QA问答：美国为何在高铁、太阳能等方面落后？为什么中国在这些领域领先世界？AS：比较一下双方都做了什么
正文翻译
China:
Transportation sector: China has a population of 1.4 billion. Moreover, there is a tradition of moving families during traditional festivals such as Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. The traffic pressure they face on a daily basis is four times that of the United States, and on some holidays it is ten times that of the United States. If Chinese people travel the way Americans do, then it will not be enough for all the planes from around the world to go to China during certain periods of time. What's more, China doesn't have that many airports and planes, and it can't even build civilian passenger planes. Therefore, China has strong traffic anxiety and they need more efficient transportation facilities than airplanes. That is a high-speed railway that can transport thousands of people at a time. Its efficiency is 8-10 times that of airplanes.
中国：
交通运输业：中国有14亿人口。而且，春节、中秋等传统节日还有回老家的习俗。他们每天面临的交通压力是美国的四倍，有些节假日更是美国的十倍。如果中国人按照美国人的方式出行，那么在一定时期内世界各地的飞机都搬去中国也不足以满足要求。更何况，中国没有那么多机场和飞机，他们过去连民用客机都造不出来。因此，中国有强烈的交通焦虑，他们需要比飞机更高效的交通设施。那是一条一次可以运送数千人的高铁。其效率是飞机的8-10倍。
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Aya Shawn
· Oct 27
There are two core reasons and many secondary reasons
1. Stimulation of demand
USA:
Transportation: A huge infrastructure has been established decades ago, including a large number of airports, a large number of aircraft, highways across the country and cars owned by every household. These infrastructures have basically met the transportation needs of Americans. You can use airplanes for long distances and cars for short distances. The strong aviation industry and automobile manufacturing industry support all of this. In the past few decades, most Americans did not have transportation anxiety, so the entire country lacked the need and desire to improve transportation facilities.
1、需求的刺激
美国：
交通：几十年前就已经建立了庞大的基础设施，包括大量的机场、大量的飞机、遍布全国的高速公路以及家家户户拥有的汽车。这些基础设施基本满足了美国人的交通需求。您可以使用飞机进行长途旅行，使用汽车进行短途旅行。强大的航空工业和汽车制造业支撑着这一切。在过去的几十年里，大多数美国人没有交通焦虑，因此整个国家缺乏改善交通设施的需要和愿望。
Aya Shawn
· Oct 27
There are two core reasons and many secondary reasons
1. Stimulation of demand
USA:
Transportation: A huge infrastructure has been established decades ago, including a large number of airports, a large number of aircraft, highways across the country and cars owned by every household. These infrastructures have basically met the transportation needs of Americans. You can use airplanes for long distances and cars for short distances. The strong aviation industry and automobile manufacturing industry support all of this. In the past few decades, most Americans did not have transportation anxiety, so the entire country lacked the need and desire to improve transportation facilities.
1、需求的刺激
美国：
交通：几十年前就已经建立了庞大的基础设施，包括大量的机场、大量的飞机、遍布全国的高速公路以及家家户户拥有的汽车。这些基础设施基本满足了美国人的交通需求。您可以使用飞机进行长途旅行，使用汽车进行短途旅行。强大的航空工业和汽车制造业支撑着这一切。在过去的几十年里，大多数美国人没有交通焦虑，因此整个国家缺乏改善交通设施的需要和愿望。
Solar energy: Over the past few decades, the United States has controlled energy markets around the world. The United States is also the world's largest producer of fossil fuels. The United States has unparalleled energy advantages and consumes fossil fuels at low prices. The United States has never had energy anxiety. Even the oil crisis decades ago was just a price issue. The only impetus for Americans to develop clean energy comes from environmental groups and political commitment.
太阳能：过去几十年来，美国控制了全球能源市场。美国也是世界上最大的化石燃料生产国。美国拥有无可比拟的能源优势，消耗化石燃料价格低廉。美国从来没有出现过能源焦虑。即使是几十年前的石油危机也只是价格问题。美国人发展清洁能源的唯一动力来自环保组织和政治承诺。
太阳能：过去几十年来，美国控制了全球能源市场。美国也是世界上最大的化石燃料生产国。美国拥有无可比拟的能源优势，消耗化石燃料价格低廉。美国从来没有出现过能源焦虑。即使是几十年前的石油危机也只是价格问题。美国人发展清洁能源的唯一动力来自环保组织和政治承诺。
China:
Transportation sector: China has a population of 1.4 billion. Moreover, there is a tradition of moving families during traditional festivals such as Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. The traffic pressure they face on a daily basis is four times that of the United States, and on some holidays it is ten times that of the United States. If Chinese people travel the way Americans do, then it will not be enough for all the planes from around the world to go to China during certain periods of time. What's more, China doesn't have that many airports and planes, and it can't even build civilian passenger planes. Therefore, China has strong traffic anxiety and they need more efficient transportation facilities than airplanes. That is a high-speed railway that can transport thousands of people at a time. Its efficiency is 8-10 times that of airplanes.
中国：
交通运输业：中国有14亿人口。而且，春节、中秋等传统节日还有回老家的习俗。他们每天面临的交通压力是美国的四倍，有些节假日更是美国的十倍。如果中国人按照美国人的方式出行，那么在一定时期内世界各地的飞机都搬去中国也不足以满足要求。更何况，中国没有那么多机场和飞机，他们过去连民用客机都造不出来。因此，中国有强烈的交通焦虑，他们需要比飞机更高效的交通设施。那是一条一次可以运送数千人的高铁。其效率是飞机的8-10倍。
Energy field: China has been a country lacking energy since its establishment in 1949. Oil and natural gas are basically imported, and the only energy they have is coal. For a poor country, spending huge amounts of wealth every year to import energy is a long-term pain for the Chinese people. What's more, these import routes and channels are still under the military and economic control of the superpowers at any time. So, the Chinese have serious energy anxiety, and it's not just about price. What drives them to develop clean energy comes not only from environmental protection and political commitments, but also from their own energy anxiety.
能源领域：中国自1949年建国以来一直是一个能源匮乏的国家，石油、天然气基本依赖进口，唯一的能源就是煤炭。对于一个贫穷国家来说，每年花费巨额财富进口能源对中国人民来说是一个长期的痛苦。更重要的是，这些进口路线和渠道仍然随时处于超级大国的军事和经济控制之下。所以，中国人有严重的能源焦虑，而且不仅仅是价格问题。他们发展清洁能源的动力不仅来自于环境保护和政治承诺，也来自于他们自身的能源焦虑。
能源领域：中国自1949年建国以来一直是一个能源匮乏的国家，石油、天然气基本依赖进口，唯一的能源就是煤炭。对于一个贫穷国家来说，每年花费巨额财富进口能源对中国人民来说是一个长期的痛苦。更重要的是，这些进口路线和渠道仍然随时处于超级大国的军事和经济控制之下。所以，中国人有严重的能源焦虑，而且不仅仅是价格问题。他们发展清洁能源的动力不仅来自于环境保护和政治承诺，也来自于他们自身的能源焦虑。
According to market rules, demand is the driving force for all technologies and investments. China has a huge demand stimulus and the US has almost none. This determines that the two countries have completely different mentality when facing investment in these two fields.
根据市场规律，需求是一切技术和投资的驱动力。中国有巨大的需求刺激，而美国几乎没有。这就决定了两国在面对这两个领域的投资时有着完全不同的心态。
根据市场规律，需求是一切技术和投资的驱动力。中国有巨大的需求刺激，而美国几乎没有。这就决定了两国在面对这两个领域的投资时有着完全不同的心态。
2. Differences in systems
United States: Capital Groups have great influence
In the past few decades, the United States has formed different capital groups in different fields. While providing services to society, they have also gathered a large amount of wealth and power. They can influence government and parliamentary decisions through various means. This includes oil groups and aviation industry interest groups. High-speed rail is a natural competitor to the aviation industry. Global experience shows that high-speed rail is more convenient and comfortable than flying for travel distances within 800 kilometers. For travel distances of 1,000-1,500 kilometers, high-speed rail is less timely than airplanes, but its economy can make up for this shortcoming. For travel distances of more than 1,500 kilometers, airplanes have obvious advantages. At least half of the aircraft routes in the United States are shorter than 1,500 kilometers. Therefore, the construction of high-speed rail is bound to threaten the interests of aviation interest groups.
2. 制度差异
美国：资本集团影响力大
过去几十年来，美国在不同领域形成了不同的资本集团。他们在为社会提供服务的同时，也聚集了大量的财富和权力。他们可以通过各种方式影响政府和议会的决策。这包括石油集团和航空业利益集团。高铁是航空业的天然竞争对手。全球经验表明，800公里以内的出行距离，高铁比飞机更加便捷舒适。对于1000-1500公里的出行距离，高铁的及时性不如飞机，但其经济性可以弥补这一缺点。对于1500公里以上的出行距离，飞机优势明显。美国至少有一半的飞机航线长度小于1500公里。因此，高铁的建设势必会威胁到航空利益集团的利益。
United States: Capital Groups have great influence
In the past few decades, the United States has formed different capital groups in different fields. While providing services to society, they have also gathered a large amount of wealth and power. They can influence government and parliamentary decisions through various means. This includes oil groups and aviation industry interest groups. High-speed rail is a natural competitor to the aviation industry. Global experience shows that high-speed rail is more convenient and comfortable than flying for travel distances within 800 kilometers. For travel distances of 1,000-1,500 kilometers, high-speed rail is less timely than airplanes, but its economy can make up for this shortcoming. For travel distances of more than 1,500 kilometers, airplanes have obvious advantages. At least half of the aircraft routes in the United States are shorter than 1,500 kilometers. Therefore, the construction of high-speed rail is bound to threaten the interests of aviation interest groups.
2. 制度差异
美国：资本集团影响力大
过去几十年来，美国在不同领域形成了不同的资本集团。他们在为社会提供服务的同时，也聚集了大量的财富和权力。他们可以通过各种方式影响政府和议会的决策。这包括石油集团和航空业利益集团。高铁是航空业的天然竞争对手。全球经验表明，800公里以内的出行距离，高铁比飞机更加便捷舒适。对于1000-1500公里的出行距离，高铁的及时性不如飞机，但其经济性可以弥补这一缺点。对于1500公里以上的出行距离，飞机优势明显。美国至少有一半的飞机航线长度小于1500公里。因此，高铁的建设势必会威胁到航空利益集团的利益。
Similarly, solar energy and new energy are bound to threaten the interests of traditional oil groups.
With their huge wealth and political resources, they will do everything they can to stop it. For example, sponsoring scholars and environmentalists, advocating the shortcomings of new technologies, supporting opposition members of parliament, blocking land acquisition, etc.
同样，太阳能和新能源也必然会威胁到传统石油集团的利益。
凭借其巨大的财富和政治资源，他们将竭尽全力阻止它。例如赞助学者和环保人士、宣扬新技术的缺点、支持议会反对派议员、阻止征地等。
With their huge wealth and political resources, they will do everything they can to stop it. For example, sponsoring scholars and environmentalists, advocating the shortcomings of new technologies, supporting opposition members of parliament, blocking land acquisition, etc.
同样，太阳能和新能源也必然会威胁到传统石油集团的利益。
凭借其巨大的财富和政治资源，他们将竭尽全力阻止它。例如赞助学者和环保人士、宣扬新技术的缺点、支持议会反对派议员、阻止征地等。
China: Government’s influence is strong
China also has oil groups and aviation groups. However, these groups are either state-owned enterprises themselves or small and medium-sized private enterprises, and they are unable to interfere with the will of the government. National planners can advance the application and construction of new technologies in the most beneficial and least controversial way. If there are obxtions to environmental protection, they will add environmental protection technology; if there are land property rights disputes, they will increase the purchase price; if there are concerns about noise, they will develop sound insulation materials. In short, society as a whole will work together to solve problems in order to advance the goals rather than hinder the progress of the project.
中国：政府影响力强大
中国也有石油集团、航空集团。但这些群体要么是国有企业本身，要么是中小型私营企业，他们无法干预政府的意志。国家规划者可以以最有利且争议最小的方式推进新技术的应用和建设。如果对环保有异议，就会添加环保技术；如果存在土地产权纠纷，就会提高购买价格；如果担心噪音，他们就会开发隔音材料。总之，整个社会将共同努力解决问题，以推进目标，而不是阻碍项目的进展。
China also has oil groups and aviation groups. However, these groups are either state-owned enterprises themselves or small and medium-sized private enterprises, and they are unable to interfere with the will of the government. National planners can advance the application and construction of new technologies in the most beneficial and least controversial way. If there are obxtions to environmental protection, they will add environmental protection technology; if there are land property rights disputes, they will increase the purchase price; if there are concerns about noise, they will develop sound insulation materials. In short, society as a whole will work together to solve problems in order to advance the goals rather than hinder the progress of the project.
中国：政府影响力强大
中国也有石油集团、航空集团。但这些群体要么是国有企业本身，要么是中小型私营企业，他们无法干预政府的意志。国家规划者可以以最有利且争议最小的方式推进新技术的应用和建设。如果对环保有异议，就会添加环保技术；如果存在土地产权纠纷，就会提高购买价格；如果担心噪音，他们就会开发隔音材料。总之，整个社会将共同努力解决问题，以推进目标，而不是阻碍项目的进展。
Therefore, the resistance and cost of large-scale construction of high-speed railways and the promotion of new technologies and projects such as solar energy in China are much smaller than those in the United States.
The above two core reasons are the key to widening the gap between China and the United States in some new technologies and new projects.
因此，中国大规模建设高铁、推广太阳能等新技术、新项目的阻力和成本远小于美国。
以上两个核心原因是中美在一些新技术、新项目上差距拉大的关键。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The above two core reasons are the key to widening the gap between China and the United States in some new technologies and new projects.
因此，中国大规模建设高铁、推广太阳能等新技术、新项目的阻力和成本远小于美国。
以上两个核心原因是中美在一些新技术、新项目上差距拉大的关键。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Of course, there are many secondary reasons. For example, China has more reasonable government planning, more forward-looking scientific investment, more clever business plans and harder-working young people.
High-speed rail and solar energy are just two areas of this new field. This gap is also beginning to appear in many other fields.
当然，还有很多次要原因。比如，中国有更合理的政府规划、更有前瞻性的科学投资、更巧妙的商业计划、更勤奋的年轻人。
高铁和太阳能只是这个新领域的两个领域。这种差距也开始出现在许多其他领域。
High-speed rail and solar energy are just two areas of this new field. This gap is also beginning to appear in many other fields.
当然，还有很多次要原因。比如，中国有更合理的政府规划、更有前瞻性的科学投资、更巧妙的商业计划、更勤奋的年轻人。
高铁和太阳能只是这个新领域的两个领域。这种差距也开始出现在许多其他领域。
For example: electric cars
United States: The United States is an innovator in electric vehicles, and Tesla Inc. is the clear leader in this field. But what have Americans done for Tesla?
1. The pursuit of capital market
Rational behavior, because electric vehicles are indeed a promising industry. Tesla stock price is doing very well.
2. Government subsidies
It's more of a political commitment, because the Europeans were promised that the United States needs to reduce carbon emissions. Europeans are more subsidized.
Other than that? Almost none.
Even the President of the United States (Trump) publicly opposes electric vehicles. Why would he oppose such a promising industry?
例如：电动汽车
美国：美国是电动汽车领域的创新者，特斯拉公司是该领域明显的领导者。但美国人为特斯拉做了什么？
1、资本市场的追捧
理性行为，因为电动汽车确实是一个有前途的行业。特斯拉的股价表现非常好。
2、政府补贴
这更多的是一种政治承诺，因为欧洲人被承诺美国需要减少碳排放。而且欧洲人已经制定了更多补贴。
除此之外？几乎没有。
就连美国总统（特朗普）也公开反对电动汽车。这么有前途的行业他为什么要反对呢？
United States: The United States is an innovator in electric vehicles, and Tesla Inc. is the clear leader in this field. But what have Americans done for Tesla?
1. The pursuit of capital market
Rational behavior, because electric vehicles are indeed a promising industry. Tesla stock price is doing very well.
2. Government subsidies
It's more of a political commitment, because the Europeans were promised that the United States needs to reduce carbon emissions. Europeans are more subsidized.
Other than that? Almost none.
Even the President of the United States (Trump) publicly opposes electric vehicles. Why would he oppose such a promising industry?
例如：电动汽车
美国：美国是电动汽车领域的创新者，特斯拉公司是该领域明显的领导者。但美国人为特斯拉做了什么？
1、资本市场的追捧
理性行为，因为电动汽车确实是一个有前途的行业。特斯拉的股价表现非常好。
2、政府补贴
这更多的是一种政治承诺，因为欧洲人被承诺美国需要减少碳排放。而且欧洲人已经制定了更多补贴。
除此之外？几乎没有。
就连美国总统（特朗普）也公开反对电动汽车。这么有前途的行业他为什么要反对呢？
China: China is a follower of electric vehicles, and many companies are following Tesla's route in manufacturing products. Let’s look at what the Chinese have done for their electric car companies
1. Control of lithium mines
State-owned enterprises acquire lithium, cobalt, nickel and other metal deposits around the world to create the basis for large-scale manufacturing of lithium batteries. Don't even consider whether you can make a profit right now.
Currently, Tesla relies on Chinese companies for most of its batteries.
2. Control rare earths
Government regulations, in conjunction with state-owned enterprises, control the production and export of rare earths, monopolizing global rare earth refining technology and restricting exports. Create a foundation for China's large-scale manufacturing of high-efficiency electric motors.
Key basic materials for electric vehicles
Currently, Tesla relies on Chinese companies for key magnets in its motors.
中国：中国是电动汽车的追随者，很多企业都在追随特斯拉的路线制造产品。让我们看看中国人为他们的电动汽车公司做了什么
1、锂矿布局
国有企业在全球收购锂、钴、镍等金属矿藏，为大规模制造锂电池奠定基础。甚至不要考虑现在是否可以盈利。
目前，特斯拉的大部分电池依赖中国公司。
2.控制稀土
政府监管会同国有企业控制稀土生产和出口，垄断全球稀土提炼技术并限制出口。为中国高效电机规模化制造奠定基础。
目前，特斯拉依赖中国公司生产其电机的关键磁体。
1. Control of lithium mines
State-owned enterprises acquire lithium, cobalt, nickel and other metal deposits around the world to create the basis for large-scale manufacturing of lithium batteries. Don't even consider whether you can make a profit right now.
Currently, Tesla relies on Chinese companies for most of its batteries.
2. Control rare earths
Government regulations, in conjunction with state-owned enterprises, control the production and export of rare earths, monopolizing global rare earth refining technology and restricting exports. Create a foundation for China's large-scale manufacturing of high-efficiency electric motors.
Key basic materials for electric vehicles
Currently, Tesla relies on Chinese companies for key magnets in its motors.
中国：中国是电动汽车的追随者，很多企业都在追随特斯拉的路线制造产品。让我们看看中国人为他们的电动汽车公司做了什么
1、锂矿布局
国有企业在全球收购锂、钴、镍等金属矿藏，为大规模制造锂电池奠定基础。甚至不要考虑现在是否可以盈利。
目前，特斯拉的大部分电池依赖中国公司。
2.控制稀土
政府监管会同国有企业控制稀土生产和出口，垄断全球稀土提炼技术并限制出口。为中国高效电机规模化制造奠定基础。
目前，特斯拉依赖中国公司生产其电机的关键磁体。
3. Industrial funds
A national development fund has been set up for the three major areas of lithium batteries, electric motors, and control systems. Investing in innovative companies in these three fields has given rise to electric vehicle supply chain giants such as CATL and Inovance Technologies.
4. Nationwide charging facilities
The government requires state-owned enterprise groups to build a nationwide electric vehicle charging network. Within 10 years, all highways and major urban roads in China were covered with super charging stations. Currently, China accounts for 68% of the world's high-speed charging stations, and these state-owned enterprises do not need to pursue profits.
State-owned enterprises are responsible for infrastructure, and car companies only need to care about making good products
This eliminates the need for any Chinese electric vehicle start-up to worry about where to charge their cars. Tesla can only rely on its own strength to slowly build charging stations, and other American start-ups have no choice but to rely on users' home charging facilities.
Currently, China operates 855,000 super DC charging piles, while the United States only has 31,000. China is 27 times larger than the United States。
3、产业基金
针对锂电池、电机、控制系统三大领域设立了国家发展基金。在这三个领域投资创新企业，催生了宁德时代、汇川技术等电动汽车供应链巨头。
4. 全国充电设施
政府要求国有企业集团建设覆盖全国的电动汽车充电网络。 10年内，中国所有高速公路和主要城市道路都覆盖了超级充电站。目前，中国高速充电站数量占全球的68%，这些国企没有必要追求利润。
国企负责基础设施，车企只管做好产品
这使得任何中国电动汽车初创企业都无需担心在哪里给汽车充电。特斯拉只能依靠自己的力量慢慢建设充电站，而其他美国初创企业则只能依靠用户的支持，慢速的家庭充电设施。
目前，中国运营着85.5万个超级直流充电桩，而美国只有3.1万个。中国比美国大27倍。
A national development fund has been set up for the three major areas of lithium batteries, electric motors, and control systems. Investing in innovative companies in these three fields has given rise to electric vehicle supply chain giants such as CATL and Inovance Technologies.
4. Nationwide charging facilities
The government requires state-owned enterprise groups to build a nationwide electric vehicle charging network. Within 10 years, all highways and major urban roads in China were covered with super charging stations. Currently, China accounts for 68% of the world's high-speed charging stations, and these state-owned enterprises do not need to pursue profits.
State-owned enterprises are responsible for infrastructure, and car companies only need to care about making good products
This eliminates the need for any Chinese electric vehicle start-up to worry about where to charge their cars. Tesla can only rely on its own strength to slowly build charging stations, and other American start-ups have no choice but to rely on users' home charging facilities.
Currently, China operates 855,000 super DC charging piles, while the United States only has 31,000. China is 27 times larger than the United States。
3、产业基金
针对锂电池、电机、控制系统三大领域设立了国家发展基金。在这三个领域投资创新企业，催生了宁德时代、汇川技术等电动汽车供应链巨头。
4. 全国充电设施
政府要求国有企业集团建设覆盖全国的电动汽车充电网络。 10年内，中国所有高速公路和主要城市道路都覆盖了超级充电站。目前，中国高速充电站数量占全球的68%，这些国企没有必要追求利润。
国企负责基础设施，车企只管做好产品
这使得任何中国电动汽车初创企业都无需担心在哪里给汽车充电。特斯拉只能依靠自己的力量慢慢建设充电站，而其他美国初创企业则只能依靠用户的支持，慢速的家庭充电设施。
目前，中国运营着85.5万个超级直流充电桩，而美国只有3.1万个。中国比美国大27倍。
5. Legal priority
In many large cities, the right of way for fuel vehicles is restricted. Electric vehicles are given priority or are not restricted. In places such as Shanghai and Beijing, electric vehicles will be given priority for license approval. Fuel vehicles will have to wait indefinitely.
6. The pursuit of capital market
Start-ups such as NiO, Xpeng, and Lixiang were quickly established with the help of the capital market. It only took Tesla 1/3 of the time to complete the development and launch of the vehicle. BYD, a traditional company, has become a star in the capital market because they entered the electric vehicle industry ten years ago.
7. Government subsidies and tax incentives
Similar to European countries, they provide subsidies to production companies and tax exemptions to users. This is relatively similar to the United States.
8. Points regulations
Any car manufacturer that produces cars in China needs to earn points. The rules of the game are simple. You can get points by producing electric vehicles, and you need to consume points by producing fuel vehicles. If you don’t have enough points, you can buy from peers.
This rule of the game forces Toyota, Volkswagen, and Chrysler to invest in electric vehicles in China, or simply spend money to buy points from their Chinese counterparts. Tesla makes hundreds of millions of dollars a year selling credits to its Japanese peers, as do other Chinese companies.
5. 法律优先权
在许多大城市，燃油车的路权受到限制。电动汽车优先或不受限制。上海、北京等地，电动汽车将优先获得牌照。燃油车将不得不无限期地等待。
6、资本市场的追捧
蔚来、小鹏汽车、理想汽车等初创企业借助资本市场迅速成立。只用了特斯拉1/3的时间就完成了车辆的开发和上市。比亚迪这家传统企业，十年前就进军电动汽车行业，现在成为资本市场的明星。
7. 政府补贴和税收优惠
与欧洲国家类似，他们对生产企业提供补贴，对用户免税。这一点与美国比较相似。
八、积分规定
任何在中国生产汽车的汽车制造商都需要赚取积分。游戏规则很简单。生产电动车可以获得积分，生产燃油车需要消耗积分。如果积分不够，可以向同行购买。
这一游戏规则迫使丰田、大众和克莱斯勒在中国投资电动汽车，或者干脆花钱从中国同行那里购买积分。特斯拉每年通过向日本同行出售积分赚取数亿美元，其他中国公司也是如此。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In many large cities, the right of way for fuel vehicles is restricted. Electric vehicles are given priority or are not restricted. In places such as Shanghai and Beijing, electric vehicles will be given priority for license approval. Fuel vehicles will have to wait indefinitely.
6. The pursuit of capital market
Start-ups such as NiO, Xpeng, and Lixiang were quickly established with the help of the capital market. It only took Tesla 1/3 of the time to complete the development and launch of the vehicle. BYD, a traditional company, has become a star in the capital market because they entered the electric vehicle industry ten years ago.
7. Government subsidies and tax incentives
Similar to European countries, they provide subsidies to production companies and tax exemptions to users. This is relatively similar to the United States.
8. Points regulations
Any car manufacturer that produces cars in China needs to earn points. The rules of the game are simple. You can get points by producing electric vehicles, and you need to consume points by producing fuel vehicles. If you don’t have enough points, you can buy from peers.
This rule of the game forces Toyota, Volkswagen, and Chrysler to invest in electric vehicles in China, or simply spend money to buy points from their Chinese counterparts. Tesla makes hundreds of millions of dollars a year selling credits to its Japanese peers, as do other Chinese companies.
5. 法律优先权
在许多大城市，燃油车的路权受到限制。电动汽车优先或不受限制。上海、北京等地，电动汽车将优先获得牌照。燃油车将不得不无限期地等待。
6、资本市场的追捧
蔚来、小鹏汽车、理想汽车等初创企业借助资本市场迅速成立。只用了特斯拉1/3的时间就完成了车辆的开发和上市。比亚迪这家传统企业，十年前就进军电动汽车行业，现在成为资本市场的明星。
7. 政府补贴和税收优惠
与欧洲国家类似，他们对生产企业提供补贴，对用户免税。这一点与美国比较相似。
八、积分规定
任何在中国生产汽车的汽车制造商都需要赚取积分。游戏规则很简单。生产电动车可以获得积分，生产燃油车需要消耗积分。如果积分不够，可以向同行购买。
这一游戏规则迫使丰田、大众和克莱斯勒在中国投资电动汽车，或者干脆花钱从中国同行那里购买积分。特斯拉每年通过向日本同行出售积分赚取数亿美元，其他中国公司也是如此。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
9. Embrace foreign counterparts
Tesla has received super-national treatment in China, and the Chinese government even changed the law for him. This has changed the 30-year history of not allowing foreign automobile companies to operate as sole proprietorships. Let Tesla build the Gigafactory on the best land in Shanghai. All government officials, suppliers and social media are working hard to cooperate with Tesla. It only took 8 months from approving the project to the first Model 3 rolling off the assembly line. The same project in the United States would take three times as long.
In 2023, the Shanghai factory produced half of the world's Teslas. The efficiency of this factory is equal to the combined production capacity of Tesla's other three factories.
The huge difference in attitudes between the two countries towards the electric vehicle industry has resulted in the fact that there is currently only one Tesla in the United States, while a group of Teslas have emerged in China. You know, no matter how strong the lion is, it is difficult to defeat the wolves. What will happen in the next ten years?
9.拥抱外国同行
特斯拉在中国得到了超国民待遇，中国政府甚至为他修改了法律。这改变了30年来不允许外国汽车公司独资经营的历史。让特斯拉在上海最好的土地上建设超级工厂。所有政府官员、供应商和社交媒体都在努力与特斯拉合作。从立项到第一辆Model 3下线，仅用了8个月的时间。在美国，同样的项目将花费三倍的时间。
2023年，上海工厂生产了全球一半的特斯拉。这家工厂的效率相当于特斯拉其他三个工厂产能的总和。
两国对电动汽车行业态度的巨大差异，导致目前美国只有一家特斯拉，而中国却涌现了一批特斯拉。要知道，狮子再强大，也很难战胜狼。未来十年会发生什么？
Tesla has received super-national treatment in China, and the Chinese government even changed the law for him. This has changed the 30-year history of not allowing foreign automobile companies to operate as sole proprietorships. Let Tesla build the Gigafactory on the best land in Shanghai. All government officials, suppliers and social media are working hard to cooperate with Tesla. It only took 8 months from approving the project to the first Model 3 rolling off the assembly line. The same project in the United States would take three times as long.
In 2023, the Shanghai factory produced half of the world's Teslas. The efficiency of this factory is equal to the combined production capacity of Tesla's other three factories.
The huge difference in attitudes between the two countries towards the electric vehicle industry has resulted in the fact that there is currently only one Tesla in the United States, while a group of Teslas have emerged in China. You know, no matter how strong the lion is, it is difficult to defeat the wolves. What will happen in the next ten years?
9.拥抱外国同行
特斯拉在中国得到了超国民待遇，中国政府甚至为他修改了法律。这改变了30年来不允许外国汽车公司独资经营的历史。让特斯拉在上海最好的土地上建设超级工厂。所有政府官员、供应商和社交媒体都在努力与特斯拉合作。从立项到第一辆Model 3下线，仅用了8个月的时间。在美国，同样的项目将花费三倍的时间。
2023年，上海工厂生产了全球一半的特斯拉。这家工厂的效率相当于特斯拉其他三个工厂产能的总和。
两国对电动汽车行业态度的巨大差异，导致目前美国只有一家特斯拉，而中国却涌现了一批特斯拉。要知道，狮子再强大，也很难战胜狼。未来十年会发生什么？
I can also list some other industries. they are very similar
In the development of many new industries, the United States is like a rich man. Americans feel that they have everything, and new things will only bring trouble. They start with a list of problems and then decide: We don’t need it, or it’s too expensive.
The Chinese, on the other hand, are like a poor young man, willing to try anything. New things are opportunities for them. They'll try it first, and if there's a problem, fix it as they go!
This phenomenon frightened the United States, so politicians began to take measures. But their measures are not to make themselves stronger, but to try to prevent China from becoming stronger. From trade wars to various technical sanctions, from decoupling to de-risking, they are all concrete manifestations of this phenomenon. The United States is like a fat man leading the race, shouting to the thin Chinese running behind him: "Hey! You can't run so fast, stop for me, or I will teach you a lesson!"
我还可以列出一些其他行业。他们非常相似
在很多新兴产业的发展上，美国就像一个富翁。美国人觉得自己拥有了一切，新事物只会带来麻烦。他们首先列出一系列问题，然后决定：我们不需要它，或者它太贵了。
另一方面，中国人就像一个贫穷的年轻人，愿意尝试任何事情。新事物对他们来说就是机会。他们会先尝试，如果有问题，就立即解决！
这种现象吓坏了美国，于是政客们开始采取措施。但他们的举措并不是为了让自己更强，而是试图阻止中国变得更强。从贸易战到各种技术制裁，从脱钩到去风险，都是这一现象的具体表现。美国就像一个领跑的胖子，对着后面跑的瘦中国人喊道：“嘿！你不能跑那么快，给我停下来，不然我就教训你！”
In the development of many new industries, the United States is like a rich man. Americans feel that they have everything, and new things will only bring trouble. They start with a list of problems and then decide: We don’t need it, or it’s too expensive.
The Chinese, on the other hand, are like a poor young man, willing to try anything. New things are opportunities for them. They'll try it first, and if there's a problem, fix it as they go!
This phenomenon frightened the United States, so politicians began to take measures. But their measures are not to make themselves stronger, but to try to prevent China from becoming stronger. From trade wars to various technical sanctions, from decoupling to de-risking, they are all concrete manifestations of this phenomenon. The United States is like a fat man leading the race, shouting to the thin Chinese running behind him: "Hey! You can't run so fast, stop for me, or I will teach you a lesson!"
我还可以列出一些其他行业。他们非常相似
在很多新兴产业的发展上，美国就像一个富翁。美国人觉得自己拥有了一切，新事物只会带来麻烦。他们首先列出一系列问题，然后决定：我们不需要它，或者它太贵了。
另一方面，中国人就像一个贫穷的年轻人，愿意尝试任何事情。新事物对他们来说就是机会。他们会先尝试，如果有问题，就立即解决！
这种现象吓坏了美国，于是政客们开始采取措施。但他们的举措并不是为了让自己更强，而是试图阻止中国变得更强。从贸易战到各种技术制裁，从脱钩到去风险，都是这一现象的具体表现。美国就像一个领跑的胖子，对着后面跑的瘦中国人喊道：“嘿！你不能跑那么快，给我停下来，不然我就教训你！”
评论翻译
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Profile photo for Kelvin Lee
Kelvin Lee
· Oct 27
Well written, enjoyed it. Tq
I would like to add that the use of state funds is different
China spends a large amount of its government budget on technology subsidies and infrastructure construction.
The United States spends a large amount of its budget on war
The money Afghanistan burns could rebuild high-speed rail networks around the world
写得好，很喜欢
我想补充一点，国家资金的使用不同
中国把大量的政府预算花在科技补贴，基础设施建设上。
而美国把大量的预算花在战争上
阿富汗烧掉的钱，可以重建全世界的高铁网络
Profile photo for Kelvin Lee
Kelvin Lee
· Oct 27
Well written, enjoyed it. Tq
I would like to add that the use of state funds is different
China spends a large amount of its government budget on technology subsidies and infrastructure construction.
The United States spends a large amount of its budget on war
The money Afghanistan burns could rebuild high-speed rail networks around the world
写得好，很喜欢
我想补充一点，国家资金的使用不同
中国把大量的政府预算花在科技补贴，基础设施建设上。
而美国把大量的预算花在战争上
阿富汗烧掉的钱，可以重建全世界的高铁网络
Profile photoProfile photo for Thusitha Amarasinghe
Thusitha Amarasinghe
· Oct 27
Good Explanation.
It's strange that so many people read and retweeted this answer
But not many people commented
Maybe Americans are speechless
很好的解释。
很奇怪的是，这个答案有如此多的人阅读和转发
但是没有多少人评价
也许美国人都无言以对
Thusitha Amarasinghe
· Oct 27
Good Explanation.
It's strange that so many people read and retweeted this answer
But not many people commented
Maybe Americans are speechless
很好的解释。
很奇怪的是，这个答案有如此多的人阅读和转发
但是没有多少人评价
也许美国人都无言以对
Profile photoProfile photo for John Pryor
John Pryor
· Oct 28
Nice but I will add in answer to the question. High speed rail - the US would greatly benefit from it the high level of infrastructure in China supports industry so it’s one of the things that attracts it. The ability to easily move your goods makes a difference.
Solar Power - China needs the electricity true but China has specifically targeted emerging technologies with a view to being the world leader. Solar is one of many things targeted because as a world leader you make the money.
Tesla as mentioned - China could see EVs were the way to go & believed Tesla could lead the field. They turned Tesla into what it is today by lending billions of dollars to them. The Texas plant as well as Shanghai was funded by Chinese money. Tesla & China benefit their EV market has taken off along with the supply chain, batteries etc. Just look at the support given China built more EV chargers in 5 weeks than the US has.
Hate to say in answer to your question China thinks to the future & plans for it. The US has largely stagnated by comparison. Huge reserves of fossil fuel is not a good excuse for not leading the way in solar, which country do you think will be pulling in the cash in the future?
很好，但我会补充这个问题的答案。高铁-美国将从中受益匪浅。中国的高水平基础设施支持工业，因此这是吸引它的因素之一。轻松运送货物的能力会有所不同。
太阳能-中国确实需要电力，但中国专门针对新兴技术，以期成为世界领先者。太阳能是众多目标之一，因为作为世界领导者，你可以赚钱。
如前所述，特斯拉-中国可以看到电动汽车是未来的发展方向&相信特斯拉可以引领这一领域。他们通过向特斯拉提供数十亿美元的贷款，将特斯拉变成了今天的样子。得克萨斯州的工厂和上海的工厂都是由中国资金资助的。特斯拉和中国受益于他们的电动汽车市场以及供应链、电池等的发展。看看中国在5周内制造的电动汽车充电器比美国好得多就知道了。
在回答你的问题时，我不想说中国对未来的思考和计划。相比之下，美国在很大程度上停滞不前。巨大的化石燃料储量并不是太阳能领域不领先的好借口，你认为哪个国家未来会从中获利？
John Pryor
· Oct 28
Nice but I will add in answer to the question. High speed rail - the US would greatly benefit from it the high level of infrastructure in China supports industry so it’s one of the things that attracts it. The ability to easily move your goods makes a difference.
Solar Power - China needs the electricity true but China has specifically targeted emerging technologies with a view to being the world leader. Solar is one of many things targeted because as a world leader you make the money.
Tesla as mentioned - China could see EVs were the way to go & believed Tesla could lead the field. They turned Tesla into what it is today by lending billions of dollars to them. The Texas plant as well as Shanghai was funded by Chinese money. Tesla & China benefit their EV market has taken off along with the supply chain, batteries etc. Just look at the support given China built more EV chargers in 5 weeks than the US has.
Hate to say in answer to your question China thinks to the future & plans for it. The US has largely stagnated by comparison. Huge reserves of fossil fuel is not a good excuse for not leading the way in solar, which country do you think will be pulling in the cash in the future?
很好，但我会补充这个问题的答案。高铁-美国将从中受益匪浅。中国的高水平基础设施支持工业，因此这是吸引它的因素之一。轻松运送货物的能力会有所不同。
太阳能-中国确实需要电力，但中国专门针对新兴技术，以期成为世界领先者。太阳能是众多目标之一，因为作为世界领导者，你可以赚钱。
如前所述，特斯拉-中国可以看到电动汽车是未来的发展方向&相信特斯拉可以引领这一领域。他们通过向特斯拉提供数十亿美元的贷款，将特斯拉变成了今天的样子。得克萨斯州的工厂和上海的工厂都是由中国资金资助的。特斯拉和中国受益于他们的电动汽车市场以及供应链、电池等的发展。看看中国在5周内制造的电动汽车充电器比美国好得多就知道了。
在回答你的问题时，我不想说中国对未来的思考和计划。相比之下，美国在很大程度上停滞不前。巨大的化石燃料储量并不是太阳能领域不领先的好借口，你认为哪个国家未来会从中获利？
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Ramesh Baboonarine
· Oct 28
Excellent answer.
回答很好。
Ramesh Baboonarine
· Oct 28
Excellent answer.
回答很好。
Profile photoProfile photo for Mich Verschuere
Mich Verschuere
· Oct 27
The points system for electronic / gasoline cars is quite genious.
电子/汽油车的积分系统相当天才。
Mich Verschuere
· Oct 27
The points system for electronic / gasoline cars is quite genious.
电子/汽油车的积分系统相当天才。
Profile photoProfile photo for Aries Budhyanto
Aries Budhyanto
· Oct 27
It makes sense at economic point of views but also US & Eropean investors won’t take a chance “go electric” as the range of the EV has not improved, so they are doing “wait & see” situation.
从经济角度来看，这是有道理的，但美国和欧洲的投资者也不会冒险“电动化”，因为电动汽车的续航里程没有提高，所以他们正在做“观望”的事情。
Aries Budhyanto
· Oct 27
It makes sense at economic point of views but also US & Eropean investors won’t take a chance “go electric” as the range of the EV has not improved, so they are doing “wait & see” situation.
从经济角度来看，这是有道理的，但美国和欧洲的投资者也不会冒险“电动化”，因为电动汽车的续航里程没有提高，所以他们正在做“观望”的事情。
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Os Jose
· Oct 27
Great answer! The USA has over 16,000 public and private airports. More highways way before China had one. Check this out, the airports in China look like the American Standard airports. The only difference is they have newer PC because it’s newer airport.
很好的答案！美国有16000多个公共和私人机场。比中国有更多的高速公路。看看这个，中国的机场看起来像美国标准机场。唯一的区别是他们有更新的电脑，因为这是更新的机场。
Os Jose
· Oct 27
Great answer! The USA has over 16,000 public and private airports. More highways way before China had one. Check this out, the airports in China look like the American Standard airports. The only difference is they have newer PC because it’s newer airport.
很好的答案！美国有16000多个公共和私人机场。比中国有更多的高速公路。看看这个，中国的机场看起来像美国标准机场。唯一的区别是他们有更新的电脑，因为这是更新的机场。
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Gary Sucher
· Nov 1
Except that almost hidden in your essay is that it is state-owned enterprises that maintain the infrastructure, mines, refineries, etc. Not mentioned are the land grants and below-market loans. An American CEO or labor leader once said that American companies can compete with any company in the world, but they cannot compete with countries, in asking for some protection. This is a major reason why China out-competes every country in whatever field they choose. The US can do the same, and bury every other country, but it is against the creed of western capitalism and would completely dismantle the trade agreements and rules laid out 75 years ago to insure fair trade. What they should do is calculate how much a product would cost if China abided by the same methods used by the US and Europe (possibly still less on many items) and impose tariffs to bring the price more in line with the production norms in the rest of the world.
除了你的文章中几乎隐藏的一点是，维护基础设施、矿山、炼油厂等的是国有企业。没有提到的是土地出让和低于市场的贷款。一位美国首席执行官或劳工领袖曾表示，美国公司可以与世界上任何一家公司竞争，但不能与国家竞争，要求提供一些保护。这就是为什么中国在任何一个国家选择的领域都会在竞争中胜出的主要原因。美国也可以这样做，埋葬其他所有国家，但这违背了西方资本主义的信条，并将彻底废除75年前为确保公平贸易而制定的贸易协议和规则。他们应该做的是计算如果中国遵循美国和欧洲使用的相同方法（可能在许多项目上更少），并征收关税，使价格更符合世界其他地区的生产规范。
Gary Sucher
· Nov 1
Except that almost hidden in your essay is that it is state-owned enterprises that maintain the infrastructure, mines, refineries, etc. Not mentioned are the land grants and below-market loans. An American CEO or labor leader once said that American companies can compete with any company in the world, but they cannot compete with countries, in asking for some protection. This is a major reason why China out-competes every country in whatever field they choose. The US can do the same, and bury every other country, but it is against the creed of western capitalism and would completely dismantle the trade agreements and rules laid out 75 years ago to insure fair trade. What they should do is calculate how much a product would cost if China abided by the same methods used by the US and Europe (possibly still less on many items) and impose tariffs to bring the price more in line with the production norms in the rest of the world.
除了你的文章中几乎隐藏的一点是，维护基础设施、矿山、炼油厂等的是国有企业。没有提到的是土地出让和低于市场的贷款。一位美国首席执行官或劳工领袖曾表示，美国公司可以与世界上任何一家公司竞争，但不能与国家竞争，要求提供一些保护。这就是为什么中国在任何一个国家选择的领域都会在竞争中胜出的主要原因。美国也可以这样做，埋葬其他所有国家，但这违背了西方资本主义的信条，并将彻底废除75年前为确保公平贸易而制定的贸易协议和规则。他们应该做的是计算如果中国遵循美国和欧洲使用的相同方法（可能在许多项目上更少），并征收关税，使价格更符合世界其他地区的生产规范。
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Richard Stringer
· Nov 1
High speed rail is very costly, like billions and billions. And nobody is signing on to use it even if it exists because they have a car. Or a local airport.
USA has no interest in electric power as the main power source. Fossil fuels are controlled by the US dollar so it keeps them on top. If that changes to electric, you can make electric in lots of ways.
The UK was the dominant super power under coal, around the time oil came along the USA was suddenly no1. With electricity, it can be anyone. Anyone who will build infrastructure to make electricity. Its a bit hard to get a military going on electric power alone, oil is better for that right now. But in terms of economic power the country that uses electricity and gets of fossil fuels relinquishes its requirement to pay for fossil fuels in USA dollars. Ironically, using stuff like High Speed trains, which unlike airplanes use electricity.
See the pattern.
高铁的成本非常高，高达数十亿美元。而且没有人签约使用它，即使它存在，因为他们有车，或者当地机场。
美国对电力作为主要能源不感兴趣。化石燃料是由美元控制的，所以它使它们保持在最高水平。如果它变成了电动的，你可以用很多方法制造电。
英国是煤炭下的主导超级大国，大约在石油出现的时候，美国突然成为第一。有了电，任何人都可以达成目标。让一支军队单独依靠电力有点困难，现在石油更适合这样。但就经济实力而言，使用电力的国家将逐渐放弃以美元支付化石燃料的要求。具有讽刺意味的是，使用像高速列车这样的东西，不像飞机那样需要电力。
Richard Stringer
· Nov 1
High speed rail is very costly, like billions and billions. And nobody is signing on to use it even if it exists because they have a car. Or a local airport.
USA has no interest in electric power as the main power source. Fossil fuels are controlled by the US dollar so it keeps them on top. If that changes to electric, you can make electric in lots of ways.
The UK was the dominant super power under coal, around the time oil came along the USA was suddenly no1. With electricity, it can be anyone. Anyone who will build infrastructure to make electricity. Its a bit hard to get a military going on electric power alone, oil is better for that right now. But in terms of economic power the country that uses electricity and gets of fossil fuels relinquishes its requirement to pay for fossil fuels in USA dollars. Ironically, using stuff like High Speed trains, which unlike airplanes use electricity.
See the pattern.
高铁的成本非常高，高达数十亿美元。而且没有人签约使用它，即使它存在，因为他们有车，或者当地机场。
美国对电力作为主要能源不感兴趣。化石燃料是由美元控制的，所以它使它们保持在最高水平。如果它变成了电动的，你可以用很多方法制造电。
英国是煤炭下的主导超级大国，大约在石油出现的时候，美国突然成为第一。有了电，任何人都可以达成目标。让一支军队单独依靠电力有点困难，现在石油更适合这样。但就经济实力而言，使用电力的国家将逐渐放弃以美元支付化石燃料的要求。具有讽刺意味的是，使用像高速列车这样的东西，不像飞机那样需要电力。
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Victoria Shi
· Nov 1
In 2010, and first half of 2011 80% of the solar panel produced in China has been imported to EU (mainly Germany, Italy, Spain ) and some to the US. In 2011, most of the above mentioned EU countries have a severe cut on their financial support (feed-in-tariff) for Photovoltaic projects, which was an ominous sign for China's then booming solar manufacturing industry. Before mid 2011, solar panel manufacturing is such a lucrative business which attracted many investors from various industries. In the meantime, the local governments provided lots of favorable terms (in terms of taxation, and land acquisition) for those who are willing to invest and establish solar panel factories within their governance. This, to a great extent, contributed to the surprising overcapacity within the industry.
The fit-in-tariff cut triggered the cut-throat competition within the industry, Chinese manufactures involved in rounds and rounds of price cut to clear their stock. Then it came the anti-dumping and countervailing charge of America and EU, which basically means that the overseas market has shrank remarkably.
2010年和2011年上半年，中国生产的太阳能电池板80%已进口到欧盟（主要是德国、意大利、西班牙），部分进口到美国。2011年，上述大多数欧盟国家对光伏项目的财政支持（上网电价）大幅削减，这对当时蓬勃发展的中国太阳能制造业来说是一个不祥的预兆。在2011年年中之前，太阳能电池板制造是一项利润丰厚的业务，吸引了来自各个行业的许多投资者。与此同时，地方政府为那些愿意在其治理范围内投资和建立太阳能电池板工厂的人提供许多优惠条件（在税收和土地征用方面）。这在很大程度上导致了该行业令人惊讶的产能过剩。
关税削减引发了行业内的激烈竞争，中国制造商参与了一轮又一轮的降价以清理库存。然后是美国和欧盟的反倾销和反补贴费用，这基本上意味着海外市场明显萎缩。
Victoria Shi
· Nov 1
In 2010, and first half of 2011 80% of the solar panel produced in China has been imported to EU (mainly Germany, Italy, Spain ) and some to the US. In 2011, most of the above mentioned EU countries have a severe cut on their financial support (feed-in-tariff) for Photovoltaic projects, which was an ominous sign for China's then booming solar manufacturing industry. Before mid 2011, solar panel manufacturing is such a lucrative business which attracted many investors from various industries. In the meantime, the local governments provided lots of favorable terms (in terms of taxation, and land acquisition) for those who are willing to invest and establish solar panel factories within their governance. This, to a great extent, contributed to the surprising overcapacity within the industry.
The fit-in-tariff cut triggered the cut-throat competition within the industry, Chinese manufactures involved in rounds and rounds of price cut to clear their stock. Then it came the anti-dumping and countervailing charge of America and EU, which basically means that the overseas market has shrank remarkably.
2010年和2011年上半年，中国生产的太阳能电池板80%已进口到欧盟（主要是德国、意大利、西班牙），部分进口到美国。2011年，上述大多数欧盟国家对光伏项目的财政支持（上网电价）大幅削减，这对当时蓬勃发展的中国太阳能制造业来说是一个不祥的预兆。在2011年年中之前，太阳能电池板制造是一项利润丰厚的业务，吸引了来自各个行业的许多投资者。与此同时，地方政府为那些愿意在其治理范围内投资和建立太阳能电池板工厂的人提供许多优惠条件（在税收和土地征用方面）。这在很大程度上导致了该行业令人惊讶的产能过剩。
关税削减引发了行业内的激烈竞争，中国制造商参与了一轮又一轮的降价以清理库存。然后是美国和欧盟的反倾销和反补贴费用，这基本上意味着海外市场明显萎缩。
Half of the manufactures has either stopped production, shutdown or went bankrupt. The most famous case would be Suntech, the once world's largest solar panel manufactures, went bankrupt in 2013.
Chinese government needs to introduce some policy, supporting scheme to save the industry. Before 2010, China’s domestic solar demand is almost non-existence. After the introduction of the FIT for large utility-scale solar projects and the new favorable policy for distributed installations, China’s domestic solar market witnessed a boost in 2011 and 2012.
For large grid-connected projects (which are mainly constructed in the west, Qinghai, xinjiang Province) the feed-in-tariff is calculated by each kWh sold to the grid.
For off-grid projects, there used to be the Golden Sun Scheme, which was not a well designed financial support mechanism as the incentive is issued before the construction phase. This constituted quite some fraud, as some of the developers acquired the grant but never started the installation. The Gold Sun scheme was a failure and the central government has stopped this scheme.
The latest incentive would be for distributed/decentralized photovoltaic projects , namely small projects with an overall capacity of less then 6MW.
The incentives schemes has been improving gradually and the financial support has been stronger, which does manifested the resolution of Chinese central government in developing its solar market.
一半的制造商要么停产，要么倒闭。最著名的案例是曾经世界上最大的太阳能电池板制造商尚德在2013年破产。
接着中国政府出台了一些政策、扶持计划来挽救这个行业。在2010年之前，中国国内的太阳能需求几乎不存在。2011年和2012年，随着大型公用事业太阳能项目的上网电价和分布式安装的新优惠政策的出台，中国国内太阳能市场得到了提振。
对于大型并网项目（主要在西部、青海和新疆省建设），上网电价按每千瓦时售电量计算。
对于离网项目，过去有金太阳计划，这不是一个设计良好的财政支持机制，因为激励措施是在建设阶段之前发布的。这构成了相当大的欺诈，因为一些开发商获得了拨款，但从未开始安装。金太阳计划失败了，中央政府停止了这一计划。
最新的激励措施是分布式/分散式光伏项目，即总容量低于6MW的小型项目。
激励机制逐步完善，财政支持力度加大，体现了中国中央政府发展太阳能市场的决心。
Chinese government needs to introduce some policy, supporting scheme to save the industry. Before 2010, China’s domestic solar demand is almost non-existence. After the introduction of the FIT for large utility-scale solar projects and the new favorable policy for distributed installations, China’s domestic solar market witnessed a boost in 2011 and 2012.
For large grid-connected projects (which are mainly constructed in the west, Qinghai, xinjiang Province) the feed-in-tariff is calculated by each kWh sold to the grid.
For off-grid projects, there used to be the Golden Sun Scheme, which was not a well designed financial support mechanism as the incentive is issued before the construction phase. This constituted quite some fraud, as some of the developers acquired the grant but never started the installation. The Gold Sun scheme was a failure and the central government has stopped this scheme.
The latest incentive would be for distributed/decentralized photovoltaic projects , namely small projects with an overall capacity of less then 6MW.
The incentives schemes has been improving gradually and the financial support has been stronger, which does manifested the resolution of Chinese central government in developing its solar market.
一半的制造商要么停产，要么倒闭。最著名的案例是曾经世界上最大的太阳能电池板制造商尚德在2013年破产。
接着中国政府出台了一些政策、扶持计划来挽救这个行业。在2010年之前，中国国内的太阳能需求几乎不存在。2011年和2012年，随着大型公用事业太阳能项目的上网电价和分布式安装的新优惠政策的出台，中国国内太阳能市场得到了提振。
对于大型并网项目（主要在西部、青海和新疆省建设），上网电价按每千瓦时售电量计算。
对于离网项目，过去有金太阳计划，这不是一个设计良好的财政支持机制，因为激励措施是在建设阶段之前发布的。这构成了相当大的欺诈，因为一些开发商获得了拨款，但从未开始安装。金太阳计划失败了，中央政府停止了这一计划。
最新的激励措施是分布式/分散式光伏项目，即总容量低于6MW的小型项目。
激励机制逐步完善，财政支持力度加大，体现了中国中央政府发展太阳能市场的决心。
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Virgil Fenn
· Nov 1
It reminds me of the old joke that goes: “what is the difference between the Boy Scouts and Congress? ……….. The Boy Scouts have adult leadership.”
There is much about China the Chinese government that is abhorrent to me, but the results are promising.
这让我想起了一个古老的笑话：“童子军和国会有什么区别？……童子军有成年人的领导能力。”
关于中国，中国政府有很多让我深恶痛绝的地方，但他们的结果是很棒的。
Virgil Fenn
· Nov 1
It reminds me of the old joke that goes: “what is the difference between the Boy Scouts and Congress? ……….. The Boy Scouts have adult leadership.”
There is much about China the Chinese government that is abhorrent to me, but the results are promising.
这让我想起了一个古老的笑话：“童子军和国会有什么区别？……童子军有成年人的领导能力。”
关于中国，中国政府有很多让我深恶痛绝的地方，但他们的结果是很棒的。
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Murray Pryor
· Nov 1
And yet they are still building coal-fired power. Maybe they haven’t found a way to make solar work at night?
然而，他们仍在建设燃煤发电厂。也许他们还没有找到让太阳能在晚上工作的方法？
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Murray Pryor
· Nov 1
And yet they are still building coal-fired power. Maybe they haven’t found a way to make solar work at night?
然而，他们仍在建设燃煤发电厂。也许他们还没有找到让太阳能在晚上工作的方法？
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Evan Pallesen
· Nov 1
An example we do well to follow. But stupid is as stupid does. Of course we could afford to build a lot more nuclear power stations and that would be much healthier for the folks living near the power stations. everything.
一个我们值得效仿的例子，但蠢人总是做蠢事。当然，我们可以负担得起建造更多的核电站，这对生活在核电站附近的人们来说会更健康。
Evan Pallesen
· Nov 1
An example we do well to follow. But stupid is as stupid does. Of course we could afford to build a lot more nuclear power stations and that would be much healthier for the folks living near the power stations. everything.
一个我们值得效仿的例子，但蠢人总是做蠢事。当然，我们可以负担得起建造更多的核电站，这对生活在核电站附近的人们来说会更健康。
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Evan Pallesen
· Nov 1
Yep. A great way to profit from the self-destruction of the West while giving us a gentle push on our way.
It’s a pity that articles like this can only be found on Quora
Useless
Congress only cares about slogans in the streets
是的。这是一个从西方的自我毁灭中获利的好方法，同时给我们一个温和的推动力。
很可惜，这样的文章只有在Quora才能看到
没有用
国会只关心街头的口号
Evan Pallesen
· Nov 1
Yep. A great way to profit from the self-destruction of the West while giving us a gentle push on our way.
It’s a pity that articles like this can only be found on Quora
Useless
Congress only cares about slogans in the streets
是的。这是一个从西方的自我毁灭中获利的好方法，同时给我们一个温和的推动力。
很可惜，这样的文章只有在Quora才能看到
没有用
国会只关心街头的口号
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