工程学毕业后有哪些不同的职业选择?(一)
2023-05-18 辽阔天空 3429
正文翻译




原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


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Jasmine Paul
My advice for every b.tech aspirant(or otherwise) out there will be to study as hard as possible during your 4 years of college and try to engage in extra-curricular activities too.
Whether you are forced by your parents or you really are an engineering maniac, try to study hard whatever is put in front of you.
Learn it,understand it and then hate it finally if you want.
For example, I can never tell you biriyani is my favourite food if I have not tried it. Similarly, if you want to know your real passion, study your subjects. Know them.
Your B.tech degree will never make you an engineer.
Of course, you can get an engineer tag through your campus placements but there is only a very little chance for you to end up in a real engineering role where your ideas are valued and solutions subjected to experimentation.
You are going to put yourself in various fields in these 4 years. And that’s when you realize the following :-

我给每一个有志于理工的人(或其他人)的建议是,在大学四年期间尽可能努力学习,并尝试参加课外活动。
无论你是被父母逼迫,还是你真的是一个工程狂,无论摆在你面前的是什么,都要努力学习。
学会它,理解它,然后最后再讨厌它——只要你还是这样想的。
例如,如果我没有尝试过,我永远不会告诉你印度炖饭Biryani是我最喜欢的食物。同样,如果你想知道你真正的热情,那就研究你的科目,了解他们。
你的理工学士学位永远不会让你成为一名工程师。
当然,你可以通过校园实习获得工程师标签,但你最终担任真正的工程的机会很小,你的想法受到重视,解决方案也得经过验证。
在这4年里,你要把自己融入各个领域。这时你会意识到以下几点:

You are an engineer if your heart throbs for more practical knowledge than marks. If you love working with models ,machines, coding , screws, electricity for fun. If you want to rip open each and every device, to see what is inside. To know what is inside. This does not include showing off to other friends about your tech skills. Real lovers are silent and magnificent.
You are an mba material if you like speaking to crowds and leading them , understand what is time management and team playing, can tolerate marketing techniques and corporate thinking. If you are able to manage groups of differently mannered people calmly when they are in their most aggressive form. If you like selling stuff, be it idea or product for business.
You are “others” if you are least interested in both.
Now “Others” is the most golden area to be in. You have tons of cool possibilities if you are “others” like arts, sports, entrepreneurship, creative ideas. film making,fashion designing etc…whatever makes your heart skip a beat.It’s you.
Now, after all the steps which you have been practising throughout your four years , you still have no clue as to where does your heart lie . That’s where your marks come to your rescue.
Since you have studied so hard like I advised, you are sure to land on a placement.Take it and enjoy being independent and bossy around your parents and relatives for a while, say an year. Think about yourself during this one year and I’m sure you will spot out that one thing which you are interested in.

相比起分数,如果你渴望获得更多的实用知识;如果你喜欢和模型,机器,编码,螺丝,电力一起工作;如果你想打开每一个设备,看看里面是什么。那么你就是一名工程师。这并不包括向其他朋友炫耀你的技术技能,真正的热爱是沉默而出色的。
如果你喜欢在人群中讲话并主导他们,了解什么是时间管理和团队合作,可以应付营销技巧和企业思维;如果你能够在一群举止各异的人最具攻击性的时候冷静地管理他们。如果你喜欢卖东西,不管是卖创意还是卖产品。那么你就是工商管理学硕士方面的人才。
如果你对两者都不感兴趣,那么你就是“其它方面的人”。
现在“其它方面”是最值得涉足的领域。如果你是比如艺术、体育、创业、创意。电影制作、时装设计等等“其它”方面,只要能让你心跳加速就行,你就是这方面的人才,你有很多很酷的可能性,
现在,在你四年来一直练习的所有步骤之后,你仍然不知道你的心在哪里,这时你的分数就来“挽救”你了。
既然你像我建议的那样努力学习,你一定会得到一份工作。接受它,在一段时间内(比如一年内),在父母和亲戚面前表现得独立和好管事。想想你在这一年里的自己,我相信你会发现你感兴趣的事情。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


If your dream is too risky and you do not know whether you will prosper in it or not, try it as your hobby after your work hours. Once you are sure your idea will hit the sweet crowds out there , then yes, resign.
Play safe. Play risky while you are absolutely safe. :)
Thank you for reading this. Just 4 more very important things ,I would like you to let you know secretly out of love.
1} Getting a back paper is not the end of the world. I advise you not to get one but also never to go depressed if you get one.
2}Work on your language skills. Whether you hail from the family line of Ambani or from a local english medium school, work hard on this, Trust me , this might be the only one thing which is going to save you in future. Watch english series , movies, listen to english news channels and read,read ,read a lot.
3}Make very good friends. Friends in college are for life. Who knows maybe they will end up helping you during your most troubled times or be your life partner ;)
4}Do not fall in any kind of addictions. This will demotivate you and keep you unfocused. Trust me , its more dangerous than you think .It is not very cool.
Please consider this as a statement which is coming from your own sister. I have seen guys and girls with a multitude of talents who did not reach anywhere just because of their addictions. When they woke up, it was too late.
All the very best!

如果你的梦想太冒险,你不知道你是否会成功,那就在工作之余把它当作你的爱好来尝试。一旦你确定你的想法会受到欢迎,那么再辞职。
小心行事。在绝对安全的情况下冒险。
感谢您阅读这篇文章。还有四件非常重要的事情,出于爱我想偷偷告诉你:
1、挂科并不是世界末日。我建议你不要挂科,但如果挂了一门课程,请不要沮丧。
2、努力提高语言能力。无论你来自安巴尼家族还是当地的英语中学,都要努力学习。相信我,这可能是唯一能拯救你未来的东西。看英语电视系列和电影,听英语新闻频道,多读书。
3、交一些非常好的朋友。大学里的朋友是终身的。谁知道呢,也许他们最终会在你最困难的时刻帮助你或成为你的生活伴侣 ;
4、不要沉溺于任何形式的瘾癖。这会让你失去动力、不能集中精力。相信我,它比你想象的更危险,这并不很酷。
请把这句话看作是你妹妹说的话。我曾见过许多才华横溢的男孩和女孩,由于各种瘾癖而一事无成。当他们醒悟时,却已经太晚了。
祝你一切顺利!

Anna Schleicher
What are the benefits of private health insurance for expats living in Germany?
With private health insurance you have many advantages. One major advantage is your savings potential. Private health insurance premiums are calculated independently of your income, which means you could save up to € 200 each month as a high-income earner. You also have better coverage - often beyond public health insurance level.
On top of that, if you are only staying in Germany temporarily (up to 5 years) as expat on a limited visa, many private health insurance companies offer special expat rates. In this case, I can recommend the private health insurance of ottonova. These are the advantages for expats:
Full English-speaking support team
Legally sound for your visa (meets all legal requirements)
Top-notch coverage with all benefits of a private comprehensive health insurance e.g. shorter waiting times for specialists, single bedroom hospital accommodation and up to 100 % cost coverage on your dental bills
Easy tariff change if you stay longer in Germany
Unique digital services e.g. telemedicine appointments, fast reimbursement, no paperwork etc.

对居住在德国的外籍人士而言参保私人医疗保险有什么好处?
有了私人医疗保险,你有很多优势。一个主要优势是你的储蓄潜力。私人医疗保险费是独立于你的收入计算的,这意味着你作为高收入者每月可以节省200欧元。你也有更好的保障范围——通常超过法定医疗保险范围。
除此之外,如果你只是以有限签证的外籍人士身份暂时留在德国(最长5年),许多私人医疗保险公司都会提供特殊的外籍人士费率。在这种情况下,我可以推荐ottonova(德国一家数字健康保险公司)的私人医疗保险。这些是外籍人士的优势:
全英文支持团队
签证合法(符合所有法律要求)
顶级保险,包括私人综合医疗保险的所有福利,例如缩短专家号的等待时间,医院单人病房住宿条件以及全报的牙科医疗保险
如果你在德国停留更长时间,可以轻松更改关税
独特的数字服务,如远程医疗预约、快速报销、无需文书材料等。

Anonymous
How tough is life after engineering if you dont get placed?
I passed out engineering in 2007. I did not get any campus placements even after scoring first class with all papers cleared in first attempt.
So I moved to Bangalore in search of job by end of 2007, and joined a course for Java. I have 50 K money with me, this is the money I got as part of my mothers share. All my aim at that time was to get into a job, before I exhaust this 50K rupes.
I paid 10 K to java institute and spent 2 months there. The training was so poor and contrary to what they promised, no companies came for campus recruitment. Every month I need to pay 2500 rupees rent, and cost of food is around 100 per day. The total cost per month would be around 5500 Rs.
After 2 months, I was left with 30 K. Again I spent one more month, the balance amount came to 25K.
I couldn't get a job in software, and my real passion is VLSI since I am commimg from ECE stream. I attended around 30 placememts both inside and outside the campus, but not a single one I am able to crack.
I went to home with 25 K money. I told my parents about my VLSI dream. But my poor parents couldn't afford it. The fees was 50K for 6 months course, and rent + food cost 30 K till course completion.
So I need another 55K for my dream course.I have to sell the golden chain of my mother as well a gold chain my grandma given to me before her death. We sold those gold chains and arranged money for my course. I was able to make some 45 K by selling those.

如果你找不到工作,毕业后的生活会有多艰难?
我2007年毕业于工程学专业。我没有得到任何校园实习机会,即使在考试中,所有笔试都通过,获得第一名。
因此,我在2007年底搬到班加罗尔找工作,并参加了一个Java课程。我有5万卢比,这是我从我母亲那里得到的钱。当时我唯一的目标就是在这5万卢比花光之前找到一份工作。
我向java学院支付了1万卢比,并在那里度过了2个月。培训太差了,与他们承诺的相反,没有公司来校园招聘。我每个月需要支付2500卢比的租金,每天的食物费用约为100卢比,每月的总成本约为5500卢比。
两个月后,我剩下了3万。我又花了一个月,余额只有2.5万。
我没找到软件方面的工作,我真正期望的是超大规模集成电路(VLSI),因为我毕业于电子与计算机工程专业(ECE)专业。我参加了约30个校内外的招聘会,但一个也没有通过。我带着2.5万卢比的钱回到家里。我告诉了我的父母关于我的VLSI梦想。但是,我那贫穷的父母无法负担得起。这门课程的费用是50,000元,需要6个月时间完成,在课程期间租金和食品费用约为3万卢比。 因此,我需要另外5.5万卢比来支支持我的梦想课程。我不得不卖掉我妈妈的黄金项链以及我祖母去世前给我的金链。我们卖掉了这些金链,筹集了学费。卖出后我能够得到大约4.5万卢比。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


So I went to Bangalore back with 70 K rupees and paid 25 K as first installment of the course. Now really I need to cut short my expense, otherwise I will run out of money. So I moved to friends house, where I pay around 2000 Rs for rent. That way I can save 500 rs per month.
My bus fare was 10 rupees one side that time, so I walk past 2 stops so that I can save 2 rupees per day. Then I will have dosa from road side shops in the morning, so that I can skip lunch. I only ate breakfast and dinner. Lunch I used to have water
On Saturdays and sundays, I will sleep the whole days and have one time food. This saves money. I will study the whole night on weekends. Weekends are holidays for the institute.
On monthly basis my bank balance started diminishing, and I have to save each one rupee coin I have. Now I started walking 8 kms to office and then return in the evening by bus. That way I reduced bus fare from 20 rs to 8 rs.
To manage money, I brought all my B.Tech text books from native and sold it in Bangalore. I managed to bring some 20 Kg books by train. O got another 2500 Rs for that.
By 5 th month, I am left with 4 K, and don't know what to do. I tried myself and got placed in a small company that is willing to pay me 3000 Rs per month. The company is working in the field of VLSI. I happily joined the company.
The work hours are from 9 AM and can extend up to night 10 or 11. Sometimes night shifts. Though weekend are officially OFF, but they make us work on Saturdays mandatory. But I am so happy that they give 100 Rs food reimbursmet on saturdays and 100 Rs from snacks for night shift. I made use of this opportunity happily by testing my stamina and deteriorating my physical health.
By 20 th, my purse will be left empty, and I need to survive for next 10 days. So I keep 100 rs in my wallet for bus fare for the next 10 days. I am lucky that they distribute snacks at 6 PM daily. So I will have only snacks from 20 the to 26 th

所以我带着7万卢比回到班加罗尔,并支付了2.5万卢比作为课程的第一期学费。现在我真的需要减少开支,否则我会没钱的。所以我搬到了朋友家,在那里我付了大约2000卢比的房租。这样我每月可以节省500卢比。
那次我的公交车单程票价是10卢比,所以我走两站,这样我每天可以节省2卢比。然后我早上会在路边的商店吃印度玛撒拉香料卷饼,这样我就可以不吃午饭了。我只吃早餐和晚餐。午餐我过去常喝水。
在周六和周日,我会睡一整天,吃一餐饭。这样可以省钱,周末我会整晚学习,周末是学院的假日。
每月我的银行余额开始减少,我必须存下每一枚卢比。现在我开始步行8公里去学校,然后晚上乘公共汽车回来。这样,我就把公交车票价从20卢比降到了8卢比。
为了管理资金,我把所有的理学课本都从原学校带来,并在班加罗尔出售。我乘火车设法带了20公斤重的书。为此又得到了2500卢比。
到了第5个月,我只剩下4000卢比,不知道该怎么办。我试了试,进入了一家愿意每月支付3000卢比的小公司。该公司致力于超大规模集成电路领域。我很高兴地加入了这家公司。
工作时间从上午9点开始,可以延长到晚上10点或11点,有时上夜班。虽然周末正式放假,但他们规定我们必须在周六工作。但我很高兴——他们在周六报销100卢比的食物,夜班报销100卢比零食。我很高兴地利用了这个机会,测试了我的耐力,但恶化了我的身体健康。
到第20天,我的钱包空空如也,我需要撑过接下来的10天。所以我在钱包里存了100卢比作为接下来10天的车费。我很幸运,他们每天下午6点分发零食。所以从20号到26号我只吃零食。

I get sodexo coupons worth 350 Rs on 26 or 27th of the month. So I use sodexo coupons from 26th to 30th the for food expense.
By 1 st, I get 3000/rs stipend, in which Rs 2000 will be given as rent, and Rs 1000 would be iny purse. I need to manage food for 1000 Rs for next 20 days from 1st to 20th and bus fare as well.
Me and my mom have 2 separate accounts in SBI. Since we don't have money to maintain AQB, I use this 3000 Rs and swing between both of these accounts to maintain a 1000 Rs AQB in bank savings account. Cumulative amount in account shall be 90K for a quarter. I manage it somehow to maintain bank account.
This went for few months and one day
I was not even left with 10 rupees for bus fare. Then I made a call to my parents and asked them for some 400 rupees, telling them that my sandals got broken and I need money. I can't say my real situation to my parents because they will feel bad that they were not able to support me.
My weight got reduced from 80 to 65 Kg in one year gap, and every time I say my parents its due to job stress. I hide the fact that I starve of limit my food intake to save money.
All my friends were placed in tops MNCs in Bangalotr., earning some 18 to 20 K per month.
I don't know I should say it here, there are couple of times, I searched the left overs of the food, which my friend brought as parcel. It happend 2 to 3 times.
By this one year time frx, everybody branded me as a failure and only my parents given me the fire to pursue further.
By end of 2009, I got 10 k per month, and my weight suddenly spiked from 63 Kg to 75 Kg in 2 months. Everybody got surprised, I told them I started eating junk food, that's why. Succcesfully hidfen the fact again.
After 2011, I changed 2 companies and now its my 3 rd company. Now I get in hand around 1.8 lakhs per month and other benfits.
Persistence and hardwork never goes waste.

我在每月26日或27日得到价值350卢比的索迪斯集团优惠券。所以我从26号到30号用索迪斯集团的优惠券来支付伙食费。
到了1号,我会得到3000卢比的津贴,其中2000卢比将用于支付租金,而1000卢比则是我的零用钱。从1号到20号,我需要用这1000卢比来管理食品和公交车费用。我和妈妈在印度国家银行各有一个账户。由于我们没有足够的资金来维持AQB(平均季度余额),因此我使用这3这种情况持续了几个月零一天,直到有一天我连10卢比的公交车费都没有了。然后我打电话给父母,告诉他们我的凉鞋断了,需要400卢比的钱。我不能向父母说出我的真实情况,因为他们会难过,认为自己没能支持我。
在一年的时间里,我的体重从80公斤降到了65公斤,每次我告诉父母是因为工作压力。我隐瞒了我节食或限制饮食以节省钱的事实。我的所有朋友都在班加罗尔的顶尖跨国公司里找到了工作,每月赚取约18,000至20,000卢比。有几次,我搜寻朋友带来的剩菜剩饭来解决温饱问题,这发生了2到3次。在这一年的时间里,每个人都认为我失败了,只有我的父母给了我继续追求的动力。
到2009年底,我每月得到10,000卢比,而我的体重在两个月内突然从63公斤增加到75公斤。大家都很惊讶,我告诉他们我开始吃垃圾食品,所以才会这样。我成功地隐藏了这个事实。2011年后,我换了两家公司,现在是我第三家公司。现在我每月手头有大约18万卢比和其他福利。
坚持不懈和努力永远是不会白费的。

Edit:
I am really overwhelmed with happiness after seeing the comments, as I never thought my story would be an inspiration to others.
I will clear some of the questions being raised in the comments:
Anonymous - Though I don’t like to go anonymous, but I have to because I have mentioned my take home salary. If I lix my lixedin or Facebook profile, it would become a clear violation of company policies as I disclosed my salary in public forum. Second reason is that my friends and other know people are there in quora and online world. I am sure that some of my close friends will feel bad that I did not go to them for help in times of need.
Regarding my salary, its after 10 years of work experience, I am getting the mentioned amount. May be luck also matters, that few of my colleagues resigned from the organisation, and management looked at me to lead the team. In that way, I got few extra lakhs every year. Not my hardwork alone.
Thanks for all the comments.
“Even the darkness must pass. A new day will come, and when the sun shines, it will shine out the clearer”.

编辑:
看到这些评论后,我真的被幸福淹没了,因为我从未想过我的故事会激励其他人。
我将澄清评论中提出的一些问题:
1、匿名:虽然我不喜欢匿名,但我不得不匿名,因为我提到了我的实际工资。如果我链接我的lixedin或Facebook个人资料,这将明显违反公司政策——因为不得在公共论坛上披露了我的工资。第二个原因是我的朋友和其他认识的人都逛quora和网络世界里。我相信我的一些亲密朋友会因为我没有在需要的时候向他们寻求帮助而感到难过。
2、关于我的工资,有10年的工作经验,才拿到了上述金额。也许运气也很重要,我的同事很少从组织辞职,管理层希望我领导团队。通过这种方式,我每年都能多挣10万卢比,这就不是我一个人的努力。
谢谢大家的评论。
“即使是黑暗也必须过去。新的一天会到来,当太阳照耀时,它会更加明亮”。

Pranjal Gangurde
What are career options after engineering?
Engineering , itself is career option. You haven't specified exactly what you want?
I will try to explain as much possible.
1. You can search for job as an engineer in your field.
2. For value addition, you can do course related to engineering which can help you to grow in an organization.
3. Apart from job, you can go for masters. After engineering, you can chose to go for MS (Outside India) , ME, M.Tech or MBA.
4. For MS,you need to give GRE entrance. Most of the students prefer US for doing MS. But it is important to get good score in GRE to get reputed Institute. With GRE score , one need strong academics record and extra curricular to secure admission in niche college . You research job option after doing MS in USA.
5. ME/ M.Tech: If you do M.Tech from IITs, you can surely expect good placement, avg package around 10Lac+. Otherwise , you have to search by your own. After M.E, most students prefer to work as professor. Expected salary for professor in private institute: 40K+.
6. MBA : Currently ,most engineering students preferring MBA to get managerial role in an organisation with expectation of high salary. If you do it from reputed B-school like IIMS, XLRI, FMS, Great Lake, IMT, SP Jain, JBIMS, it will surely add value as they have 100% placement record.
7. Starting own business: If you think, you developed enough expertise in your technical field, you can start business in that field. Like, my friend who have done mechanical engineering, started business to built project for engineering students. If you are IT engineering and expertise in coding , one can start business in web designing etc.

工程学专业毕业后的职业选择是什么?
工程学本身就是一种职业选择。你还没有具体说明你想要什么?
我会尽可能多地解释。
1、你可以在你的专业内寻找工程师工作。
2、为增加价值,你可以学习与工程相关的课程,这可以帮助你在组织中成长。
3、除了工作,你可以选择攻读硕士学位。在工程学位之后,你可以选择攻读 MS(印度境外),ME,M.Tech 或 MBA。
4、对于 MS,你需要通过 GRE 入学考试。大多数学生选择前往美国攻读 MS。但是,重要的是取得良好的 GRE 成绩以进入知名学院。凭借 GRE 成绩,需要拥有强大的学术记录和额外的课程来确保进入合适的大学。你在美国读硕士后再研究工作机会。
5、ME/M.Tech:如果你从印度理工学院攻读 M.Tech,则可以期望获得良好的就业机会,平均薪资约为 100万以上。否则,你必须自己寻找就业机会。在攻读 M.E 后,大多数学生选择担任教授。私立学院教授的预期薪资为 4万以上。
6、MBA:目前,大多数工程学生选择攻读 MBA,以在组织中获得管理角色,并期望获得高薪。如果你从像 IIMS、XLRI、FMS、Great Lake、IMT、SP Jain、JBIMS 这样的知名商学院攻读 MBA,它肯定会增加价值,因为它们有 100% 的就业率。
7、创业:如果你认为自己在技术领域已经拥有足够的专业知识,那么你可以在该领域创业。例如,我的朋友学习了机械工程,开始为工科学生做项目。如果您是 IT 工程师并且精通编码,那么可以在网络设计等领域创业。

Rishabh Datta
This answer is for those who are in engineering or planning to go for it:
First of all, India has the largest numbers of engineering institutes and all of them are very good when it comes to marketing. Fancy classrooms and the way they present their educational structure, that's enough for a student to get confused or rethink towards their future.
As per the reports, India annually produces around one million engineers, and we've more than 3000 engineering colleges.
Now the biggest question is, will all of them find a suitable job, the way they imagined? Well, it depends on their capabilities and their knowledge.
So many engineering institutes are passing each and every student just to maintain their records
First of all, choosing the right educational platform is in your hands, so many sure you're very well aware about what you're going to do in your coming future. I've seen many people switching from the mainstream after finishing their entire educational life. How that will help them? I'm not sure. Speak to your teachers or spend some time with your parents, discuss about career opportunities. Nowadays, so many professional educational consultants are there, who can properly guide you.
Now let's talk about career options after engineering:
* Development is one of the best options.
* We're heading towards the era of revolutionary changes in the field of digital marketing.
* You can go for IT sectors of banking and insurance as well.
Take every single step smartly

这个答案适用于那些从事工程学或计划从事工程学领域的人:
首先,印度拥有最多的工程学院,在营销方面,所有这些学院都很好。华丽的教室和他们展示教育结构的方式,足以让学生感到困惑或重新思考他们的未来。
根据报告,印度每年培养大约100万名工程师,我们有3000多所工程学院。
现在最大的问题是,他们会像想象中的那样找到合适的工作吗?这取决于他们的能力和知识。
所以很多工程学院让每个学生的通过考试只是为了保持他们的记录。
首先,选择合适的教育平台掌握在你的手中,所以很多人肯定非常清楚你将来要做什么。我见过很多人在完成整个教育生涯后转变专业。这对他们有什么帮助?我不确定。和你的老师谈谈,或者花点时间和你的父母谈谈,讨论一下职业机会。现在有很多专业的教育顾问,他们可以正确地指导你。
现在让我们谈谈工程学之后的职业选择:
发展是最好的选择之一。
*我们正朝着数字营销领域革命性变革的时代迈进。
*你也可以选择银行和保险等IT行业。
聪明地迈出每一步。

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