调查显示,英国是在离婚和堕胎问题上最自由的国家之一
2023-03-10 jiangye111 6247
正文翻译
UK among most liberal countries on divorce and abortion, survey reveals
-Global study shows significant shift in UK attitudes on matters such as casual sex and assisted dying

调查显示,英国是在离婚和堕胎问题上最自由的国家之一
——全球研究显示,英国人对随意性行为和安乐死等问题的态度发生了重大转变


(In the UK, 65% of respondents said they found homosexuality acceptable.)

(在英国,65%的受访者表示他们认为同性恋是可以接受的。)
新闻:

The UK has overtaken Canada, Germany and Australia to become one of the world’s most socially liberal nations towards divorce and abortion, the latest wave of a global study has revealed.

最新一项全球研究显示,英国已经超过加拿大、德国和澳大利亚,成为世界上对离婚和堕胎最宽容的国家之一。

Significant increases in the last five years in people saying the practices are justifiable is mirrored by sharply increasing acceptance of homosexuality, casual sex and prostitution over the same period, the World Values Survey found.

世界价值观调查发现,在过去五年中,认为这些行为是合理的人数显著增加,与此同时,人们对同性恋、随意性行为和卖淫的接受程度也大幅上升。

The latest wave of the survey, analysed by the Policy Institute at King’s College London, focuses on 24 countries across the Americas, Asia, Africa, Europe and the Middle East, accounting for about half of the world’s population.

伦敦国王学院政策研究所对最新一轮调查进行了分析,重点调查了美洲、亚洲、非洲、欧洲和中东的24个国家,这些国家的人口约占世界人口的一半。

The UK now ranks in the top four countries for considering divorce, abortion, euthanasia, suicide and casual sex justifiable. Swedes are the most liberal on divorce and abortion, Germans on euthanasia and the French on suicide. While 48% of Australians think casual sex is justifiable, only 1% of Chinese people agree. Nigerians are the least accepting of homosexuality and divorce; Egyptians oppose abortion and suicide most; and only 1% of South Koreans think prostitution is justifiable, compared with more than a quarter of Australians.

在认为离婚、堕胎、安乐死、自杀和随意性行为合理的国家中,英国位列前四。瑞典人在离婚和堕胎问题上最宽容,德国人在安乐死问题上最宽容,法国人在自杀问题上最宽容。48%的澳大利亚人认为随意性行为是合理的,但只有1%的中国人同意这一观点。尼日利亚人最不接受同性恋和离婚;埃及人最反对堕胎和自杀;只有1%的韩国人认为卖淫是正当的,而澳大利亚的这一比例超过四分之一。
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Academics said the findings exposed how much more liberal the UK has become over a relatively short period of time and showed how politicians may face public pressure in the near future to consider reform on sensitive topics such as assisted dying.

学者们表示,调查结果暴露出英国在相对较短的时间内变得更加自由,并显示出政客们在不久的将来可能会面临公众压力,要求他们考虑在安乐死等敏感话题上进行改革。

Since 2009, the proportion of people across all UK generations considering casual sex justifiable has at least doubled. While the youngest people are the most accepting of divorce, over half of the prewar generation agree, up from about 20% in 2009.

自2009年以来,英国各年龄段的人认为随意性行为合情合理的比例至少翻了一番。虽然最年轻的人最能接受离婚,但也有超过一半的二战前一代同意离婚,而2009年这一比例约为20%。

“What were once pressing moral concerns – things like homosexuality, divorce and casual sex – have become simple facts of life for much of the public,” said Prof Bobby Duffy, director of the Policy Institute. “This mostly isn’t just driven by younger generations replacing older generations. All generations have changed their views significantly.”

政策研究所所长鲍比·达菲教授说:“同性恋、离婚和随意性行为等曾经是紧迫的道德问题,对大多数公众来说已成为简单的生活事实。这主要不仅仅是因为年轻一代取代了老一辈。所有人的观点都发生了巨大的变化。”

The increasing acceptability of divorce does not appear to have increased its prence. In 2021, divorce rates in England and Wales hit their highest level since 2014, but remained lower than during the noughties, according to the Office for National Statistics.

人们对离婚的接受程度的提高似乎并没有增加离婚率。根据英国国家统计局的数据,2021年,英格兰和威尔士的离婚率达到了2014年以来的最高水平,但仍低于本世纪头十年的水平。

Abortion providers have reported being “busier than ever”, and NHS England has reported increased demand. The director of one major provider, Dr Jonathan Lord, of MSI Reproductive Choices UK, told the Guardian in January that the rise was being driven by “the economic downturn, the cost of living crisis and the ability to access good quality contraception” via GPs and sexual health services, which have been affected by the wider NHS crisis.

据报道,堕胎服务商“比以往任何时候都忙”,英国国家医疗服务体系也报告称,需求有所增加。英国MSI生殖选择公司的主管乔纳森·洛德博士1月份告诉《卫报》,这一增长是由“经济衰退、生活成本危机和通过全科医生和性健康服务获得高质量避孕的能力”所推动的,这些都受到了更广泛的国家医疗服务体系危机的影响。

Amid the banning of abortion in some US states, pro-choice campaigners have warned that people should not assume abortion rights will remain protected in the UK. Brook, a sexual health charity, has described it as “a precarious and stigmatised part of UK healthcare”.

在美国一些州禁止堕胎的情况下,支持堕胎的活动人士警告说,人们不应该认为英国的堕胎权会继续受到保护。性健康慈善机构Brook将其描述为“英国医疗保健中不稳定和耻辱的一部分”。

One issue on which the UK remains mid-table is the death penalty, with 55% of people considering it justifiable or potentially justifiable. The findings – which come after it emerged the Conservative party deputy chair, Lee Anderson, had recently advocated the return of capital punishment – show that people in Russia, Nigeria, Indonesia, Germany and among more than half of the countries surveyed were more opposed to the death penalty than those in Britain.

在英国仍然处于中间位置的一个问题是死刑,55%的人认为死刑是合理的或可能是合理的。调查结果显示,在俄罗斯、尼日利亚、印度尼西亚、德国和超过一半的被调查国家中,人们比英国人更反对死刑。此前,保守党副主席李·安德森最近主张恢复死刑。

Duffy said British enthusiasm for executions had softened over recent years, but the issue was bound up with political identities, “with Conservative voters much more supportive of capital punishment [67% said it was at least potentially justifiable] than Labour voters [47%], which helps explain why it continues to be brought up in political discussions”.

达菲说,近年来,英国人对死刑的热情有所减弱,但这个问题与政治身份有关,“保守党选民比工党选民(47%)更支持死刑(67%的人认为至少可能是合理的),这有助于解释为什么它继续在政治讨论中被提及。”

The number of people considering suicide justifiable also increased in the UK at the highest rate seen since the global study began in 1981. It appears to have been driven up in part by generation Z (born since 1996), a third of whom think suicide is justifiable – far higher than all other UK generations and double the number among baby boomers (born between 1945 and 1965).

自1981年全球研究开始以来,英国认为自杀是合理的人数也以最高的速度增长。这似乎部分是由Z世代(1996年以后出生)推动的,其中三分之一的人认为自杀是合理的,这一比例远远高于英国其他所有世代,是婴儿潮一代(1945年至1965年出生)的两倍。

All generations, including those born before the second world war, are becoming increasingly likely to consider suicide justifiable, although across the whole population most do not.

所有人,包括二战前出生的人,都越来越倾向于认为自杀是合理的,尽管在整个人口中,大多数人并不这么认为。

The suicide rate in England and Wales has been broadly steady since 2008 after falling over the previous 25 years. In 2021 there were 5,583 suicides registered, three-quarters of which were in men. Men aged 50 to 54 years had the highest age-specific suicide rate, at about double that of those in their 20s.

自2008年以来,英格兰和威尔士的自杀率基本稳定,此前25年一直在下降。2021年,登记在案的自杀人数为5583人,其中四分之三为男性。50至54岁的男性自杀率最高,约为20多岁男性的两倍。
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Duffy said generation Z’s acceptance of suicide “could simply be a sign of an increasingly tolerant society and a cohort of young that better understands and engages on mental health issues”. He added that while there had not been significant increases in suicide rates among the young, there had been an increase in suicide attempts and self-harming behaviours.

达菲说,Z世代对自杀的接受“可能只是一个越来越宽容的社会的标志,年轻人更好地理解和参与心理健康问题”。他补充说,虽然年轻人的自杀率没有显著增加,但自杀企图和自残行为却有所增加。

The growth in acceptance of euthanasia continues in the UK despite its continued criminalisation. Over the last 25 years, acceptance has risen above attitudes in Canada, where some medically assisted dying has been legal since 2016. In the UK, 47% of people now think it is justifiable, up from 20% in 1981. But acceptance remains lower than in Germany and Australia.

尽管安乐死仍被定为犯罪行为,但在英国,接受安乐死的人数仍在增长。在过去的25年里,加拿大人对安乐死的接受程度已经超过了人们的态度,自2016年以来,一些医疗协助下的死亡已经合法。在英国,现在有47%的人认为这是合理的,而1981年只有20%。但接受度仍低于德国和澳大利亚。
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A private member’s bill to “allow terminally ill, mentally capable adults to have the option of accelerating their deaths with medical assistance” is at the reading stage in the House of Lords. The last time a similar bill was introduced in 2015, it was heavily defeated in the Commons.

一项私人议员的法案“允许患有绝症的、有精神能力的成年人选择在医疗帮助下加速他们的死亡”正在上议院的读审阶段。上一次类似的法案是在2015年提出的,但在下议院遭到惨烈反对。

评论翻译
TheAngryNaterpillar
I'd imagine this is because the UK is becoming an increasingly non-religious country. Most of the things the article mentions (divorce, casual sex, homosexuality, abortion etc) are things people are usually opposed to because of their religious values.

我想这是因为英国正在成为一个越来越没有宗教信仰的国家。这篇文章提到的大多数行为(离婚、随意性行为、同性恋、堕胎等等)都是人们通常会因为宗教价值观而反对的行为。
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ShibuRigged
It’s also worth pointing it that the majority f the world is massively conservative. Outside of the chronically online bubble which fantasies about developing countries being Meccas of diversity and tolerance, they really aren’t.
It doesn’t really take much to be considered among the most liberal countries with regards to divorce and abortion, sadly.

同样值得指出的是,世界上大多数人都非常保守。长期以来,人们在网上幻想发展中国家是多元化和宽容的“麦加”,但事实并非如此。
不幸的是,在这些被认为是最自由的国家中,不需要考虑太多人们就会离婚和堕胎。

Tulikettuja
What people consider, and the reality of accessing these things are very different. We only got no-fault divorce last year. Getting an abortion is more difficult than more genuinely liberal countries.

人们的想法和获取这些东西的现实是非常不同的。我们去年才无过错离婚。在美国,堕胎比真正自由的国家更加困难。
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JaxckLl
No, it’s because the UK is generally one of the most liberal in the world. Religion has nothing to do with it; there’s plenty of secular states with backwards ideologies.

不,这是因为英国通常是世界上最自由的国家之一。宗教与此无关;有很多意识形态落后的世俗国家。

nerfrunescimmy
Sorry but not even mainstream Christians are against divorce or abortion, it’s Islam and other which are continuing to be against this.

抱歉,即使是主流基督徒也不反对离婚或堕胎,伊斯兰教和其他宗教继续反对这一点。

thepicto
Like all those Islamic politicians in America rolling back abortion rights?

就像那些美国的伊斯兰政客们推翻堕胎权一样?

birdinthebush74
Yep. Beliefs regarding abortion have been studied by sociologists and religious belief is the biggest factor in being anti abortion.

是的。社会学家对堕胎的看法进行了研究,宗教信仰是反对堕胎的最大因素。

Duke_of_Redditland
Wish they gave us more info here. What were the other options other than justifiable or acceptable, because 48% seeing abortion as acceptable seems low to me. Same with other things like divorce and casual sex. All around 40% acceptance, which seems low to me.

希望他们能给我们更多信息。除了合理或可接受,还有什么其他选择,因为48%的人认为堕胎是可接受的,这在我看来很低。离婚和随意性行为也一样。大约40%的接受度,在我看来也很低。

Secret_Scale_4288
It's not difficult at all. BPAS had a bit of a backlog after COVID but generally speaking divorce is a few simple forms (unless financial settlements are required) and abortion just requires a telephone consultation (in most cases) and your drugs come in the post.

堕胎一点也不难。英国孕期咨询服务处在新冠疫情后有一些积压,但一般来说,离婚就是填一些简单的表格(除非需要分财产),堕胎只需要电话咨询(在大多数情况下),然后你的堕胎药就被邮寄过来了。

mysticpotatocolin
it was difficult for me! i went to marie stopes and was rejected by a pro-life nurse who told me i was too early (i wasn’t) and that i needed to not have sex next time and that it was a consequence of my own actions and i needed to get a grip. called BPAS and they had no appointments for 3 weeks. this was 2018. also had friends who have been called murderers and sl*ts by abortion care nurses to try to persuade them not to. it’s not overly easy to get one imho.

这对我来说太难了!我去了玛丽斯特普服务站,被一位反堕胎的护士拒绝了,她告诉我,我怀得太早了(我已经不早了),下次我不需要做爱,这是我自己行为的后果,我需要控制一下。打电话给孕期咨询服务处,他们三周之内都没有预约名额了。这是2018年。还有一些朋友被堕胎护理护士称为“杀人犯”和“人渣”,试图说服她们不要堕胎。恕我直言,想成功堕胎可不容易。

redsquizzaMiddlesex
I hope they reported those nurses to their professional bodies and/or the hospital. They shouldn't be allowed near abortion patients!

我希望他们向他们的专业机构和/或医院举报这些护士。她们不应该被允许接近堕胎者!

Secret_Scale_4288
That sounds both troubling and bizarre and I'm sorry you had to go through that. If you encounter a pro-life abortion nurse you should definitely report them to their organisation as they clearly have no place there!
Probably depends on location as well, I've heard nothing but positive accounts of BPAS in my local area but wouldn't be surprising to hear that not everywhere is the same.

这听起来既麻烦又奇怪,你经历这些我感到很遗憾。如果你遇到反堕胎护士,你一定要向她们的组织举报,因为她们显然不适合这个岗位!
可能也取决于地点,在我所在的地区,我只听到了关于孕期咨询服务处的积极报道,但如果听说不是每个地方都一样,我也不会感到惊讶的。

mysticpotatocolin
we reported a while after! it was just way too much at the time to go through. it was London so i can get why they’re busy, it was just really awful to have to be pregnant for two weeks and not want to be, then have that extended for ?? weeks. luckily my bf at the time randomly got £500 so we went private, which we wouldn’t have been able to afford either !

不久之后我们就举报了!那时候我承受的太多了。那是在伦敦,所以我能理解他们为什么这么忙,只是不想怀孕时怀孕两周真的很糟糕,然后又延长了??怀了好几周。幸运的是,我当时的男朋友碰巧得到了500英镑,所以我们去了私人诊所(堕胎),否则我们连私人诊所堕胎都负担不起!

X_Trisarahtops_X
It's more common than you think. I used to be a pharmacy technician. I worked with 2 locum pharmacists regularly who's religious views allowed them to refuse the morning after pill. People straight up couldn't get it when those locums were working.
They did both signpost to other pharmacies where someone else could sell it to them but its not illegal to refuse sale on religious grounds. (Though, I did stop working as a pharmacy tech in 2018, but I doubt its changed much in the last 5 years). This was in Central Brighton too, which, arguably, is one of the most liberal cities going.

这比你想象的要普遍得多。我以前是个药房技术员。我经常和两个临时药剂师合作,他们的宗教观点让他们拒绝开事后避孕药。在需要那些药的时候,人们根本买不到。
他们都做了其他药店的路标,在那里别人可以卖给他们,但以宗教为由拒绝销售并不违法。(不过,我确实在2018年停止了制药技术人员的工作,但我怀疑在过去5年里它发生了多大变化)。这还是在布莱顿市中心,可以说,这是最自由的城市之一。

DownvotesInbound
It'd be nice if the UK would take a stronger stance against false rape accusers. Knew a guy who's life got turned upside down and the girl who lied carried on shamelessly like nothing happened.
My friend was never the same again after that. He has anxiety and depression and is scared to even talk to a girl anymore. That girl ruined his life and throughout the legal process he was treated like a criminal. That sort of mental torture isn't fair and I truly believe a liberal country would want to hold these liars (especially repeat offenders) to be prosecuted.

如果英国能对虚假强奸指控者采取更强硬的立场,那就太好了。我认识一个男人,他的生活因此被搞得天翻地覆而那个撒谎的女孩却若无其事地继续生活。
从那以后,我的朋友就变了。他有焦虑和抑郁,甚至不敢再和女孩说话了。那个女孩毁了他的生活,在整个法律程序中,他被当作罪犯对待。这种精神折磨是不公平的,我真的相信一个自由的国家应当想要起诉这些说谎者(尤其是惯犯)。

dee-acorn
Did they prove she lied or did they just fail to prove that a rape occurred, because those are very different circumstances in terms of dishing out justice.

他们是否证明她撒谎了,还是他们没能证明发生了强奸,因为就伸张正义而言,这是非常不同的情况。

DownvotesInbound
It was proven she had lied. During the police interview the girl asked the police officer: Can we tell his workplace so he will lose his job?", which the police then used as evidence in court. She also continued to change her story multiple times. The guy she accused had no criminal record and was extremely timid throughout the trial and nobody believed he'd be able to hurt a girl.
She had been attacking him for months despite them dating. He even called the police on her for attacking him and the officers laughed at him. He ended up writing down every time an assault occurred into a book to make a log of it. During court that was later used as evidence.

事实证明她撒谎了。在警察的审讯中,女孩问警察:“我们能告诉他的工作地点吗,这样他就会失去工作?”警察随后将这句话作为法庭证据。她还继续多次改变她的故事。她指控的那个人没有犯罪记录,整个审判过程中都非常胆小,没有人相信他会伤害一个女孩。
尽管他们在约会,但几个月来她一直在攻击他。他甚至因为被她打而报警,警察们嘲笑他。最后,他把每次发生的被打事件都记在一本本子上,做了一个日志。在法庭上被用作证据。
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Cannonball_Dance
I find the situation in Scotland quite bewildering.
Abortion is legal. Her body her choice etc.
However the authorities won’t reveal the sex of a baby until it’s too late to legally abort. Because apparently aborting before 24 weeks is only ok if the Government agrees with your reasons.
Pretty ironic.

我发现苏格兰的情况令人困惑。
堕胎是合法的。她的身体,她有选择权等等。
然而,当局不会透露婴儿的性别,直到已经过了合法堕胎的期限。因为显然只有政府同意你的理由后,你才可以在24周之前流产。
这很讽刺。

Darkone539
However the authorities won’t reveal the sex of a baby until it’s too late to legally abort. Because apparently aborting before 24 weeks is only ok if the Government agrees with your reasons.
Pretty ironic.
There was a problem with minority groups only wanting boys. This was true in England too. Not sure it's problem to not know the sex.

“然而,当局不会透露婴儿的性别,直到已经过了合法堕胎的期限。因为显然只有政府同意你的理由后,你才可以在24周之前流产。
这很讽刺”
少数群体只想生男孩是有问题的。在英国也是如此。我不明白不知道性别会有什么问题。

Iggy_spots
It prevents people from aborting children because they wanted a child of a different sex.

它可以防止人们因为想要一个不同性别的孩子而堕胎。

Pimpcool420
But if you subscribe to the framing that they're fetuses (not children) and that it's "her body, her choice" then there's nothing wrong with sex-sextive abortions.

但如果你认同这样的框架:他们是胚胎(不是孩子),以及这是“她的身体,她有选择权”,那么性别选择性堕胎就没有错。

asjitshot
It's because people are too scared to speak their mind.
J K Rowling dared to state that trans women weren't women and were undermining actual female accomplishments and now you'd think she was a far right Nazi because she...spoke the truth.
Certain trans individuals ARE undermining women, take a look at what happened in sport when trans athletes competed against women.. people who trained their entire lives were beaten by an individual with twice the muscle mass because it declared it felt like a woman.. despite the cock and bollocks between his legs. The whole thing was an absolute travesty.
Then you have some of the LGBT community declaring that if a straight man wouldn't date a trans "woman" he's transphobic.
There's a fantastic documentary that shows just how extremist the current trans groups are and how scared people are to debunk their stupid rhetoric called "What is a woman?".
In the film politicians on the left are asked to describe what a woman is.. a ridiculously easy question to answer for me but they're speechless.. because if they say it's a biological female they'll be seen as spreading "hate speech".
The world has gone completely fucking mad.

这是因为人们太害怕说出自己的想法。
J·K·罗琳敢说变性女性不是女性,而且这是在破坏女性真正的成就,现在你会认为她是极右翼纳粹分子,因为她……说了大实话。
某些变性者正在破坏女性,看看变性运动员与女性比赛时,体育场上发生了什么。一辈子都在训练的人会被一个肌肉量是她两倍的人打败,因为这个人宣称“感觉自己像女人”。尽管他两腿间有JB和DD。整件事是绝对的讽刺。
然后,一些跨性别恋群体宣称,如果一个直男不愿意和一个变性“女人”约会,他就是“变性恐惧症”。
有一部精彩的纪录片,展示了当前的跨性别群体是多么极端,人们是多么害怕揭穿他们被称为“何为女人?”的愚蠢言论。
在这部片子中,左翼政客被要求描述什么是女人。在我看来,这是一个非常简单的问题,但他们都说不出话来。因为如果他们说这是一个生理上的女性,他们就会被视为传播“仇恨言论”。
整个世界都tmd疯了。

yoghurtpotsEssex
ah yes, 'What is a woman', a documentary made by self-described "theocratic fascist" Matt Walsh, whose views include that abortion should be criminalized.

是的,《何为女人》,这部纪录片是由自称“神权法西斯”的马特·沃尔什拍摄的,他的观点包括“堕胎应该被定为犯罪”。

Apart_Supermarket441
There’s a massive gulf between the perception of the U.K., as mostly espoused online, and the data we have on social attitudes.
For example, British social attitudes survey show that in the last ten years we’ve become increasingly liberal on many topics, but this runs completely counter to the perception that we’ve gone backwards.
I’m not downplaying the issues but all of the data we have shows that we are one of the most liberal countries on the planet.

人们对英国的看法(大部分在网上得到支持)与我们掌握的社会心态数据之间存在着巨大的鸿沟。
比如,英国社会态度调查显示,在过去的十年里,我们在许多话题上变得越来越自由,但这与我们倒退的实际感觉完全相反。
我不是在淡化这些问题,但我们拥有的所有数据都表明,我们是这个星球上最自由的国家之一(但我们的真实感受呢)。

istaraAustralia[S]
My sense is that people like to self-flagellate a lot about these issues. The reality is that while there's still some way to go, the UK is not necessarily behind other developed countries.
England and Wales legalised gay marriage in 2013 (Scotland a year later) - compared with Australia of Sydney Mardi Gras fame which only managed it in 2017. According to this list we were pretty middling.

我的感觉是人们喜欢在这些问题上自我鞭笞。现实情况是,尽管还有一段路要走,但英国并不一定落后于其他发达国家。
英格兰和威尔士在2013年就将同性婚姻合法化了(苏格兰晚了一年),而澳大利亚在2017年才在悉尼狂欢节上实现了同性婚姻合法化。根据这份名单,我们的排名相当中等。

XxHavanaHoneyxX
Yet the UK is pretty fucking awful for trans people.

然而英国对变性人来说相当糟糕。

Quagers
I mean, its not when compared to the average global position......

我的意思是,与全球平均水平相比并不糟糕……

XxHavanaHoneyxX
It is. And it’s why the Council of Europe listed the UK alongside Poland, Hungary, Turkey and Russia for its regressive attitudes. Most countries do not treat their trans community the way the UK does. Sure there are whataboutisms like Uganda and Saudi Arabia. But if you have to reach to the worst possible countries to make the UK look good then it ain’t.

还是糟糕。这就是为什么欧洲委员会将英国与波兰、匈牙利、土耳其和俄罗斯一起列为倒退态度的原因。大多数国家并不像英国那样对待它们的跨性别群体。当然也有像乌干达和沙特阿拉伯这样的极端主义地方。但如果你必须去最糟糕的国家才能让英国看起来更好,那就说明它不好。

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