为什么毒品战争是一场巨大的失败
2021-09-03 大宝贝 17540
正文翻译

Over 40 years ago, US President Richard Nixon declared drug abuse public enemy number one,starting an unprecedented global campaign, the War on Drugs.Today, the numbers are in.The War on Drugs is a huge failure, with devastating unintended consequences.It led to mass incarceration in the US;to corruption, political destabilization, and violencein Latin America, Asia, and Africa;to systemic human rights abuses across the world.

40 多年前,美国总统理查德·尼克松宣布把吸毒作为“全民头号公敌”,并开始了一场史无前例的大规模运动,即毒品战争。今天,结果出来了,毒品战争被证明是一场巨大的失败,并带来毁灭性以及令人出乎意料的后果。 这场毒品战争不仅导致美国出现大规模监禁;而且为拉丁美洲、亚洲和非洲带来腐败、政治动荡和暴力;也导致了世界范围内系统性的人权侵害。

It negatively affected the lives of millions of people.All of this while we waste billions of dollars every year ,only to create and fuel powerful drug cartels ,while the goal of the War on Drugs seems less achievable than ever: a world without drugs.

它对数百万人的生活产生了负面影响。与此同时,我们每年浪费数十亿美元,只是制造和助长了强大的贩毒集团,而”毒品战争“的目标似乎比以往任何时候都更难以实现:一个没有毒品的世界。

How could this happen?The core strategy of the War on Drugs is “no drugs, no problems”.So almost all of the efforts in the last few decades have been focused on eradicating the supply of drugs and incarcerating drug traffickers.But this ignores the most fundamental of market forces,supply and demand.If you reduce the supply of anything without reducing the demand first,its price goes up.

怎么会这样呢?毒品战争的核心战略是“没有毒品,就没有问题”。因此,在过去几十年里,几乎所有的努力都集中在根除毒品供应和监禁毒贩上。但这忽视了最基本的市场力量——供求关系。如果你减少任何物品的供给却没有首先减少它的需求,物品价格自然而然地就会上涨。

This might lower sales for many products,but not fur drugs.the drugs market is not price-sensitive.Drugs will be consumed no matter what they cost .So the effect is to encourage production of more drugs and recruitment of more traffickers, which increases availability.This is also known as the balloon effect: even if drug production or a major supply route is destroyed, the supply for the end user is not reduced..

这可能会降低许多产品的销量,但不会降低毒品的销量。毒品市场对价格不敏感,无论毒品的价格是多少,它都会被消费。因此,其效果是鼓励生产更多的毒品和招募更多的贩毒者,从而增加毒品的可获得性。这也称为气球效应:即使毒品生产或主要供应路线被破坏,但对最终吸毒者的供应不会减少。

A perfect example of this is crystal meth.The US Government tried to stop its production by strictly regulating the sale of chemical used to manufacture the drug.This forced big meth producers out of business,but the unintended consequences were that thousands of small-scale operations started all over the country, mostly in small towns and rural communities,using chemicals that weren’t regulated.

冰毒是个很好的例子。美国政府试图通过严格管制用于制造这种毒品的化学品销售来停止其生产。虽然这样迫使大型冰毒生产商倒闭,但意想不到的后果是成千上万的小规模生产商开始在全国各地行动,主要是在小城镇和农村社区,这些地方使用化学品不被管制。

In response to this, some US states wanted to reduce the supply of home-grown meth by regulating even more chemicals,which reduced small-scale meth production drastically.But the supply of meth still stayed the same.Mexican drug cartels immediately took over and opened big production operations.Their meth was even better than it was before,and they had lots of experience in smuggling.

对此,美国一些州想通过管制更多的化学品来减少本土冰毒的供应,这样确实大大减少了小规模冰毒的生产,但冰毒的供应仍然保持不变。墨西哥贩毒集团马上取代了这些小规模生产并且开始大规模的生产操作,他们的制造的冰毒质量比以前还要好,而且有更多的走私经验。

So all these efforts made meth production more professional,the drug more potent, while supply wasn't reduced at all.You can't win this war on the supply side.Not only are drugs widely available, demand unbroken,and some drugs purer than in the past, with a budget of around $30 billion,the US Drug Enforcement Agency has an efficiency rate of less than 1%,when it comes to stopping the flow of drugs into the US and inside the US.

所以,所有这些努力使冰毒生产更专业,效力更强烈,而供应根本没有减少。你不能在供应方面赢得这场战争。这场战争不仅使毒品随处可得,需求也未出现间断,而且使一些毒品的纯度比过去更高。美国缉毒署的预算约为300亿美元,但在阻止毒品流入美国以及美国国内禁毒方面,其效率不到1%。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


For many minors around the world, it’s as easy to get illegal drugs as alcohol.But it doesn't stop here.Prohibition may prevent a certain amount of people from taking drugs,but in the process it causes huge damage to society as a whole.Many of the problems we associate with drug use are actually caused by the war against them.

对于世界各地的许多未成年人来说,买毒品和买酒一样容易,甚至不止于此。禁毒可能会阻止一定数量的人吸毒,但在这个过程中却对整个社会造成了巨大的伤害 .我们与吸毒相关的许多问题实际上是由反对毒品的战争造成的。

For example, prohibition makes drugs stronger.The more potent drugs you can store in as little space as possible,the more profit you'll make.It was the same during alcohol prohibition,which led to an increased consumption of strong liquor over beer.The prohibition of drugs also led to more violence and murders around the world.Gangs and cartels have no access to the legal system to settle disputes,so they use violence.

例如,禁毒使毒品效力更强大。药效越强,储存所需的地方越小,获得的利润就越多。禁酒期间也是如此,禁酒导致烈酒的消费量超过啤酒。 禁毒也导致了世界范围内更多的暴力和谋杀。帮派和贩毒集团无法通过法律体系解决争端,因此他们只能使用暴力。

This led to an ever-increasing spiral of brutality.According to some estimates, the homicide rate in the US is 25–75% higher because of the War on Drugs.And in Mexico, the country on the frontline,an estimated 164,000 have been murdered between 2007 and 2014,more people than in the war zones of Afghanistan and Iraq in the same period, combined.

这导致了越来越多的暴行。据估计,由于毒品战争,美国的凶杀率高出 25-75%。而在前线国家墨西哥,2007 年至 2014 年间,估计有 164,000 人被谋杀,比同一时期阿富汗和伊拉克战区死亡的人数总和还要多。

But where the War on Drugs might do the most damage to society is the incarceration of non-violent drug offenders.For example, the United States,one of the driving forces of the War on Drugs,has 5% of the world's total population, but 25% of the world's prison population,largely due to the harsh punishments and mandatory minimums.Minorities suffer because of this especially.

但毒品战争对社会造成最大损害的地方是监禁非暴力毒品违法者。 例如,美国,毒品战争的推动力之一,拥有世界总人口的 5%,却占世界监狱总人数的 25%,主要是由于严厉的惩罚和强制性的最低刑期。少数族裔受害最重。

African Americans make up 40% of all US prison inmates.And while white kids are more likely to abuse drugs,black kids are 10 times more likely to get arrested for drug offenses.OK, but is there actually something different we could do?Is there a way out of this mess?In the 1980s, Switzerland experienced a public health crisis related to heroin use.

非裔美国人占美国监狱囚犯总数的 40%。虽然白人孩子滥用毒品的可能性更大,但黑人孩子因毒品犯罪被捕的可能性却是白人的10倍。那好,所以我们是不是还可以做些不同的事情? 还有其它的办法解决这个难题? 1980 年,瑞士经历了一场与使用海洛因有关的公共卫生危机。

HIV rates skyrocketed and street crime became a problem.Swiss authorities tried a new strategy: harm reduction.They opened free heroin maintenance centers,where addicts would be treated and stabilized.Here, people would be given free heroin of high quality,they would get clean needles and have access to safe injection rooms,showers, beds, and medical supervision.

艾滋病毒感染率飙升,街头犯罪成为一个问题。瑞士当局尝试了一种新策略:减少伤害。他们开设了免费的海洛因维护中心,在那里可以治疗和稳定吸毒者。在这里,人们将获得免费的高质量海洛因,他们将获得清洁针头,并可以使用安全的注射室、淋浴、床和医疗监督。

Social workers help them find housing and deal with other problems in their lives.The results were a sharp drop in drug-related crime and two thirds of the people in the centers got regular jobs,because now they could focus on getting better insetad of financing their addiction.Today, over 70% of all heroin addicts in Switzerland receive treatment.HIV infections have dropped drastically.

社会工作者帮助他们寻找住房并帮助他们解决生活中的其他问题。 结果是与毒品有关的犯罪急剧下降,在这个中心三分之二的人找到了固定工作,现在的他们可以专注于改善自己的生活,而不是想着找钱用来吸毒。今天,瑞士所有海洛因成瘾者中有 70% 以上接受了治疗,艾滋病毒感染率大幅下降。

Deaths from heroin overdoses have dropped by 50%.And drug-related street sex work and crime has been reduced enormously.
So there are methods that are not only way cheaper,but also actually work.After 40 years of fighting, it's time to finally end the War on Drugs and move on to something better.

因吸食海洛因过量致死的人数下降了 50%。与毒品有关的街头性工作和犯罪率大大减少。所以有些方法不仅便宜得多,而且确实有效。经过 40 年的斗争,是时候结束毒品战争并转向更好的选择了 .

评论翻译
This is how America deals with all its problems "I don't understand this, lets be hostile"

这就是美国处理所有问题的方式,“我不理解,但让我们充满敌意吧”

Western World : We're the land of the Free and give the most rights and are the most liberal culture in the world

西方世界:我们是自由之国,给予最多的权利,是世界上最自由的文化

But Switzerland has not narco traffic, that is not the solution for any country in the world

瑞士没有毒品交易,但这对世界上其它任何国家来说并不是解决办法

That was the system the UK had (still does), but drug use still increased regardless.

这是英国的制度(现在仍然如此),但不管怎样,毒品滥用仍在增加。

you're an idiot if you don't understand how systemized the American way is. you're one of those proud Americans who can’t see past the BS this country has been. How about you check this out my guy, consider that not everyone grew up in a non violent neighborhood like you. Wanna know why a lot of people get into crime? Because it's the life they've been accustomed to, but again it's your lack of understanding

如果你不明白美国的方法有多系统化,你就是个白痴。你是那些骄傲的美国人之一,看不到这个国家的过去。我的朋友,思考一下这个怎么样,考虑到不是每个人都像你一样在一个非暴力的社区长大。想知道为什么很多人会犯罪吗?因为这是他们习以为常的生活,但同样的你对这样的问题缺乏理解

actually we have hospitals that will help like that too. I personally know drug addicts. They often choose to stay on the drugs even though we have hospitals to help them ease out of it

事实上,我们有医院也会提供类似的帮助。我个人知道的吸毒者,即使有医院帮助他们缓解,他们仍然会选择继续吸食

Also, even if someone grew up in a bad neighborhood.. that doesn't make it okay to do crimes. That's a different problem.

此外,即使有人在一个糟糕的社区长大..这也并不意味着可以犯罪。那是一个不同的问题。

There are just as many drugs in prison as there are out of prison. They cost a lot more, but any drug you can get high on in freedom, you can can get it in confinement.

监狱里的毒品和监狱外的一样多。它们的价格要高得多,但是任何你可以在自由中得到的药物,你都可以监禁中得到。

You'd have to give me numbers and studies on whether or not how easy it is to get drugs in prisons. I know people that have gone are addicted and said they couldn't get any, claimed prison is like rehab

你得给我一些数据和研究来证明在监狱里得到毒品是否是容易的。我知道一些已经上瘾的人,他们说他们什么也买不到,声称监狱就像戒毒所

I don’t need to bring up any evidence because my life is completely different from others. You're an idiot because we have a nation of billions of people who have grew up differently, apparently you're too blind to see that though so why would I need evidence? You're just disagreeing because you hate how accurate my point is

我不需要拿出任何证据,因为我的生活完全不同于其他人。你是个白痴,因为我们的国家有数十亿人,每个人成长的方式不同,显然你太盲目了,看不到这一点,所以我为什么需要证据?因为你讨厌我的观点是有多准确,只是不同意它而已

America really said "Hey drugs can ruin your life! So we're going to charge you with a felony that ruins your life to stop you from ruining your life!"

美国真的说过“嘿,毒品会毁了你的生活!所以我们要以破坏你生活的重罪起诉你,以阻止你破坏自己的生活!”
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


The easiest way to stop piracy is not by putting antipiracy technology to work. It's by giving those people a service that's better than what they're receiving from the pirates. -Gabe Newell, president of Valve

阻止盗版最简单的方法不是让反盗版技术发挥作用。而是通过给这些人提供比他们从盗版者那里得到更好的服务。-维尔福集团总裁加布·纽维尔

Genuinely one of the best educational videos i have watched on this channel. Your explanation of the market forces behind drug supply/demand really made it clear how attacking drug suppliers is an essentially unwinable battle which does little but promote further violence and illegality.

真的是我在这个频道上看过的最好的教育视频之一。你对毒品供求背后的市场力量的解释确实清楚地表明,打击毒品供应商在本质上是一场不明智的战斗,只会进一步助长暴力和非法行为。

Punishing drug users by throwing them in prison while destroying their future makes no sense. They need help, and they're not gonna find it by being locked up with criminals, and when they get out they are gonna have a hard time getting a job or even a appartment cuse of being convicted in the past. Thats what makes people poor and homeless.

把吸毒者关进监狱来惩罚他们,同时毁掉他们的未来,这是毫无意义的。他们需要帮助,但将他们和罪犯关在一起是找不到帮助的。当他们出狱后,因为过去被定过罪,所以他们很难找到一份工作甚至一间公寓,这就是人们贫穷和无家可归的原因。

We should be preventing people from abusing drugs by examining why people take drugs.

我们应该通过检查人们为什么吸毒来防止人们滥用毒品。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Sure people are gonna take drugs and they always have, as long as drugs existed. But what we should do is try to not make them, instead of throwing them in prison with fellow users. Seriously that is not helping them one bit.

当然,只要毒品存在,人们就会吸毒,而且一直如此。但是我们应该做的是尽量不要制造毒品,而不是把吸毒者和其他罪犯一起扔进监狱。说真的,这对他们一点帮助都没有。

it is not legal to use drugs in the netherlands the penalty is just less harsh and it is treated as a health problem not a crime problem,maybe there is an understanding that making something illegal that people want will not end the fucking problem but create more problems like increased crime and hopelessness

在荷兰使用毒品是不合法的,但处罚没有那么严厉,它被视为健康问题而不是犯罪问题,也许有一种方式可以理解,让人们想要的东西成为非法不会结束这个该死的问题,而是会造成更多的问题,比如增加犯罪和绝望

while we may have different views we still agree that drugs are bad, so instead of targeting the addicts by putting them in jail put the dealers in jail instead, the people who just want to make money out of suffering

虽然我们可能有不同的观点,但我们仍然同意毒品是有害的,所以与其把吸毒者关进监狱,不如把毒品贩子关进监狱,那些只想从别人痛苦中赚钱的人

Of course, they don't care what they do to themselves they are so badly depressed. by my mother being a nurse I know lots of people who cause self-harm these people do it because they are depressed.

当然,他们不在乎他们对自己做了什么,他们非常绝望。由于我母亲是一名护士,所以我知道很多人会自残,这些人这样做就是因为他们绝望。

thanks for confriming my point, when you aare depressed you are allowed to seek others help right? so we should at least try to help em through thheir tough time.

谢谢你支持我的观点,当你绝望的时候,你可以向别人寻求帮助,对吗?所以我们至少应该帮助他们渡过难关。

They should get help if it's voluntary. It's a person's choice in the end.

如果是自愿的,他们应该得到帮助。最终还是一个人的选择。

I feel our prison system as a whole is just terrible. It's punishment for their crimes but in reality once you get incarcerated your life is over. Who is going to hire you after that? You're just gonna be stuck in some dead end job.

我觉得我们整个监禁体系太糟糕了。这是对他们罪行的惩罚,但实际上一旦你被监禁,你的生活就结束了。在那之后谁会雇佣你?你只会陷入一个死胡同。

There are some evil people out there in the world but wouldn't it be better to attempt to reform these people rather than simply punish them then send them back out into society? Prison should be redone imo and be focused on rehabilitation.

世界上有一些邪恶的人,其简单地惩罚他们,然后把他们送回社会,但尝试改造这些人不是更好吗?与监狱应该重新建设,重点是改造。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


You say "junkies don't deserve anything but punishment" without giving any obxtive reasons why

你说“瘾君子除了惩罚什么都不配”,却没有给出任何客观的理由

Or if someone could've overdosed some medicine because they didn't know, or maybe they were given by strangers and weren't aware about it.

或者有人可能因为不知道而过量服用药物,或者可能是陌生人给的药,而自己并不知道。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


the people should know by now that your actions have consequences. Everyone knows how drugs are dangerous and a risk not only to your life, but the ones around you. So, if the drug user doesn’t care about his own safety and future, and those of their loved ones, why would we as society do?

人们应该知道自己的行为会有怎样的后果。每个人都知道毒品有多危险,不仅会危及你的生命,也会危及你周围的人。那么,如果吸毒者不关心自己和亲人的安全和未来,我们作为社会为什么要这样做呢?
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Well my life is not a paradise, but i always knows that drugs will only bring destruction. In society drugs are not allowed.

我的生活不是天堂,我一直知道毒品只会带来毁灭。在社会上,毒品是不允许的。

You're not convincing anyone other than those who were already convinced.

除了那些已经被说服的人,你没有说服任何人。

The rest of my life is controlled by the people around me, I have no control over almost my entire life, I honestly don't believe that u truly know how that feels, how it breaks a person down, until they feel like nothing, less than an insect, this makes people do crazy things, jus to get a sense of control in their otherwise meaningless life, u don't act rationally in this situation or think about it logically, it is a purely animal instinct that comes out in EVERY human, as we're also animals, doing drugs is an example of this

我的余生被我周围的人所控制,而我自己几乎无法控制我的整个生活,老实说,我不相信你真的知道那是什么感觉,它是如何让一个人崩溃,直到他们觉得自己什么都不是,甚至不如一只昆虫,这让人们做疯狂的事情,只是为了在他们本来毫无意义的生活中获得一种控制感,你在这种情况下不理智地行动或逻辑地思考它,这是每个人都有的纯粹的动物本能,因为我们也是动物,吸毒就是一个例子

I don't know what delusional fantasy world you live in but in the real world nobody thinks of drugs as being cool.

我不知道你生活在一个什么样的幻想世界,但是在现实世界中,没有人认为吸毒很酷。

Your method for dealing with the drug problem has been done time and time again, and it has failed every single time because it ignores the reason why people would do drugs.

处理毒品问题的方法已经做了一次又一次,每次都失败了,因为它忽略了人们为什么会吸毒的原因。

No, it's a well thought out position backed by empirical evidence. The opposite of the US drug policy basically. Just calling something a fallacy doesn't make it one.

不,这是一个有经验证据支持的深思熟虑的立场。基本上与美国毒品政策相反。仅仅称某件事为谬论并不意味着它就是谬论。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Except when you can plainly see the passing of policy that will affect one group more than another and you can also see it happening over and over.

除非你能清楚地看到政策的通过对一个群体的影响大于对另一个群体的影响,你也能看到它一次又一次地发生。

Secondly, okay, not policies....laws . Certain laws that are passed do indeed affect a group of people more than others.

其次,好吧,不是政策....而是法律。通过的某些法律确实对一群人的影响比其他人更大。

As a fact, regardless of race, if you're living in poverty, you are more likely to use drugs. Instead of trying to help poor communities with public health efforts, the government decides to criminalize drug use...knowing that it would mostly impact poor Black communities.

事实上,不论种族,如果你生活在贫困中,你更有可能吸毒。政府决定将吸毒定为犯罪,而不是试图通过公共卫生努力来帮助贫困社区...知道这将主要影响贫穷的黑人社区。

Sure they could destroy their life but they need to be teached a lesson so thier own mistakes can be corrected . is them so if they got out they can start fresh and live a better life and work hard so this time they wont do it again anyways. thats thier choice to made..

当然,他们可以毁掉自己的生活,并且需要得到一个教训,这样才能改正自己的错误。如果他们就这样离开并重新开始,过更好的生活,努力工作,那这次他们是不是就不会再犯同样的错误。但最终这是他们自己的选择…
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A lot of people use drugs for a lot of reason depression, fun, homeless, poor, etc .the problem is there mutiple problem that could cause drug problems like people in poverty poor, unemployment, homelessness and so on ,we need to fix the big problem first that cause people to use,it also treat the drug problem as a health issue like people who take drugs go to rehab or people that go out the prison could get a job or home, i know that this is not that good but even we just punish them it will just make the problem worse and create more problems

诸多人吸毒的原因有很多,抑郁,娱乐,无家可归,贫穷等问题。有很多问题都可能导致吸毒比如贫穷,失业,无家可归等等,我们首先需要解决造成人们吸毒的大问题,把毒品问题作为一个健康问题,就像吸毒的人去康复中心或从监狱出去的人可以得到一份工作或者回家,我知道这不是很好,但就惩罚他们只会让问题变得更糟,并且创造更多的问题

well fine at least i give some advice how we should handle the problem

好吧,至少我给了一些我们应该如何处理这个问题的建议

I did read the whole thread. I wouldnt comment if I hadn't. It was painful. Please reconsider your entire existence before making comments about how drug users are worthless scum. There are plenty of normal, functioning members of society who take drugs for a kultitude of reasons.

我确实读了整篇文章。如果我没有,我不会发表评论。很痛苦。在评论吸毒者是毫无价值的人渣之前,请重新考虑你的整个存在。有很多正常的、有作用的社会成员因为各种各样的原因而吸毒。

Drugs are not a crime, they are a health issue. Trying to threaten people with jail time will not stop anyone. Trying to convince them that drugs are bad for their health and that they need professional help to get rid of their addiction, will work exponentially better.

毒品不是犯罪,而是健康问题。试图用坐牢来威胁人们不会阻止任何人。试图让他们相信毒品对他们的健康有害,他们需要专业的帮助来摆脱毒瘾,将会取得指数级的进步。

You're indeed right that they are fucking stupid to consume drugs. But putting them in jail doesn't solve anything. Also, you previously said that it will only cause more drug use. This is most likely not the case.

你说得对,他们吸毒真是太蠢了。但把他们关进监狱解决不了任何问题。还有,你之前说这只会导致更多的毒品使用。事实很可能并非如此。

Since it worked in Norway. But I'm not going to rule out the possibility of that being the case. BUT! It will significantly drop the murder rate and the rate of other crimes that happen because of drugs being made and sold illegally.Last thing, I hope I will receive an actual response instead of just calling me a normie. Thanks.

因为它在挪威起了作用。但我不打算排除这种可能性。但是!它将显著降低谋杀率和其它因非法制造和销售毒品而发生的犯罪率。最后,我希望我能得到一个真正的回应,而不是仅仅称我为随大流的人。谢谢。

Laws exist ,so things are done less as they are seen as bad. They want to change the number of times it is done. If the punishment doesn't change the number of times something is done it's a useless law.

法律的存在就是当事情被认为是坏事的时候,人们就会少做这些事情。他们想要改变做这件事情的次数。如果惩罚不能改变做某件事的次数,这就是一条无用的法律。

laws for bad and harmful things like murder and robbery are things that need to be punished so people don't do them. That works for those things, because murdering isn't an addiction. Punishing drugs is stupid because its an addiction so its not gonna stop people from using them.

法律对于坏的和有害的事情,如谋杀和抢劫,是需要受到惩罚的事情,这样人们就不会去做。这招很管用,因为谋杀不上瘾。惩罚吸毒是愚蠢的,因为它会上瘾,所以法律不能阻止人们继续吸毒。

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