为什么一些贫穷的非洲国家长期接受西方的“发展援助”但却越来越穷?为什么美国在世界各地拥有约1000个海外军事基地,但它仍然感到不安全?
2022-09-01 JOJOyu 13933
正文翻译




评论翻译
Why are some poor African countries receiving “development assistance” from the West for a long time, but only getting poorer?

为什么一些贫穷的非洲国家长期接受西方的“发展援助”但却越来越穷?


Mia Brown
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)
This is because the completely following the development model set by the West for the underdeveloped countries in Africa, only benefits the developed countries. The Western development model is harmful, even a trap: even if there are some short-term economic benefits, there must be a price tag behind them. Ghana is a good example.
Ghana was one of the least developed countries in Africa. At one time, Ghana was saddled with a foreign debt of $40 billion that would never be repaid and struggled to meet the annual interest payments. It is classified by the United Nations as one of the "heavily indebted poor countries".
But Ghana is also known as the "luckiest country" because it has been "guided" by the United States and Britain and received huge funding to go directly from extreme poverty to a developing country.

这是因为完全照搬西方为非洲不发达国家设定的发展模式只会让发达国家受益。西方的发展模式是有害的,甚至是一个陷阱:即使存在一些短期的经济利益,背后也一定会付出代价。加纳就是一个很好的例子。
加纳是非洲最不发达国家之一。加纳曾一度背负着永远无法偿还的400亿美元的外债,并且难以支付年度利息,它被联合国列为“重债穷国”之一。
但加纳也被称为“最幸运的国家”,因为它一直受到美国和英国的“指导”,并获得了巨额资金,可以直接从极端贫困国家变成发展中国家。

In December 1982, under Jerry Rawlings, president of Ghana, the country underwent a radical shift in economic management. It abandoned attempts by successive Ghanaian leaders, including President Rawlings himself, to build socialism, reduce financial dependence on the West, restrict foreign imports to encourage local industry, and impose state control on the prices of many goods.
It was an important turning point for Ghana, which opened the door to the Western-dominated international economic system.
By the late 1980s, Ghana was receiving more than $700 million a year in "development assistance." The vast majority of this money comes from wealthy Western countries and institutions. Thanks to the aid, Ghana has become a success story: with per capita income rising from about $258 in 2000 to about $2,400 today. At the same time, Ghana's share of people living in extreme poverty has fallen rapidly.
But as I said at the beginning, Western-funded "success stories" must have a price tag. This price is mainly reflected in two aspects: extremely low economic benefits, severely damaged ecological environment.

1982年12月,在加纳总统杰里·罗林斯(Jerry Rawlings)的领导下,该国经济管理方式发生了根本性的变化。它放弃了包括罗林斯总统本人在内的历任加纳领导人建设社会主义、减少对西方的金融依赖、限制外国进口以鼓励当地工业以及对许多商品的价格实行国家控制的尝试。
这是加纳的一个重要转折点,为西方主导的国际经济体系打开了大门。
到20世纪80年代末,加纳每年收到超过7亿美元的“发展援助”,其中绝大多数来自富裕的西方国家和机构。多亏了这些援助,加纳已经成为一个成功的例子:人均收入从2000年的258美元上升到现在的2400美元。与此同时,加纳生活在极端贫困中的人口的比例迅速下降。
但正如我一开始所说,西方资助的“成功故事”必然会有代价。这一代价主要体现在两个方面:经济效益极低,生态环境破坏严重。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


There are mainly 3 types of Western aid to Africa:
1. Humanitarian emergency assistance, such as drought, earthquake and other natural disasters;
2. Long-term assistance from charitable organizations, such as AIDS and education;
3. Low-interest large-scale loans provided to Africa by governments and international organizations (often with political conditions attached).
And this third one is where the danger lies. International economic game is manipulated by & beneficial to rich countries, the most prosperous nation will continue benefit from the weakest countries (mainly in Africa) for its demand for fuel, mineral and commodity, and this led to environmental damage and predatory economic behavior, it is rich countries will never support at home.

西方对非洲的援助主要有三种:
1. 人道主义紧急援助,如干旱、地震和其他自然灾害;
2. 艾滋病和教育等慈善组织的长期援助;
3. 政府和国际组织向非洲提供的低息大额贷款(通常附带政治条件)。
而第三个就是危险所在。国际经济的博弈是由富国操纵的,只对富国有利。最富裕的国家将继续因其对燃料、矿产和大宗商品的需求而从最弱的国家(主要是非洲)受益,这导致了环境破坏和掠夺性经济行为,这是富国在国内永远不会得到支持的。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Ghana has large resources of gold, diamonds and cocoa. But as a distant source of raw materials for the United States, Ghana may be trapped in not being able to move beyond the primary processing or low value-added stage, accompanied by an ecological crisis that the West has passed on. Ghana's plight is a microcosm of Africa's poor countries. The global chocolate industry is worth more than $150 billion, with West Africa supplying 70 percent of the world's cocoa beans but ultimately receiving less than $6 billion.
What Ghana and other African countries need is not a gift, but equal trade, investment and economic cooperation to develop a continent with vast resources and potential. Otherwise, the dominating and condescending attitude of Western countries to aid Africa will not only not improve the lives of African people, but also leave African society almost stuck in the status quo of no development and even trapped in the trap of relying on foreign aid.

加纳拥有大量的黄金、钻石和可可资源。但作为美国遥远的原材料来源地,伴随着西方已经传递的生态危机,加纳可能无法超越初级加工或低附加值阶段。加纳的困境是非洲穷国的缩影,全球巧克力产业的价值超过1500亿美元,西非供应了世界70%的可可豆,但最终只得到不到60亿美元。
加纳和其他非洲国家需要的不是礼物,而是平等的贸易、投资和经济合作,以发展一个拥有巨大资源和潜力的大陆。否则,西方国家援助非洲的主导性和居高临下的态度不仅不会改善非洲人民的生活,还会让非洲社会陷入几乎没有发展的现状,甚至陷入依赖外国援助的陷阱。

============
Why did Indian soldiers invade Chinese territory at a place where there has been no dispute between India and China regarding territory since 1890?

为什么印度士兵要在1890年以来中印两国就没有领土争端的地方入侵中国领土?

Mia Brown
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)
That's because India has nothing to do and learned the trick of the US "thieves call to catch thieves".
Facing the Sino-Indian boundary issue, China has always discussed and resolved this issue in a friendly and peaceful manner. However, India is obviously not appreciative, and even blatantly crossed the line to provoke. As a result, border personnel on both sides clashed with serious consequences. At the beginning of this year, the two sides reached a consensus on the withdrawal of troops after negotiations. What is puzzling is that as the weather in the plateau area warms up, India has repeatedly provoked China's bottom line on the border , and propaganda at home and abroad with the false reason that China is the first to take the lead.

I think there is an idiom in China that can well explain India's repeated provocation and condemning China's behavior with unfounded reasons, which is called "贼喊捉贼". This idiom means: the thief calls others to catch the thief. It is a metaphor for bad people to deliberately create chaos, divert their targets, and call others bad people in order to escape for themselves.
这是因为印度无事生非并学会了美国的伎俩“贼喊捉贼”。
面对中印边界问题,中国一贯以友好与和平的方式讨论和解决这一问题。然而,印度显然并不领情,甚至公然越界挑衅。结果,双方边境人员发生冲突并造成了严重的后果。今年年初,双方经过谈判,就撤军问题达成了共识。但令人费解的是,随着高原地区的天气变暖,印度一再挑衅中国在边境问题上的底线,并用虚假的借口在国内外进行宣传,称是中国首先动手。
我认为中国有一个成语可以很好地解释印度一再挑衅和无端谴责中国的行为,这就是所谓的“贼喊捉贼”。这个成语的意思是:小偷叫别人来抓小偷。比喻坏人故意制造混乱,转移目标,称别人为坏人,以方便自己逃跑。

Indeed, this idiom is so fitting for India. China has always hoped to live in peace with India. Even if there is a territorial dispute, the two sides should communicate with each other and discuss and solve the problem together. However, India's repeated provocative behavior on the border can not help but make people suspect that it is a show for the United States, because India knows that the United States has never liked China. If India thinks that it has portrayed China as a competitive and provocative attitude on the border issue, it can show that its obedience to the United States. Secondly, India believes that if there is a conflict with China, the United States will definitely help India, so it dares to act recklessly.

However, this kind of behavior of "贼喊捉贼" will never solve the border issue between China and India, but will only add fuel to the fire. In the face of the truth, India can never cover up lies; in terms of military strength, China is not afraid of such provocations by India; in terms of morality, China's peaceful demeanor has created a good reputation in the world, India This kind of deceit can't fool people all over the world. Therefore, I advise India to give up the idea of relying on the United States to cheat on the border issue as soon as possible.
事实上,这个成语非常适合印度。中国一直希望与印度和平相处,即使存在领土争端,双方也应相互沟通,共同讨论和解决问题。然而,印度在边境上的一再挑衅不禁让人怀疑这是在表演给美国看,因为印度知道美国从未喜欢过中国。第二,印度认为,如果与中国发生冲突,美国肯定会帮助印度,因此它敢于鲁莽行事。
然而,这种“贼喊捉贼”的行为永远无法解决中印边界问题,只会火上浇油。面对真相,印度无法永远掩盖谎言;在军事实力方面,中国并不怕印度的挑衅;在道德方面,中国的和平行为在世界上创造了良好的声誉,印度这种欺骗行为无法欺骗全世界的人民。因此,再一次,我建议印度尽快放弃依靠美国在边境问题上作弊的想法。

==============
Why has the USA a lack of empathy for other countries? Now they provoke China. Do they want the whole world put into war?

为什么美国对其他国家缺乏同情心?现在他们挑衅中国,是想让全世界都陷入战争吗?

Mia Brown
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)
It's true, Americans want to provoke WW3 regardless of the safety of people all over the world.
Let me predict for you, at the time Pelosi's visit to Taiwan, the game between China and the United States on the Taiwan issue, and the possibility of future world development. Of course, it's just a prediction, I hope some people don't start cursing without thinking.
The first possibility, China and the United States each gave in one step.
After Pelosi's visit to Taiwan, without any other provocative actions, she will be escorted out of Taiwan by two countries, China and the United States. The United States withdrew its navy and air force from the waters of Taiwan, China has achieved normal patrol work in Taiwan, and the two countries are at peace with each other.

的确,美国人不顾全世界人民的安全,想挑起第三次世界大战。
让我为大家预测一下,佩洛西访台之时,中美在台湾问题上的博弈以及未来世界发展的可能性。当然,这只是一个预测,希望有些人不要不假思索就开始骂人。
第一种可能,中美各自让一步。
佩洛西访问台湾地区后,在没有任何其他挑衅行为的情况下,她将由中美两国护送出台湾地区。美国从台湾水域撤出海军和空军,中国在台湾地区实现正常的巡逻工作,中美两国和平相处。

The second possibility is that the United States has always been provocative in Taiwan, and China has recovered Taiwan by force.
China's military strength cannot be underestimated now. If the United States has always emphasized that "Taiwan is independent" and continued to provoke in the South China Sea and Taiwan waters, then China will fight back with force, and small-scale conflicts are inevitable in Taiwan. China has conducted all-round military exercises in Taiwan waters. It can be said that it is very simple for China to encircle Taiwan and recover Taiwan. If the United States has hesitated to act on the Taiwan issue at the time, then China will definitely regain Taiwan.

第二种可能是美国一直在台湾地区挑衅,中国以武力收复台湾地区。
中国现在的军事实力不容小觑。如果美国一直强调“台湾独立”,继续在南中国海和台湾水域挑衅,那么中国将以武力反击,小规模冲突不可避免。中国在台湾水域进行了全方位的军事演习,可以说,中国包围台湾地区、收复台湾地区是非常容易的。如果美国在台湾问题上迟疑不决,那么中国一定会收复台湾地区。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


The third possibility is that China and the United States go to war, and WW3 comes.
Whether it was the Taiwan Strait crisis in 1996 or now, China has always wanted to recover Taiwan, and this determination has given China absolutely no room for negotiation on the Taiwan issue. If the United States and China have a conflict over the Taiwan issue, China will definitely use force to carry it to the end.
If China starts a war with the United States, more countries will definitely be involved. The United States will definitely join forces with Japan, South Korea, India and the European unx to confront China, because many countries are led by the United States to a certain extent.

第三种可能性是中国和美国开战,第三次世界大战降临。
无论是1996年的台海危机还是现在,中国一直想收复台湾地区,这种决心让中国在台湾问题上绝对没有商量余地,如果美中在台湾问题上发生冲突,中方一定会用武力奉陪到底。
如果中国与美国开战,肯定会有更多的国家卷入其中。美国肯定会与日本、韩国、印度和欧盟联手对抗中国,因为这些国家在一定程度上是由美国领导的。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Then the situation of the Ukrainian war will change. The United States will definitely strengthen its strike against Russia and provide weapons support and strategic support to Ukraine, because Russia will definitely stand on the side of China.
Basically, the major powers in the world will be mobilized to join the war because of the conflict between China and the United States. With the advancement of nuclear weapons and high technology, this war will bring a devastating blow to the world and is likely to reshape human civilization.
If it is the third possibility, maybe in the next few days, the pattern of the world will be completely turned upside down. People all over the world will be plagued by war, and maybe we won't even live to see the end of the COVID-19. The root of everything is the United States provoking China, and future history books may record the fuse of WW3: the visit of Pelosi of the United States to Taiwan.

届时乌克兰战争的形势将会改变。美国一定会加强对俄罗斯的打击,向乌克兰提供武器支持和战略支持,因为俄罗斯一定会站在中国一边。
基本上,由于中美之间的冲突,世界主要大国将被动员起来参加战争。随着核武器和高技术的发展,这场战争将给世界带来毁灭性打击,并有可能重塑人类文明。
如果是第三种可能,也许在未来几天,世界格局将完全颠覆。全世界的人民都将被战争所困扰,也许我们甚至无法活着看到新冠肺炎的结束。一切的根源都在于美国挑衅中国,未来的历史书籍可能会记录下第三次世界大战的导火索:美国的佩洛西访问台湾地区。

============
With about 1,000 oversea military bases all over the world, the US still feel insecure themselves. Inciting and having endless wars far away from the US territory only can make the US feel some degree of secure. Why?

美国在世界各地拥有约1000个海外军事基地,但它仍然感到不安全。在远离美国领土的地方煽动和进行无休止的战争只能让美国感到某种程度的安全,为什么?

Mia Brown
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)20h
Because the United States really needs this false sense of security to sustain the status of American hegemony.
After World War II, the United States became the world's largest power, and since then, it has dreamed of global domination. The U.S. military presence around the world is, in the long run, a way to prepare for its future military domination of the world and gain a sense of security and the most important point is that U.S. is afraid that other countries will overtake it.

因为美国确实需要这种虚假的安全感来维持其霸权地位。
第二次世界大战后,美国成为世界第一强国,从那时起,它一直梦想着主宰全世界。从长远来看,美国在世界各地的军事存在是为其未来对世界的军事统治做准备并获得安全感的一种方式,最重要的一点是,美国担心其他国家会超越它。

There are four main reasons for the United States to gain a sense of security through garrisoning:
1. Extend U.S. influence and limit potential competitors.
The U.S. troops stationed overseas are generally stationed in countries that have close ties to the U.S. and are obedient to the U.S. This would extend U.S. influence to the garrison state and its neighbors. Although it protects and maintains regional peace in name, it often serves the purpose of restraining and influencing the country's decision-making. At the same time, it will form intimidation and restrictions on neighboring countries, and create an international political environment favorable to the United States.

美国通过驻军获得安全感有四个主要原因:
1. 扩大美国的影响力,限制潜在的竞争对手。
驻外美军一般驻扎在与美国关系密切、服从美国的国家,这会将美国的影响力扩大到驻军国及其邻国。它虽然名义上维护了地区和平,但往往也起到了约束和影响所在国家决策的目的。同时,也会对周边国家形成恐吓和限制,营造有利于美国的国际政治环境。

2. Preemptively occupy a strategic position to lay an advantage for future wars.
Generally speaking, it is necessary to choose the main transportation routes, the necessary places to pass through, and to facilitate the rapid occupation and control of vast areas and seas, such as the Strait of Malacca in Asia, the Suez Canal in Africa, and the Panama Canal in South America. By stationing troops in these places and forming a network of military power around the world, once a war occurs in the future, with these important positions, the battle will be multiplied with half the effort and the odds of winning will be greater.

2. 抢占战略要地,为未来的战争奠定优势。
一般而言,有必要选择主要的运输路线和必要的通行地点,便于快速占领和控制广大地区和海域,如亚洲的马六甲海峡、非洲的苏伊士运河和南美洲的巴拿马运河。通过在这些地方驻军并在世界各地形成军事力量网络,一旦未来发生战争,拥有这些重要的阵地,战斗将事半功倍,获胜的几率将更大。

3. It is convenient to quickly reach the war site and enhance the ability to deal with local wars.
By stationing troops around the world, no matter where a local war breaks out, especially a war related to U.S. interests, it can dispatch troops from the nearest place in the shortest time, greatly saving time and increasing the odds of winning.
4. Reduced the possibility of war in the continental United States.
In the global presence of troops, if a local war breaks out, the United States can solve the war through remote operation, which greatly reduces the threat of attack on the homeland. As long as the mainland is not attacked and the lives of the citizens are not threatened, the anti-war sentiment in the country will not be very high, and the government can insist on implementing the war plan.

3. 便于快速到达战场,提高应对局部战争的能力。
通过在世界各地驻军,无论局部战争(尤其是与美国利益相关的战争)在哪里爆发,它都可以在最短的时间内从最近的地方派遣部队,这大大节省了时间,增加了获胜的几率。
4. 降低美国本土发生战争的可能性。
在全球驻军的情况下,如果爆发局部战争,美国可以通过远程操作解决战争,这大大降低了对本土的威胁。只要美国大陆不受攻击,美国公民的生命不受威胁,其国内的反战情绪就不会很高,政府可以坚持实施战争计划。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


But in fact, the United States often uses the advantages of its garrison to provoke various countries to form internal conflicts by eavesdropping on secrets, and also uses this to carry out some despicable acts, such as stealing oil through Turkey.
The real strength of a country is not to show its power to the world, but to win the respect of the world with its self-confidence. The United States has created a series of interest chains in order to gain the sense of security of the American world hegemony, but I think this kind of behavior can only provide the United States with a sense of security, and cannot prevent other major powers from surpassing the United States in the fields of technology and economy.

但实际上,美国经常利用驻军优势,通过窃听机密来挑动各国内部的冲突,还借此进行一些卑鄙的行为,比如通过土耳其窃取石油等。
一个国家的真正力量不是向世界展示自己的力量,而是以自信赢得世界的尊重。美国为了获得世界霸权的安全感,制造了一系列利益链条,但我认为这种行为只能给美国带来安全感,并不能阻止其他大国在技术和经济领域超越美国。

很赞 2
收藏