研究发现,肉类占食品加工产生的温室气体总量的近60%
2021-09-16 moyuman 12422
正文翻译

A single kilo of beef creates 70kg of emissions. This feedlot in Colorado can hold 98,000 cattle.

每生产一公斤牛肉产生70公斤的废气。科罗拉多州的这个养殖场可以饲养98000头牛。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


The global production of food is responsible for a third of all planet-heating gases emitted by human activity, with the use of animals for meat causing twice the pollution of producing plant-based foods, a major new study has found.

一项新研究发现,人类活动排放的三分之一的温室气体是由全球食品生产造成的,动物肉制品生产造成的污染是生产植物食品的两倍。

The entire system of food production, such as the use of farming machinery, spraying of fertilizer and transportation of products, causes 17.3bn metric tonnes of greenhouse gases a year, according to the research. This enormous release of gases that fuel the climate crisis is more than double the entire emissions of the US and represents 35% of all global emissions, researchers said.

根据这项研究显示,整个食品生产系统,如农业机械的使用、化肥的喷洒和产品的运输,每年将造成173亿吨温室气体。研究人员说,全球变暖元凶之一的这些气体排放量是美国每年温室气体总排放量的两倍多,占全球总排放量的35%。

“The emissions are at the higher end of what we expected, it was a little bit of a surprise,” said Atul Jain, a climate scientist at the University of Illinois and co-author of the paper, published in Nature Food. “This study shows the entire cycle of the food production system, and policymakers may want to use the results to think about how to control greenhouse gas emissions.”

“排放量在我们预期的更高的水平上,这有点令人吃惊,”伊利诺伊大学的气候科学家和在《自然食品》发表论文的共同作者之一Atul Jain说。“这项研究显示了食品生产系统的整个周期,政策制定者者可能有望借此利用研究结果好好考虑如何控制温室气体排放。”

The raising and culling of animals for food is far worse for the climate than growing and processing fruits and vegetables for people to eat, the research found, confirming previous findings on the outsized impact that meat production, particularly beef, has on the environment.

研究发现,饲养和宰杀动物作为食物对气候的影响远比种植和加工供人食用的水果和蔬菜糟糕,这证实了先前关于肉类生产,特别是牛肉生产对环境的巨大影响的研究结果。

The use of cows, pigs and other animals for food, as well as livestock feed, is responsible for 57% of all food production emissions, the research found, with 29% coming from the cultivation of plant-based foods. The rest comes from other uses of land, such as for cotton or rubber. Beef alone accounts for a quarter of emissions produced by raising and growing food.

研究发现,使用牛、猪和其他动物作为食物以及这些牲畜所需饲料,占所有食品生产排放的57%,而来自植物食品种植产生的排放只占29%。其余部分来自土地的其他用途,如种植棉花或橡胶。单是牛肉生产加工就占了饲养和种植食品产生的总排放量的四分之一。

Grazing animals require a lot of land, which is often cleared through the felling of forests, as well as vast tracts of additional land to grow their feed. The paper calculates that the majority of all the world’s cropland is used to feed livestock, rather than people. Livestock also produce large quantities of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas.

放牧动物需要大量的土地,这些土地通常通过砍伐森林清理出来,还需要大量额外的土地来种植它们的饲料。该报告计算出,世界上大部分农田用于饲养牲畜,而不是用来喂饱人类。牲畜也会产生大量的甲烷,这是一种重度的温室气体。

“All of these things combined means that the emissions are very high,” said Xiaoming Xu, another University of Illinois researcher and the lead author of the paper. “To produce more meat you need to feed the animals more, which then generates more emissions. You need more biomass to feed animals in order to get the same amount of calories. It isn’t very efficient.”

“所有这些结合在一起意味着排放量非常高,”另一位伊利诺伊大学的研究员和该论文的主要作者Xiaoming Xu说。“为了生产更多的肉,你需要给动物生产更多的食物,这会产生更多的排放。你需要更多的总量来喂养动物,同时产生相同数量的热量。这不是一种有效的生产方式。”

The difference in emissions between meat and plant production is stark – to produce 1kg of wheat, 2.5kg of greenhouse gases are emitted. A single kilo of beef, meanwhile, creates 70kg of emissions. The researchers said that societies should be aware of this significant discrepancy when addressing the climate crisis.

肉类生产和植物生产之间的排放差异是巨大的——生产1公斤小麦,排放2.5公斤温室气体。同时,一公斤牛肉产生70公斤的温室气体。研究人员说,在应对气候危机时,社会应该意识到这一重大差异。

“I’m a strict vegetarian and part of the motivation for this study was to find out my own carbon footprint, but it’s not our intention to force people to change their diets,” said Jain. “A lot of this comes down to personal choice. You can’t just impose your views on others. But if people are concerned about climate change, they should seriously consider changing their dietary habits.”

Jain说:“我是一个严格的素食主义者,这项研究的部分动机是发现我自身的碳排放足迹,但我们无意强迫人们改变饮食”,“这取决于个人的选择。你不能把你的观点强加给别人。但是如果人们关心气候变化,他们应该认真考虑改变他们的饮食习惯。”

The researchers built a database that provided a consistent emissions profile of 171 crops and 16 animal products, drawing data from more than 200 countries. They found that South America is the region with the largest share of animal-based food emissions, followed by south and south-east Asia and then China. Food-related emissions have grown rapidly in China and India as increasing wealth and cultural changes have led more younger people in these countries to adopt meat-based diets.

研究人员建立了一个数据库,收集了200多个国家的数据,提供了171种作物和16种动物产品的碳排放概况。他们发现,南美洲是动物性食品排放量最大的地区,其次是南亚和东南亚,然后是中国。在中国和印度,随着财富的增加和文化的改变,越来越多的年轻人开始食用肉类饮食,与肉类食品相关的排放量迅速增加。

The paper’s calculations of the climate impact of meat is higher than previous estimates – the UN’s Food and Agricultural Organization has said about 14% of all emissions come from meat and diary production. The climate crisis is also itself a cause of hunger, with a recent study finding that a third of global food production will be at risk by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise at their current rate.

该论文对肉类之于气候影响的计算结果高于此前的估值——联合国粮农组织表示,约14%的排放来自肉类和乳制品生产。气候危机本身也是导致饥荒的原因,最近的一项研究发现,如果温室气体排放量继续以目前的速度增长,到本世纪末,全球三分之一的粮食生产将面临风险。

Scientists have consistently stressed that if dangerous global heating is to be avoided, a major rethink of eating habits and farming practices is required. Meat production has now expanded to the point that there are now approximately three chickens for every human on the planet.

科学家们一直强调,如果要避免危险的全球变暖,就需要对饮食习惯和耕作方式进行重大反思。肉类生产现在已经扩大到地球上人均三只鸡(笑了)。

Lewis Ziska, a plant physiologist at Columbia University who was not involved in the research said the paper is a “damn good study” that should be given “due attention” at the upcoming UN climate talks in Scotland.

哥伦比亚大学的植物学家Lewis Ziska没有参与这项研究。但他指出,这篇论文是一项“非常好的研究”,应该在即将在苏格兰举行的联合国气候会议上给予“应有的重视”。

“A fundamental unknown in global agriculture is its impact on greenhouse gas emissions,” Ziska said. “While previous estimates have been made, this effort represents a gold standard that will serve as an essential reference in the years to come.”

Ziska说:“全球农业的一个未知因素是它对温室气体排放的影响”。“虽然此前已经做出了估算,但这一努力代表一个黄金标准,在未来几年将成为重要的参考。”

评论翻译
sillypicture
And how much does food production account for global CO2 release?

而粮食生产占全球二氧化碳排放的多少呢?

ThreeQueensReading
https://ourworldindata.org/food-ghg-emissions
26% total. Plenty of data to drill down into however.

总共占26%。然而,还有大量数据需要深入研究。

MarxistGayWitch_II
So, 15.6% of total emissions are just because we eat/produce meat?

那么,15.6%的总排放量仅仅是因为我们食用/生产肉类?

ThreeQueensReading
That's just raw emissions. It doesn't count the lost stored carbon from land lost to animal agriculture. Cows need a lot of space, and when that space was previously forested/tree heavy then turned into pasture, a lot of carbon is lost to the atmosphere.

这只是净排放。它不计算因畜牧业而占用的土地所产生的碳排放。养殖奶牛需要大量的土地,当这些土地以前被森林/树木覆盖,然后被砍伐变成牧场时,大量的碳会流失到大气中。

cnnrduncan
Also doesn't factor in stuff like how much of the Amazon is being burned down to make room for more cows, or the impact animal ag has on pandemic creation and antibiotic resistant bacteria, or the various toxic chemicals that the industry releases that don't cause climate change but still damage humans and the environment.

此外,还没有考虑到亚马逊地区有多少土地被烧毁以腾出空间饲养更多的奶牛,或者肉类生产对疫情和动物细菌的影响,或者可能该行业释放的各种有毒化学物质不会导致气候变化,但仍会损害人类和环境?

whomovedmycheez
So can I keep my V8 if I go vegetarian?

如果我改吃素,我还能摄入V8吗?

cnnrduncan
No, vegetarians still pay for cows to be bred. Also, we need to reduce/get rid of both to avoid catastrophic climate change

不,素食者仍然要为饲养奶牛负责。此外,我们需要减少/消除所有这两者,以避免灾难性的气候变化

NeedaSaviorHere
Not to mention that all of these animals gotta eat and so a very large portion of the emissions from growing food also are tied to animal agriculture.

更不用说所有这些动物都必须进食,因此,种植动物饲料所产生排放的很大一部分也与动物农业有关。

Biturix
ourworldindata shows meat productions accounts for 31% of their food sector, so 7.8% total

ourworldindata显示,肉类生产占其食品生产一栏的31%,因此占排放总数的7.8%

MarxistGayWitch_II
Your data is older though, mind you, and I'm considering it based on the new findings.

你的数据比较旧了,提醒你一下,我正在根据新的研究发现来估算结果。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Biturix
the data is newer by 8 years, actually. the study is older by 2.
if you look into OP's study, their findings are: 21% agri sector emissions are livestock directly, and 15% is from grazing, 36% total, which corresponds more closely to ourworldindata's 31%. i don't know where "nearly 60%" is coming from in the article.

事实上,数据更新了8年。而这项研究比它还旧2年。
如果你看看OP的研究,他们的发现是:21%的农业排放直接来自牲畜,15%间接来自畜牧,总排放量为36%,这与ourworldindata的31%更接近。我不知道文章中的“近60%”是从哪里来的。

squee_goblin_nabob
https://ourworldindata.org/food-ghg-emissions
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions
Or less than half of 26%

或连26%的一半都不到

ThreeQueensReading
The second lix is US specific. It doesn't account for the other major animal food producers. China, Brazil, Russia, India, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand and Germany should be counted as a minimum when trying to paint a broader picture.

第二条链接单独指向美国的。它没有考虑到其他主要的动物食品生产商。如中国、巴西、俄罗斯、印度、阿根廷、澳大利亚、新西兰和德国。

knowyourbrain
The overall estimate for food production in this study is 35%. The overall estimate for meat is 20% (a number they left out of the article but .57 x 35%). These are higher than previous estimates, which is the reason it's in the news I'd guess.

本研究中对食品生产的总体估计为35%。肉类的总体估计为20%(这是他们在文章中遗漏的数字,0.57 x 35%)。这比之前的估计要高,这就是我猜新闻中出现这一点的原因。

gravityandlove
end factory farming.

把工厂关了吧。

ItchySnitch
Just stop factory farming’s lobbying against lab meat. Then this bullshit would be solved along with myriad of progress in bioengineering

停止农场主们对合成肉类的抗拒。然后,随着生物工程研究的进步,所有这些狗屎将被彻底解决

fairvlad
I honestly don't know if the 8 billion people living on earth can currently be fed sustainably. I agree with you in spirit and think there should be an effort to find solutions.

我真的不知道地球上的80亿人是不是吃的都是可持续发展的食物。我个人同意你的看法,我认为应该努力找到解决办法。

Odd_nonposter
Plant-based diets take much less land, even cropland, and produce far fewer emissions than diets with animal products.
Yet suggest people stop eating meat, or worse, utter a certain word starting with"V" on here and you are murdered for bringing up the idea.

以植物为基础的饮食占用的土地更少,甚至所需农田更少,产生的排放量也远低于以动物产品为基础的饮食。
然而,建议人们停止吃肉,或者更糟糕的是,说出一个以“V”开头的单词(vegetarian素食主义者),你就会因为提出这个想法而被谋杀。

Boreras
To be fair the most effective use of land is some meat, not no meat. There's land that's not useful for crops, part of byproduct can be used for farm animals etc. (Based on Wageningen University's Prof. de Boer's research, IIRC a third of protein intake would be animal based.)

公平地说,土地的最有效利用方式是一部分用来生产肉,而不是完全不生产肉。有些土地不适合种植作物,部分副产品可用于饲养家畜等(根据瓦赫宁根大学de Boer教授的研究,如果我没记错的话,人体所需三分之一的蛋白质通过动物制品摄入。)

dislexi
What do you feed the animals with? The food they eat needs land to grow.

你用什么喂动物?他们吃的食物需要土地来种植。

MarxistGayWitch_II
Being vegan does not have that big of an impact against climate change. I mean, sure these factors/multipliers seem huge, but overall leaving coal and oil will have the biggest positive impact against climate change. Changing our diets is not as pressing/important as finding ways to be less energy demanding and produce energy in other ways than burning oil/coal.
That being said, I wouldn't mind slapping VAT on products that stress the environment more (this could even be vegan products, since intercontinental transport adds CO2 emissions), but in practice this would be a nightmare and hurts the poor the most.

素食主义者对气候变化没有那么大的影响。我的意思是,当然这些因素/乘数看起来很大,但总体而言,离开煤炭和石油将才是对气候变化产生最大的积极影响。改变我们的饮食并没有比燃烧石油/煤炭更节省能源或者比找到其他方式生产能源更紧迫/重要。
话虽如此,我并不介意对那些更影响环境的产品征收增值税(这甚至可能是纯素产品,因为洲际运输增加了二氧化碳排放),但实际上这将是一场噩梦,对穷人的伤害最大。

missblimah
It's production that creates the bulk of emissions, not transport. Having a beef heavy diet will always be more environmentally damaging than a vegan diet, even if the meat eater only ate local beef and the vegan only ate avocados from the other side of the world. https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local
For most foods – and particularly the largest emitters – most GHG emissions result from land use change (shown in green), and from processes at the farm stage (brown). Farm-stage emissions include processes such as the application of fertilizers – both organic (“manure management”) and synthetic; and enteric fermentation (the production of methane in the stomachs of cattle). Combined, land use and farm-stage emissions account for more than 80% of the footprint for most foods.
Transport is a small contributor to emissions. For most food products, it accounts for less than 10%, and it’s much smaller for the largest GHG emitters. In beef from beef herds, it’s 0.5%.

制造大量排放的是生产过程,而不是运输。即使肉食者只吃本地牛肉,而素食者只吃来自世界另一端的牛油果,吃大量牛肉的饮食方式总是比纯素饮食对环境的破坏更大。
对于大多数食品来说——特别是对肉类——大多数温室气体排放源于土地利用的变化和农场阶段的过程。农场阶段的排放包括施用有机(“大便”)和合成肥料等过程;肠内发酵(牛胃里产生甲烷)。土地使用和农场阶段的排放加起来占大多数食品碳排放足迹的80%以上。
交通运输只是碳排放的一个小因素。对于大多数食品来说,它所占的比例不到10%,而对于最大的温室气体排放国来说,这一比例要小得多。从牛群身上生产牛肉,这一比例仅为0.5%。

Goldscammaster
It's not economical.
Not all land can grow profitable crop. But they can grow grass. Cows can eat grass.
Also, a large % of food production every year is deemed unfit for human consumption. But animals can eat it.
Thank God for animal farming so producers have a market for product.

这不经济。
并非所有的土地都能种植有利可图的作物。但是他们可以种草。牛可以吃草。
此外,每年有很大一部分粮食生产被认为不适合人类食用。但是动物可以吃它。
感谢上帝,动物养殖业让这些生产者有了养家糊口的办法。

dislexi
How much of a % of that food production is done on land that could produce food. How about instead of growing grass we grow something that captures more carbon while reducing the methane emissions by stopping breeding of cattle.

有多少粮食生产是在能够生产粮食的土地上进行的?与其种草,不如种些能吸收更多碳的东西,同时通过停止养牛来减少甲烷排放量。

很赞 0
收藏