英国中产阶级:尽管年收入高达6万英镑,但仍在挣扎
2024-02-26 jiangye111 5795
正文翻译
UK middle classes ‘struggling despite incomes of up to £60,000 a year’
-Insecure jobs and high housing costs make it hard to maintain decent living standard, says abrdn Financial Fairness Trust

英国中产阶级:尽管年收入高达6万英镑,但仍在挣扎
——abrdn金融公平信托基金称,不稳定的工作和高昂的住房成本使得人们很难维持体面的生活水平


(The abrdn Financial Fairness Trust report said problems of middle-class insecurity were especially acute for single parents.)

(英国金融公平信托基金会的报告称,中产阶级的不安全感问题对单亲父母来说尤其严重。)
新闻:

Britain’s insecure jobs market and high housing costs are leading to the growth of a precarious middle class struggling to maintain a decent living standard on household incomes as high as £60,000 a year, a report has said.

一份报告称,英国不稳定的就业市场和高昂的住房成本正导致一个不稳定的中产阶级的增长,他们的家庭年收入高达6万英镑,但难以维持体面的生活水平。

A study released by abrdn Financial Fairness Trust, a research body set up by the fund manager, said the uncertain nature of work meant there was a one in three chance that someone earning a middle income today would not be doing so next year.

由这位基金经理创立的研究机构abrdn金融公平信托基金发布的一份研究报告称,工作的不确定性意味着,今天处于中等收入水平的人明年将有三分之一的概率失业。

The report – Caught in the Middle – said that problems of middle-class insecurity were especially acute for single parents, with those in employment more likely than not to be in an insecure job.

这份名为《夹在中间》的报告称,中产阶级的不安全感问题对单身父母来说尤其严重,那些有工作的人更有可能从事一份不稳定的工作。

Donald Hirsch, a policy adviser at the FFT and one of the report’s authors, said 20% of those in the middle fifth of the income distribution were struggling to pay for food and other essentials. “It is people earning between £30,000-£60,000 a year, depending on the type of household, people who you would expect to be doing OK,” he said.

该信托基金的政策顾问、该报告的作者之一唐纳德·赫希说,在收入分配的中间五分之一的人群中,有20%的人难以支付食物和其他必需品。他说:“年收入在3万至6万英镑之间的人会过得不错,这取决于家庭的类型。”

“Being on a middle income does not make people secure. In the present cost of living crisis, the vulnerabilities of people on modest incomes have become more apparent. They face significant uncertainties, and are rightly encouraged to save both for rainy days and their retirement,” Hirsch said.

赫希说:“中等收入并不能让人有安全感。在当前的生活成本危机中,中等收入人群的脆弱性变得更加明显。他们面临着巨大的不确定性,因此被鼓励存钱以备不时之需和退休之需。

“Yet if they are also paying off student debt and have high housing costs, it becomes difficult to maintain a decent living standard today – even at the minimum level often associated with lower income groups.”

“然而,如果他们还要偿还学生贷款,还要承担高昂的住房成本,那么如今就很难维持体面的生活水平了——甚至是通常与低收入群体相关的最低生活水平。”

The report defines work as “insecure” if someone is either self-employed or has been working for their present employer for less than two years, or less than three years if working part-time. It also classifies very low-paid full-time jobs – where pay is less than half the full-time average – as insecure.

该报告将个体户或为现任雇主工作不到两年,或兼职工作不到三年的人定义为“不安全”工作。它还将收入极低(收入不到全职平均水平的一半)的全职工作归类为“不安全”工作。

Working-age adults became more likely to be in work, but less likely to be in secure work, during the 2010s.

在2010年代,工作年龄的成年人有工作的概率更高,但有稳定工作的概率更低。

Worklessness – combining unemployment and economic inactivity – fell from 20% to 18% over this period, but secure employment also fell, by 1.5 percentage points, while insecure employment rose by four percentage points.

在此期间,失业率(包括失业和经济不活跃)从20%下降到18%,但稳定就业也下降了1.5个百分点,不稳定就业上升了4个百分点。

Hirsch said the problems of the precarious middle classes were not as severe as for those further down the income scale, but that it was important for the government to act to tackle growing insecurity.

赫希说,不稳定的中产阶级的问题不像收入水平较低的中产阶级那么严重,但政府采取行动解决日益增长的不安全感是很重要的。

“Measures to improve predictability, stability and the right to flexible working had been promised for the present parliament, but were not delivered. In the coming parliament, this should be a priority.”

“改善可预见性、稳定性和灵活工作权利的措施已向本届议会作出承诺,但没有兑现。在即将到来的新一届议会中,这应该是一个优先事项。”

The study found that more than one in four people in the middle of the income distribution were not in secure employment, and one in seven were not in secure housing. One in three of those in the middle quintile in a given year will have slipped down to a lower quintile the following year.

研究发现,在收入分配中,超过四分之一的人没有稳定的工作,七分之一的人没有稳定的住房。在给定年份处于中间五分之一段的人中,有三分之一的人将在第二年滑落到较低的五分之一段。

While financial pressures on middle income families were not new, some issues had become more important. Childcare costs had outstripped other prices and earnings; housing had in many cases become less affordable; student debt had increased significantly and pension savings were becoming more important to retirement security.

虽然中等收入家庭的财政压力并不新鲜,但有些问题变得更加重要。托儿费用超过了其他价格和收入;在许多情况下,住房变得越来越难以负担;学生债务大幅增加,养老金储蓄对退休保障越来越重要。

“Some groups are clearly more vulnerable than others. Single adults and lone parents have less security and resilience than couples. People in privately rented accommodation face the double disadvantage of high housing costs and low security,” the report said. “Younger adults are more likely than older ones to have insecure work, higher housing costs and be repaying student debt.”

该报告称:“有些群体显然比其他群体更脆弱。单身成年人和单身父母的安全感和适应力不如夫妻。私人租赁住房的人面临着住房成本高和安全性低的双重劣势。年轻人比老年人更有可能工作不稳定,住房成本更高,还要偿还学生贷款。”

In addition to measures to provide greater employment security, the report said more needed to be done to boost the protection given to tenants in the private rented sector. The renters reform bill – which is going through parliament – was an important step, the report said.

除了提供更大的就业保障措施外,报告称还需要采取更多措施来加强对私人租赁部门租户的保护。报告称,正在议会审议的房客改革法案是重要的一步。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


It argued that more should be done to ensure the rising earnings of those on middle incomes were not cancelled out by childcare costs, and to increase the amount of contributions made by employers and government to pensions.

它认为,应该采取更多措施,以确保中等收入人群收入的增长不会被儿童保育成本抵消,并增加雇主和政府对养老金的贡献。

评论翻译
DaVirus
The monetary system is broken. There is no solution, only patch work.
We are in a lot of ways paying the bill for 2008.
The way technology and progress works demands a deflationary economy at some point.
Governments are closing their eyes to it and will only create further strife.

货币体系已经崩溃。没有解决办法,只能修修补补。
我们在很多方面都在为2008年(金融危机)埋单。
科技和进步的运作方式要求经济在某个时候出现通缩。
各国政府对此视而不见,只会制造进一步的冲突。

notablackDerbyshire
My mum thinks I'm so well off because I get paid a lot, she is retired and has zero understanding of how expensive living is, especially children.
Oh and she can't look after the kids like she said she would, like her parents did, because she is always on holiday.....

我妈妈认为我很富裕,因为我薪水很高,她退休了,不知道生活有多昂贵,尤其是养孩子。
哦,而且她不能像她答应过帮我们带孩子(像她的父母当年帮她带我们一样),因为她总是在度假……

原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Conscious-Ball8373
It depends a lot on your circumstances.
£55 split between two people who bought a house together in 2005 is pretty comfortable. Your mortgage is nearly paid off and the repayments are very manageable. The tax burden has been inching up but neither of you are into the higher band. Your kids have probably reached the point where you don't get child benefit anyway and they're looking at moving out. Perhaps you could sell up and move somewhere more relaxed, with cheaper housing, into a smaller house, and come out with a nice chunk of change to spend on that once-in-a-lifetime holiday?
re each month to having to make serious cuts to their spending to survive.

这在很大程度上取决于你的情况。
两个人在2005年一起分期买一套5.5万英镑的房子是相当舒适的。你的抵押贷款快还清了,还款也很容易应付。(此后)税收负担一直在缓慢增加,但你们两个都没有进入更高的收入范围。你们的孩子可能已经长大到了你得不到儿童福利的年龄,并且他们正在考虑搬出去住。也许你可以卖掉房子,搬到一个生活更轻松的地方,住在更便宜的房子里,住在一个更小的房子里,然后带着一大笔零钱去度过一生一次的假期?

redmagor
I now make about £50,000 per year. I do not struggle, but I would be lying if I said I was swimming in gold. The reason? I have chosen to live in a mouldy, poorly-insulated, one-bedroom flat, by myself. Due to the mould, I have to air the flat constantly, but during the winter, this makes the place very cold. So, I also have to use a good amount of gas to warm up the place, which loses heat at a rather fast rate. Food costs are becoming unsustainable: nine days ago, I went to Tesco and spent about £105. Yesterday, my fridge was empty. In my cupboard, I have left all the tinned sardines, legumes, and pasta I bought, though, so there is some silver lining. So, am I doing well? Not at all, but at least I live alone.
Last year, I had another job as an ecologist and was making around £23,000 per year. The way to survive? Sharing a house with four other male strangers, some of whom were slobs, never going out on the weekend, and only eating tinned fish.
The bottom line is that I feel I have to make around £50,000 or more just to live semi-decently, without my own property, without going on fancy holidays, in a poorly maintained flat. It is dreadful.

我现在每年大约挣5万英镑。我不挣扎,但如果我说我不差钱,那我就是在撒谎。理由?我选择一个人住在一间发霉的、保温很差的一居室公寓里。由于发霉,我不得不经常给公寓通风,但在冬天,这使得这个地方非常冷。所以,我还必须用大量的燃气来加热这个地方,它会以相当快的速度流失温度。食品成本正变得不可持续:9天前,我去了特易购,花了大约105英镑。昨天,我的冰箱空了。不过,我把买的罐装沙丁鱼、豆类和意大利面都留在了我的橱柜里,所以还是有一线希望的。那么,我过得好吗?一点也不,但至少我一个人住。
去年,我找到了另一份生态护工的工作,年薪约为2.3万英镑。生存之道?和另外四个陌生人住在一起,其中一些人很懒,周末从不出去,只吃罐头鱼。
最重要的是,我觉得我必须赚5万英镑或更多,才能勉强过得体面,还是没有自己的房子,没有豪华假期,住在一套保养不善的公寓里的那种。真是太可怕了。

Bloody-smashingScotland
I’m on 34k (I work part time) husband is on 35k potentially more a year depending how much overtime he does. Life is paycheck to paycheck. Every time we get ahead something else goes up, in December it was the mortgage. This month it will be the car insurance which is up £1000 from last year.
And to top it all off I’m on maternity leave. Once I return to work it will probably take us a couple of years to recover from me being off work.

我的年薪是34000(我兼职工作),丈夫的年薪可能会更高,这取决于他加班的时间。生活就是一份接一份的薪水。每次我们一好转,就会有其他事情发生,在12月是抵押贷款。这个月的费用是汽车保险,比去年增加了1000英镑。
最重要的是,我正在休产假。一旦我重返工作岗位,我们可能需要几年的时间才能从我的休假(造成的损失)中恢复过来。

pax--britannica
This article serves nothing other than to piss people off.
Middle classes are feeling the pinch and are seeing a reduction in their disposable income, and their lifestyles are likely becoming unsustainable as they currently are.
That doesn't mean they're needing to use food banks, worrying about choosing between heating their homes or filling their car up.
In a cost of living crisis, nobody is having it good, but the poorest are proportionally affected the worst.

这篇新闻只会让人生气。
中产阶级感到手头拮据,他们的可支配收入正在减少,他们的生活方式可能会像现在这样难以为继。
这并不意味着他们需要使用食物银行,操心在给房子供暖和给汽车加油之间做出选择。
在生活成本危机中,没有人过得好,但最贫穷的人受影响最大。

KittyGrewAMoustache
Yes of course, but I think the point is that if even people with relatively high incomes feel like they are struggling, then what does that mean for everyone else? It just goes to show how bad things are.

当然,但我认为问题是,如果连收入相对较高的人都觉得自己在挣扎,那对其他人来说意味着什么呢?这只能说明事情有多糟糕。

Spamgrenade
We already know how bad things are for everybody else, don't need sob stories from people who are simply going to have to make some lifestyle changes.

我们已经知道事情对其他人来说有多糟糕了,不需要从那些不得不改变生活方式的人那里听到悲伤的故事。

StardewObsessive
You’re not wrong. The difference is that many of those middle classes aren’t really the middle class anymore. They’re still working class. They’re still likely to be one or two negative financial events away from being in deep water and they know there isn’t any support for them. I’m not saying people with less have it easy. But they are more likely to be able to access some form of financial assistance. The more people who start to fall into the category of needing financial assistance, the harder it will be for everyone. E.g. we don’t have enough genuinely affordable housing or enough housing offered under social rent. If the middle classes start to lose their ability to keep a roof over their heads, they’ll end up on those waiting lists with people with less.

你没有错。区别在于,这些中产阶级中的许多人已经不再是真正的中产阶级了。他们仍然是工人阶级。他们离陷入困境还差一两个负面的金融事件,他们知道没有任何支持。我并不是说穷人过得容易,但他们更有可能获得某种形式的经济援助。需要经济援助的人越多,每个人的处境就越艰难。比如,我们没有足够的真正负担得起的住房,也没有足够的廉租房。如果中产阶级开始失去维持生计的能力,他们最终会和比他们更穷的人一起排在等候名单上。

UJ_Reddit
Of course, 60k is enough to live on. But it doesn’t go far after bills, pension, childcare, mortgage

当然,6万英镑足够维持生活了。但在账单、养老金、儿童保育、抵押贷款之后,这笔钱就不多了

MapConfident338
I think even then this is location dependent - London and a family and I don't see how this is easily viable.
Obviously always tradeoffs, but to buy a small house where I live now (Fulham) you are looking at c. £300k a year needed just to get there, with even 2 bed flats going up to £1m now!

我认为即使这样,这也取决于地点——如果在伦敦,并且是家庭总收入,那我不认为这是足够的。
显然总是要权衡的,但是在我现在住的地方(富勒姆)买一套小房子,你需要每年30万英镑才能过得去,现在甚至两床公寓都要100万英镑!

smoothie1919
High income child benefit tax charge is one reason. We just had a bill for £850. Our friends who earn near enough 100k on the dot combined received full child benefit and had nothing to repay.

高收入儿童福利税是其中一个原因。我们刚收到一张850英镑的账单。我们的朋友们挣的钱加起来差不多有10万,他们得到了全额的儿童福利,而且没有任何东西需要偿还。

jnthhk
My wife and I are in jobs that earn considerably more (University Professor, NHS Consultant) than my parents did (teachers, one part time). However, we have a similar standard of living to that which I experienced as a child.
I’m not complaining, we own a house, have two second hand cars, can go on a European holiday each year — and I don’t really want more. However, it does seem quite striking how much more you need to earn these days (combined income circa £150k) to be in a situation that would have been achievable with much less in previous generations.

我妻子和我的工作(大学教授,国家医疗体系顾问)比我父母(教师,兼职)挣得多得多。然而,我们的生活水平却与我小时候的生活水平差不多。
我不是在抱怨,我们有一栋房子,有两辆二手车,每年都可以去欧洲度假——我真的不想要更多了。然而,现在你需要多挣多少钱(总收入约15万英镑)才能达到在前几代人靠少得多的收入就能达到的生活水平呢——这似乎相当让人震惊。

TheMightosaurusWales
I’ve decided to never have kids for this reason. I can barely afford to live by myself let alone raise and support another human being.

因为这个原因,我决定永远不要孩子。我几乎负担不起自己的生活,更不用说抚养和支持另一个人了。

JimJonesdrinkkoolaid
These issues aren't just UK issues. Go into the Canada sub or Australia sub and you see the same things being complained about.
Even with far superior salaries in the US, I don't think it's much better.

这些问题不仅仅是英国的问题。进入加拿大版块或澳大利亚版块,你也会看到同样的事情被抱怨。
即使在美国拿高得多的工资,我也不认为会好到哪里去。

原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


VenZallowBritish Virgin Islands
Now the middle class is feeling what it’s like to be working class.

现在中产阶级正在感受工人阶级的生活。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Turnip-for-the-books
The reason your generation had it so good (I’m assuming you’re a Baby Boomer or at least Gen X from your username) is because the trend of capital accruing to fewer and fewer people over time was interrupted by war. Society was reset with a new social contract after WWII (universal healthcare, education free at the point of use, affordable homes for the homeless etc). But this has been eroded since Thatcher, our public goods, the family silver, privatised sat waaaaaay below the actual value and so we are back on track to serfdom. Virtually no one under 40 sees the ‘benefits of capitalism’ that your generation did because the benefits of capitalism were in fact the benefits of socialism.

你们这一代人之所以过得这么好(我假设你是婴儿潮一代,或者至少从你的用户名来看是千禧一代),是因为随着时间的推移,资本积累到越来越少的人手中的趋势被战争打断了。二战后,新的社会契约(全民医疗保健,免费教育,为无家可归者提供负担得起的住房等等)重置了社会。但自撒切尔夫人以来,这一点已经被削弱了,我们的公共产品,家传财富,被远远低于实际价值私有化了,所以我们又回到了农奴制的轨道上。实际上,40岁以下的人看不到你们这一代人所看到的“资本主义的好处”,因为那个资本主义的好处,实际上是社会主义的好处。

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