英国近亲结婚的惊人真相
正文翻译
(Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were first cousins, sharing a set of grandparents.)
（维多利亚女王和阿尔伯特亲王是表姐弟，有共同的祖父母。）
新闻：
The surprising truth about inbreeding in the UK - and how the NHS says cousin marriage is NO different to women choosing to give birth in their 30s 'because both are risky'
英国近亲结婚的惊人真相
——以及英国国家医疗体系关于堂/表亲结婚和女性选择在30多岁时生孩子没有什么不同的解释——“因为两者都有风险”。
英国近亲结婚的惊人真相
——以及英国国家医疗体系关于堂/表亲结婚和女性选择在30多岁时生孩子没有什么不同的解释——“因为两者都有风险”。
(Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were first cousins, sharing a set of grandparents.)
（维多利亚女王和阿尔伯特亲王是表姐弟，有共同的祖父母。）
新闻：
Although incredibly controversial, inbreeding in Britain is probably more common than you think.
尽管极具争议性，近亲结婚在英国可能比你想象的更普遍。
尽管极具争议性，近亲结婚在英国可能比你想象的更普遍。
One academic study examining rates of 'extreme' inbreeding – where parents of a child are considered to be first- or second-degree relatives – found 125 Brits out of a sample of 450,000 were the result of such unxs.
一项学术研究调查了“极端”近亲结婚——孩子的父母被认为是一级或二级亲属——的比率，结果发现，在45万份样本中，有125名英国人是这种结合的结果。
一项学术研究调查了“极端”近亲结婚——孩子的父母被认为是一级或二级亲属——的比率，结果发现，在45万份样本中，有125名英国人是这种结合的结果。
First degree relations include those between parent and child, while second-degree includes more distant, but still genetic close relatives, such as half-siblings.
一级关系包括父母和孩子之间的关系，而二级关系包括更远的，但仍然是遗传上的近亲，比如同父异母或同母异父的兄弟姐妹。
一级关系包括父母和孩子之间的关系，而二级关系包括更远的，但仍然是遗传上的近亲，比如同父异母或同母异父的兄弟姐妹。
Extrapolated to the wider population, the 2019 study was reported as meaning some 13,000 Brits were conceived through extreme inbreeding.
据报道，2019年的研究推断到更广泛的人群，意味着约有1.3万名英国人是通过极端近亲交配受孕的。
据报道，2019年的研究推断到更广泛的人群，意味着约有1.3万名英国人是通过极端近亲交配受孕的。
The authors noted , given the nature of the subject and the limited variety of Brits included in the sample, true rates could be significantly higher or lower.
作者指出，考虑到研究对象的性质和样本中英国人的种类有限，真实的比率可能会明显更高或更低。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
作者指出，考虑到研究对象的性质和样本中英国人的种类有限，真实的比率可能会明显更高或更低。
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Of the 125 total, about 43 per cent were attributed to be the result of the first-degree relations, those between parents and children.
在125个样本中，大约43%是由父母和孩子之间的一级关系产生的。
在125个样本中，大约43%是由父母和孩子之间的一级关系产生的。
Some were adopted as children and thus likely had no idea of their parentage.
有些人是被收养的，因此可能不知道他们的父母。
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有些人是被收养的，因此可能不知道他们的父母。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Incest — sexual intercourse between immediate relatives — is illegal in the UK even if consensual.
乱伦——直系亲属之间的性行为——在英国是非法的，哪怕是双方自愿的也不行。
乱伦——直系亲属之间的性行为——在英国是非法的，哪怕是双方自愿的也不行。
Marriages between certain blood relatives — as well as some step relationships — is also illegal.
某些血亲之间的婚姻——以及一些继亲关系——也是非法的。
某些血亲之间的婚姻——以及一些继亲关系——也是非法的。
However, it is legal to marry your cousin in the UK.
然而，在英国和你的堂/表亲结婚是合法的。
然而，在英国和你的堂/表亲结婚是合法的。
Cousin marriage – which falls under the consanguine bracket – was once common among Britain's upper classes, with it historically seen as a way of firming up alliances and keeping wealth and land in the family.
堂/表亲婚姻——属于近亲婚姻——曾经在英国上层阶级中很普遍，历史上它被视为一种巩固联盟和保持家庭财富和土地的方式。
堂/表亲婚姻——属于近亲婚姻——曾经在英国上层阶级中很普遍，历史上它被视为一种巩固联盟和保持家庭财富和土地的方式。
While falling out of fashion, alongside other arranged marriages, the practice is still common in some UK communities.
虽然今天和其他包办婚姻一样已经不流行了，但这种做法在英国的一些社区仍然很常见。
虽然今天和其他包办婚姻一样已经不流行了，但这种做法在英国的一些社区仍然很常见。
Experts have previously written about how a preference for cousin-marriage among British Pakistanis was a contributing factor in child mortality rates in Bradford due to an increased risk of genetic conditions.
专家此前曾撰文指出，由于遗传疾病的风险增加，英国巴基斯坦裔对堂/表亲婚姻的偏好是导致布拉德福德儿童死亡率上升的一个因素。
专家此前曾撰文指出，由于遗传疾病的风险增加，英国巴基斯坦裔对堂/表亲婚姻的偏好是导致布拉德福德儿童死亡率上升的一个因素。
NHS studies between 2007-11 found consanguineous marriage accounted for 60 per cent of marital unxs in people of Pakistani heritage in Bradford.
2007年至2011年间，英国国家医疗体系的研究发现，近亲婚姻占布拉德福德巴基斯坦裔婚姻的60%。
2007年至2011年间，英国国家医疗体系的研究发现，近亲婚姻占布拉德福德巴基斯坦裔婚姻的60%。
This compared to just 1 per cent among white British couples in the area.
相比之下，该地区仅有1%的英国白人夫妇这样做。
相比之下，该地区仅有1%的英国白人夫妇这样做。
Of the Pakistani-heritage marriages, 37 per cent were to a first-cousin.
在有巴基斯坦血统的婚姻中，37%是和堂/表亲结婚。
在有巴基斯坦血统的婚姻中，37%是和堂/表亲结婚。
Subsequent NHS studies, conducted between 2016 and 2020, have found the rate among that particular community has fallen to around 43 per cent.
2016年至2020年期间进行的国家医疗体系后续研究发现，该特定社区的这一比例已降至43%左右。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
2016年至2020年期间进行的国家医疗体系后续研究发现，该特定社区的这一比例已降至43%左右。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The NHS has previously stated cousin-marriage cousin accounts for about a third of birth defects in leaflets distributed to families in Bradford.
英国国家医疗体系此前在向布拉德福德家庭分发的传单中表示，近亲婚姻占出生缺陷的三分之一左右。
英国国家医疗体系此前在向布拉德福德家庭分发的传单中表示，近亲婚姻占出生缺陷的三分之一左右。
Under a scheme tracking rates across the area, health chiefs describe cousin marriage as a cultural practice.
在一项追踪该地区结婚率的计划中，卫生主管将堂/表亲婚姻描述为一种文化习俗。
在一项追踪该地区结婚率的计划中，卫生主管将堂/表亲婚姻描述为一种文化习俗。
Wording still available online today states it is no different than white British people choosing to have children over the age of 34, in terms of increasing the risk of genetic conditions in a baby.
今天网上仍然可以找到的措辞表明，就增加婴儿遗传疾病的风险而言，这与英国白人选择在34岁以上生孩子没有什么不同。
今天网上仍然可以找到的措辞表明，就增加婴儿遗传疾病的风险而言，这与英国白人选择在34岁以上生孩子没有什么不同。
Worldwide, one in 10 people are thought to be a result of a consanguineous unx.
在世界范围内，十分之一的人口被认为是近亲结合的结果。
在世界范围内，十分之一的人口被认为是近亲结合的结果。
Estimates on consanguineous marriage prence around the world vary.
世界各地对近亲结婚流行率的估计各不相同。
世界各地对近亲结婚流行率的估计各不相同。
Studies have put Pakistan as having one of the highest rates globally at 65 per cent of unxs.
研究显示，巴基斯坦在这一集合中的流行率为65%，是全球最高的国家之一。
研究显示，巴基斯坦在这一集合中的流行率为65%，是全球最高的国家之一。
This is followed by India (55 per cent), Saudi Arabia (50 per cent), Afghanistan (40 per cent), Iran (30 per cent) and Egypt and Turkey (20 per cent each).
紧随其后的是印度（55%）、沙特阿拉伯（50%）、阿富汗（40%）、伊朗（30%）以及埃及和土耳其（各占20%）。
紧随其后的是印度（55%）、沙特阿拉伯（50%）、阿富汗（40%）、伊朗（30%）以及埃及和土耳其（各占20%）。
Other data sets used by genetic experts studying consanguineous marriage have put the UK as having a rate of 1 to 4 per cent, while the US has a lower rate of less than 1 per cent.
研究近亲婚姻的基因专家使用的其他数据集显示，英国的这一比例为1%至4%，而美国的比例更低，不到1%。
研究近亲婚姻的基因专家使用的其他数据集显示，英国的这一比例为1%至4%，而美国的比例更低，不到1%。
Data suggests the risk of a child resulting from a unx of first cousins developing a genetic condition is between 3 to 6 per cent.
数据显示，近亲结婚生下的孩子患上遗传疾病的风险在3%到6%之间。
数据显示，近亲结婚生下的孩子患上遗传疾病的风险在3%到6%之间。
This still means the majority of children born in such circumstances will be healthy, however, the increased risk is undeniable. It's roughly double the risk compared to children from unrelated parents.
这仍然意味着在这种情况下出生的大多数孩子将是健康的，然而，风险的增加是不可否认的。与无血缘关系的孩子相比，这一风险大约是其两倍。
这仍然意味着在这种情况下出生的大多数孩子将是健康的，然而，风险的增加是不可否认的。与无血缘关系的孩子相比，这一风险大约是其两倍。
Potential conditions include birth defects, developmental delays, and genetic disorders such as blindness, hearing loss, neonatal diabetes, and limb malformations.
潜在的情况包括出生缺陷、发育迟缓和遗传性疾病，比如失明、听力丧失、新生儿糖尿病和肢体畸形。
潜在的情况包括出生缺陷、发育迟缓和遗传性疾病，比如失明、听力丧失、新生儿糖尿病和肢体畸形。
Risks broadly increases the closer the genetic relationship between the parents, as well as if there is a family history of such unxs, as genetic errors can compound between generations.
父母之间的遗传关系越密切，以及如果有这种结合的家族史，风险就会普遍增加，因为基因错误会在几代人之间叠加放大。
父母之间的遗传关系越密切，以及如果有这种结合的家族史，风险就会普遍增加，因为基因错误会在几代人之间叠加放大。
During conception, children receive one copy of genes from each parent, with the harmful genetic mutations, known as recessive genes, typically overridden by healthier dominant genes.
在受孕期间，孩子从父母双方获得一份基因拷贝，其中有害的基因突变，即隐性基因，通常会被更健康的显性基因所取代。
在受孕期间，孩子从父母双方获得一份基因拷贝，其中有害的基因突变，即隐性基因，通常会被更健康的显性基因所取代。
But when closely related individuals have a child there is a decrease in genetic variations.
但是（血缘）当关系密切的个体有了一个孩子，基因改变就会减少。
但是（血缘）当关系密切的个体有了一个孩子，基因改变就会减少。
This may lead to recessive genes not being overwritten and becoming dominant in a child, causing many types of congenital disabilities.
这可能会导致隐性基因没有被覆盖，而在孩子身上成为显性基因，从而导致许多类型的先天性残疾。
这可能会导致隐性基因没有被覆盖，而在孩子身上成为显性基因，从而导致许多类型的先天性残疾。
These can include low IQ, cleft palate, heart conditions, cystic fibrosis, and an increased risk of infant death.
这些可能包括低智商、腭裂、心脏病、囊性纤维化和婴儿死亡风险增加。
这些可能包括低智商、腭裂、心脏病、囊性纤维化和婴儿死亡风险增加。
An increased interest and availability of DIY genealogy kits, enabling people to track their genetic family history, is leading to many people uncovering uncomfortable truths about themselves and their relations.
人们对自检家谱试剂的兴趣及其可用性越来越高，它使人们能够追踪他们的遗传家族史，这导致许多人发现了关于他们自己和他们的关系的令人不安的真相。
人们对自检家谱试剂的兴趣及其可用性越来越高，它使人们能够追踪他们的遗传家族史，这导致许多人发现了关于他们自己和他们的关系的令人不安的真相。
This has, in part, lead to some people, including in the US, discovering they are the result of an incestuous unx, or in some shocking cases learning they have married or had sex with someone who then turned out to be a close relative.
这在一定程度上导致一些人，包括美国人，发现自己是乱伦婚姻的结果，或者在一些令人震惊的案例中，发现自己与近亲结婚或发生性关系。
这在一定程度上导致一些人，包括美国人，发现自己是乱伦婚姻的结果，或者在一些令人震惊的案例中，发现自己与近亲结婚或发生性关系。
First cousin marriages were once far more common and include some famous historical figures.
堂/表亲通婚一度更为普遍，其中包括一些著名的历史人物。
堂/表亲通婚一度更为普遍，其中包括一些著名的历史人物。
The father-of-evolution Charles Darwin married his first cousin Emma Wedgwood, and the famous physicist Albert Einstein married his first cousin Elsa Lowenthal.
进化论之父查尔斯·达尔文娶了他的表妹艾玛·韦奇伍德，著名物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦娶了他的表妹艾尔莎·洛温塔尔。（译注：也可能是堂，我不一一去查找核实了，下同。）
进化论之父查尔斯·达尔文娶了他的表妹艾玛·韦奇伍德，著名物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦娶了他的表妹艾尔莎·洛温塔尔。（译注：也可能是堂，我不一一去查找核实了，下同。）
Authors Edgar Allan Poe and H.G. Wells were also known to have married their cousins.
众所周知，作家埃德加·爱伦·坡和H·G·威尔斯也娶了他们的堂/表亲。
众所周知，作家埃德加·爱伦·坡和H·G·威尔斯也娶了他们的堂/表亲。
The British Royal family have also, like many European nobility, engaged in consanguineous unxs.
像许多欧洲贵族一样，英国王室也有近亲婚姻。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
像许多欧洲贵族一样，英国王室也有近亲婚姻。
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Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were first cousins, sharing a set of grandparents.
维多利亚女王和阿尔伯特王子是表姐弟，有共同的祖父母。
维多利亚女王和阿尔伯特王子是表姐弟，有共同的祖父母。
In more modern times, former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein's first wife was his cousin Sajida Talfah.
在更现代的时代，前伊拉克独裁者萨达姆·侯赛因的第一任妻子是他的表妹赛吉达·塔尔法。
在更现代的时代，前伊拉克独裁者萨达姆·侯赛因的第一任妻子是他的表妹赛吉达·塔尔法。
Musician JerrY LEE Lewis, of 'Great Balls of Fire' fame controversially married his cousin Myra Gale Lewis Williams when she was just 13, he was 22 at the time.
音乐家杰里·李·刘易斯因《火焰球》而出名，他在表妹迈拉·盖尔·刘易斯·威廉姆斯13岁时与她结婚，当时他22岁。
音乐家杰里·李·刘易斯因《火焰球》而出名，他在表妹迈拉·盖尔·刘易斯·威廉姆斯13岁时与她结婚，当时他22岁。
评论翻译
MalaysianinPerth
The problem is repeated cousin marriage through the generations
问题在于代代反复的堂/表亲婚姻
The problem is repeated cousin marriage through the generations
问题在于代代反复的堂/表亲婚姻
occasionalbrowse
The reality is we stopped this a long time ago. It’s very much not accepted in British society.
We have imported lots of people who do this though.
A very high % of Pakistanis in the uk are married to blood relatives for example.
It didn’t need to be made illegal before. Imo it does now. I read one article saying over 50% of British Pakistanis in the uk end up marrying a blood relative
Up to 58% of British Pakistanis marry first cousins.
事实是我们很久以前就停止这么干了。这在英国社会是不被接受的。
但我们引进了很多这样的人。
比如，在英国有很高比例的巴基斯坦裔与血亲结婚。
以前不需要把它定为非法。在我看来，现在有需求了。我读过一篇文章，说超过50%的英国巴基斯坦裔最终婚配了一个血亲
高达58%的英国巴基斯坦裔与堂/表亲结婚。
The reality is we stopped this a long time ago. It’s very much not accepted in British society.
We have imported lots of people who do this though.
A very high % of Pakistanis in the uk are married to blood relatives for example.
It didn’t need to be made illegal before. Imo it does now. I read one article saying over 50% of British Pakistanis in the uk end up marrying a blood relative
Up to 58% of British Pakistanis marry first cousins.
事实是我们很久以前就停止这么干了。这在英国社会是不被接受的。
但我们引进了很多这样的人。
比如，在英国有很高比例的巴基斯坦裔与血亲结婚。
以前不需要把它定为非法。在我看来，现在有需求了。我读过一篇文章，说超过50%的英国巴基斯坦裔最终婚配了一个血亲
高达58%的英国巴基斯坦裔与堂/表亲结婚。
Noushbertine
My friend's Pakistani parents were cousins, so my friend was born with a severe inbreeding-related disability. So severe that they left her in the UK with her grandparents and 16yo uncle to raise while they returned to Pakistan and had more children. Surprise surprise the youngest child was born with the same condition though slightly milder.
I've met her family - they moved to the UK when she was older, and she went to live with them as an adult. They are, some views aside, nice people, but i could never get over putting yourself in a position to do that to your child, more-or-less abandoning them, and continuing to have more children.
我朋友的巴基斯坦裔父母是堂/表亲，所以我的朋友生来就患有严重的近亲繁殖相关残疾。很严重，以至于他们把她留在英国，由她的祖父母和16岁的叔叔抚养，而他们回到巴基斯坦生了更多的孩子。令人惊讶的是，最小的孩子出生时也患有同样的疾病，只是病情稍轻一些。
我见过她的家人——她长大后他们搬到了英国，她成年后和他们住在一起。撇开一些观点不谈，他们都是好人，但我永远无法接受把自己置于这样干的境地，或多或少地抛弃他们，继续生更多的孩子。
My friend's Pakistani parents were cousins, so my friend was born with a severe inbreeding-related disability. So severe that they left her in the UK with her grandparents and 16yo uncle to raise while they returned to Pakistan and had more children. Surprise surprise the youngest child was born with the same condition though slightly milder.
I've met her family - they moved to the UK when she was older, and she went to live with them as an adult. They are, some views aside, nice people, but i could never get over putting yourself in a position to do that to your child, more-or-less abandoning them, and continuing to have more children.
我朋友的巴基斯坦裔父母是堂/表亲，所以我的朋友生来就患有严重的近亲繁殖相关残疾。很严重，以至于他们把她留在英国，由她的祖父母和16岁的叔叔抚养，而他们回到巴基斯坦生了更多的孩子。令人惊讶的是，最小的孩子出生时也患有同样的疾病，只是病情稍轻一些。
我见过她的家人——她长大后他们搬到了英国，她成年后和他们住在一起。撇开一些观点不谈，他们都是好人，但我永远无法接受把自己置于这样干的境地，或多或少地抛弃他们，继续生更多的孩子。
Ready_Maybe
Pakistan has a massive problem with caste. Parents would only want their children to marry within the same caste and the easiest way to verify that was your cousins. And older generations tended to (forcibly) follow their parents in this backwards tradition. Thankfully the newest generations seem to be rejecting this wholeheartedly so hopefully that percentage will go down.
巴基斯坦的种姓问题很严重。父母只希望自己的孩子与同一种姓的人结婚，而最简单的验证方法就是你的堂/表兄弟姐妹。而老一辈人倾向于（强行）遵循他们的父母这种落后的传统。值得庆幸的是，最新一代似乎全心全意地拒绝了这一点，所以希望这个比例能下降。
Pakistan has a massive problem with caste. Parents would only want their children to marry within the same caste and the easiest way to verify that was your cousins. And older generations tended to (forcibly) follow their parents in this backwards tradition. Thankfully the newest generations seem to be rejecting this wholeheartedly so hopefully that percentage will go down.
巴基斯坦的种姓问题很严重。父母只希望自己的孩子与同一种姓的人结婚，而最简单的验证方法就是你的堂/表兄弟姐妹。而老一辈人倾向于（强行）遵循他们的父母这种落后的传统。值得庆幸的是，最新一代似乎全心全意地拒绝了这一点，所以希望这个比例能下降。
Potential-Secret-760
I severely doubt a woman giving birth in her early 30s is on par for risk versus inbreeding.
I don't think this is a native problem... We learned about the dangers quite a while ago.
我非常怀疑“30岁出头生孩子的女性与近亲繁殖的风险是一样的”。
我不认为这是一个本地存在的问题……我们很久以前就知道这些危险了。
I severely doubt a woman giving birth in her early 30s is on par for risk versus inbreeding.
I don't think this is a native problem... We learned about the dangers quite a while ago.
我非常怀疑“30岁出头生孩子的女性与近亲繁殖的风险是一样的”。
我不认为这是一个本地存在的问题……我们很久以前就知道这些危险了。
tskir
As a geneticist, I can confirm that yes marriage between cousins confers about the same risks as a late birth by non-related parents.
People in general tend to underestimate risk of congenital abnormalities, in reality 1 in 30 babies are born with congenital defects, which is quite a lot. This does tend to increase with parents age as well.
作为一名遗传学家，我可以肯定的是，堂/表亲之间的婚姻与非近亲父母晚育的风险是一样的。
人们通常倾向于低估先天性畸形的风险，实际上每30个婴儿中就有1个天生就有先天性缺陷，这是相当多的。这也会随着父母年龄的增长而增加。
As a geneticist, I can confirm that yes marriage between cousins confers about the same risks as a late birth by non-related parents.
People in general tend to underestimate risk of congenital abnormalities, in reality 1 in 30 babies are born with congenital defects, which is quite a lot. This does tend to increase with parents age as well.
作为一名遗传学家，我可以肯定的是，堂/表亲之间的婚姻与非近亲父母晚育的风险是一样的。
人们通常倾向于低估先天性畸形的风险，实际上每30个婴儿中就有1个天生就有先天性缺陷，这是相当多的。这也会随着父母年龄的增长而增加。
mat_caves
I did paediatrics in Luton years ago. It has one of the highest consanguineous populations in the country. Every day we saw ‘once in a career’ super rare autosomal recessive genetic conditions - we managed to cover pretty much the whole textbook!
几年前我在卢顿做儿科医生。它是全国近亲结婚人口最多的地区之一。每天我们都会看到“一生看到一次”的超级罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病——我们几乎涵盖了整本教科书的案例！
I did paediatrics in Luton years ago. It has one of the highest consanguineous populations in the country. Every day we saw ‘once in a career’ super rare autosomal recessive genetic conditions - we managed to cover pretty much the whole textbook!
几年前我在卢顿做儿科医生。它是全国近亲结婚人口最多的地区之一。每天我们都会看到“一生看到一次”的超级罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病——我们几乎涵盖了整本教科书的案例！
greatdrams23
I work in a special needs school. There are about 15 who have downs syndrome, this is a risk of a late pregnancy.
Consanguinity really isn't a large problem.
Fetal alcohol syndrome affects 1 in 120 babies. Yet there is no outcry over that.
我在一所特殊需求学校工作。大约有15人患有唐氏综合症，这是一种怀孕后期的风险。
血亲婚姻真的不是什么大问题。
每120个婴儿中就有1个患有胎儿酒精综合症。然而，没有人对此表示强烈抗议。
I work in a special needs school. There are about 15 who have downs syndrome, this is a risk of a late pregnancy.
Consanguinity really isn't a large problem.
Fetal alcohol syndrome affects 1 in 120 babies. Yet there is no outcry over that.
我在一所特殊需求学校工作。大约有15人患有唐氏综合症，这是一种怀孕后期的风险。
血亲婚姻真的不是什么大问题。
每120个婴儿中就有1个患有胎儿酒精综合症。然而，没有人对此表示强烈抗议。
School_of_thought1
This used to affect I believe a certain religious sec of Jewish community aswell where relatively small community in Britain. Where they would marry cousins and second cousins. I believe they instituted dna testing to see if the couple had increase chance of having kids who had birth defects. It radical cut down their birth defects. I'm pretty sure they marriaged close relatives, but at least they did it in a safer way.
I wonder if the government could reach out ethnic groups through their community leader to implement the same results.
我相信这也曾经影响到英国相对较小的犹太社区。在那里他们会和堂/表兄妹结婚。我相信他们会进行DNA检测，看看这对夫妇是否有更高的几率生下有先天缺陷的孩子。它彻底减少了他们的先天缺陷。我很确定他们和近亲结婚了，但至少他们用了一种更安全的方式。
我想知道政府是否可以通过他们的社区领导人接触到少数民族，以实现（和犹太人）同样的结果。
This used to affect I believe a certain religious sec of Jewish community aswell where relatively small community in Britain. Where they would marry cousins and second cousins. I believe they instituted dna testing to see if the couple had increase chance of having kids who had birth defects. It radical cut down their birth defects. I'm pretty sure they marriaged close relatives, but at least they did it in a safer way.
I wonder if the government could reach out ethnic groups through their community leader to implement the same results.
我相信这也曾经影响到英国相对较小的犹太社区。在那里他们会和堂/表兄妹结婚。我相信他们会进行DNA检测，看看这对夫妇是否有更高的几率生下有先天缺陷的孩子。它彻底减少了他们的先天缺陷。我很确定他们和近亲结婚了，但至少他们用了一种更安全的方式。
我想知道政府是否可以通过他们的社区领导人接触到少数民族，以实现（和犹太人）同样的结果。
Constant_System2298
Honestly we need to be taught more often how dangerous it is to have babies in your 30s I had my first when I was 25 and everyone was convinced me and my wife had babies to soon then I concentrated on my career just turned 30 and want to have more all of a sudden it’s classed as risky? Well if you told me that 5 years ago I would have finished having them all then!
老实说，我们需要更经常被告知在30岁之后生孩子是多么危险。我25岁的时候生了第一个孩子，所有人都相信我和我妻子很快就生了孩子，然后我专注于我的事业，刚满30岁，想要更多的孩子了，突然这被归为有风险？好吧，如果你5年前告诉我，我会趁那时把他们都生完！
Honestly we need to be taught more often how dangerous it is to have babies in your 30s I had my first when I was 25 and everyone was convinced me and my wife had babies to soon then I concentrated on my career just turned 30 and want to have more all of a sudden it’s classed as risky? Well if you told me that 5 years ago I would have finished having them all then!
老实说，我们需要更经常被告知在30岁之后生孩子是多么危险。我25岁的时候生了第一个孩子，所有人都相信我和我妻子很快就生了孩子，然后我专注于我的事业，刚满30岁，想要更多的孩子了，突然这被归为有风险？好吧，如果你5年前告诉我，我会趁那时把他们都生完！
ThemeRemarkable6836
where you going to school at all? I know that since my primary school from biology lessons especially regarding Down Syndrome. Knowing that, I am 37 and still no kids as havent found the right person..
你到底在哪上的学？我从小学生物课上就知道了这一点，特别是关于唐氏综合症。虽然知道这些，我也已经37岁了，还没有孩子，因为我还没有找到合适的人。
where you going to school at all? I know that since my primary school from biology lessons especially regarding Down Syndrome. Knowing that, I am 37 and still no kids as havent found the right person..
你到底在哪上的学？我从小学生物课上就知道了这一点，特别是关于唐氏综合症。虽然知道这些，我也已经37岁了，还没有孩子，因为我还没有找到合适的人。
Tenk-o
Maybe you can argue that the 'risk' is similar in both circumstances however the consequence of making these practices illegal are very different and rly aren't comparable as equal situations. If you say woman can't have kids above a certain age, she could be advised to have a child before she is ready, as the 'healthiest' age for eggs is about 15, which is unacceptable for obvious reasons. Making it illegal to marry first cousins has no discernible downsides imo so why not go for it and cut down on the risk of birth defects as a whole.
也许你可以争辩说，在这两种情况下的“风险”是相似的，但将这些做法定为非法的后果是非常不同的，而且在平等的情况下是无法比较的。如果你说女人过了一定年龄就不能生孩子，那么她可能被建议在准备好之前就生孩子，因为卵子“最健康”的年龄是15岁左右，这是不可接受的，原因很明显。在我看来，将近亲结婚定为非法并没有明显的负面影响，所以为什么不去尝试一下，从整体上降低出生缺陷的风险呢？
Maybe you can argue that the 'risk' is similar in both circumstances however the consequence of making these practices illegal are very different and rly aren't comparable as equal situations. If you say woman can't have kids above a certain age, she could be advised to have a child before she is ready, as the 'healthiest' age for eggs is about 15, which is unacceptable for obvious reasons. Making it illegal to marry first cousins has no discernible downsides imo so why not go for it and cut down on the risk of birth defects as a whole.
也许你可以争辩说，在这两种情况下的“风险”是相似的，但将这些做法定为非法的后果是非常不同的，而且在平等的情况下是无法比较的。如果你说女人过了一定年龄就不能生孩子，那么她可能被建议在准备好之前就生孩子，因为卵子“最健康”的年龄是15岁左右，这是不可接受的，原因很明显。在我看来，将近亲结婚定为非法并没有明显的负面影响，所以为什么不去尝试一下，从整体上降低出生缺陷的风险呢？
QuantumR4geHampshire
A woman is most fertile around 19-21, not sure where 15 came from, the risks of someone 14-15 getting pregnant are actually pretty similar to geriatric pregnancy
女性在19-21岁时最具生育能力，不确定你这个15岁从何而来，14-15岁的人怀孕的风险实际上与老年怀孕非常相似
A woman is most fertile around 19-21, not sure where 15 came from, the risks of someone 14-15 getting pregnant are actually pretty similar to geriatric pregnancy
女性在19-21岁时最具生育能力，不确定你这个15岁从何而来，14-15岁的人怀孕的风险实际上与老年怀孕非常相似
Thorazine_Chaser
There is however a huge difference in how people make those two choices. There are many sound reasons why a woman might have children in their 30s. I can’t say the same about inbreeding.
然而，人们如何做出这两种选择是有很大不同的。女性在30多岁时生孩子有很多合理的理由。近亲繁育就不一样了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
There is however a huge difference in how people make those two choices. There are many sound reasons why a woman might have children in their 30s. I can’t say the same about inbreeding.
然而，人们如何做出这两种选择是有很大不同的。女性在30多岁时生孩子有很多合理的理由。近亲繁育就不一样了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
limeflavouredHucknall
As I understand it, doing it once in many generations is not particularly risky compared to other factors. The issue is repeatedly doing it generation after generation.
据我所知，与其他因素相比，每隔几代人搞一次近亲结婚并不特别危险。问题在于一代又一代地重复这样做。
As I understand it, doing it once in many generations is not particularly risky compared to other factors. The issue is repeatedly doing it generation after generation.
据我所知，与其他因素相比，每隔几代人搞一次近亲结婚并不特别危险。问题在于一代又一代地重复这样做。
SouthernAnt3733
I mean are we not going to discuss the culture inside of England where abouts half of the marriages are to cousins?
我的意思是我们不讨论一下英国内部的文化吗？在英国大约有一半的婚姻是和堂/表亲结婚的。
I mean are we not going to discuss the culture inside of England where abouts half of the marriages are to cousins?
我的意思是我们不讨论一下英国内部的文化吗？在英国大约有一半的婚姻是和堂/表亲结婚的。
Big-Government9775
We really need to make cousin marriages illegal, it costs the NHS way too much, it's completely unsustainable.
我们真的需要让近亲结婚成为违法行为，这让国家医疗体系花费了太多，这是完全不可持续的。
We really need to make cousin marriages illegal, it costs the NHS way too much, it's completely unsustainable.
我们真的需要让近亲结婚成为违法行为，这让国家医疗体系花费了太多，这是完全不可持续的。
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