaker, you won't feel it like comfortable. Why so? cultural awareness is a must to understand the context of any Language!
So how do we do this?
First and foremost, throw yourself into the unknown , that is the best way. whatever the language you wanna master, if possible, be in that country surrounded by the native speakers and exposed to good quality contents repeatedly, and give yourself enough time to rewire your brain and evolve through the series of events by actively participating in it. A conscious effort required to be successful in it. spend 1–2 years would be suffice to master it if you're spending time wisely grabbing every single opportunity to learn and practice.
So coming back to your point, Chinese can be hard especially when you start off. Cause you're seeing it for the first time and it's a tonal language. It takes sometime to hack into the 5 tones and the rules. These are the building blocks and find time and practice as much as you can
学习语言的过程有时令人生畏!
特别是当你没有强烈的欲望或足够的动力时，学习一门语言可能是一项相当艰巨的任务。
不像其他语言，中文看起来越学会感觉越难，但实际上并非如此。之所以看起来很难，主要有两个原因
缺乏文化知识
语言与文化有直接的关系。因此，要注意上下文结构。你可能在国外的某个地方学过这种语言。但是和一个以这种语言为母语的人交谈，你会觉得不舒服。为什么理解该语言的语境，文化意识都是必须的!
那么我们该怎么做呢?
首先，把自己投入到未知中去，这是最好的方法。无论你想掌握哪门语言，如果可能的话，在那个国家和其母语人士呆在一起，反复接触高质量的内容，给自己足够的时间重新连接你的大脑，通过积极参与一系列事件来发展。需要有意识的努力才能成功。如果你花时间并且明智地抓住每个学习和练习的机会，花1至2年就足够掌握它了。
所以回到你的观点，中文可能很难，尤其是当你开始学它的时候。因为这是你第一次看到它，它是一种（新的）音调语言。它需要一些时间来了解音调和规则。这些都是基本要素，找时间尽可能多地练习它。
Language acquisition is intimidating at times!
Especially, when you don't have a pulsating desire or enough drive, learning a language can be a quite daunting task.
Unlike other languages, Chinese looks tougher and harder to learn but it's not actually. It looks hard mainly because of two reasons
lack of cultural knowledge
Language is directly related with the culture. So the context comes into play. You might have learned the language somewhere outside the country . But to initiate a conversation with a native speaker, you won't feel it like comfortable. Why so? cultural awareness is a must to understand the context of any Language!
So how do we do this?
First and foremost, throw yourself into the unknown , that is the best way. whatever the language you wanna master, if possible, be in that country surrounded by the native speakers and exposed to good quality contents repeatedly, and give yourself enough time to rewire your brain and evolve through the series of events by actively participating in it. A conscious effort required to be successful in it. spend 1–2 years would be suffice to master it if you're spending time wisely grabbing every single opportunity to learn and practice.
So coming back to your point, Chinese can be hard especially when you start off. Cause you're seeing it for the first time and it's a tonal language. It takes sometime to hack into the 5 tones and the rules. These are the building blocks and find time and practice as much as you can
学习语言的过程有时令人生畏!
特别是当你没有强烈的欲望或足够的动力时，学习一门语言可能是一项相当艰巨的任务。
不像其他语言，中文看起来越学会感觉越难，但实际上并非如此。之所以看起来很难，主要有两个原因
缺乏文化知识
语言与文化有直接的关系。因此，要注意上下文结构。你可能在国外的某个地方学过这种语言。但是和一个以这种语言为母语的人交谈，你会觉得不舒服。为什么理解该语言的语境，文化意识都是必须的!
那么我们该怎么做呢?
首先，把自己投入到未知中去，这是最好的方法。无论你想掌握哪门语言，如果可能的话，在那个国家和其母语人士呆在一起，反复接触高质量的内容，给自己足够的时间重新连接你的大脑，通过积极参与一系列事件来发展。需要有意识的努力才能成功。如果你花时间并且明智地抓住每个学习和练习的机会，花1至2年就足够掌握它了。
所以回到你的观点，中文可能很难，尤其是当你开始学它的时候。因为这是你第一次看到它，它是一种（新的）音调语言。它需要一些时间来了解音调和规则。这些都是基本要素，找时间尽可能多地练习它。
The success mantra - RRR :)
REPEAT+ REPEAT+ REPEAT
Once you master the tones, it's pretty much done with the language!
Then it's time for a big leap! Get ready to be surprised
As there's no verb conjugation in Chinese which makes it really easy (in comparison with English, Spanish and other languages etc.. )
For example, let's take a verb 'eat' and compare with English
In English the three forms would be
Eat-ate-eaten ( present, past and pp respectively)
But in Chinese, it's 吃(chi1)
REPEAT+ REPEAT+ REPEAT
Once you master the tones, it's pretty much done with the language!
Then it's time for a big leap! Get ready to be surprised
As there's no verb conjugation in Chinese which makes it really easy (in comparison with English, Spanish and other languages etc.. )
For example, let's take a verb 'eat' and compare with English
In English the three forms would be
Eat-ate-eaten ( present, past and pp respectively)
But in Chinese, it's 吃(chi1)
It retain the same form without any change irrespective of the tense we use.
成功咒语：
重复重复重复
一旦你掌握了声调，你基本上就掌握了这门语言!
然后是大进步的时候了!准备好大吃一惊吧。
因为汉语中没有动词变化，这让学习汉语变得非常简单(与英语、西班牙语和其他语言相比)。
例如，让我们拿动词eat和英语作比较
在英语中，这三种形式是
吃的现在、过去和进行时
但在中国,它就是吃
不管我们用什么时态，它都是一个形式，没有任何变化。
成功咒语：
重复重复重复
一旦你掌握了声调，你基本上就掌握了这门语言!
然后是大进步的时候了!准备好大吃一惊吧。
因为汉语中没有动词变化，这让学习汉语变得非常简单(与英语、西班牙语和其他语言相比)。
例如，让我们拿动词eat和英语作比较
在英语中，这三种形式是
吃的现在、过去和进行时
但在中国,它就是吃
不管我们用什么时态，它都是一个形式，没有任何变化。
很赞 2
收藏