网友讨论：哪个国家对赢得二战的贡献经常被忽视？
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China, India, and Canada are all excellent answers from the anti-Axis coalition, but I always say that one of the biggest logistic nightmares for the Axis was in their own ranks.
Bulgaria certainly left an impact in the Balkans. They certainly wished to restore their borders from pre-WWI. Macedonia and most of the northern Aegean Coast was still full of Bulgarians. Naturally, the only way to regain those territories was to attack Greece and Yugoslavia.
But Tsar Boris III and the other Bulgarians, unlike their German allies, did not seem intent on eradicating the Jewish people from their country.
When Hitler gave orders to the smaller Axis nations to destroy their Jewish population, the majority of Bulgarian territories that had Jewish populations were stowed away by communities and the government. Very few Jewish people were killed. Macedonia, Thrace, and Dobruja (which were given to Bulgaria upon their entrance into the war in 1941) experienced a decline in Jewish population, but those areas were still occupied by Nazis, as they were considered active war zones.
中国、印度和加拿大都是反轴心国联盟的绝佳答案，但就像我常说的，轴心国最大的后勤噩梦之一是他们自己的队伍。
保加利亚无疑对巴尔干地区的局势产生了影响。他们当然希望恢复到第一次世界大战前的边界。马其顿和爱琴海北部的大部分地区仍然到处都是保加利亚人。自然地，收复这些领土的唯一途径就是进攻希腊和南斯拉夫。
但与他们的德国盟友不同，沙皇鲍里斯三世和其他保加利亚人似乎并不打算将犹太人从他们的国家中根除。
当希特勒命令较小的轴心国消灭他们的犹太人口时，保加利亚领土上的大多数犹太人被社区和政府藏匿了起来。很少有犹太人被杀。马其顿、色雷斯和多布鲁亚（1941年加入战争时被划给了保加利亚）经历了犹太人口的减少，但这些地区仍被纳粹占领，因为它们被认为是活跃的战区。
Canadian corvettes leaving Halifax in 1941 to escort convoys.
The Canadians mobilized their manpower to create a large army for the European war, beginning in 1939. They had the only organized, fully equipped infantry division in the British Isles in those fearful weeks after the Dunkirk evacuation and the French surrender.
In the perilous months that followed Dunkirk, Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King played a vital double strategic game. On the one hand, he had to put forth every possible effort to keep Great Britain in the war, to save its government and its navy from German control. On the other, he had to prepare for the worse by developing a working relationship with President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States. The unified air defense command Canada and the United States set up in 1940 still exists today as NORAD. The prodigious aid that Canada provided Britain helped sustain her through the war. After the war, Canada and the United States both worked to ease Britain’s debt load and created a five billion dollar loan program to sustain British finances through the first difficult years.
1941年，加拿大护卫舰离开哈利法克斯加入护航舰队。
从1939年开始，加拿大人动员他们的人力为欧洲战争创建了一支庞大的军队。在敦刻尔克撤离和法国投降后那可怕的几周里，他们是在不列颠群岛唯一一个有组织、装备齐全的步兵师。
在敦刻尔克战役之后的几个月里，威廉·里昂·麦肯齐·金首相进行了一场至关重要的双重战略博弈。 一方面，他必须竭尽全力让英国继续参战，使其政府和海军免于德国的控制。 另一方面，他不得不与美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福建立工作关系，以防万一。加拿大和美国于 1940 年成立的联合防空司令部今天仍然作为北美防空司令部存在。 加拿大向英国提供的巨额援助帮助英国度过了二战。战后，加拿大和美国都致力于减轻英国的债务负担，并制定了一项50亿美元的贷款计划，以维持英国财政度过最初的艰难岁月。
Canadians using a borrowed wagon to celebrate the liberation of the Netherlands in 1945
1945 年，加拿大士兵使用借来的马车庆祝荷兰解放。
Thomas Yen Follow
China - the forgotten ally
First Confrontation
Most Westerners often put the start date of World War 2 on the 1st of September 1939, when the Germans invaded Poland.
However, for China, the war started in 1931 when the Japanese staged the Mukden Incident where the track of Japan’s South Manchurian Railway was blown up by supposed Chinese dissidents. This led to the full invasion of the Imperial Japanese Army from occupied Korea. The weakened Chinese state as a result of years of separatism and political instability could not resist the professionally trained Kwangtung Army of Imperial Japan, leading to the occupation of Manchuria by Japan and the establishment of Japanese puppet state Manchukuo.
The League of Nation (similar to the United Nations of today) opposed Japan’s aggressive policy, which resulted in Japan withdrawing from the league and creating their own Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. The European powers, crippled by the great depression, could do nothing against Japan’s might. Furthermore, the rich Manchurian lands the Japanese occupied was abundant in natural resources which helped Japan avoid the Great Depression, thus the Japanese civilians were largely supportive of this act of aggression.
中国——这个被遗忘的盟友
最先的交锋
大多数西方人经常把第二次世界大战的开始日期定在 1939 年 9 月 1 日，即德国入侵波兰的那一天。
然而，对于中国而言，战争始于 1931 年，当时日本发动了九一八事变，日本称其南满铁路轨道被所谓的中国持不同政见者炸毁。这导致日本帝国主义的军队从被占领的朝鲜对华发动了全面入侵。由于多年的分裂和政治动荡，虚弱的中国政府无法抵抗日本帝国主义训练有素的关东军，导致日本占领了中国满洲，并建立了日本控制的傀儡国家-满洲国。
国联（类似于今天的联合国）反对日本的侵略政策，导致日本退出国联，并创建了自己的大东亚共荣圈。欧洲列强因经济大萧条而陷入瘫痪，无法对抗日本的强大力量。再加上日本占领的满洲土地资源丰富，帮助日本避免了经济大萧条，因此日本民众基本上支持这种侵略行为。
China - the forgotten ally
First Confrontation
Most Westerners often put the start date of World War 2 on the 1st of September 1939, when the Germans invaded Poland.
However, for China, the war started in 1931 when the Japanese staged the Mukden Incident where the track of Japan’s South Manchurian Railway was blown up by supposed Chinese dissidents. This led to the full invasion of the Imperial Japanese Army from occupied Korea. The weakened Chinese state as a result of years of separatism and political instability could not resist the professionally trained Kwangtung Army of Imperial Japan, leading to the occupation of Manchuria by Japan and the establishment of Japanese puppet state Manchukuo.
The League of Nation (similar to the United Nations of today) opposed Japan’s aggressive policy, which resulted in Japan withdrawing from the league and creating their own Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. The European powers, crippled by the great depression, could do nothing against Japan’s might. Furthermore, the rich Manchurian lands the Japanese occupied was abundant in natural resources which helped Japan avoid the Great Depression, thus the Japanese civilians were largely supportive of this act of aggression.
中国——这个被遗忘的盟友
最先的交锋
大多数西方人经常把第二次世界大战的开始日期定在 1939 年 9 月 1 日，即德国入侵波兰的那一天。
然而，对于中国而言，战争始于 1931 年，当时日本发动了九一八事变，日本称其南满铁路轨道被所谓的中国持不同政见者炸毁。这导致日本帝国主义的军队从被占领的朝鲜对华发动了全面入侵。由于多年的分裂和政治动荡，虚弱的中国政府无法抵抗日本帝国主义训练有素的关东军，导致日本占领了中国满洲，并建立了日本控制的傀儡国家-满洲国。
国联（类似于今天的联合国）反对日本的侵略政策，导致日本退出国联，并创建了自己的大东亚共荣圈。欧洲列强因经济大萧条而陷入瘫痪，无法对抗日本的强大力量。再加上日本占领的满洲土地资源丰富，帮助日本避免了经济大萧条，因此日本民众基本上支持这种侵略行为。
An unlikely alliance
Between 1927 - 1936, the Chinese Nationalists Government (Kuomintang) under Chiang Kai-shek has been fighting the Chinese Communists (CCP) under the leadership of Mao Zedong due to political differences. However, while the KMT was focused on eradicating the CCP, Japan took this opportunity to further assert their dominance over China.
The January 28th Incident in 1932, resulted in the demilitarization of Shanghai so that Chinese troops could not defend the city. The Tanggu Truce in 1933 caused Jehol province to fall under Japanese control. Finally, the He-Umez Agreement of 1935 and the following Chin-Doihara Agreement effectively expelled the KMT from entering Hebei and Chahar province respectively. Thus, in a span of a few years, China has lost the entirety of Northern China under Japanese administration.
一个不太可能的联盟
然而1927年至1936年间，当中国国民党专注于消灭共产党时，日本利用这个机会进一步确立了他们对侵占的中国土地的统治地位。
1932 年的一二八事变导致上海非军事化，中国军队无法保卫这座城市。1933年的塘沽停战使热河省落入日本控制之下。最后，日本通过1935年的《何梅协定》和随后的《秦土协定》有效地将国民党逐出了河北省和察哈尔省。因此，在短短几年的时间里，中国就失去了整个华北地区。
Between 1927 - 1936, the Chinese Nationalists Government (Kuomintang) under Chiang Kai-shek has been fighting the Chinese Communists (CCP) under the leadership of Mao Zedong due to political differences. However, while the KMT was focused on eradicating the CCP, Japan took this opportunity to further assert their dominance over China.
The January 28th Incident in 1932, resulted in the demilitarization of Shanghai so that Chinese troops could not defend the city. The Tanggu Truce in 1933 caused Jehol province to fall under Japanese control. Finally, the He-Umez Agreement of 1935 and the following Chin-Doihara Agreement effectively expelled the KMT from entering Hebei and Chahar province respectively. Thus, in a span of a few years, China has lost the entirety of Northern China under Japanese administration.
一个不太可能的联盟
然而1927年至1936年间，当中国国民党专注于消灭共产党时，日本利用这个机会进一步确立了他们对侵占的中国土地的统治地位。
1932 年的一二八事变导致上海非军事化，中国军队无法保卫这座城市。1933年的塘沽停战使热河省落入日本控制之下。最后，日本通过1935年的《何梅协定》和随后的《秦土协定》有效地将国民党逐出了河北省和察哈尔省。因此，在短短几年的时间里，中国就失去了整个华北地区。
Many of Chiang’s advisors asked Chiang to focus on Japan, which is the greater threat. However, he refused and persisted in destroying the CCP. In 1936, a young marshal named Zhang Xueliang captured Chiang Kai-shek in Xi’an, forcing him to sign a temporary truce with CCP and to fight against Japan. The Second Chinese United Front was established. The Chinese Red Army was integrated into the Chinese Nationalist Army under the new Fourth Army or the 8th Route Army.
蒋介石的许多顾问都要求蒋介石把注意力集中在威胁更大的日本身上。但是，他拒绝了，坚持要先行消灭共产党。1936年，一位名叫张学良的年轻元帅在西安俘虏了蒋介石，迫使他与中共签订了临时休战协议，并与日本作战。中国第二次统一战线成立。中国红军并入中国国民革命军，番号为新四军或八路军。
蒋介石的许多顾问都要求蒋介石把注意力集中在威胁更大的日本身上。但是，他拒绝了，坚持要先行消灭共产党。1936年，一位名叫张学良的年轻元帅在西安俘虏了蒋介石，迫使他与中共签订了临时休战协议，并与日本作战。中国第二次统一战线成立。中国红军并入中国国民革命军，番号为新四军或八路军。
Second Sino-Japanese War - Initial Phase
Years of distrust and resentment resulted in an exchange of fire between Chinese and Japanese troops on the 7th of July 1937 at Marco Polo Bridge in Beijing. The initial brief and a confused skirmish between the two sides soon escalated into the Second Sino-Japanese War between a united China and Imperial Japan. In China, this war is known as the War of Resistance.
Battle of Shanghai
The Battle of Shanghai was one of the bloodiest battles in the war, often dubbed “the Stalingrad of the East.” Chinese warplanes and soldiers attacked Japanese forces stationed in Shanghai. However, Chinese aircrafts often consisted of outdated Hawk III and P-26/281 Peashooters. The advanced Japanese A5M and anti-air from their navy destroyed 50% of the entire Chinese squadron. The battle soon became one of attrition. China allocated their most professional German-trained Chinese divisions into the battle. However, the better equipped Japanese army overwhelmed the Chinese defenders. The Japanese lost over 70 000+ soldiers, while the Chinese suffered 187 000 deaths. The resistant Chinese forces at the battle shocked the Japanese army, as they originally thought it was going to be a swift and easy war.
第二次中日战争 - 初期阶段
1937年7月7日，中日两国军队在北京的卢沟桥发生了交火。双方从最初的仓促和混乱的冲突很快升级为统一的中国和日本帝国之间的第二次中日战争。在中国，这场战争被称为抗日战争。
上海保卫战
上海保卫战是二战中最血腥的战役之一，常被称为“东方的斯大林格勒战役”。中国战机和士兵袭击了驻扎在上海的日军。然而，中国的空军部队通常由过时的苍鹰III和P-26/281战机组成。日本海军先进的三菱A5M舰载战机摧毁了中国50%的战机。这场战斗很快就变成了消耗战。中国将最训练有素的德国顾问训练师投入战斗。然而，装备更好的日本军队击败了中国守军。日本人损失了7万多名士兵，而中国则有18.7万人死亡。在这场战斗中，顽强的中国军队震惊了日本军队，因为他们原本以为这将是一场迅速而简单的战争。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Years of distrust and resentment resulted in an exchange of fire between Chinese and Japanese troops on the 7th of July 1937 at Marco Polo Bridge in Beijing. The initial brief and a confused skirmish between the two sides soon escalated into the Second Sino-Japanese War between a united China and Imperial Japan. In China, this war is known as the War of Resistance.
Battle of Shanghai
The Battle of Shanghai was one of the bloodiest battles in the war, often dubbed “the Stalingrad of the East.” Chinese warplanes and soldiers attacked Japanese forces stationed in Shanghai. However, Chinese aircrafts often consisted of outdated Hawk III and P-26/281 Peashooters. The advanced Japanese A5M and anti-air from their navy destroyed 50% of the entire Chinese squadron. The battle soon became one of attrition. China allocated their most professional German-trained Chinese divisions into the battle. However, the better equipped Japanese army overwhelmed the Chinese defenders. The Japanese lost over 70 000+ soldiers, while the Chinese suffered 187 000 deaths. The resistant Chinese forces at the battle shocked the Japanese army, as they originally thought it was going to be a swift and easy war.
第二次中日战争 - 初期阶段
1937年7月7日，中日两国军队在北京的卢沟桥发生了交火。双方从最初的仓促和混乱的冲突很快升级为统一的中国和日本帝国之间的第二次中日战争。在中国，这场战争被称为抗日战争。
上海保卫战
上海保卫战是二战中最血腥的战役之一，常被称为“东方的斯大林格勒战役”。中国战机和士兵袭击了驻扎在上海的日军。然而，中国的空军部队通常由过时的苍鹰III和P-26/281战机组成。日本海军先进的三菱A5M舰载战机摧毁了中国50%的战机。这场战斗很快就变成了消耗战。中国将最训练有素的德国顾问训练师投入战斗。然而，装备更好的日本军队击败了中国守军。日本人损失了7万多名士兵，而中国则有18.7万人死亡。在这场战斗中，顽强的中国军队震惊了日本军队，因为他们原本以为这将是一场迅速而简单的战争。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Battle of Nanjing and Nanjing Massacre
The Battle of Nanjing was another major battle in the Chinese theatre, where the Japanese invaded the former Chinese capital Nanjing. Approximately 350 000 Japanese soldiers invaded the city and committed war crimes against civilians. Historians recorded that at least 200 000 Chinese people were brutally tortured and murdered by Japanese soldiers. Japanese officers were killing civilians for entertainment and to also avenge their fallen soldiers in Shanghai.
The Tokyo Government attempted to de-escalate the situation as they wanted to preserve strength in case of a Soviet attack to the North. However, after capturing many Chinese cities, the Japanese generals escalated the war and the Japanese government effectively lost control of their army to the radical generals. By 1938, after another bloody battle in Wuhan resulting in the capture of the city by the Japanese, the Chinese leadership retreated to Chongqing.
南京保卫战和南京大屠杀
南京战役是中国战区的另一场重大战役，日军攻入了中国的前首都南京。约有35万日军攻入该城市，并对那里的平民犯下了战争罪行。历史学家记载，至少有20万中国平民被日本兵残忍地折磨和杀害。日本军官以杀害平民为乐，也是为了给在上海阵亡的日本士兵报仇。
东京政府试图缓和局势，因为他们想要保存实力以防止从苏联北方进攻。然而，在占领了许多中国城市后，日本将领将战争升级，日本政府实际上失去了对军队的控制。到1938年，在武汉的又一场血战导致这座城市被日本人占领后，当时的中国领导层撤退到了重庆。
The Battle of Nanjing was another major battle in the Chinese theatre, where the Japanese invaded the former Chinese capital Nanjing. Approximately 350 000 Japanese soldiers invaded the city and committed war crimes against civilians. Historians recorded that at least 200 000 Chinese people were brutally tortured and murdered by Japanese soldiers. Japanese officers were killing civilians for entertainment and to also avenge their fallen soldiers in Shanghai.
The Tokyo Government attempted to de-escalate the situation as they wanted to preserve strength in case of a Soviet attack to the North. However, after capturing many Chinese cities, the Japanese generals escalated the war and the Japanese government effectively lost control of their army to the radical generals. By 1938, after another bloody battle in Wuhan resulting in the capture of the city by the Japanese, the Chinese leadership retreated to Chongqing.
南京保卫战和南京大屠杀
南京战役是中国战区的另一场重大战役，日军攻入了中国的前首都南京。约有35万日军攻入该城市，并对那里的平民犯下了战争罪行。历史学家记载，至少有20万中国平民被日本兵残忍地折磨和杀害。日本军官以杀害平民为乐，也是为了给在上海阵亡的日本士兵报仇。
东京政府试图缓和局势，因为他们想要保存实力以防止从苏联北方进攻。然而，在占领了许多中国城市后，日本将领将战争升级，日本政府实际上失去了对军队的控制。到1938年，在武汉的又一场血战导致这座城市被日本人占领后，当时的中国领导层撤退到了重庆。
Second Sino-Japanese War - Stalemate
Following a series of victories against the Japanese such as the Battle of Changsha and Battle of South Guangxi, the Japanese expansions across China was effectively halted. However, due to China’s low industrial capacity, the nation could not risk counter-attacking the more modern Japanese army, thus both nations did not fight any more major conflicts. Instead, the war became a series of small skirmishes and sabotages as both nations try to disrupt each other’s supply chain and command network.
Furthermore, as Japan conquers more Chinese territories, it became increasingly difficult for Japan to administer. Keep in mind, China had an enormous population of over 500 million people, still massive by today’s standards. Furthermore, Japanese atrocities committed by the imperial army made the Japanese extremely unpopular. Rebellions and sabotages carried out by Chinese civilians were common.
第二次中日战争 - 相持阶段
随着长沙战役、桂林战役等一系列抗日胜利，日军在中国的扩张被有效遏制。然而，由于中国工业能力低下，中国军队无法冒险反击更现代化的日本军队，因此两国没有再发生重大军事冲突。相反，随着两国都试图破坏彼此的物资供应链和指挥网络，战争变成了一系列小规模的冲突和破坏活动。
此外，随着日本占领更多的中国领土，日本的管理变得越来越困难。请记住，中国拥有超过 5 亿的庞大人口，以今天的标准来看仍然是庞大的。此外，日本军队的暴行使日本人极不受欢迎。中国平民发动的反抗和破坏活动非常频繁。
Following a series of victories against the Japanese such as the Battle of Changsha and Battle of South Guangxi, the Japanese expansions across China was effectively halted. However, due to China’s low industrial capacity, the nation could not risk counter-attacking the more modern Japanese army, thus both nations did not fight any more major conflicts. Instead, the war became a series of small skirmishes and sabotages as both nations try to disrupt each other’s supply chain and command network.
Furthermore, as Japan conquers more Chinese territories, it became increasingly difficult for Japan to administer. Keep in mind, China had an enormous population of over 500 million people, still massive by today’s standards. Furthermore, Japanese atrocities committed by the imperial army made the Japanese extremely unpopular. Rebellions and sabotages carried out by Chinese civilians were common.
第二次中日战争 - 相持阶段
随着长沙战役、桂林战役等一系列抗日胜利，日军在中国的扩张被有效遏制。然而，由于中国工业能力低下，中国军队无法冒险反击更现代化的日本军队，因此两国没有再发生重大军事冲突。相反，随着两国都试图破坏彼此的物资供应链和指挥网络，战争变成了一系列小规模的冲突和破坏活动。
此外，随着日本占领更多的中国领土，日本的管理变得越来越困难。请记住，中国拥有超过 5 亿的庞大人口，以今天的标准来看仍然是庞大的。此外，日本军队的暴行使日本人极不受欢迎。中国平民发动的反抗和破坏活动非常频繁。
China’s Contribution
Thankfully, the Japanese navy was over-confident in their ability, and also disliked the Japanese army for taking all the credit for the war. Thus, they bombed Pearl Harbour in 1941, and the United States of America joined the war against Japan. As the United States battled Japan across the Pacific all the way up to the Japanese mainland, the Chinese army’s job was to stalemate the Japanese and force them to commit troops into the Chinese theatre.
World War 2 was fought across the globe on a total land area of 22 million square kilometres. The Chinese Theatre alone took up 6 million square kilometres. In terms of time spent fighting, the US was involved in the war for 3 years and 9 months, Soviet unx for 4 years and 2 months, and Britain for 6 years. While China on the other hand has been fighting Japan in small scale border skirmishes since 1931, which escalated to a full-scale war in 1937 and ended in 1945. Thus, China has been fighting for a total of 14 years since 1931.
中国的贡献
值得庆幸的是，日本海军对自己的能力过于自信，也不喜欢日本陆军把战争的功劳都揽在自己身上的行为。因此，他们在1941年轰炸了珍珠港，美利坚合众国加入了对日战争。当美国在太平洋上与日本作战，一直打到日本本土时，中国军队的任务是与日本人僵持，迫使他们将军队持续投入中国战场。
第二次世界大战发生在全球2200万平方公里的土地上。仅中国战场就占地 600万平方公里。 从参战时间来看，美国参战3年9个月，苏联4年2个月，英国6年。而中国自1931年以来一直在与日本进行小规模边界冲突，1937年升级为全面战争，直至1945年结束。因此，中国从1931年以来一共打了14年。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Thankfully, the Japanese navy was over-confident in their ability, and also disliked the Japanese army for taking all the credit for the war. Thus, they bombed Pearl Harbour in 1941, and the United States of America joined the war against Japan. As the United States battled Japan across the Pacific all the way up to the Japanese mainland, the Chinese army’s job was to stalemate the Japanese and force them to commit troops into the Chinese theatre.
World War 2 was fought across the globe on a total land area of 22 million square kilometres. The Chinese Theatre alone took up 6 million square kilometres. In terms of time spent fighting, the US was involved in the war for 3 years and 9 months, Soviet unx for 4 years and 2 months, and Britain for 6 years. While China on the other hand has been fighting Japan in small scale border skirmishes since 1931, which escalated to a full-scale war in 1937 and ended in 1945. Thus, China has been fighting for a total of 14 years since 1931.
中国的贡献
值得庆幸的是，日本海军对自己的能力过于自信，也不喜欢日本陆军把战争的功劳都揽在自己身上的行为。因此，他们在1941年轰炸了珍珠港，美利坚合众国加入了对日战争。当美国在太平洋上与日本作战，一直打到日本本土时，中国军队的任务是与日本人僵持，迫使他们将军队持续投入中国战场。
第二次世界大战发生在全球2200万平方公里的土地上。仅中国战场就占地 600万平方公里。 从参战时间来看，美国参战3年9个月，苏联4年2个月，英国6年。而中国自1931年以来一直在与日本进行小规模边界冲突，1937年升级为全面战争，直至1945年结束。因此，中国从1931年以来一共打了14年。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
A total of 200 000 battles, both small and large, were fought between China and Japan throughout those years. By the end of the war, China killed 1.54 million Japanese soldiers, accounting for 70% of all Japanese casualties throughout the war. While the Chinese lost 35 million people including soldiers and civilians.
China also restrained Japan’s elite Kwantung Army, the largest and most prestigious command in the Imperial Japanese, often equipped with the latest military equipment Japan can get their hands on. Initially, the Kwantung Army had a military personnel of 1.3 million soldiers, however, by 1945 it was reduced by approximately 50% in size to 713 000 soldiers.
Conclusion
Overall, China’s contribution to the war effort must not be overlooked. The U.S. president Franklin D.Rossevelt once commented: “If China had not been involved in the war, one could only imagine how many Japanese army corps would have been deployed not only in China but also in other nations such as Australia and India.”
在那些年间，中日之间总共进行了大小战役20万场。到战争结束时，中国军队共杀死日军154万人，占整个二战日军伤亡总数的70%。 而中国则损失了包括军民在内的3500万人。
中国还牵制了日本精锐的关东军，这是日本规模最大、最负盛名的军队，它通常装备日本能获得的最新军事装备。 最初，关东军有130万名士兵，但到 1945 年，其人数减少了约 50% 至 71.3万名士兵。
结论
总的来说，中国对二战的贡献不容忽视。 美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福曾评论说：“如果中国没有卷入这场战争，可想而知，有多少日本军队不仅会部署在中国，而且会部署在澳大利亚和印度等其他国家。”
China also restrained Japan’s elite Kwantung Army, the largest and most prestigious command in the Imperial Japanese, often equipped with the latest military equipment Japan can get their hands on. Initially, the Kwantung Army had a military personnel of 1.3 million soldiers, however, by 1945 it was reduced by approximately 50% in size to 713 000 soldiers.
Conclusion
Overall, China’s contribution to the war effort must not be overlooked. The U.S. president Franklin D.Rossevelt once commented: “If China had not been involved in the war, one could only imagine how many Japanese army corps would have been deployed not only in China but also in other nations such as Australia and India.”
在那些年间，中日之间总共进行了大小战役20万场。到战争结束时，中国军队共杀死日军154万人，占整个二战日军伤亡总数的70%。 而中国则损失了包括军民在内的3500万人。
中国还牵制了日本精锐的关东军，这是日本规模最大、最负盛名的军队，它通常装备日本能获得的最新军事装备。 最初，关东军有130万名士兵，但到 1945 年，其人数减少了约 50% 至 71.3万名士兵。
结论
总的来说，中国对二战的贡献不容忽视。 美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福曾评论说：“如果中国没有卷入这场战争，可想而知，有多少日本军队不仅会部署在中国，而且会部署在澳大利亚和印度等其他国家。”
James Angelopoulos Follow
The Oddball Axis Nation: Bulgaria.
古怪的轴心国：保加利亚。
The Oddball Axis Nation: Bulgaria.
古怪的轴心国：保加利亚。
China, India, and Canada are all excellent answers from the anti-Axis coalition, but I always say that one of the biggest logistic nightmares for the Axis was in their own ranks.
Bulgaria certainly left an impact in the Balkans. They certainly wished to restore their borders from pre-WWI. Macedonia and most of the northern Aegean Coast was still full of Bulgarians. Naturally, the only way to regain those territories was to attack Greece and Yugoslavia.
But Tsar Boris III and the other Bulgarians, unlike their German allies, did not seem intent on eradicating the Jewish people from their country.
When Hitler gave orders to the smaller Axis nations to destroy their Jewish population, the majority of Bulgarian territories that had Jewish populations were stowed away by communities and the government. Very few Jewish people were killed. Macedonia, Thrace, and Dobruja (which were given to Bulgaria upon their entrance into the war in 1941) experienced a decline in Jewish population, but those areas were still occupied by Nazis, as they were considered active war zones.
中国、印度和加拿大都是反轴心国联盟的绝佳答案，但就像我常说的，轴心国最大的后勤噩梦之一是他们自己的队伍。
保加利亚无疑对巴尔干地区的局势产生了影响。他们当然希望恢复到第一次世界大战前的边界。马其顿和爱琴海北部的大部分地区仍然到处都是保加利亚人。自然地，收复这些领土的唯一途径就是进攻希腊和南斯拉夫。
但与他们的德国盟友不同，沙皇鲍里斯三世和其他保加利亚人似乎并不打算将犹太人从他们的国家中根除。
当希特勒命令较小的轴心国消灭他们的犹太人口时，保加利亚领土上的大多数犹太人被社区和政府藏匿了起来。很少有犹太人被杀。马其顿、色雷斯和多布鲁亚（1941年加入战争时被划给了保加利亚）经历了犹太人口的减少，但这些地区仍被纳粹占领，因为它们被认为是活跃的战区。
Boris III was so intent on avoiding Jewish extermination, that he took his population of publically revealed Jews and pressed them into factory work. It was certainly akin to slavery, but considering that the only options were to kill them, press them into working, or being attacked by Germany, I'd find that this was likely the best option for a surrounded Bulgaria.
Most would call Boris III's command of Bulgaria to be inept, but I would wholeheartedly disagree. He remained neutral for the first two years, entered the war, and for the following three years engaged in minor skirmishes with the very weak Soviet Black Sea Navy. Any military engagement the Bulgarians faced in those three years were usually met with inaction or were attacks on Bulgarian cities. It was almost as if Boris III knew that Bulgaria was on the wrong side of the war, and wanted to sabotage it from the inside.
鲍里斯三世一心想要避免犹太人灭绝，他把公开身份的犹太人带到工厂工作。这当然类似于奴隶制，但考虑到不杀死他们的唯二的选择是强迫他们工作或者被德国攻击，我以为这可能是被包围的保加利亚的最佳选择。
大多数人会认为鲍里斯三世对保加利亚的管理很无能，但我完全不同意。他在头两年保持中立，在参战后，他在接下来的三年中与非常弱小的苏联黑海海军发生了小规模冲突。保加利亚人在这三年中面临的任何军事交战或者是对保加利亚城市的袭击通常都无动于衷。鲍里斯三世似乎知道保加利亚站在了战争的错误一方，并想从内部破坏战争。
Most would call Boris III's command of Bulgaria to be inept, but I would wholeheartedly disagree. He remained neutral for the first two years, entered the war, and for the following three years engaged in minor skirmishes with the very weak Soviet Black Sea Navy. Any military engagement the Bulgarians faced in those three years were usually met with inaction or were attacks on Bulgarian cities. It was almost as if Boris III knew that Bulgaria was on the wrong side of the war, and wanted to sabotage it from the inside.
鲍里斯三世一心想要避免犹太人灭绝，他把公开身份的犹太人带到工厂工作。这当然类似于奴隶制，但考虑到不杀死他们的唯二的选择是强迫他们工作或者被德国攻击，我以为这可能是被包围的保加利亚的最佳选择。
大多数人会认为鲍里斯三世对保加利亚的管理很无能，但我完全不同意。他在头两年保持中立，在参战后，他在接下来的三年中与非常弱小的苏联黑海海军发生了小规模冲突。保加利亚人在这三年中面临的任何军事交战或者是对保加利亚城市的袭击通常都无动于衷。鲍里斯三世似乎知道保加利亚站在了战争的错误一方，并想从内部破坏战争。
Once Boris III suddenly died in 1943, his son Simeon II took control of the nation at the age of 6. Naturally the boy had no way of leading Bulgaria, so Bulgaria's ability to become an active military force was still limited.
Once Romania had fallen to the Soviet’s control, Bulgaria quickly fell too and joined the Allies in 1944.
So was Bulgaria on the losing side for much of their participation? Yes. Did they capitulate and lose most of their battles? Yes.
But they protected their Jewish population.
They hindered the Nazi Regime's attempts at conquering the East.
They infuriated Hitler to no end.
And to this day, their reward for being the largest roadblock in the Reich's operations in the Balkans was the return of Southern Dobruja from Romania. The only country of all the Axis powers to grow in size after the war's end.
Bulgaria sadly fell to Communism due to the Soviet invasion, and the Royal Family did flee the country in the war's aftermath.
1943年鲍里斯三世突然去世，他的儿子西蒙二世在6岁时接管了国家。这个男孩自然无法领导保加利亚，所以保加利亚成为一支活跃的军事力量的能力仍然有限。
罗马尼亚落入苏联控制后，保加利亚也迅速沦陷，并于1944年加入盟军。
那么，保加利亚的大部分参与都是失败的一方吗? 是的。 他们投降并输掉了大部分战斗吗？ 是的。
但他们保护了他们的犹太人口。
他们阻碍了纳粹政权征服东方的企图。
他们激怒了希特勒。
直到今天，他们成为德国在巴尔干地区行动的最大障碍所得到的回报就是从罗马尼亚夺回了南多布鲁贾。这是所有轴心国中唯一一个在战争结束后领土规模不缩反大的国家。。
由于苏联的入侵，保加利亚不幸沦为共产主义国家，皇室成员在战争结束后逃离了这个国家。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Once Romania had fallen to the Soviet’s control, Bulgaria quickly fell too and joined the Allies in 1944.
So was Bulgaria on the losing side for much of their participation? Yes. Did they capitulate and lose most of their battles? Yes.
But they protected their Jewish population.
They hindered the Nazi Regime's attempts at conquering the East.
They infuriated Hitler to no end.
And to this day, their reward for being the largest roadblock in the Reich's operations in the Balkans was the return of Southern Dobruja from Romania. The only country of all the Axis powers to grow in size after the war's end.
Bulgaria sadly fell to Communism due to the Soviet invasion, and the Royal Family did flee the country in the war's aftermath.
1943年鲍里斯三世突然去世，他的儿子西蒙二世在6岁时接管了国家。这个男孩自然无法领导保加利亚，所以保加利亚成为一支活跃的军事力量的能力仍然有限。
罗马尼亚落入苏联控制后，保加利亚也迅速沦陷，并于1944年加入盟军。
那么，保加利亚的大部分参与都是失败的一方吗? 是的。 他们投降并输掉了大部分战斗吗？ 是的。
但他们保护了他们的犹太人口。
他们阻碍了纳粹政权征服东方的企图。
他们激怒了希特勒。
直到今天，他们成为德国在巴尔干地区行动的最大障碍所得到的回报就是从罗马尼亚夺回了南多布鲁贾。这是所有轴心国中唯一一个在战争结束后领土规模不缩反大的国家。。
由于苏联的入侵，保加利亚不幸沦为共产主义国家，皇室成员在战争结束后逃离了这个国家。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
But Bulgaria's total lack of contribution to the war effort outside of their occupations saved not just the country itself, but probably helped keep the Axis from becoming stronger.
Way to go, Bulgaria. You are the only Axis power I have any resemblance of appreciation for.
EDIT: Thank you all so much for all the upvotes and comments! I have never hit 1k upvotes on an answer before, so this was quite exciting!
但是保加利亚在他们的工作之外对战争完全缺乏贡献，这不仅拯救了这个国家本身，而且可能有助于阻止轴心国变得更强大。
加油走下去，保加利亚。你是我唯一欣赏的轴心国力量。
编辑：非常感谢大家的所有投票和评论！ 我以前从未有一个回答得过1000点赞，所以这非常令人兴奋！
Way to go, Bulgaria. You are the only Axis power I have any resemblance of appreciation for.
EDIT: Thank you all so much for all the upvotes and comments! I have never hit 1k upvotes on an answer before, so this was quite exciting!
但是保加利亚在他们的工作之外对战争完全缺乏贡献，这不仅拯救了这个国家本身，而且可能有助于阻止轴心国变得更强大。
加油走下去，保加利亚。你是我唯一欣赏的轴心国力量。
编辑：非常感谢大家的所有投票和评论！ 我以前从未有一个回答得过1000点赞，所以这非常令人兴奋！
Sutekh Follow
I'd say the Chinese United Front helped the most (Yes, it's not a country, but let's pretend it was) for how little it's recognized.
China killed around 1.5 million Japanese soldiers and tied up millions more in the stalemate, thereby allowing the Americans and British to make a counterattack on the Japanese from 1943–1945. Chinese forces and civilians also sheltered the pilots and crewmen of downed American and British planes; a good example of this would be the Doolittle Raid: the bombers from the raid didn't have enough fuel to make it back to their carrier, so they had to ditch over China. One of the largest manhunts of the war was the Japanese trying to find the crewmen of the bombers of the Doolittle Raid so that they could bring them back to Japan and publicly humiliate them before killing them.
我想说中国的统一战线帮助最大（是的，它虽然不是一个完整的国家，但让我们假装它是）因为它很少被承认。
中国杀死了大约150万日本士兵，并在僵持中束缚了日军数百万人，从而使美国人和英国人在1943年至1945年期间对日本人进行了反击。中国军队和平民还为被击落的美国和英国飞机的飞行员和机组人员提供庇护；杜立特空袭就是一个很好的例子：空袭中的轰炸机没有足够的燃料返回航母，因此他们不得不在中国上空迫降。二战中最大的搜捕行动之一是日本人试图找到杜立特空袭轰炸机的机组人员，这样他们就可以将其带回日本，在杀死他们之前对他们进行公开羞辱。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I'd say the Chinese United Front helped the most (Yes, it's not a country, but let's pretend it was) for how little it's recognized.
China killed around 1.5 million Japanese soldiers and tied up millions more in the stalemate, thereby allowing the Americans and British to make a counterattack on the Japanese from 1943–1945. Chinese forces and civilians also sheltered the pilots and crewmen of downed American and British planes; a good example of this would be the Doolittle Raid: the bombers from the raid didn't have enough fuel to make it back to their carrier, so they had to ditch over China. One of the largest manhunts of the war was the Japanese trying to find the crewmen of the bombers of the Doolittle Raid so that they could bring them back to Japan and publicly humiliate them before killing them.
我想说中国的统一战线帮助最大（是的，它虽然不是一个完整的国家，但让我们假装它是）因为它很少被承认。
中国杀死了大约150万日本士兵，并在僵持中束缚了日军数百万人，从而使美国人和英国人在1943年至1945年期间对日本人进行了反击。中国军队和平民还为被击落的美国和英国飞机的飞行员和机组人员提供庇护；杜立特空袭就是一个很好的例子：空袭中的轰炸机没有足够的燃料返回航母，因此他们不得不在中国上空迫降。二战中最大的搜捕行动之一是日本人试图找到杜立特空袭轰炸机的机组人员，这样他们就可以将其带回日本，在杀死他们之前对他们进行公开羞辱。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
William Rance Follow
The question should expand to ‘countries’. Great Britain and France called upon support from a number of their African colonial outposts. Great Britain also relied heavily on the British Indian Army. And as far away as the Pacific Islands. Those colonial troops gave the war effort a tremendous boost — yet very little is said or given to the memory of those men who gave their support to a war far removed from their homeland. Quite rightly. The role that Commonwealth troops played is well documented — alas, not so for the many colonial troops involved in the conflict. My father in law’s British Army unit was attached to the African Rifles in west Africa during the war. He said that the African soldiers did a great job protecting the huge logistical ‘milk run’ throughout the continent during the war — releasing the British army from over extending its own personnel that were needed in the North African desert campaign and later the invasion of Sicily and Italy. Colonial units also popped up on many a road leading to the frontline — sadly, many a colonial soldier never made it home. When nations gather to remember their fallen comrades. Should we not lay a wreath at the Cenotaph in remembrance of those fallen colonial soldiers too?
这个问题的答案应该扩大到“国家”。英国和法国向他们在非洲的一些殖民地寻求支持。 英国也严重依赖英属印度军队。远至太平洋岛屿。这些殖民地部队给战争的结束带来了巨大的推动，但很少有人提及或缅怀那些远离家园的参加战争的人。也对，英联邦军队所扮演的角色有据可查——唉，对于卷入冲突的许多殖民军队而言，情况却并非如此。二战期间，我岳父隶属于英国陆军部队西非的非洲步枪队。他说，在战争期间，非洲士兵出色地保护了整个非洲大陆的巨大后勤通道-“牛奶通道”，使英国军队得以在北非战役以及后来反攻西西里岛和意大利时能够大量扩充自己的人员。殖民地部队也出现在许多通往前线的道路上——可悲的是，许多殖民地士兵再未回家。当各国聚集在一起纪念他们逝去的战友时，难道我们不应该在纪念碑前献花圈，以纪念那些牺牲的殖民地士兵吗？
The question should expand to ‘countries’. Great Britain and France called upon support from a number of their African colonial outposts. Great Britain also relied heavily on the British Indian Army. And as far away as the Pacific Islands. Those colonial troops gave the war effort a tremendous boost — yet very little is said or given to the memory of those men who gave their support to a war far removed from their homeland. Quite rightly. The role that Commonwealth troops played is well documented — alas, not so for the many colonial troops involved in the conflict. My father in law’s British Army unit was attached to the African Rifles in west Africa during the war. He said that the African soldiers did a great job protecting the huge logistical ‘milk run’ throughout the continent during the war — releasing the British army from over extending its own personnel that were needed in the North African desert campaign and later the invasion of Sicily and Italy. Colonial units also popped up on many a road leading to the frontline — sadly, many a colonial soldier never made it home. When nations gather to remember their fallen comrades. Should we not lay a wreath at the Cenotaph in remembrance of those fallen colonial soldiers too?
这个问题的答案应该扩大到“国家”。英国和法国向他们在非洲的一些殖民地寻求支持。 英国也严重依赖英属印度军队。远至太平洋岛屿。这些殖民地部队给战争的结束带来了巨大的推动，但很少有人提及或缅怀那些远离家园的参加战争的人。也对，英联邦军队所扮演的角色有据可查——唉，对于卷入冲突的许多殖民军队而言，情况却并非如此。二战期间，我岳父隶属于英国陆军部队西非的非洲步枪队。他说，在战争期间，非洲士兵出色地保护了整个非洲大陆的巨大后勤通道-“牛奶通道”，使英国军队得以在北非战役以及后来反攻西西里岛和意大利时能够大量扩充自己的人员。殖民地部队也出现在许多通往前线的道路上——可悲的是，许多殖民地士兵再未回家。当各国聚集在一起纪念他们逝去的战友时，难道我们不应该在纪念碑前献花圈，以纪念那些牺牲的殖民地士兵吗？
Wes Frank Follow
Canada, certainly.
They were stalwart in their defense of the West Atlantic shipping lanes against the U-boats for five and a half years.
当然是加拿大。
五年半来，他们坚定地保卫西大西洋航道免受德国U型潜艇的袭击。
Canada, certainly.
They were stalwart in their defense of the West Atlantic shipping lanes against the U-boats for five and a half years.
当然是加拿大。
五年半来，他们坚定地保卫西大西洋航道免受德国U型潜艇的袭击。
Canadian corvettes leaving Halifax in 1941 to escort convoys.
The Canadians mobilized their manpower to create a large army for the European war, beginning in 1939. They had the only organized, fully equipped infantry division in the British Isles in those fearful weeks after the Dunkirk evacuation and the French surrender.
In the perilous months that followed Dunkirk, Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King played a vital double strategic game. On the one hand, he had to put forth every possible effort to keep Great Britain in the war, to save its government and its navy from German control. On the other, he had to prepare for the worse by developing a working relationship with President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States. The unified air defense command Canada and the United States set up in 1940 still exists today as NORAD. The prodigious aid that Canada provided Britain helped sustain her through the war. After the war, Canada and the United States both worked to ease Britain’s debt load and created a five billion dollar loan program to sustain British finances through the first difficult years.
1941年，加拿大护卫舰离开哈利法克斯加入护航舰队。
从1939年开始，加拿大人动员他们的人力为欧洲战争创建了一支庞大的军队。在敦刻尔克撤离和法国投降后那可怕的几周里，他们是在不列颠群岛唯一一个有组织、装备齐全的步兵师。
在敦刻尔克战役之后的几个月里，威廉·里昂·麦肯齐·金首相进行了一场至关重要的双重战略博弈。 一方面，他必须竭尽全力让英国继续参战，使其政府和海军免于德国的控制。 另一方面，他不得不与美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福建立工作关系，以防万一。加拿大和美国于 1940 年成立的联合防空司令部今天仍然作为北美防空司令部存在。 加拿大向英国提供的巨额援助帮助英国度过了二战。战后，加拿大和美国都致力于减轻英国的债务负担，并制定了一项50亿美元的贷款计划，以维持英国财政度过最初的艰难岁月。
While Canada made a steady contribution to the Allied War effort in military production and finance, it built up its ground strength in Britain over the course of the war. Canadian infantry and armor served in both Sicily and Italy. A Canadian division led the way ashore on one of the five beaches of the Normandy invasion. The Canadian Army fought during the Battle of Normandy and the breakout that swept across France. It cleared the Scheldt Estuary in brutal fighting to allow the Allied Expeditionary Force to use the vital port of Antwerp. In the Battle of Germany, which saw Western Armies breach the Rhine River and drive eastward to Austria and Czechoslovakia, the Canadian 1st Army held down the left flank, cutting off vast numbers of German troops in coastal enclaves and liberating the Netherlands.
虽然加拿大在军事生产和财政方面为盟军的胜利做出了稳定的贡献，但在战争期间，它在英国建立了地面力量。加拿大步兵和装甲部队在意大利的西西里岛参战。一个加拿大师率先在诺曼底五个海滩之一登陆。加拿大军队参加了诺曼底战役和席卷法国的大解放战役。它在残酷的战斗中清除了斯海尔特河口，允许盟军远征军使用重要的安特卫普港口。在攻入德国的战役中，西方军队突破莱茵河，向东挺进奥地利和捷克斯洛伐克，加拿大第一集团军压制了德军左翼，包围了沿海飞地中的大量德军，解放了荷兰。
虽然加拿大在军事生产和财政方面为盟军的胜利做出了稳定的贡献，但在战争期间，它在英国建立了地面力量。加拿大步兵和装甲部队在意大利的西西里岛参战。一个加拿大师率先在诺曼底五个海滩之一登陆。加拿大军队参加了诺曼底战役和席卷法国的大解放战役。它在残酷的战斗中清除了斯海尔特河口，允许盟军远征军使用重要的安特卫普港口。在攻入德国的战役中，西方军队突破莱茵河，向东挺进奥地利和捷克斯洛伐克，加拿大第一集团军压制了德军左翼，包围了沿海飞地中的大量德军，解放了荷兰。
Canadians using a borrowed wagon to celebrate the liberation of the Netherlands in 1945
1945 年，加拿大士兵使用借来的马车庆祝荷兰解放。
Will Jessop Follow
I think there is a partial case for Canada as not everyone realizes the significance of their role however at the same time most people at least know that the various commonwealth nations were participants. Arguably the countries with the most unrecognised contribution are the latin american countries as many people don’t even know the fact they took part. And then alongside those there is Sweden. To most people Sweden was just a neutral state or worse a collaborator because it traded with Germany. Except that wasn’t the full picture. Though officially neutral Sweden was also feeding military intelligence to the Allies throughout the war and further to that leased part of it’s merchant navy to Britain. As an added footnote some individual Swedes also went to fight in Norway. Finally I would say the role of the junior axis countries like Slovakia, Croatia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania is often overlooked as well. And also I suspect that not many people in the west are aware of the role of Mongolia.
我认为加拿大是有部分理由的，因为并不是每个人都意识到他们角色的重要性，但与此同时，大多数人至少知道各个英联邦国家都是参与者。可以说，贡献最多但未被认可的国家是拉丁美洲国家，因为许多人甚至不知道他们参与了二战这一事实。然后除了这些还有瑞典。对大多数人来说，瑞典只是一个中立国家，或者是一个糟糕的合作者，因为它与德国有贸易往来。 但这不是事情的全部。虽然瑞典在官方上是中立的，但在整个战争期间，瑞典也向同盟国提供了军事情报，并进一步向英国出租了部分商船。作为补充说明，一些瑞典人也前往了挪威参战。最后我要说的是，斯洛伐克、克罗地亚、匈牙利、保加利亚和罗马尼亚等小轴心国的作用也经常被忽视。而且我怀疑西方没有多少人意识到蒙古所起到的作用。
I think there is a partial case for Canada as not everyone realizes the significance of their role however at the same time most people at least know that the various commonwealth nations were participants. Arguably the countries with the most unrecognised contribution are the latin american countries as many people don’t even know the fact they took part. And then alongside those there is Sweden. To most people Sweden was just a neutral state or worse a collaborator because it traded with Germany. Except that wasn’t the full picture. Though officially neutral Sweden was also feeding military intelligence to the Allies throughout the war and further to that leased part of it’s merchant navy to Britain. As an added footnote some individual Swedes also went to fight in Norway. Finally I would say the role of the junior axis countries like Slovakia, Croatia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania is often overlooked as well. And also I suspect that not many people in the west are aware of the role of Mongolia.
我认为加拿大是有部分理由的，因为并不是每个人都意识到他们角色的重要性，但与此同时，大多数人至少知道各个英联邦国家都是参与者。可以说，贡献最多但未被认可的国家是拉丁美洲国家，因为许多人甚至不知道他们参与了二战这一事实。然后除了这些还有瑞典。对大多数人来说，瑞典只是一个中立国家，或者是一个糟糕的合作者，因为它与德国有贸易往来。 但这不是事情的全部。虽然瑞典在官方上是中立的，但在整个战争期间，瑞典也向同盟国提供了军事情报，并进一步向英国出租了部分商船。作为补充说明，一些瑞典人也前往了挪威参战。最后我要说的是，斯洛伐克、克罗地亚、匈牙利、保加利亚和罗马尼亚等小轴心国的作用也经常被忽视。而且我怀疑西方没有多少人意识到蒙古所起到的作用。
Joshua Desautels Follow
Finland was invaded by the Soviet unx in the Winter War, which they held off as long as they could. This meant that they received much international admiration and sympathy, but it also led to them assisting the German invasion of the Soviet unx, because having just been invaded by the Soviets, there was no way they were going to then turn around and help the Soviets fight off the Germans. They were required to make minor territorial concessions to the Soviets, but avoided the total occupation that Eastern Europe was subjected to.
芬兰在冬季战争中被苏联入侵，他们在这场战争中尽可能地抵抗了。这意味着他们在国际上得到了很多的钦佩和同情，但也导致他们协助德国入侵了苏联，因为刚刚被苏联入侵，他们不可能回头帮助苏联击退德国人。他们被要求在领土上向苏联做出微小的让步，但避免了东欧遭受到全面占领。
Finland was invaded by the Soviet unx in the Winter War, which they held off as long as they could. This meant that they received much international admiration and sympathy, but it also led to them assisting the German invasion of the Soviet unx, because having just been invaded by the Soviets, there was no way they were going to then turn around and help the Soviets fight off the Germans. They were required to make minor territorial concessions to the Soviets, but avoided the total occupation that Eastern Europe was subjected to.
芬兰在冬季战争中被苏联入侵，他们在这场战争中尽可能地抵抗了。这意味着他们在国际上得到了很多的钦佩和同情，但也导致他们协助德国入侵了苏联，因为刚刚被苏联入侵，他们不可能回头帮助苏联击退德国人。他们被要求在领土上向苏联做出微小的让步，但避免了东欧遭受到全面占领。
Steinar Vilnes Follow
I think that Norways contribution is overlooked. It is correct that in terms of combat, Norway did not contribute that much, but we did contribute in other important ways.
In this period Norway was a major shipping power. We have 7 percent of the world tonnage and were the fourth largest civilian maritime power in the world. The large majority of this fleet was outside Axis control when Norway got invaded by Germany, and the norwegian merchant fleet continued to carry supplies for the allied nations thru out the war. This was especially important before the US entered the war, as merchant tonnage was needed to keep the British isles supplied during the height of the battles for the Atlantic.
我认为挪威的贡献被忽视了。没错，在战斗方面，挪威没有贡献那么多，但我们在其他重要方面确实做出了贡献。
在这一时期，挪威是主要的航运大国。我们拥有世界航运吨位的7%，是世界第四大民用海上力量。当挪威被德国入侵时，这支舰队的大部分都在轴心国控制之外，挪威商船队在整个战争期间继续为盟国运送补给。这在美国参战之前尤为重要，因为在大西洋战争最激烈的时候需要大量的商船来维持不列颠群岛的供应。
I think that Norways contribution is overlooked. It is correct that in terms of combat, Norway did not contribute that much, but we did contribute in other important ways.
In this period Norway was a major shipping power. We have 7 percent of the world tonnage and were the fourth largest civilian maritime power in the world. The large majority of this fleet was outside Axis control when Norway got invaded by Germany, and the norwegian merchant fleet continued to carry supplies for the allied nations thru out the war. This was especially important before the US entered the war, as merchant tonnage was needed to keep the British isles supplied during the height of the battles for the Atlantic.
我认为挪威的贡献被忽视了。没错，在战斗方面，挪威没有贡献那么多，但我们在其他重要方面确实做出了贡献。
在这一时期，挪威是主要的航运大国。我们拥有世界航运吨位的7%，是世界第四大民用海上力量。当挪威被德国入侵时，这支舰队的大部分都在轴心国控制之外，挪威商船队在整个战争期间继续为盟国运送补给。这在美国参战之前尤为重要，因为在大西洋战争最激烈的时候需要大量的商船来维持不列颠群岛的供应。
Hendrik Botha Follow
South Africa.
More specifically the Afrikaans speaking people…
Especially Jan Smuts the then prime minister of South Africa. He was Churchill’s advisor and instrumental in planning the Normany assault.
Jan Smuts, Winston Churchill and D-Day
Churchill also regularly consulted the South African Smuts.
Winston Churchill’s Great Contemporaries: Jan Christian Smuts
South Africa also played a vital part in the formation of the UN and the preamble to the UN was also drafted by Jan Smuts.
南非。
更具体地说是讲荷兰语的南非人……
特别是时任南非总理斯穆茨。他是丘吉尔的顾问，在策划诺曼底登陆中发挥了重要作用。
简·斯穆茨，温斯顿·丘吉尔和诺曼底登陆
丘吉尔还定期向南非的斯穆茨咨询。
温斯顿·丘吉尔的伟大同时代人：简·克里斯蒂安·斯穆茨
南非在联合国的成立中也发挥了重要作用，联合国宪章也是由简·斯穆茨起草的。。
South Africa.
More specifically the Afrikaans speaking people…
Especially Jan Smuts the then prime minister of South Africa. He was Churchill’s advisor and instrumental in planning the Normany assault.
Jan Smuts, Winston Churchill and D-Day
Churchill also regularly consulted the South African Smuts.
Winston Churchill’s Great Contemporaries: Jan Christian Smuts
South Africa also played a vital part in the formation of the UN and the preamble to the UN was also drafted by Jan Smuts.
南非。
更具体地说是讲荷兰语的南非人……
特别是时任南非总理斯穆茨。他是丘吉尔的顾问，在策划诺曼底登陆中发挥了重要作用。
简·斯穆茨，温斯顿·丘吉尔和诺曼底登陆
丘吉尔还定期向南非的斯穆茨咨询。
温斯顿·丘吉尔的伟大同时代人：简·克里斯蒂安·斯穆茨
南非在联合国的成立中也发挥了重要作用，联合国宪章也是由简·斯穆茨起草的。。
Grahame Muscat Follow
I can think of 3 countries actually China, India, and South Africa. As far as China goes WW2 had started alot earlier for them when Japan had invaded it back in the late 30’s however no one really did a thing about it until finally the US put some trade sanctions on Japan which eventually resulting in Japan attacking the USA. India contributed quite a lot of soldiers to the war effort mainly in North Africa, however India also was the prime target for the Japanese once they invaded Burma fortunately the allies kept them out. South Africa had an interesting disposition because alot of the Africana’s who were of Dutch abstract were very supportive of Hitler where as the English who controlled South Africa were all for supporting Britain. Most of their troops fought along side the allies in North Africa which included Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, Indian, Nepalese.
我可以想到三个国家，实际上是中国、印度和南非。就中国而言，二战对他们来说开始得要早得多了，当时日本在30年代末入侵了中国，但没有人真正对此采取行动，直到美国对日本实施贸易制裁，最终导致日本攻击美国。印度为北非战争贡献了相当多的士兵，然而，一旦日本入侵缅甸，印度也是他们的主要目标，幸运的是盟军把他们拒之门外。南非有一个有趣的倾向，因为很多非洲人都是荷兰人，他们非常支持希特勒，而控制南非的英国人都支持英国。他们的大部分军队在北非与盟友并肩作战，其中包括加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、尼泊尔。
I can think of 3 countries actually China, India, and South Africa. As far as China goes WW2 had started alot earlier for them when Japan had invaded it back in the late 30’s however no one really did a thing about it until finally the US put some trade sanctions on Japan which eventually resulting in Japan attacking the USA. India contributed quite a lot of soldiers to the war effort mainly in North Africa, however India also was the prime target for the Japanese once they invaded Burma fortunately the allies kept them out. South Africa had an interesting disposition because alot of the Africana’s who were of Dutch abstract were very supportive of Hitler where as the English who controlled South Africa were all for supporting Britain. Most of their troops fought along side the allies in North Africa which included Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, Indian, Nepalese.
我可以想到三个国家，实际上是中国、印度和南非。就中国而言，二战对他们来说开始得要早得多了，当时日本在30年代末入侵了中国，但没有人真正对此采取行动，直到美国对日本实施贸易制裁，最终导致日本攻击美国。印度为北非战争贡献了相当多的士兵，然而，一旦日本入侵缅甸，印度也是他们的主要目标，幸运的是盟军把他们拒之门外。南非有一个有趣的倾向，因为很多非洲人都是荷兰人，他们非常支持希特勒，而控制南非的英国人都支持英国。他们的大部分军队在北非与盟友并肩作战，其中包括加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、尼泊尔。
Richard Mathers Follow
The USSR. They had the most casualties, and are almost always demonized in history textbooks. Many of their contributions also go unnoticed, and others claim that they won due to their weather and/or human wave attacks. This is straight up wrong.
苏联。他们伤亡最多，而且在历史教科书中几乎总是被妖魔化。他们的许多贡献也没有引起注意，其他人则声称他们获胜是由于天气原因或人海冲锋。这是完全是错误的。
The USSR. They had the most casualties, and are almost always demonized in history textbooks. Many of their contributions also go unnoticed, and others claim that they won due to their weather and/or human wave attacks. This is straight up wrong.
苏联。他们伤亡最多，而且在历史教科书中几乎总是被妖魔化。他们的许多贡献也没有引起注意，其他人则声称他们获胜是由于天气原因或人海冲锋。这是完全是错误的。
Magnus Johansso Follow
1.China. Tied up a large part of the Japanese military.
2.Canada, as pointed out by another poster.
Romania. Its defection in 1944 cost the Germans 50 000 soldiers and most of their oil.
India would definitely be on the list if it had been independent, so gets a mention as well.
1.中国。牵制了很大一部分日军。
2.加拿大，正如另一个回答所指出的那样。
罗马尼亚。1944年，它的叛变使德国损失了5万名士兵和大部分石油供应。
如果印度是独立的，它肯定会在名单上，所以它也被提及。
1.China. Tied up a large part of the Japanese military.
2.Canada, as pointed out by another poster.
Romania. Its defection in 1944 cost the Germans 50 000 soldiers and most of their oil.
India would definitely be on the list if it had been independent, so gets a mention as well.
1.中国。牵制了很大一部分日军。
2.加拿大，正如另一个回答所指出的那样。
罗马尼亚。1944年，它的叛变使德国损失了5万名士兵和大部分石油供应。
如果印度是独立的，它肯定会在名单上，所以它也被提及。
Randall Withell Follow
China, from 1928–1945, with their on-going opposition to Imperial Japan, which never wavered, despite the immense material & human losses - greater than that of the Russians in 1941–1945.
If China had negotiated a peace with Imperial Japan, any time in the Thirties, the Japanese would have had much more powerful forces in place to bleed the US in the Pacific, & push back the British farther into north-east India.
Forgotten Heroes, indeed.
As of 1945, there were about 2,000,000 Japanese troops tied up in China. Think what damage they could have inflicted if they had been deployed to Iwo Jima, Tarawa, the Phillipines, Imphal, Kohima …
从1928年到1945年，中国一直抵抗日本的侵略，并从未动摇，尽管遭受了巨大的物质和人员损失——比1941年到1945年的俄罗斯人损失还要大。
如果中国与日本谈判并达成和平协议，那么在30年代的任何时候，日本人都会拥有更强大的力量来让美国在太平洋流血，并将英国人推回印度东北部。
被遗忘的英雄，确实如此。
截至1945年，约有200万日军被困在中国。想想看，如果他们被部署到硫磺岛、塔拉瓦岛、菲律宾、英帕尔岛、科希马岛……
China, from 1928–1945, with their on-going opposition to Imperial Japan, which never wavered, despite the immense material & human losses - greater than that of the Russians in 1941–1945.
If China had negotiated a peace with Imperial Japan, any time in the Thirties, the Japanese would have had much more powerful forces in place to bleed the US in the Pacific, & push back the British farther into north-east India.
Forgotten Heroes, indeed.
As of 1945, there were about 2,000,000 Japanese troops tied up in China. Think what damage they could have inflicted if they had been deployed to Iwo Jima, Tarawa, the Phillipines, Imphal, Kohima …
从1928年到1945年，中国一直抵抗日本的侵略，并从未动摇，尽管遭受了巨大的物质和人员损失——比1941年到1945年的俄罗斯人损失还要大。
如果中国与日本谈判并达成和平协议，那么在30年代的任何时候，日本人都会拥有更强大的力量来让美国在太平洋流血，并将英国人推回印度东北部。
被遗忘的英雄，确实如此。
截至1945年，约有200万日军被困在中国。想想看，如果他们被部署到硫磺岛、塔拉瓦岛、菲律宾、英帕尔岛、科希马岛……
Craig Borley Follow
New Zealand.
Hands down.
Because of a chap called Ernest Rutherford who came from a tiny town near Nelson, on the South Island.
Near the end of World War One, he was researching atomic theory. And in 1919 he published his work. He’d split the atom.
Sure, New Zealand contributed heavily in other ways too. In fact on a percentage basis our human contribution and sacrifice in both world wars was incredibly significant.
And sure, we contributed financially, and with equipment and food and the like.
But via the mind of a kiwi nerd, the atomic age began. And we all know how that impacted WW2.
毫无疑问是新西兰。
因为一个叫欧内斯特·卢瑟福的小伙子，他来自南岛纳尔逊附近的一个小镇。
第一次世界大战快结束时，他正在研究原子理论。并于1919年发表了他的作品。他可以使原子裂变。
当然，新西兰在其他方面也做出了巨大贡献。事实上，按百分比计算，我们的人在两次世界大战中的贡献和牺牲都是非常重要的。
当然，我们在经济上、设备上、食物上都做出了贡献。
但是通过一个新西兰书呆子的头脑，原子弹时代开始了。我们都知道这对二战有何影响。
New Zealand.
Hands down.
Because of a chap called Ernest Rutherford who came from a tiny town near Nelson, on the South Island.
Near the end of World War One, he was researching atomic theory. And in 1919 he published his work. He’d split the atom.
Sure, New Zealand contributed heavily in other ways too. In fact on a percentage basis our human contribution and sacrifice in both world wars was incredibly significant.
And sure, we contributed financially, and with equipment and food and the like.
But via the mind of a kiwi nerd, the atomic age began. And we all know how that impacted WW2.
毫无疑问是新西兰。
因为一个叫欧内斯特·卢瑟福的小伙子，他来自南岛纳尔逊附近的一个小镇。
第一次世界大战快结束时，他正在研究原子理论。并于1919年发表了他的作品。他可以使原子裂变。
当然，新西兰在其他方面也做出了巨大贡献。事实上，按百分比计算，我们的人在两次世界大战中的贡献和牺牲都是非常重要的。
当然，我们在经济上、设备上、食物上都做出了贡献。
但是通过一个新西兰书呆子的头脑，原子弹时代开始了。我们都知道这对二战有何影响。
Lars Nygaard Follow
The two most underrated contributions were, in my opinion, China and Spain.
China did not do very well militarily, losing pretty much all battles, but the fact that it did not capitulate, even when it was almost without allies, bogged most of the Japanese Army. As a result, Japan could not attack The Soviet unx, and US forces faced light resistance in the Pacific.
Spain was in fact not a combattant at all, but the Spanish refusal to join the Axis, even though Franco was in power only because of the interventions of Hitler and Mussolini, was crucial in the battle for the Mediterranean. Actually taking Gibraltar would have been difficult (but not impossible), but German air and submarine bases could have tipped the scales.
在我看来，两个最被低估的贡献国家是中国和西班牙。
中国在军事上表现不佳，几乎输掉了所有的战斗，但即使在几乎没有盟友的情况下它也没有投降，这一事实让大多数日本军队陷入困境。结果是，日本无法攻击苏联，而美军在太平洋面临轻微抵抗。
西班牙实际上根本不是参战国，但西班牙拒绝加入轴心国，尽管佛朗哥上台是因为希特勒和墨索里尼的干预，但西班牙拒绝加入轴心国，这在地中海战役中至关重要。实际上，占领直布罗陀会很困难(但并非不可能)，但德国的空军和潜艇基地可能会扭转局势。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The two most underrated contributions were, in my opinion, China and Spain.
China did not do very well militarily, losing pretty much all battles, but the fact that it did not capitulate, even when it was almost without allies, bogged most of the Japanese Army. As a result, Japan could not attack The Soviet unx, and US forces faced light resistance in the Pacific.
Spain was in fact not a combattant at all, but the Spanish refusal to join the Axis, even though Franco was in power only because of the interventions of Hitler and Mussolini, was crucial in the battle for the Mediterranean. Actually taking Gibraltar would have been difficult (but not impossible), but German air and submarine bases could have tipped the scales.
在我看来，两个最被低估的贡献国家是中国和西班牙。
中国在军事上表现不佳，几乎输掉了所有的战斗，但即使在几乎没有盟友的情况下它也没有投降，这一事实让大多数日本军队陷入困境。结果是，日本无法攻击苏联，而美军在太平洋面临轻微抵抗。
西班牙实际上根本不是参战国，但西班牙拒绝加入轴心国，尽管佛朗哥上台是因为希特勒和墨索里尼的干预，但西班牙拒绝加入轴心国，这在地中海战役中至关重要。实际上，占领直布罗陀会很困难(但并非不可能)，但德国的空军和潜艇基地可能会扭转局势。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Terry Baird Follow
Canada. Their war production was stupendous for a nation of their population. They ended the war with the worlds 3rd largest Navy. Of the five beaches assaulted on D-Day, One, Juno was assigned to the Canadians. They act all nice…until its time not to be nice.
加拿大。对于他们这样的人口基数的国家来说，他们的战争产量是惊人的。他们以世界第三大海军的姿态结束了战争。在诺曼底登陆中盟军袭击的五个海滩中，朱诺海滩被分配给了加拿大人。他们表现得很好…当他们不再友善的时候。
Canada. Their war production was stupendous for a nation of their population. They ended the war with the worlds 3rd largest Navy. Of the five beaches assaulted on D-Day, One, Juno was assigned to the Canadians. They act all nice…until its time not to be nice.
加拿大。对于他们这样的人口基数的国家来说，他们的战争产量是惊人的。他们以世界第三大海军的姿态结束了战争。在诺曼底登陆中盟军袭击的五个海滩中，朱诺海滩被分配给了加拿大人。他们表现得很好…当他们不再友善的时候。
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