网帖翻译

What are good ways to learn how to ride a motorcycle?

学习骑摩托车的好方法是什么?

Joonil Park
What are some important tips for riding a motorcycle for the first time?
Here is some concise advice regarding technique for getting started:
Stop with your front wheel straight. Students drop their bike when stopping because they aren’t squaring their bars when coming to a halt.
Rotate your head (keep shoulders square) BEFORE you change directions, look through your path of travel.
Don’t drag your feet, take a few steps to get going but then get them on the pegs ASAP once you’re moving fast enough to balance.
Don’t look down. You should’ve “felt” where the foot pegs/controls were without looking before you even started the engine.

第一次骑摩托车有哪些重要小窍门？
以下是一些关于入门技巧的简明建议：
前轮笔直停车。学生们在停车时把车摔了，因为他们在停车时没有摆正前轮。
在你改变方向之前，先转动你的头（保持肩膀垂直），看看你的前行路线。
不要拖着脚走，先走几步就可以了，但一旦你的移动速度足够快，可以保持平衡，就尽快把脚放在踏板上。
别往下看。你应该在启动发动机之前就“感觉”到脚踏板/控制装置的位置。
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Don’t baby the brakes once you’re a bit acquainted with them, brake with a bit of progressive force when stopping…crawling to a stop will make balance an issue and force you to walk with the bike.
Stalling out a lot? Thats ok, part of the learning process. Twist the throttle, feel it out, make it your friend, practice holding it at steady RPMs. Listen to the motor, if she gets too quiet she’s telling you she’s going to stall. Don’t let that happen, make it rev “louder.”
Don’t look down. Breath deep. Fear keeps you alive, but anxiety makes your hands shake. Pretend you’re relaxed and breath slow, your body/heartrate will be tricked into actually relaxing and it will be easier to concentrate.
Speed will help you, especially regarding balance. Most stuedents are white-knuckled (loosen your grip) thinking they’re going 60mph, but I’m still walking next to them.
Focus…. You can do this. Also, don’t look down.
Eyes: LOOK where you want to go.
Brain: THINK about what you’re doing with the clutch.
Ears: LISTEN to the motor so you don’t stall.
Muscles: LOOSEN up, don’t be tense, and breath.

一旦你有点熟悉刹车，就不要踩刹车，停车时用一点渐进的力量刹车，爬行到停车处会使平衡成为问题，迫使你与车同行。
经常拖延？没关系，这是学习过程的一部分。拧油门，感受它，让它成为你的朋友，练习以稳定的转速保持它。听马达的声音，如果她太安静，她会告诉你她会熄火。不要让这种情况发生，让它“更响亮”点哈。
别往下看。深呼吸。恐惧让你活着，但焦虑让你的手颤抖。假装你很放松，呼吸变慢，你的身体/心率会被欺骗，从而真正放松，更容易集中注意力。
速度会帮助你，尤其是在平衡方面。大多数学生都是白痴（放松你的抓地力），以为他们会跑60英里/小时，但我仍然走在他们旁边。
专注，你可以这样做。另外，不要低头。
眼睛：看看你想去哪里。
大脑：想想你在用离合器做什么。
耳朵：听马达的声音，这样你就不会失速。
肌肉：放松，不要紧张，呼吸。

Harold Crumb
What are some important tips for riding a motorcycle for the first time?
I had help a few people learn how to ride and although I did not have most these problems myself, I do see these mistakes over and over again.
First the obvious.
1- Make sure you have protecting gear. It is NOT a bicycle it can go considerably faster. Minimum I would say: helmet,, cover shoes (no sandals of any kind), long pants and sleeved shirt. Preferably full face helmet, boots, protecting pants and a padded motorcycle jacket.
Do this ALWAYS. Unless you are pushing the bike to be stored, wear the gear!
2- Familiarize with the bike controls. Clutch, brakes, accelerator, gears are all in the same place in all the bikes but they do not react the same. Also the kill engine switch, signals, horn ,ay not be in the exact same location or function exactly the same.

第一次骑摩托车有哪些重要诀窍？
我帮助了一些人学习如何骑车，虽然我自己没有遇到大多数这些问题，但我确实一次又一次地看到这些错误。
首先是显而易见的错误：
1-确保你有防护装备。它不是自行车，它可以跑得更快。至少我会说：头盔、防护鞋（不穿任何类型的凉鞋）、长裤和带袖衬衫。最好是全脸头盔、靴子、防护裤和带衬垫的摩托车夹克。
始终做到这一点。除非你正在推摩托车去存放，否则请戴好装备！
2-熟悉摩托车控制装置。离合器、制动器、油门、齿轮在所有摩托车中都在同一位置，但它们的灵敏度各不相同。此外，发动机熄火开关、信号、喇叭的位置或功能可能不完全相同。

3- Do any mirror, clothing, helmet, visor, adjustments when you are not moving and preferably not in the road. If it is not right pull over ASAP on a safe traffic free location (parking lot, side of the road, etc..)
4- Make sure the bike is ready to ride. Does it have gas, oil. Also, read about the maintenance and adjustment of the bikes (it should be in the manual). Motorcycles require more maintenance and adjustments than cars.
5- Never go riding if something needs adjustment or if you think something is wrong (this applies even if you are in a hurry). Get it fix or ask someone that actually know about bikes (specially your type of bike) if that is OK or what to do to fix it.
6- Do not crash into anything or anyone (it is not funny or safe).
7 - In case of doubt, stop and ask.
8- Learn on a place with the least amount of things moving and to run over (preferably dry hard surface (cement. asphalt, even wood) not dirt, grass, gravel, etc..).

3-当你没移动车辆，做任何后视镜，衣服，头盔，遮阳板方面的调整，最好不是在路上。如果不正确，请尽快在安全且不会造成交通拥堵的地方（停车场、路边等）靠边停车。
4-确保摩托车为骑行做好准备。它有汽油吗？此外，阅读有关摩托车的维护和调整（在手册中应该有）。摩托车比汽车需要更多的保养和调整。
5-如果有什么需要调整或你认为有什么不对劲，千万不要骑行（即使你很匆忙，也是如此）。修理它，或者询问真正了解摩托车的人（特别是了解你的摩托车类型）：这样是否可以，或者了解该如何修理它。
6-不要撞到任何东西或任何人（这既不好玩也不安全）。
7-如有疑问，请停下来询问。
8-在移动物品最少的地方学习，并在那里驰骋（最好是干燥的硬表面（水泥、沥青、甚至木料地面），而不是泥土、草、砾石等地面。

Dave Jackson
How hard is it to learn to ride a motorcycle?
Prior to getting my first motorcycle (2007 Ducati Monster 800) I must have watched over a hundred YouTube videos where I theoretically learned how to ride a bike. I also must have watched an equal number of motorcycle crashing videos, as I believe it’s equally important to understand what to do as it is what not to do, and to be able to see real world dangers actually take place.
Finally my bike was delivered. It was a bit embarrassing, instead of riding it to my garage, I walked it. Passed lesson one, don’t let pride get in the way of common sense! I needed time to get comfortable and familiar with my bike and this wasn’t going to happen under the eyes of the two delivery drivers. I was a newbie, I knew it, and you know what, these delivery drivers understand this too! In fact anyone with half a brain knows this! DO NOT EVER accept an invite to ride with a group of more experienced friends/riders. It typically isn’t them wanting to teach u anything but rather them wanting to show u how much of a better rider they are than u :/. We men are stupid and will try to prove otherwise….this kind of gonad behavior can get u killed!

学骑摩托车有多难？
在得到我的第一辆摩托车（2007年DUCATI(杜卡迪) MONSTER800(怪兽800) ）之前，我一定看过了100多个油管视频，从理论上讲，我学会了如何骑摩托车。我当然也看过同样数量的摩托车撞车视频，因为我相信理解该做什么和不该做什么是同等重要的，并且能够看到真实世界中的危险实际发生情况。
我的摩托车终于送到了。这有点尴尬，我没有骑着它进我的车库，而是推了过去。通过了第一课，别让骄傲妨碍了常识！我需要时间来适应和熟悉我的摩托车，这在两位送货司机的眼皮底下是不会发生的。我是个新手，我知道，你知道吗，这些送货司机也明白这一点！稍微有点脑子的人都知道这一点!我从来没有接受过与一群更有经验的朋友/骑手一起骑行的邀请。他们通常不是想教你什么，而是想向你展示他们比你有多优秀。我们男人是愚蠢的，会试图证明相反的结论。这种性腺行为会让你送命的!

Whoa this is a big bike and heavy! Can’t experience that from watching videos. What I did know was what all the controls were and what the first thing I needed to experience, where the friction zone is. Pushed start…oh the noise, this thing is a beast! Several friction engagements…I know where it is but not entirely the fineness.
Now learning to ride a bike in a city like Chicago is not exactly ideal. There are few big parking lots and how was I going to get to them anyways, no quiet suburban roads; It’s a jungle. How the heck am I going to learn to ride this thing? My neighbors probably thought I was crazy as I did this lots. Eventually I was ready to tackle the neighborhood streets. To avoid the heavy traffic I would practice at 5 am on Saturdays and Sundays. Early enough traffic was scarce but late enough the drunks should all be home by now. So it went, learning incrementally. Making small mistakes, stalling a couple of time, but nothing major.
Eventually took the rider safety course and passed. For the most part the people who failed shared one common attribute. They were scared of their bikes. U need to respect a bike but you should never be scarred of it - u will panic and when u panic u do stupid things; especially so when u have no experience to default to. Watching videos and theoretically understanding things can greatly alleviate some of this fear.
I absolutely love riding! Have upgraded since and that big, heavy and intimidatingly powerful bike I started on now seems so small, light and underpowered. But at the time it was all of those things.

哇，这是一辆又大又重的摩托车！无法从观看视频中体验到这一点。我所知道的是所有的控制装置是什么，我需要体验的第一件事是什么，摩擦区在哪里！几次摩擦…我知道它在哪里，但不完全是精细度。
现在在芝加哥这样的城市学习骑摩托车并不是很理想。这里几乎没有大型停车场，而且我怎么去那里呢，没有安静的郊区道路；这是一片丛林。我到底要怎么学会骑这玩意儿？我的邻居可能认为我疯了，因为我经常这样做。最终，我准备好了去附近的街道。为了避免交通拥挤，我会在周六和周日早上5点练习。足够早的时候交通稀少，但足够晚的时候醉汉现在应该都回家了。就这样，不断地学习。犯了些小错误，耽搁了几次，但没什么大不了的。
最终参加了骑手安全课程并通过了考试。大多数失败的人都有一个共同的特点。他们害怕自己的摩托车。你需要尊重一辆摩托车，但你永远不要因为它而伤痕累累—你会惊慌，当你惊慌时，你会做傻事；尤其是当你没有可以默认的经验时，观看视频和从理论上理解事物可以极大地缓解这种恐惧。
我绝对喜欢骑摩托车！自从升级之后，我开始骑的那辆又大又重又动力强劲的摩托车看起来又小又轻，动力不足。但当时，一切都是这样。

Michael Barnard
How do I learn to ride a motorbike?
First, learn to ride a bicycle.
Second, get on an ebike for a while.
Third, learn to drive a car with a standard transmission and a clutch.
Fourth, take a beginner’s motorcycle course, one with a hard focus on defensive riding.
Fifth, drop your bike, hopefully at very low speeds.
Sixth, learn not to drop your bike.
You can combine steps two and three by buying an electric motorcycle with a beginner’s mode. They are the future, so why the hell would you bother to learn how to ride with a standard transmission if you don’t have to?

我如何学会骑摩托车？
首先，学会骑自行车。
第二，骑上一段时间的自行车。
第三，学会驾驶带标准变速器和离合器的汽车。
第四，参加初学者的摩托车课程，其中重点是防御性骑行。
第五，骑停你的摩托车，希望速度很低。
第六，学会不要要摩托车停下来。
你可以通过购买一辆初学者模式的电动摩托车来结合第二步和第三步。他们是未来，所以如果你没有必要，为什么你要费心去学习如何使用标准变速器呢？

Joe Shelton
Can anyone learn how to ride a motorcycle?
I’m a motorcyclist and a pilot. As a pilot I am often asked, “Can anyone learn to fly?”
My pat answer is, “Yes, flying itself is relatively easy, but there is a lot to learn in order to be a good pilot.”
The “real answer” is that there are some people, even some that already have pilot’s licenses, that shouldn’t be pilots.
To me, Motorcycling is the same. Yes, most people can learn to ride a motorcycle, especially if they start by participating in a motorcycle safety course.
But not everyone should be a motorcyclist.
To be good, takes focus and concentration (even when you’re ostensibly not concentrating).
To be good means an interest in continuing to learn to be a better motorcyclist.
To be good means that somewhere down deep you recognize the risks and have a very strong vein of self preservation.

有人能学会骑摩托车吗？
我是一名摩托车手和飞行员。作为一名飞行员，我经常被问到：“有人能学会飞行吗？”
我轻描淡写的回答是：“是的，飞行本身相对容易，但要想成为一名优秀的飞行员，还有很多东西需要学习。”
“真正的答案”是，有些人，甚至有些已经拥有飞行员执照的人，是不应该成为飞行员的。
对我来说，骑摩托车是一样的。大多数人是都可以学会骑摩托车，尤其是当他们开始参加摩托车安全课程时。
但不是每个人都应该去骑摩托车。
要做一个骑摩托车方面很厉害的人，需要集中注意力和专注力（即使你表面上没有集中注意力）。
做一个骑摩托车方面很厉害的人意味着有兴趣继续学习成为一个更好的摩托车手。
做一个骑摩托车方面很厉害的人意味着，在内心深处，你认识到了风险，并有很强的自我保护意识。

Mats Petersson
How can I be good in riding a motorcycle?
Practice. A lot of being good at riding, driving, playing tennis, dancing, etc, is about getting your body to do the right thing without thinking. The more you do the things, the easier, and the less you need to think about it.
Read or watch videos about good riding technique and practice that.
Maybe get someone with more experience to tell you what you should and shouldn’t do. Particularly someone that is experienced at teaching, rather than some random person that don’t know how to explain what you are doing wrong.

我怎样才能骑好摩托车？
实践擅长骑车、开车、打网球、跳舞等，很多都是为了让你的身体不假思索地做正确的事情。你做的事情越多，就越容易，也就越不需要去思考。
阅读或观看有关良好骑行技巧的视频，并进行练习。
也许找一个更有经验的人来告诉你该做什么，不该做什么。尤其是那些有教学经验的人，而不是那些不知道如何解释你做错了什么的人。

Bobby
What are some important tips for riding a motorcycle for the first time?
Over the years I have given instruction to many bikers and overall the best advice I have is, to avoid “obxt or target fixation”. That is when riding and you see a tree or pothole or even a dog in the road, you fixate on it and as much as you want to avoid the obxt you will ride toward it….. Realise what is happening and train your self to look to the side and lo and behold thats where you will go!
What It Is
One of the major causes of motorcycle crashes appears to be target fixation.
Target fixation occurs when a rider locks his/her focus of attention onto something, such as a piece of roadside furniture (a lamp standard, for example) and crashes into it. This is a common type of fatal motorcycle crash, yet, when one considers the thinness of a lamp standard, the thinness of the motorcycle and the usually large amount of clear space around a lamp standard, one has to ask, how come the rider impacted perfectly into the obstacle and couldn’t swerve/ride around it? Simple, the rider looked the obstacle and this "aimed" his/her motorcycle at the obstacle.

第一次骑摩托车有哪些重要诀窍？
这些年来，我给许多骑摩托车的人做过指导，总的来说，我给出的最好的建议是，避免“物体或目标固定”。也就是说，当你骑车时，看到路上有一棵树或一个坑洞，甚至是一只狗，你盯着它，尽可能多地想要避开那个物体，你就会朝它骑过去，训练你的自己朝侧面看，看看你会去哪里！
这是什么说法？
摩托车撞车的主要原因之一似乎是目标固定。
目标固定指的是骑手把注意力集中在某物上，比如路边的一件家具(比如一盏灯)，然后撞到上面。这是一种常见的致命摩托车碰撞类型，然而，当人们考虑到标准车灯的薄度、摩托车的薄度和通常在标准车灯周围的大片空地时，人们不得不问，为什么骑手完美地撞上了障碍物，却不能转弯/绕过它?很简单，骑手看着障碍物，然后“瞄准”他/她的摩托车瞄准障碍物。

Actually it is something a bit more than simply looking at the obstacle. What "aims" the bike is the rider’s focus of attention. Because it's a focus it becomes the dominant message for the brain and, consequently, all riding actions "focus" on this message. This means that if you look with your direct vision in a direction that will enable you to avoid a pothole, but focus on that pothole with your peripheral vision, you are most likely to hit that pothole.
Target fixation is deadly. There was a tragic crash in the US this year that killed two well-known riders during a track test. One was riding, the other was photographing from the track side. The exact details will never be known, but it appears target fixation was the cause. ....

事实上，这不仅仅是简单地看着障碍物。摩托车的“目标”是骑手关注的焦点。因为它是一个焦点，所以它成为大脑的主要信息，因此，所有骑行动作都“聚焦”于这个信息。这意味着，如果你用你的直视目光看一个能让你避开坑洼的方向，但用你的周边视野专注于那个坑洼，你最有可能撞到那个坑洼。
目标固定是致命的。今年美国发生了一起惨烈的车祸，在一次赛道测试中，两名知名车手丧生。一个在骑车，另一个在跑道边拍照。确切的细节将永远不知道，但似乎目标固定是其原因。

The obxt the rider focuses on doesn’t need to be anything as concentrated as a large post, either. If a frightened rider focuses on the side of the road while trying to round a corner he thinks he isn’t going to make, the most likely result is that the rider will run off the road and crash. Mostly this occurs when the rider is entering a turn a bit too fast, and finds himself looking at the spot where he’d run off, instead of through the turn.
And it isn’t only motorcyclists that can crash because of target fixation. Car drivers do it too, although it is drunk drivers and others who are mentally fuzzy/tired who are more prone to this than drivers who are alx and well-rested. However, it can happen to anyone who finds themselves sitting back enjoying the ride when they're driving.
This is one reason emergency response people tend to park their vehicles in such a way as to protect themselves and the scene on limited-access highways. It is not uncommon for drunks to target-fixate on the flashing lights of cop cars and plough right into the back or side of the emergency response vehicle! This is a phenomenon well-known to cops, fire-fighters people.
This also helps to explain why American motor officers are trained to mount and dismount on what most US riders would consider to be the wrong side of the bike. When you're parked on the side of a busy road, it's safer to get on the bike from the right, since the moving cars are on the left side.
And target fixation isn’t only confined to motor vehicles.
Motorcyclist Errol Amy has seen two cases of target (literally) fixation that proved fatal.

骑手关注的对象也不需要像一根大柱子那样集中。如果一名受惊的骑手在试图拐弯时将注意力集中在路边，他认为自己不会转弯，那么最可能的结果是骑手会跑出道路并撞车。通常情况下，这种情况发生在骑手进入一个转弯时车速有点太快的时候，他会发现自己看到的是他跑掉的地方，而不是整个转弯。
不仅是摩托车手会因为目标固定而撞车。汽车司机也会如此，不过与警觉和休息良好的司机相比，醉酒司机和其他精神模糊/疲惫的司机更容易发生这种情况。然而，任何人在开车时都会发现自己坐在后面享受骑行的乐趣。
这是应急响应人员倾向于将车辆停放在限制通行的高速公路上以保护自己和现场的原因之一。醉汉盯着警车的闪光灯，直接撞到应急车辆的后部或侧面，这并不少见！这是警察、消防队员人员都知道的现象。
这也有助于解释为什么美国驾驶机动车的官员会接受培训，在大多数美国车手认为是错误的一侧上车和下车。当你把车停在繁忙的路边时，从右边上车更安全，因为行驶的汽车都在左边。
而且，目标固定不仅限于机动车辆。
摩托车手埃罗尔·艾米见过两例目标(字面意思)固定致死的例子。

How To Beat It
Confronted by danger we humans, like most animals, change our brain mode to automatic. In that mode, we have basically three actions:
1) Escape (take evasive actions)
2) Fight (clench our fists and attack)
3) Freeze(become unable to decide what to do).
It’s very obvious that, when operating a motor vehicle, neither of the two last options will do us any good. We have to take evasive action. The best way to do this is load your brain with escape information, both by thinking about crisis situations and pre-planning your responses to them and by doing some physical practice of emergency braking and fast swerving using countersteering.

如何战胜它
面对危险，我们人类和大多数动物一样，将大脑模式转变为自动模式。在这种模式下，我们基本上有三个动作：
1） 逃跑（采取回避行动）
2） 战斗（握紧拳头攻击）
3） 呆住（无法决定做什么）。
很明显，在驾驶机动车时，最后两种选择都不会对我们有任何好处。我们必须采取回避行动。要做到这一点，最好的方法是让你的大脑充满逃生信息，既要思考危机情况，预先规划应对措施，也要做一些紧急制动和快速转向的身体练习。

A little time on a race circuit is also helpful, especially if it is under tuition. In this way you slowly build up your speed to learn your limits, while allowing a little leeway.
Of course, not all of us have the luxury of being able to practice on a circuit. Some riders try riding assertively on little-used local roads that have a lot of turns. They approach their limits carefully from below in order that, if they make a mistake or didn’t see a problem arise before it gets almost to late, they still have a way out of the situation. This has a certain amount of risk involved in it and the decision whether to do this must lie with each rider’s own risk management decision.
One rider who also has a pilot’s licence says that he has learnt that preventing target fixation takes lots and lots of practice and that you tend to be worse at it when you are tired or not concentrating on the task at hand. He says his pilot's training even discussed it, but didn't call it target fixation.
"The methods I use for scanning," he says, "I learned first from my pilot instruction. Works for motorcycles very well also. In short, never let your eyes lock on something for long. Always scan, and always practice looking in the direction you need to go."

在赛道上花一点时间也很有帮助，尤其是在学费不高的情况下。通过这种方式，你可以慢慢提高速度，学习自己的极限，同时留出一点余地。
当然，并不是我们所有人都有机会在赛道上练习。一些骑手尝试在偏僻的道路上自信地骑行，这些道路有很多弯道。他们小心翼翼地从下面接近自己的极限，这样，如果他们犯了错误，或者在几乎晚了之前没有看到问题出现，他们仍然有办法摆脱这种局面。这涉及一定的风险，决定是否这样做必须取决于每个骑手自己的风险管理决定。
一位同样持有飞行员执照的骑手表示，他已经了解到，防止目标锁定需要大量练习，当你疲倦或没有集中精力完成手头的任务时，你的情况往往会更糟。他说，飞行员的训练甚至讨论过这一点，但并没有称之为目标固定。
“我使用的扫描方法，”他说，“我首先从飞行员的指导中学到了。在骑摩托车也很好用。总之，不要让你的眼睛盯着什么东西太久。要一直扫描，并练习朝你需要前进的方向看。”

Another rider uses a technique he learned in the Army in target detection: Look in the general direction but move eyes from left to right a bit to avoid fixing on one spot. Don’t fall into the trap of moving your head but leaving your eyes focused on the wrong thing.
Rider training courses are also credited help prevent or reduce target fixation episodes.
One US rider told us that when he took a different riding course a long time ago, a fair amount of time was spent on this very issue. The instructor showed the pupils how most of us target fixate almost every time we turn a corner. The course spent almost an hour going over the methods for preventing this. When the rider’s brother took the same course about a year ago, the instructor noticed he was fixating on the road when he turned and told him to look were he was headed and then discussed the issues.

另一位骑手使用了他在陆军中学习的一种目标检测技术：朝大致方向看，但眼睛从左向右移动一点，以避免固定在一个位置。不要掉进这样一个陷阱：移动你的头，但让你的眼睛专注于错误的位置。
骑手培训课程也被认为有助于预防或减少目标注视事件。
一位美国车手告诉我们，很久以前，当他参加了一个不同的骑行课程时，在这个问题上花了相当多的时间。老师向学生们展示了我们大多数人几乎每次转弯时都是如何瞄准目标的。课程花了将近一个小时的时间来研究预防这种情况的方法。大约一年前，当骑手的弟弟参加同样的课程时，教练注意到他的注意力一直在路上，于是告诉他要看前进的方向，然后讨论了这个问题。

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