美国目前的教育体系有什么问题?(一)
2023-12-04 辽阔天空 3967
正文翻译

What is wrong with the current education system in the US?

美国目前的教育体系有什么问题?

评论翻译
Ethan Soo
What is the biggest problem with the public school system of the United States?
Albert Einstein once proclaimed, “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.” Throughout the past century, technology has advanced greatly, but our education system has not changed at all. The standardized school system we use today was originally created to supply factory workers for the Industrial Era (Dintersmith). However, in the technological era of today, we need innovators, creative minds, and critical thinkers. Our education system does not allow students to grow nor does it motivate students to learn; ultimately, today’s school environment does not prepare us with essential skills we need to thrive in the future.

美国公立学校系统最大的问题是什么?
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾宣称:“唯一干扰我学习的是我的教育。”在过去的一个世纪里,科技有了很大的进步,但我们的教育制度却一点也没有改变。我们今天使用的标准化学校系统最初是为工业时代(Dintersmith)提供工厂工人而创建的。然而,在今天的技术时代,我们需要创新者、创造性思维和批判性思考者。我们的教育体系不允许学生成长,也不激励学生学习;最终,今天的学校环境并没有让我们具备在未来茁壮成长所需的基本技能.

Our current school system does not promote student growth. Though students spend about 8 hours in school daily, students are unable to retain most of the knowledge they learn. In a study conducted by researchers, high school students who passed the AP Psychology exam were tested again in 3 months with the same material the exam covered. The study found that 90% of these high school students did not even pass that test (Dintersmith). 90% of those students forgot more than half of the material they “learned” in just a span of 3 months. Students cannot retain the information they learn, because it’s just too much. In 2012, the Economic Intelligence Unit compiled a global report on education by ranking 40 countries in the world based on test scores in reading, math, and science. While the U.S. was ranked 17th, Finland topped the chart at number one . Finland uses a very different approach to education. In the Finnish school system, there are no standardized tests. Additionally, high school students spend less than 3 hours of homework a week and school hours are cut in half . But how is it that doing less means more? Darling-Hammond, a Stanford professor in education answers this question by describing “the [Finnish] curricula” as an education system that emphasizes “critical thinking…, problem-solving, project-based learning, and learning to learn”. By covering less content and challenging students to critically think, students are able to retain much more of their knowledge.

我们目前的学校制度不能促进学生的成长。尽管学生们每天在学校呆上大约8个小时,但他们无法保留所学的大部分知识。在研究人员进行的一项研究中,通过AP心理学考试的高中生在3个月后再次接受了与考试内容相同的测试。研究发现,这些高中生中有90%甚至没有通过这项测试(Dintersmith)。其中90%的学生在短短3个月内忘记了他们“学到”的一半以上的材料。学生无法保留他们所学的信息,因为这些信息太多了。2012年,经济情报局根据阅读、数学和科学考试成绩对世界40个国家进行了排名,编制了一份全球教育报告。美国排名第17,芬兰排名第一。芬兰采用了一种截然不同的教育方法。在芬兰的学校系统中,没有标准化的考试。此外,高中生每周花在家庭作业上的时间不到3小时,上课时间减少了一半。但是为什么做得少意味着掌握得多呢?斯坦福大学教育学教授Darling Hammond回答了这个问题,他将“芬兰课程”描述为一种强调“批判性思维、解决问题、基于项目的学习和学习如何学习”的教育体系。通过涵盖较少的内容和挑战学生批判性思维,学生能够保留更多的知识。

Despite everything students learn in school, they do not develop the skills they need to thrive in the workplace. Jobs today are immensely different than those from the past. Google receives around 2 million applications a year, but only accepts and hires about 4000 of them. With an acceptance rate of 0.2%, surely, the special few who have a job at Google earned a 4.0 GPA in high school in order to get accepted, right? Wrong. Laszlo Bock, head of People Operations at Google, explains that Google does not use test scores and GPA to determine qualification. Instead, they employ people with a high cognitive ability, those who have a strong thinking ability, and those who have grit. It is inevitable that being able to pass tests and memorize content will not prepare us for jobs of the modern era.

尽管学生在学校学到了一切,但他们并没有发展出在工作中茁壮成长所需的技能。今天的工作与过去大不相同。谷歌每年收到约200万份申请,但只接受并雇佣了其中约4000份,录取率为0.2%,当然,在谷歌工作的少数特殊人群在高中时获得了4.0的GPA才能被录取,对吧?错,谷歌人事运营主管Laszlo Bock解释说,谷歌不使用考试成绩和GPA来确定资格。相反,他们雇佣的是认知能力高的人、思维能力强的人和有毅力的人。不可避免的是,能够通过考试和记住内容并不能让我们为现代职场做好准备。

Now how do we solve this? We need students to be motivated. Motivation is the driving force that compels us to learn, yet schools do not employ it. According to a National Research Council report on education, 40% of high school students are “chronically disengaged from school” . Now, why is that? Well, from spending 8 hours on our daily lives at school, 5 hours on homework, and 3 hours on extracurriculars, students are simply exhausted with countless loads of information to memorize that they feel don’t relate to them. To solve this, our schools need to stop standardizing our learning and create more choices for students to learn. This way, students can pursue their own interests rather than wasting time on others. Some argue that if students are able to learn anything they want, then students might not be motivated to take the initiative to learn. However, it turns out the contrary seems to be true. An experiment conducted by teacher researchers concluded that increasing the freedom of choice to learn directly leads to an increase in self-motivation. In other words, it has been proven that students are more motivated when they are given more choices.

现在我们该如何解决这个问题?我们需要学生有积极性。动机是迫使我们学习的动力,但学校并没有利用它。根据国家研究委员会关于教育的报告,40%的高中生“长期脱离学校”。为什么?好吧,在学校花8个小时在日常生活上,花5个小时在家庭作业上,花3个小时在课外活动上,学生们只是被无数他们觉得与自己无关的信息所累。为了解决这个问题,我们的学校需要停止规范我们的学习,为学生创造更多的学习选择。这样,学生可以追求自己的兴趣,而不是把时间浪费在别人身上。一些人认为,如果学生能够学到他们想要的任何东西,那么学生可能就没有动力主动学习。然而,事实证明恰恰相反。教师研究人员进行的一项实验得出结论,增加选择学习的自由度直接导致自我激励的增加。换句话说,事实证明,当学生有更多的选择时,他们会更有动力。

In this technological era, we have the freedom to learn anything we want online. Did you know you could even watch free lectures from many top universities like Stanford, UC Berkeley, and MIT as if you were a part of their course? Well you can and once schools are able to give us enough time to learn on our own, our educational growth will no longer be defined by the education system. We can create our own unique education. Of course, there are some skills like collaboration, cooperation, and grit, which cannot be developed online. Rather than focusing on teaching content in school, schools can help us develop these essential life skills we need for our future.

在这个科技时代,我们可以自由地在网上学习我们想要的任何东西。你知道吗,你甚至可以观看斯坦福大学、加州大学伯克利分校和麻省理工学院等许多顶尖大学的免费讲座,就好像你在上他们的部分课程一样?你可以的,一旦学校能够给我们足够的时间让我们自己学习,我们的教育成长将不再由教育系统来定义。我们可以创建自己独特的教育。当然,有些技能,如协作、合作和毅力,是无法在网上培养的。学校可以帮助我们发展未来所需的这些基本生活技能,而不是专注于学校的教学内容。

We all have the power to change the future. Nelson Mandela, former South African President, once stated, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” By spreading awareness of these changes we can use to fix our school system, we can revolutionize our education, and with our education, we can diversify our future. School should not be a place to limit our growth as students. School should be a place of development. School should be a place of discovery. School should be a place of exploration. School should be a place of inspiration. School should be a place for students to find their passion. School should be a place for students to find their potential. And the day schools are able to help students find their potential, the day schools are able to help students find their voice, is the day the sky becomes the limit.

我们都有改变未来的力量。南非前总统纳尔逊·曼德拉曾说过:“教育是改变世界的最有力武器。”通过传播人们对这些变化的认识,我们可以用这些变化来修复我们的学校系统,我们可以彻底改变我们的教育,通过我们的教育,我们可以使我们的未来多样化。学校不应该成为限制我们学生成长的地方。学校应该是一个发展的地方。学校应该是一个探索的地方。学校应该是一个研究的地方。学校应该是一个充满灵感的地方。学校应该是一个让学生找到激情的地方。学校应该是学生发掘潜力的地方。当学校能够帮助学生找到自己的潜力,当学校能够帮助他们找到自己的声音,届时天空才是极限。

Dylan Owens
I’m a good student.
Scratch that, I’m an excellent student. My grades are spot on, I do great on tests, and my standardized test scores are phenomenal. I’m great at school.
I can study for a test in half the time other people can. I can crank out an assignment the night before and get an A. I can show up at the SAT after one hour of studying and score in the 98% percentile. I’m an amazing student.
But guess what. I don’t know anything.
I’m damn good at remembering stuff, but I don’t learn it. I remember it just long enough for my test or assignment, then I forget it a day later. Then I cram my brain with new info, take the test, and forget it. Rinse and repeat.
I learn very little in school. Very little. I don’t remember 99% of what stuff I learned a month ago. I probably only remember about 10% of what I learned last week.

我是个好学生。
别误会,我是个优秀的学生。我的成绩很好,我在考试中表现很好,标准化考试成绩也很好。我在学校表现很好。
我可以用别人一半的时间来准备考试。我可以在考试前一晚完成作业,然后拿A。我可以在学习了一个小时后去参加美国高考,然后拿到98分,我作为学生挺了不起的。
但你猜怎么着。我什么都不知道。
我非常擅长记住东西,但没学进去。我记得的时间只够应付考试或作业,一天后我就忘记了。然后我用新的信息填满我的大脑,参加测试,然后忘记它,重复同样的过程。
我在学校学得很少、很少。我一个月前学的东西99%都不记得了、我可能只记得上周所学内容的10%左右。

But according to the system, I’m learning tons. My grades are stellar. My tests are great. According to all quantitative records, I’m being educated incredibly well.
But I’m not. I’ve just learned how to screw the system. I don’t learn, I take in and spit out the required amount of information, then dexe it from my brain.
My education isn’t an education. It’s a constant balance of finding out how to get the highest grade for the least amount of work. It’s suvival of the fittest, and I’m one of the fittest.
I do waaaaay less work than most people. Far less. But since I’ve mastered study techniques that let me cram info into my brain really fast, and keep the info in my brain for just long enough, I get excellent grades. I’ve mastered the art of doing assignments. When I do an assignment, I write the absolute minimum that I can, and still get a good grade.

但根据这个系统,我学到了很多。我的成绩很好,测试很棒。根据所有的定量记录,我受到了非常好的教育。
但我没有,我刚刚学会了如何破坏系统。我不学习,我吸收并吐出所需的信息,然后从我的大脑中删除它。
我所受的教育不是教育。如何用最少的努力获得最高的分数,这是一个不断平衡的过程。适者生存,我就是适者生存中的一员。
我学习上付出的努力比大多数人少得多。少得多。但是,由于我掌握了一些学习技巧,这些技巧可以让我快速地把信息塞进大脑,并在大脑中保存足够长的时间,所以我取得了优异的成绩。我已经掌握了做作业的艺术。当我做作业时,我会尽我所能写下最低限度的内容,但仍然能获得好成绩。

School has taught me how to be good at school. My work-to-grade ratio is phenomenal. If I have 10 minutes on an assignment, and average Joe has 10 minutes on an assignment, I guarantee you I’ll get a better grade. Guaranteed. I may not know more than the other guy, but I will get a better grade. No question.
Give me and average Joe each 10 minutes to study for a test, and I’ll do better on the test. I promise you. Come back and talk to us in a week, and average Joe will probably remember more. He’ll probably even be able to apply it to real life. But it doesn’t matter. We already took the test.
I have screwed the system. Completely destroyed it. I am not an educated person. I am not being educated. I am a person that learned how to take advantage of the system.
But guess what? According to anyone that looks at my transcxt, I’ve gotten an incredible education.
They're wrong. I don’t give a crap about most of my classes. I do the absolute minimum, and get the grade. The few subjects I care about, I use the same study method because it’s what I’ve always done. It’s what I know.
I am not getting educated. I am clinically manipulating a broken system to fit my needs.
Students being able to do this is what’s wrong with American education.

学校教会了我如何在学校表现出色。我的学习与成绩之比是惊人的。如果我学习10分钟,一般人也学习10分钟,我向你保证我会得到更好的成绩,这是肯定的;我可能不会比其他人知道更多,但我会得到更好的成绩,这是毫无疑问的。
让我和普通人一样复习10分钟,在测试中,我的成绩更好,这是我可以向你保证的。一周后再来和我们谈谈,普通人可能会记得更多的内容。他甚至可能将其应用到现实生活中。但(在我们学习系统中)这并不重要,我们已经参加了测试。
我把系统搞砸了,完全毁了它。我不是一个受过教育的人,我没有受过教育,我是一个学会了如何利用这个系统的人。
但你猜怎么着?据任何看过我成绩单的人说,我接受了令人难以置信的教育。
他们错了,我对我的大部分课程都不在乎。我只做了最少的功课,就拿到了分数。对于少数我关心的科目,我使用同样的学习方法,因为这是我一直在学习的方式,这是我所知道的。
我没有受过教育,我在不偏不倚的操作一个破碎的系统来满足我的需要。
学生们能够做到这一点正是美国教育的问题所在。

原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Karan Mehta
I think the biggest problem with the US K-12 school system is the creation of socio-economic silos, which leads to a disconnect between citizens and causes a cultural divide, which we are seeing now.
To provide some contrast, I went to a Jesuit school in Mumbai, India from the age of 5–16, and the education was excellent, so it attracted kids from all backgrounds. There were kids from all sections and strata of society, because the fees were cheap, since Jesuits view education as a social good. And there was little discrimination because we all had to wear identical uniforms and no cellphones were allowed, so you can’t tell who is rich and who isn’t, so we learned to judge other students as individuals based on their personal achievements in school events and personality rather than on their family’s background or wealth. This builds genuine empathy and compassion your your fellow countrymen, and this is how you heal social fracture.
In comparison to this, in the US it is common to buy a house based on the schools in that district. This idea is ridiculous to me, why should the quality of schools be so different in each neighborhood that I must decide where to settle down based on schools? I want to live wherever I like for reasons other than schools. Rich people buy houses next to each other, and their kids get the fanciest schools with other people from the same socio-economic strata as them. They grow up knowing people just like them. And then just 1–2 neighborhoods away you’ll have a neighborhood with way worse schools, in terms of teachers and students and learning environment, all because that is known as the poor part of town. This is economic segregation and is very unfair on a social level.
Kids are the least prejudiced and biased among us, so they should get to mingle with other kids from different backgrounds. Putting them in these echo chambers/silos leads to serious harm to the unity and strength of a nation.

我认为美国K-12学校系统的最大问题是创造了社会经济孤岛,这导致了公民之间的脱节,并导致了我们现在看到的文化鸿沟。
为了提供一些对比,我从5岁到16岁在印度孟买的一所耶稣会学校上学,那里的教育非常好,所以吸引了各种背景的孩子。有来自社会各阶层的孩子,因为费用很便宜,因为耶稣会士认为教育是一种社会公益。几乎没有歧视,因为我们都必须穿相同的校服,而且不允许使用手机,所以你无法区分谁富有、谁不富有,所以我们学会了根据其他学生在学校活动中的个人成就和个性,而不是根据他们的家庭背景或财富来评判他们。这会给你的同胞建立真正的同理心和同情心,这就是你治愈社会裂痕的方法。
相比之下,在美国,以该地区的学校为基础买房是很常见的。这个想法对我来说很荒谬,为什么每个社区的学校质量都如此不同,以至于我必须根据学校来决定在哪里定居?除了学校之外,我想住在我喜欢的任何地方。富人挨着买房子,他们的孩子和来自同一社会经济阶层的其他人一起上最高档的学校。他们在成长过程中认识和他们一样的人。然后,就在1-2个社区之外,你会看到一个在教师、学生和学习环境方面学校更差的社区,这一切都是因为那里被称为城镇的贫困地区。这是经济上的隔离,在社会层面上是非常不公平的。
在我们当中,孩子们是最没有偏见和偏颇的,所以他们应该与来自不同背景的其他孩子打成一片。把他们放在这些回声室/筒仓里会严重损害一个国家的团结和力量。

Katrina Johnston
I can say underfunding has taken its toll. I remember having almost an entire year of math with a substitute handing out a ditto and the same for science. It's hard to be inspired and driven when you are told to read a textbook and fill out a sheet.
Secondly, my parents never pushed education. My dad worked all the time and my mom was a 14 year old school drop out. It's hard to get any mental stimulation or drive when someone who raises you can barely function in life.
Lastly, my mom had this huge misconception that it's still 1970 and no one needs an education to make it. This caused me to begin working at age 13/14 years, against labor laws, and with no real effort on schooling.
There is also this anti-intellectualism vibe in the US; no one wants to be the smart kid. I seriously have no idea when this became a thing but it always existed in my lifetime.

我可以说,资金不足造成了损失。我记得有整整一年的数学课都是由代课老师重复的,科学科目也是如此。当你被告知要阅读课本并填写表格时,你很难受到启发和激励。
其次,我父母从不提倡教育。我爸爸一直在工作,我妈妈14岁就辍学了。当抚养你长大的人在学习上几乎无法发挥作用时,你很难得到精神刺激或动力。
最后,我妈妈有一个巨大的误解,认为现在还是1970年,大家不需要接受教育。这导致我在13/14岁开始工作,违反了劳动法,而且没有真正努力的去学习。
在美国也有这种反智主义的氛围,没有人想成为聪明的孩子。我真的不知道这是什么时候开始的,但它一直存在于我的生活中。

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