美版知乎：既然谷歌已经取得了“量子霸权”，那么接下来会发生什么？
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原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：君子冲盈 转载请注明出处
What will happen now that Google has achieved quantum supremacy?
既然谷歌已经取得了“量子霸权”，那么接下来会发生什么？
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：君子冲盈 转载请注明出处
What will happen now that Google has achieved quantum supremacy?
既然谷歌已经取得了“量子霸权”，那么接下来会发生什么？
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原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：君子冲盈 转载请注明出处
既然谷歌已经取得了量子霸权，那么接下来会发生什么？
Lalit Patel, Learning to Learn
Google’s Sycamore quantum computer has achieved ‘quantum supremacy’ says: ‘Google says that it has managed to achieve “quantum supremacy, ” a major milestone when it comes to the development of quantum computers. Google The company posted the achievement in a paper posted on NASA’s website which was later removed, according to the Financial Times. The paper was entitled “Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor,” and detailed what Google says is the first computation that can only be performed on a quantum processor.
Rivals rubbish Google’s claim of quantum supremacy says: ‘But not everyone is ready to call this a turning point for computer science. Google’s claim is “indefensible — it’s just plain wrong”, said Dario Gil, head of research at IBM, one of the competitors in the race to achieve quantum computing. While crediting some of the internet company’s technical advances, he dismisses the claim that this is a seminal moment for computing as “grandiosity”. The research is just “a laboratory experiment designed to essentially — and almost certainly exclusively — implement one very specific quantum sampling procedure with no practical applications,” he said.’
Based on this, Google’ hurried claim of having achieved “quantum supremacy” is not yet widely acceptable.
For the sake of answering this question, let us assume that Google or some other company has now achieved “quantum supremacy”, in the sense that we now have a quantum computer that can do certain tasks that are almost impossible on a classical computer.
【链接：谷歌的 Sycamore 量子计算机实现“量子霸权”】一文称谷歌它已经设法实现了“量子霸权”，这是量子计算机发展的一个重要里程碑。
据英国“金融时报”报道，谷歌公司在NASA网站上发布的一篇论文中公布了这一成就，该论文后来被删除。
这篇论文题为《 使用可编程超导处理器的量子霸权》，并详细介绍了谷歌所说的第一次在量子处理器上执行的计算。
竞争对手对谷歌宣称实现“量子霸权”表示不满：“但并不是所以人都认为这是计算机科学的转折点，”IBM的研究主管达里奥·吉尔表示，谷歌的说法“站不住脚--完全是错误的”。
IBM是实现量子计算竞赛的竞争对手之一。
在称赞这家互联网公司的一些技术进步的同时，他驳斥了有关这是计算领域一个开创性时刻的说法，称其为“浮夸”。他说，这项研究只是“一个实验室实验，本质上是--几乎可以肯定--一种非常具体的量子取样程序，而没有实际应用。”
基于这一点，谷歌匆忙宣称已经实现了“量子霸权”的说法尚未被广泛接受。
但为了回答这个问题，让我们假设谷歌或其他一些公司现在已经实现了“量子霸权”，也就是说我们现在有一台量子计算机可以完成某些在经典计算机上几乎不可能完成的任务。
Mark John Fernee, 20+ years as a physicist
This is not an informed opinion, but just an opinion. Ideally, it''d be best to hear from someone working in the field of quantum computing.
Firstly, I don''t want to downplay the field of quantum computation. What is remarkable today, is that it has emerged from an academic curiosity to an endeavour that covers academia from computer science, through physics to engineering. It is being heavily invested in by corporations, which means that they have bought in to the hype. This has become a hugely important future tech field that is voraciously hiring talent all around the world. There is now some serious momentum and a lot of great science behind the development of this technology.
Now, let''s be a realist and check how the field has progressed in the last 20 or so years. It has been a field of milestones. First there were the theoretical milestones, and a big one was the establishment of viable error correction. Then the physical systems started appearing. There were viable qubits, then single quibit gates and then two quibit gates and finally, the simple demonstration of quantum algorithms. This all took a long time and seemed painfully slow, yet the promise of quantum computing had hit the popular science press by this time and there was a growing awareness.
注：只是一个观点，不是很有根据性，理想情况下，最好听从量子计算领域工作的人的意见。
首先，我不想低估量子计算领域。
值得注意的是，今天，它已经从一种学术上的好奇心发展成为一种努力，涵盖了从计算机科学到物理学再到工程学的各个领域。
企业正在大举投资，这意味着它们已经接受了这种炒作。
量子计算已经成为一个非常重要的未来技术领域，正在全世界范围内大量招聘人才。
这项技术的发展背后，现在有一些重大的动力和许多伟大的科学。
现在，让我们战在一个现实主义者的角度，看看这个领域在过去20年左右的时间里是如何发展的。
这是一个里程碑式的领域。
首先是理论上的里程碑，其中一个重要的里程碑是建立可行的错误纠正，然后物理系统开始出现，有可行的量子位，然后是单个quibit门，再然后是双quibit门，最后是量子算法的简单演示。
这一切花费了很长时间，看起来非常缓慢，然而量子计算的前景在已经冲击了这个时代的大众科普出版界，人们对量子计算的意识也在不断增长。
Then along came a real commercial quantum computer by D-wave.it wasn''t what most people had been expecting. It wasn''t a universal quantum computer that could easily be programmed to do different tasks. Instead it was a quantum annealer. Something quite different. Yet, it was the first past the post. It now holds the mantle of being the world''s first commercial quantum computer. It fills a small room and costs millions. It has qubits and is being used by the likes of NASA. Yet it wasn''t what we were expecting, but it snatched the prize anyway.
Quantum supremacy is just another prize. Of course there''ll be a competition to snatch it. But it is most likely that the winner will be like D-wave. Begrudgingly bestowed the title, but not something that we''d really want to see.
That seems to be the case here. Also bear in mind that the jury is still out on this achievement. Until it has been peer reviewed, or at least discussed among the quantum computing community, it is not really even an achievement. It''s a claim that still needs to be ratified.
What we''d like to see is a machine with a scalable architecture running useful quantum algorithms that are simply not computable on a classical Turing machine, in a manner that is verifiable. That would be the equivalent of graduating from high school. Right now it''s just someone vying for an achievement award.
upxe: Scott Aaronson (an expert on quantum computing) has now blogged about this achievement and is quite upbeat about it. Go and read about it here: Scott’s Supreme Quantum Supremacy FAQ!
然后出现了一台真正的商用量子计算机，来自D-wave公司 ，但它不是大多数人所期待的，它并不是一个可以轻松地编程来完成不同的任务通用的量子计算机，相反，它是一个“量子退火炉”（ Quantum computer：直译，这个词还没有成文译法），是一个完全不同的东西，然而，这依然是第一，它现在是世界上第一台商用量子计算机，它的大小占据一个小房间，价值数百万美元，它拥有量子位元，正被美国宇航局之类的机构所使用， 然而，这并不是我们所期待的，但它还是拔得了头筹。
量子霸权只是另一个“头筹”，抢夺它显然也会有一场竞赛，虽然不情愿地授予它这个头衔，这也并不是我们真正想看到的，但 D-wave 的确是最有可能的赢家。
情况似乎就是这样，但同时也要记住，对于这一成就，评委们还没有达成一致，直到它被同行评议，或者至少在量子计算社区中被讨论，它才算真正的成就—— 这是一个仍然需要被认可的主张。
我们希望看到的是一个具有可扩展架构的机器，运行有效的量子算法，而这些算法在经典的图灵机上根本无法计算，而且可以验证的，现在的情况只是有人在竞争以拔得头筹。
更新：
斯科特 · 阿伦森( 量子计算专家) 已经在博客上发表了关于这一成就的文章，并且对此相当乐观。
请去这里阅读：斯科特的《 至高量子霸权常见问题解答》！
https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=4317
Valdis Klētnieks, BS Mathematics & Physics, Clarkson University (1984)
What will happen now that Google has achieved quantum supremacy?
Well… they haven’t really.
They showed that their quantum computer could generate a pseudo-random number using a particular method that’s indeed quite slow on standard digital computers.
However, much faster ways to generate much better pseudo-random numbers are known - and the Google system didn’t beat those.
So imagine you devised a way to sort 1000 things: You drop them all in a random pile, check if they’re sorted - and if not, repeat. This obviously takes a *very* long time. Now you find a way to use a quantum computer to speed it up so it only takes a few minutes.
But of course, sorting 1,000 things on a digital computer using better algorithms takes literally thousandths of a second. Have you really achieved supremacy?
To quote the article:
Paul Dracon
First of all, I’m not a scientist, so take my opinion with a grain of salt. I have read some books about futurism, so that’s my only qualification.
Quantum computing is a wild card. It could be everything or it could be a complete dud. Even the techno-optimist Ray Kurzweil has said that quantum computing is an unproven technology, and his predictions don’t rely on the development of this technology.
That said, this could be HUGE. Some possible applications include drug discovery, physics simulations and secure communications. Quantum computers may never replace classical computers altogether, but they could augment them in astounding ways.
We’ll just have to wait and see. I’m guessing that at least some of the promise of quantum computing will be achieved in the next decade.
首先，我不是一个科学家，所以对我的观点持保留态度，我读过一些关于未来主义的书，所以这是我唯一的资格。
量子计算是一个未知数，它可能是一切，也可能是一个完全无用的东西。
即使是技术乐观主义者雷 · 库兹韦尔也说过，量子计算是一项未经证实的技术，他的预测并不依赖于这项技术的发展。
也就是说，这可能是一个巨大的进步，一些可能的应用包括药物发现，物理模拟和安全通信等。
量子计算机可能永远不会完全取代传统计算机，但它们可以以惊人的方式增强它们。
我们只能选择拭目以待了， 我猜至少量子计算的一部分承诺会在下一个十年实现。
Jonny Anderson, Technology Director (2009-present)
What will happen is that most will shrug and a few will quiver in anticipation.
Because this is a big deal; not that the niche algorithm that was supremed by the Google machine [4 - see original paper] is actually useful, but because it adds to the growing evidence that the Technological Singularity [1] is coming.
So imagine the year is 19-diddly and scientists announce that Digital Supremacy had been achieved. Finally it was demonstrated that a digital computer could out perform a human with a tricky long-division sum.
A Turin Machine: All the Digital Supremacy you need - till the Qubits are ready.
Now granted, that doesn’t suddenly put smart phones with voice-recognising quasi-intelligent software in our hands, I mean, its only a long-division, but from the lofty vantage of retrospect I scoff at all the nay-sayers back then who shrugged, perhaps even poo-poohed, and then got back to doing their sums with a trusty slide-rule.
This slide rule is positioned to yield several values: From C scale to D scale (multiply by 2), from D scale to C scale (divide by 2). Nice.
大多数人会耸耸肩，少数人会在期待中颤抖。
因为这是一件大事，不是因为被谷歌机器[4 ]验证的“小生境算法”（ niche algorithm）有效，而是因为它增加了人们的信心，越来越多的证据表明，技术奇异点正在到来。
所以想象一下，今年是2019年，科学家宣布“数字霸权 ”已经实现， 最后证明了数字计算机可以用一个复杂的“long-division”（长除法）求和来胜过人类。
我承认，这并不意味着智能手机突然就能拥有语音识别的准智能软件，我的意思是，这只是一个“长除法”，但从崇高的角度来看，我嘲笑所有那些说“no”的反对者，他们耸耸肩，甚至可能会大吃一惊，然后回过头来用一个值得信赖的计算尺来验证一下他们的算术。
这个计算尺定位为产生几个值：从 C 到 D ( 乘以2 ) ，从 D 到C ( 除以2 )，奈斯啊。
This narrowly defined supremacy is important mainly because it signals that the quantum computing researchers weren’t kidding when, just a few months ago, they described ‘Neven’s Law’ [2][3], or the boggling effects that double exponential growth has on the processing capabilities of quantum systems over time.
Neven’s Law is a term used to refer to a rule regarding the advancement of quantum computers. The law states that quantum computers are increasing in power at a ‘doubly exponential’ rate, as stated by Neven at the Google Quantum Spring Symposium in May this year.
When I read that I thought: “Well now, if that is true then we should be seeing something like a narrow q-supremacy breakthrough in what - a few months! Yeah right … ”.
And yet, here we are - gunning towards what appears to be the inevitable Technological Singularity at a glorious, frightening, wonderfully dizzying rate.
Google’s Sycamore machine looking very much like an entangled slice of the future [4]
The good news is that, if Neven’s law holds, we won’t have too long to wait to see who is correct here - so let’s talk again in six month’s time.
Footnotes
[1] Technological singularity - Wikipedia
[2] Can Neven’s Law Take Us Closer To Quantum Supremacy?
[3] Forget Moore''s Law — Quantum Computers Are Improving According to a Spooky ''Doubly Exponential Rate''
[4] Quantum Supremacy Using a Programmable Superconducting Processor – Cached Google NASA Paper
Unless otherwise referenced, all images are sourced from wikipedia.
这种狭义的“霸权 ”之所以重要，主要是因为它表明量子计算研究人员没有开玩笑，就在几个月前，他们还描述了“ 尼文定律”（Neven’s Law），或者说双指数增长对量子系统处理能力的惊人影响。
“ 尼文定律”是一个术语，用来指关于量子计算机进步的规则，正如尼文在今年五月份的谷歌春季量子研讨会上所说的那样，量子计算机的能量以双倍指数的速度增长。
当我读到这篇文章的时候，我想: “好吧，如果这是真的，那么我们应该在几个月内看到类似狭义“量子霸权”的突破！ 哈哈哈”。
我们现在正在以一种壮丽的、令人恐惧的、令人眩晕的速度向不可避免的技术奇点前进。
谷歌的 Sycamore 机器看起来非常像一个纠缠的未来切片[4]
好消息是，如果尼文的定律成立，我们很快就能知道谁是正确的了——所以让我们在6个月后再讨论。
注：尼文定律（Neven’s Law），就是量子芯片的发展速度大致满足一种双重指数的增长速度，它是一种比指数增长更快的爆炸式发展，对比的是应经典计算机的“摩尔定律”。
[1] 技术奇点-维基百科
[2] 尼文定律能让我们更接近量子霸权吗？
[3] 忘记摩尔定律-量子计算机正在按照幽灵般的“双指数率”改进
[4] 使用可编程超导处理器的量子霸权- Google NASA 论文缓存
除非另有引用，所有图像均来自维基百科。
Wes Hansen, Constructed novel mathematics
Google has not achieved quantum supremacy and no one ever will. In order for quantum supremacy to be attained, there must be a physical manifestation of superposition, the primary source of the supposed speedup via the parallel processing it is assumed to enable, and evidence suggests that this is not possible. It doesn’t matter the logic, if the the logic cannot be physically manifested! But even so-called quantum logic has foundational isssues! Kevin Knuth, a foremost expert on the foundations of quantum theory, told me in a personal communication back in 2013 that while quantum logic may not be entirely wrong, it certainly has foundational isssues. He also told me:
“I have to say that this mess started by Von Neumann and Birkhoff drives me bonkers. They were both geniuses, and as my friend Keith Earle says, this is measured by how long they have been able to retard progress. Unfortunately, they messed up.”
The mess that he is refering to is the idea that quantum theory can be viewed as a generalization of probability theory. Just take the necessary time to work through the paper by Knuth and John Skilling, The Symmetrical Foundation of Measure, Probability, and Quantum Theories, to get an idea of exactly what he is talking about! It is very telling!
The evidence that superposition is not physically manifested comes from the Pre-stimulus response experiments that I have often lixed to. Way back in 2012, a meta-analysis of pre-stimulus response experiments was published in the Frontiers of Psychology Journal and it was contested by Sam Schwarzkopf, a neuro-scientist. That meta-analysis and a few of the experiments included are now hosted by the U. S. National Institutes of Health. The authors of the original meta-analysis replied to the critique by the neuro-scientist and a separate group upxed the meta-analysis to reflect additional experiments conducted from 2012 to 2017; they published that upxe in March of 2018 in SSRN, a prominent neurosci journal:
Intuition Part 1;
Intuition Part 2;
Meta-analysis;
Response to critique;
Roulette Paradigm;
Meta-analysis upxe.
谷歌还没有取得量子霸权，也没有人会取得。
为了获得量子优势，必须有一个“叠加”的物理表现形式---- 通过假定的并行处理来实现假定的加速，而有证据表明这是不可能的。
逻辑无关紧要，如果逻辑不能在物理上体现出来的话！ 但是即使是所谓的量子逻辑也有基础问题！ 量子理论基础的首席专家凯文 · 克努斯在2013年的一次个人交流中告诉我，虽然量子逻辑可能并非完全错误，但它肯定存在基础问题， 他告诉我：
“ 冯·诺伊曼和伯克霍夫制造的这场混乱让我抓狂，他们都是天才，正如我的朋友基思·厄尔所说，其衡量标准是他们能够延缓进展的时间，不幸的是，他们搞砸了。”
他所指的混乱是量子理论可以被看作是概率论的泛化，你只需要花些时间来读读克努特和 约翰·斯奇林的论文《测量、概率和量子理论的对称基础》，你就会明白他到底在说什么！ 非常有说服力！
“叠加”在物理上无法表现出来的证据，来自于我经常接触的“前刺激反应实验”（Pre-stimulus response experiment）。
早在2012年，《心理学前沿杂志》上就发表了一篇关于刺激前反应实验的元分析文章，神经科学家萨姆 · 施瓦茨科普夫对此提出了质疑，这个荟萃分析（meta-analysis）和其中的一些实验现在由美国国立卫生研究院研究所主持。
原始元分析的作者回复了神经科学家的批评，另一个小组更新了元分析，以反映从2012年到2017年进行的额外实验，他们在2018年3月的著名神经科学期刊《 SSRN 》上发表了这一更新：
【链接】直觉第1部分
【链接】直觉第2部分
【链接】荟萃分析
【链接】应对批评
【链接】轮盘赌模式
【链接】荟萃分析更新
And these experiments show that the human heart and brain become aware of an emotionally stimulating event 4.5 to 18 seconds prior to that event happening in spacetime! How can the human heart and brain have meaningful information regarding an event 18 seconds before the quantum state has so-called decohered, if the state is in superposition!?! From the conclusion to the Knuth/Skilling paper:
“In response to the Rovelli quote we started with, quantum mechanics may cease to look puzzling now that we have derived the formalism of the theory from a set of simple assertions about the world. Measurement involves no dubious “collapse of the wave function.” We only need ordinary probabilistic reasoning, in which our partial knowledge of an obxt is modified when it interacts with a probe, and then modulated again if we later choose to retrieve and interrogate the probe.
The formalism is straightforward. A target — equivalently an obxt in a particular target state — is represented by a number pair. This turns out to be a single complex number whose squared amplitude represents the Poisson supply rate (the Born rule) which becomes observable through interaction with probes.
As a stream of targets is sent along paths which may split and merge, the number pairs evolve through the (Feynman) sum and product rules required by the symmetries of partition and combination. The standard Hilbert‐space structure for multi‐state obxts follows, and specification from supply rates to single obxts is immediate.
We make no assumption that cannot be checked in the lab. We recommend that as a good strategic principle, because assumptions that cannot be checked are thereby severed from practical impact, in which case they become a peculiar and questionable part of scientific inquiry.
If such assumption is truly needed, then it has practical impact after all because its denial would alter experimental results, which is self‐contradictory. If it is not needed, then requiring it would be regrettable. Specifically, we make no assumption involving infinity or the infinitesimal. Any general theory must apply to special cases, including simple ones, and it happens that simple examples are sufficient to eliminate all but the one calculus.”
Interference is NOT evidence for superposition but is continuously flouted as such.
Wes Hansen''s answer to At the risk of adding more metaphysical nonsense to the Internet, could that frequent circumstance when a person texts you just at the moment you are thinking about them be caused by quantum particles entangled in your brains?
这些实验表明，人类的心脏和大脑在时空发事件发生之前4.5到18秒才会有意识情感刺激！
如果量子态是叠加的，那么人类的心脏和大脑怎么可能在量子态被所谓的解码之前18秒获得关于事件的有意义的信息！？！克努特和 约翰·斯奇林论文的总结：
以下是对我们一开始引用的罗维林的话的回应，既然我们已经从一系列关于世界的简单论断中推导出了量子力学的形式体系，那么量子力学可能不再看起来令人费解了，测量涉及不容置疑的“波函数崩塌”，我们只需要普通的概率推理，在这种推理中，当对象与探针交互时，我们对对象的部分知识会被修改，然后如果我们稍后选择检索和询问探针，则会再次进行调制。
其形式主义是直截了当的，目标( 相当于处于特定目标状态的对象) 由一对数字表示，事实证明，这是一个单一的复数，其平方振幅表示“Poisson supply rate”( 博恩规则 )，通过与探针的相互作用可以观察到。
当沿着可能分裂和合并的路径发送目标流时，由分割和组合的对称性所要求的乘积规则演化，随后是多状态对象的标准希尔伯特空间结构，并且从供给率到单个对象的规范是即时的。。。。
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后面太南，有点方，翻错会误导人，还是不翻了。。。
Leon Sprenger, Computer specialist at Self-Employment (2004-present)
In the land of the blind a one eyed man is king.
Supremacy is a relative term. Google may be supreme relatively speaking but the absolute capabilities of what Google can actually do with this supremacy besides generating heat is nothing.
Actions speak louder than words. Their words mean nothing unless they show reproducible results.
I predict that the only thing that will happen as a result of this announcement is a lot of debate like this one here on Quora for example.
upxe:
I got a valid comment saying that quantum supremacy is a well-defined term and that means that a quantum computer has performed a task that is not possible to do with a classical computer in the time that the quantum computer did it.
This means that there was more to it than I said in my initial answer. Supremacy is not only relative but Google claims also to have done something that is not possible to do with a classical computer.
Judging on the reactions of others in the field this claim of Google is disputed so it may still turn out to be the case that they have only been creating heat like I said in my initial answer. But only time will tell.
So far my initial prediction is still valid though: This announcement created is a lot of debate.
P Vijaya Kumar
Well matured Quantum computer is far more superior than current super computer. If some advancement in supercomputer happens, does it affect our life? No, isn’t? In the same way, google quantum supremacy is a step towards the realization of quantum computers, currently it doesn’t have any effect on our daily lives.
成熟的量子计算机远远优于目前的超级计算机。
如果超级计算机出现了一些进步，它会影响我们的生活吗？肯定会，不是吗？
同样，谷歌的量子霸权是迈向量子计算机实现的一步，只是目前它对我们的日常生活没有任何影响。
Pauline Schiappa, former Author
The meaning of "achieving quantum supremacy" simply means that Google now owns a "Quantum Physics" capable computer being the first to have acquired a Quantum Physics computer. How does this impact Google (or you)? Who knows! Depends upon how Google implants usage of the abilities of a Quantum Physics computer!
“实现量子霸权”，简单地说，就是谷歌现在拥有一台具有“量子物理”能力的计算机，这是第一台获得量子物理计算机的计算机，这对谷歌( 或你) 有何影响？谁知道呢！这取决于谷歌移植、利用量子物理计算机的能力！
Jeff Berkowitz, B.S. Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara (1982)
Nothing special will happen. We’re still a long, long way from quantum computers having any practical impact on anything.
不会有什么特别的事情发生。
我们距离量子计算机对事物产生实际影响还有很长很长的一段路要走。
Frank Do
I just suggested to other members of our group that we should spend more time for R&D on quantum physic matters, including quantum computing but we all agree that we must define the obxtives prior anything. That is what applications would quantum computing be more practical. Only Google knows what would be the next step.
我向我们小组的其他成员建议，我们应该在量子物理问题上花更多的时间进行研发，包括量子计算，但我们都同意，我们必须首先确定目标，那就是量子计算更实用的应用，只有谷歌知道下一步该怎么做。
Ricardo Hodara, former Cognitive Scientist
They will rob all your accounts and decrypt all your non quantum personal secrets!!!!!!!!! Haha haha hahaha (evil laught!!)
LoL
Seriously, probably they will sell more and new web services and dedicated quantum cloud services to many different types of researchers and industry.
Regards from Brazil. Sorry for the fast answer.
他们会抢劫你所有的账户并解密你所有的非量子个人秘密！哈哈哈( 邪恶的小曲唱起来！！)
LOL。
说真的，他们可能会向许多不同类型的研究人员和行业出售更多新的网络服务和专用的量子云服务。
来自巴西的问候。
抱歉，回答得这么快。
Gheorghe Matei, I''m a retired electrical engineer.
To be very exact: In Google ‘quantum supremacy’ 3 * 5 = 15 in only 49% of cases! Try to understand this simple fact.
In fact, quantum theory is a hype of the physics, and quantum computing is not about computing! All is a chaos with ghosts. Read with attention "The Universe doesn''t know mathematics!" math and physics! And without books. Without wiki. Learn, study, think, do! This is a unique chance to understand the real world!
确切地说：在谷歌的“量子霸权”中，3 * 5=15 只有49% 的可能！ 试着理解这个简单的事实。
事实上，量子理论是物理学的炒作，而量子计算无关计算！ 所有的一切都是鬼扯。
看清楚——“宇-宙-不-懂-数-学！ ” 没有数学，没有物理！ 也没有书， 没有维基。
学习，学习，思考，行动！ 这是一个了解真实世界的唯一途径！
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：君子冲盈 转载请注明出处
既然谷歌已经取得了量子霸权，那么接下来会发生什么？
Lalit Patel, Learning to Learn
Google’s Sycamore quantum computer has achieved ‘quantum supremacy’ says: ‘Google says that it has managed to achieve “quantum supremacy, ” a major milestone when it comes to the development of quantum computers. Google The company posted the achievement in a paper posted on NASA’s website which was later removed, according to the Financial Times. The paper was entitled “Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor,” and detailed what Google says is the first computation that can only be performed on a quantum processor.
Rivals rubbish Google’s claim of quantum supremacy says: ‘But not everyone is ready to call this a turning point for computer science. Google’s claim is “indefensible — it’s just plain wrong”, said Dario Gil, head of research at IBM, one of the competitors in the race to achieve quantum computing. While crediting some of the internet company’s technical advances, he dismisses the claim that this is a seminal moment for computing as “grandiosity”. The research is just “a laboratory experiment designed to essentially — and almost certainly exclusively — implement one very specific quantum sampling procedure with no practical applications,” he said.’
Based on this, Google’ hurried claim of having achieved “quantum supremacy” is not yet widely acceptable.
For the sake of answering this question, let us assume that Google or some other company has now achieved “quantum supremacy”, in the sense that we now have a quantum computer that can do certain tasks that are almost impossible on a classical computer.
【链接：谷歌的 Sycamore 量子计算机实现“量子霸权”】一文称谷歌它已经设法实现了“量子霸权”，这是量子计算机发展的一个重要里程碑。
据英国“金融时报”报道，谷歌公司在NASA网站上发布的一篇论文中公布了这一成就，该论文后来被删除。
这篇论文题为《 使用可编程超导处理器的量子霸权》，并详细介绍了谷歌所说的第一次在量子处理器上执行的计算。
竞争对手对谷歌宣称实现“量子霸权”表示不满：“但并不是所以人都认为这是计算机科学的转折点，”IBM的研究主管达里奥·吉尔表示，谷歌的说法“站不住脚--完全是错误的”。
IBM是实现量子计算竞赛的竞争对手之一。
在称赞这家互联网公司的一些技术进步的同时，他驳斥了有关这是计算领域一个开创性时刻的说法，称其为“浮夸”。他说，这项研究只是“一个实验室实验，本质上是--几乎可以肯定--一种非常具体的量子取样程序，而没有实际应用。”
基于这一点，谷歌匆忙宣称已经实现了“量子霸权”的说法尚未被广泛接受。
但为了回答这个问题，让我们假设谷歌或其他一些公司现在已经实现了“量子霸权”，也就是说我们现在有一台量子计算机可以完成某些在经典计算机上几乎不可能完成的任务。
Mark John Fernee, 20+ years as a physicist
This is not an informed opinion, but just an opinion. Ideally, it''d be best to hear from someone working in the field of quantum computing.
Firstly, I don''t want to downplay the field of quantum computation. What is remarkable today, is that it has emerged from an academic curiosity to an endeavour that covers academia from computer science, through physics to engineering. It is being heavily invested in by corporations, which means that they have bought in to the hype. This has become a hugely important future tech field that is voraciously hiring talent all around the world. There is now some serious momentum and a lot of great science behind the development of this technology.
Now, let''s be a realist and check how the field has progressed in the last 20 or so years. It has been a field of milestones. First there were the theoretical milestones, and a big one was the establishment of viable error correction. Then the physical systems started appearing. There were viable qubits, then single quibit gates and then two quibit gates and finally, the simple demonstration of quantum algorithms. This all took a long time and seemed painfully slow, yet the promise of quantum computing had hit the popular science press by this time and there was a growing awareness.
注：只是一个观点，不是很有根据性，理想情况下，最好听从量子计算领域工作的人的意见。
首先，我不想低估量子计算领域。
值得注意的是，今天，它已经从一种学术上的好奇心发展成为一种努力，涵盖了从计算机科学到物理学再到工程学的各个领域。
企业正在大举投资，这意味着它们已经接受了这种炒作。
量子计算已经成为一个非常重要的未来技术领域，正在全世界范围内大量招聘人才。
这项技术的发展背后，现在有一些重大的动力和许多伟大的科学。
现在，让我们战在一个现实主义者的角度，看看这个领域在过去20年左右的时间里是如何发展的。
这是一个里程碑式的领域。
首先是理论上的里程碑，其中一个重要的里程碑是建立可行的错误纠正，然后物理系统开始出现，有可行的量子位，然后是单个quibit门，再然后是双quibit门，最后是量子算法的简单演示。
这一切花费了很长时间，看起来非常缓慢，然而量子计算的前景在已经冲击了这个时代的大众科普出版界，人们对量子计算的意识也在不断增长。
Then along came a real commercial quantum computer by D-wave.it wasn''t what most people had been expecting. It wasn''t a universal quantum computer that could easily be programmed to do different tasks. Instead it was a quantum annealer. Something quite different. Yet, it was the first past the post. It now holds the mantle of being the world''s first commercial quantum computer. It fills a small room and costs millions. It has qubits and is being used by the likes of NASA. Yet it wasn''t what we were expecting, but it snatched the prize anyway.
Quantum supremacy is just another prize. Of course there''ll be a competition to snatch it. But it is most likely that the winner will be like D-wave. Begrudgingly bestowed the title, but not something that we''d really want to see.
That seems to be the case here. Also bear in mind that the jury is still out on this achievement. Until it has been peer reviewed, or at least discussed among the quantum computing community, it is not really even an achievement. It''s a claim that still needs to be ratified.
What we''d like to see is a machine with a scalable architecture running useful quantum algorithms that are simply not computable on a classical Turing machine, in a manner that is verifiable. That would be the equivalent of graduating from high school. Right now it''s just someone vying for an achievement award.
upxe: Scott Aaronson (an expert on quantum computing) has now blogged about this achievement and is quite upbeat about it. Go and read about it here: Scott’s Supreme Quantum Supremacy FAQ!
然后出现了一台真正的商用量子计算机，来自D-wave公司 ，但它不是大多数人所期待的，它并不是一个可以轻松地编程来完成不同的任务通用的量子计算机，相反，它是一个“量子退火炉”（ Quantum computer：直译，这个词还没有成文译法），是一个完全不同的东西，然而，这依然是第一，它现在是世界上第一台商用量子计算机，它的大小占据一个小房间，价值数百万美元，它拥有量子位元，正被美国宇航局之类的机构所使用， 然而，这并不是我们所期待的，但它还是拔得了头筹。
量子霸权只是另一个“头筹”，抢夺它显然也会有一场竞赛，虽然不情愿地授予它这个头衔，这也并不是我们真正想看到的，但 D-wave 的确是最有可能的赢家。
情况似乎就是这样，但同时也要记住，对于这一成就，评委们还没有达成一致，直到它被同行评议，或者至少在量子计算社区中被讨论，它才算真正的成就—— 这是一个仍然需要被认可的主张。
我们希望看到的是一个具有可扩展架构的机器，运行有效的量子算法，而这些算法在经典的图灵机上根本无法计算，而且可以验证的，现在的情况只是有人在竞争以拔得头筹。
更新：
斯科特 · 阿伦森( 量子计算专家) 已经在博客上发表了关于这一成就的文章，并且对此相当乐观。
请去这里阅读：斯科特的《 至高量子霸权常见问题解答》！
https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=4317
Valdis Klētnieks, BS Mathematics & Physics, Clarkson University (1984)
What will happen now that Google has achieved quantum supremacy?
Well… they haven’t really.
They showed that their quantum computer could generate a pseudo-random number using a particular method that’s indeed quite slow on standard digital computers.
However, much faster ways to generate much better pseudo-random numbers are known - and the Google system didn’t beat those.
So imagine you devised a way to sort 1000 things: You drop them all in a random pile, check if they’re sorted - and if not, repeat. This obviously takes a *very* long time. Now you find a way to use a quantum computer to speed it up so it only takes a few minutes.
But of course, sorting 1,000 things on a digital computer using better algorithms takes literally thousandths of a second. Have you really achieved supremacy?
To quote the article:
Paul Dracon
First of all, I’m not a scientist, so take my opinion with a grain of salt. I have read some books about futurism, so that’s my only qualification.
Quantum computing is a wild card. It could be everything or it could be a complete dud. Even the techno-optimist Ray Kurzweil has said that quantum computing is an unproven technology, and his predictions don’t rely on the development of this technology.
That said, this could be HUGE. Some possible applications include drug discovery, physics simulations and secure communications. Quantum computers may never replace classical computers altogether, but they could augment them in astounding ways.
We’ll just have to wait and see. I’m guessing that at least some of the promise of quantum computing will be achieved in the next decade.
首先，我不是一个科学家，所以对我的观点持保留态度，我读过一些关于未来主义的书，所以这是我唯一的资格。
量子计算是一个未知数，它可能是一切，也可能是一个完全无用的东西。
即使是技术乐观主义者雷 · 库兹韦尔也说过，量子计算是一项未经证实的技术，他的预测并不依赖于这项技术的发展。
也就是说，这可能是一个巨大的进步，一些可能的应用包括药物发现，物理模拟和安全通信等。
量子计算机可能永远不会完全取代传统计算机，但它们可以以惊人的方式增强它们。
我们只能选择拭目以待了， 我猜至少量子计算的一部分承诺会在下一个十年实现。
Jonny Anderson, Technology Director (2009-present)
What will happen is that most will shrug and a few will quiver in anticipation.
Because this is a big deal; not that the niche algorithm that was supremed by the Google machine [4 - see original paper] is actually useful, but because it adds to the growing evidence that the Technological Singularity [1] is coming.
So imagine the year is 19-diddly and scientists announce that Digital Supremacy had been achieved. Finally it was demonstrated that a digital computer could out perform a human with a tricky long-division sum.
A Turin Machine: All the Digital Supremacy you need - till the Qubits are ready.
Now granted, that doesn’t suddenly put smart phones with voice-recognising quasi-intelligent software in our hands, I mean, its only a long-division, but from the lofty vantage of retrospect I scoff at all the nay-sayers back then who shrugged, perhaps even poo-poohed, and then got back to doing their sums with a trusty slide-rule.
This slide rule is positioned to yield several values: From C scale to D scale (multiply by 2), from D scale to C scale (divide by 2). Nice.
大多数人会耸耸肩，少数人会在期待中颤抖。
因为这是一件大事，不是因为被谷歌机器[4 ]验证的“小生境算法”（ niche algorithm）有效，而是因为它增加了人们的信心，越来越多的证据表明，技术奇异点正在到来。
所以想象一下，今年是2019年，科学家宣布“数字霸权 ”已经实现， 最后证明了数字计算机可以用一个复杂的“long-division”（长除法）求和来胜过人类。
我承认，这并不意味着智能手机突然就能拥有语音识别的准智能软件，我的意思是，这只是一个“长除法”，但从崇高的角度来看，我嘲笑所有那些说“no”的反对者，他们耸耸肩，甚至可能会大吃一惊，然后回过头来用一个值得信赖的计算尺来验证一下他们的算术。
这个计算尺定位为产生几个值：从 C 到 D ( 乘以2 ) ，从 D 到C ( 除以2 )，奈斯啊。
This narrowly defined supremacy is important mainly because it signals that the quantum computing researchers weren’t kidding when, just a few months ago, they described ‘Neven’s Law’ [2][3], or the boggling effects that double exponential growth has on the processing capabilities of quantum systems over time.
Neven’s Law is a term used to refer to a rule regarding the advancement of quantum computers. The law states that quantum computers are increasing in power at a ‘doubly exponential’ rate, as stated by Neven at the Google Quantum Spring Symposium in May this year.
When I read that I thought: “Well now, if that is true then we should be seeing something like a narrow q-supremacy breakthrough in what - a few months! Yeah right … ”.
And yet, here we are - gunning towards what appears to be the inevitable Technological Singularity at a glorious, frightening, wonderfully dizzying rate.
Google’s Sycamore machine looking very much like an entangled slice of the future [4]
The good news is that, if Neven’s law holds, we won’t have too long to wait to see who is correct here - so let’s talk again in six month’s time.
Footnotes
[1] Technological singularity - Wikipedia
[2] Can Neven’s Law Take Us Closer To Quantum Supremacy?
[3] Forget Moore''s Law — Quantum Computers Are Improving According to a Spooky ''Doubly Exponential Rate''
[4] Quantum Supremacy Using a Programmable Superconducting Processor – Cached Google NASA Paper
Unless otherwise referenced, all images are sourced from wikipedia.
这种狭义的“霸权 ”之所以重要，主要是因为它表明量子计算研究人员没有开玩笑，就在几个月前，他们还描述了“ 尼文定律”（Neven’s Law），或者说双指数增长对量子系统处理能力的惊人影响。
“ 尼文定律”是一个术语，用来指关于量子计算机进步的规则，正如尼文在今年五月份的谷歌春季量子研讨会上所说的那样，量子计算机的能量以双倍指数的速度增长。
当我读到这篇文章的时候，我想: “好吧，如果这是真的，那么我们应该在几个月内看到类似狭义“量子霸权”的突破！ 哈哈哈”。
我们现在正在以一种壮丽的、令人恐惧的、令人眩晕的速度向不可避免的技术奇点前进。
谷歌的 Sycamore 机器看起来非常像一个纠缠的未来切片[4]
好消息是，如果尼文的定律成立，我们很快就能知道谁是正确的了——所以让我们在6个月后再讨论。
注：尼文定律（Neven’s Law），就是量子芯片的发展速度大致满足一种双重指数的增长速度，它是一种比指数增长更快的爆炸式发展，对比的是应经典计算机的“摩尔定律”。
[1] 技术奇点-维基百科
[2] 尼文定律能让我们更接近量子霸权吗？
[3] 忘记摩尔定律-量子计算机正在按照幽灵般的“双指数率”改进
[4] 使用可编程超导处理器的量子霸权- Google NASA 论文缓存
除非另有引用，所有图像均来自维基百科。
Wes Hansen, Constructed novel mathematics
Google has not achieved quantum supremacy and no one ever will. In order for quantum supremacy to be attained, there must be a physical manifestation of superposition, the primary source of the supposed speedup via the parallel processing it is assumed to enable, and evidence suggests that this is not possible. It doesn’t matter the logic, if the the logic cannot be physically manifested! But even so-called quantum logic has foundational isssues! Kevin Knuth, a foremost expert on the foundations of quantum theory, told me in a personal communication back in 2013 that while quantum logic may not be entirely wrong, it certainly has foundational isssues. He also told me:
“I have to say that this mess started by Von Neumann and Birkhoff drives me bonkers. They were both geniuses, and as my friend Keith Earle says, this is measured by how long they have been able to retard progress. Unfortunately, they messed up.”
The mess that he is refering to is the idea that quantum theory can be viewed as a generalization of probability theory. Just take the necessary time to work through the paper by Knuth and John Skilling, The Symmetrical Foundation of Measure, Probability, and Quantum Theories, to get an idea of exactly what he is talking about! It is very telling!
The evidence that superposition is not physically manifested comes from the Pre-stimulus response experiments that I have often lixed to. Way back in 2012, a meta-analysis of pre-stimulus response experiments was published in the Frontiers of Psychology Journal and it was contested by Sam Schwarzkopf, a neuro-scientist. That meta-analysis and a few of the experiments included are now hosted by the U. S. National Institutes of Health. The authors of the original meta-analysis replied to the critique by the neuro-scientist and a separate group upxed the meta-analysis to reflect additional experiments conducted from 2012 to 2017; they published that upxe in March of 2018 in SSRN, a prominent neurosci journal:
Intuition Part 1;
Intuition Part 2;
Meta-analysis;
Response to critique;
Roulette Paradigm;
Meta-analysis upxe.
谷歌还没有取得量子霸权，也没有人会取得。
为了获得量子优势，必须有一个“叠加”的物理表现形式---- 通过假定的并行处理来实现假定的加速，而有证据表明这是不可能的。
逻辑无关紧要，如果逻辑不能在物理上体现出来的话！ 但是即使是所谓的量子逻辑也有基础问题！ 量子理论基础的首席专家凯文 · 克努斯在2013年的一次个人交流中告诉我，虽然量子逻辑可能并非完全错误，但它肯定存在基础问题， 他告诉我：
“ 冯·诺伊曼和伯克霍夫制造的这场混乱让我抓狂，他们都是天才，正如我的朋友基思·厄尔所说，其衡量标准是他们能够延缓进展的时间，不幸的是，他们搞砸了。”
他所指的混乱是量子理论可以被看作是概率论的泛化，你只需要花些时间来读读克努特和 约翰·斯奇林的论文《测量、概率和量子理论的对称基础》，你就会明白他到底在说什么！ 非常有说服力！
“叠加”在物理上无法表现出来的证据，来自于我经常接触的“前刺激反应实验”（Pre-stimulus response experiment）。
早在2012年，《心理学前沿杂志》上就发表了一篇关于刺激前反应实验的元分析文章，神经科学家萨姆 · 施瓦茨科普夫对此提出了质疑，这个荟萃分析（meta-analysis）和其中的一些实验现在由美国国立卫生研究院研究所主持。
原始元分析的作者回复了神经科学家的批评，另一个小组更新了元分析，以反映从2012年到2017年进行的额外实验，他们在2018年3月的著名神经科学期刊《 SSRN 》上发表了这一更新：
【链接】直觉第1部分
【链接】直觉第2部分
【链接】荟萃分析
【链接】应对批评
【链接】轮盘赌模式
【链接】荟萃分析更新
And these experiments show that the human heart and brain become aware of an emotionally stimulating event 4.5 to 18 seconds prior to that event happening in spacetime! How can the human heart and brain have meaningful information regarding an event 18 seconds before the quantum state has so-called decohered, if the state is in superposition!?! From the conclusion to the Knuth/Skilling paper:
“In response to the Rovelli quote we started with, quantum mechanics may cease to look puzzling now that we have derived the formalism of the theory from a set of simple assertions about the world. Measurement involves no dubious “collapse of the wave function.” We only need ordinary probabilistic reasoning, in which our partial knowledge of an obxt is modified when it interacts with a probe, and then modulated again if we later choose to retrieve and interrogate the probe.
The formalism is straightforward. A target — equivalently an obxt in a particular target state — is represented by a number pair. This turns out to be a single complex number whose squared amplitude represents the Poisson supply rate (the Born rule) which becomes observable through interaction with probes.
As a stream of targets is sent along paths which may split and merge, the number pairs evolve through the (Feynman) sum and product rules required by the symmetries of partition and combination. The standard Hilbert‐space structure for multi‐state obxts follows, and specification from supply rates to single obxts is immediate.
We make no assumption that cannot be checked in the lab. We recommend that as a good strategic principle, because assumptions that cannot be checked are thereby severed from practical impact, in which case they become a peculiar and questionable part of scientific inquiry.
If such assumption is truly needed, then it has practical impact after all because its denial would alter experimental results, which is self‐contradictory. If it is not needed, then requiring it would be regrettable. Specifically, we make no assumption involving infinity or the infinitesimal. Any general theory must apply to special cases, including simple ones, and it happens that simple examples are sufficient to eliminate all but the one calculus.”
Interference is NOT evidence for superposition but is continuously flouted as such.
Wes Hansen''s answer to At the risk of adding more metaphysical nonsense to the Internet, could that frequent circumstance when a person texts you just at the moment you are thinking about them be caused by quantum particles entangled in your brains?
这些实验表明，人类的心脏和大脑在时空发事件发生之前4.5到18秒才会有意识情感刺激！
如果量子态是叠加的，那么人类的心脏和大脑怎么可能在量子态被所谓的解码之前18秒获得关于事件的有意义的信息！？！克努特和 约翰·斯奇林论文的总结：
以下是对我们一开始引用的罗维林的话的回应，既然我们已经从一系列关于世界的简单论断中推导出了量子力学的形式体系，那么量子力学可能不再看起来令人费解了，测量涉及不容置疑的“波函数崩塌”，我们只需要普通的概率推理，在这种推理中，当对象与探针交互时，我们对对象的部分知识会被修改，然后如果我们稍后选择检索和询问探针，则会再次进行调制。
其形式主义是直截了当的，目标( 相当于处于特定目标状态的对象) 由一对数字表示，事实证明，这是一个单一的复数，其平方振幅表示“Poisson supply rate”( 博恩规则 )，通过与探针的相互作用可以观察到。
当沿着可能分裂和合并的路径发送目标流时，由分割和组合的对称性所要求的乘积规则演化，随后是多状态对象的标准希尔伯特空间结构，并且从供给率到单个对象的规范是即时的。。。。
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后面太南，有点方，翻错会误导人，还是不翻了。。。
Leon Sprenger, Computer specialist at Self-Employment (2004-present)
In the land of the blind a one eyed man is king.
Supremacy is a relative term. Google may be supreme relatively speaking but the absolute capabilities of what Google can actually do with this supremacy besides generating heat is nothing.
Actions speak louder than words. Their words mean nothing unless they show reproducible results.
I predict that the only thing that will happen as a result of this announcement is a lot of debate like this one here on Quora for example.
upxe:
I got a valid comment saying that quantum supremacy is a well-defined term and that means that a quantum computer has performed a task that is not possible to do with a classical computer in the time that the quantum computer did it.
This means that there was more to it than I said in my initial answer. Supremacy is not only relative but Google claims also to have done something that is not possible to do with a classical computer.
Judging on the reactions of others in the field this claim of Google is disputed so it may still turn out to be the case that they have only been creating heat like I said in my initial answer. But only time will tell.
So far my initial prediction is still valid though: This announcement created is a lot of debate.
P Vijaya Kumar
Well matured Quantum computer is far more superior than current super computer. If some advancement in supercomputer happens, does it affect our life? No, isn’t? In the same way, google quantum supremacy is a step towards the realization of quantum computers, currently it doesn’t have any effect on our daily lives.
成熟的量子计算机远远优于目前的超级计算机。
如果超级计算机出现了一些进步，它会影响我们的生活吗？肯定会，不是吗？
同样，谷歌的量子霸权是迈向量子计算机实现的一步，只是目前它对我们的日常生活没有任何影响。
Pauline Schiappa, former Author
The meaning of "achieving quantum supremacy" simply means that Google now owns a "Quantum Physics" capable computer being the first to have acquired a Quantum Physics computer. How does this impact Google (or you)? Who knows! Depends upon how Google implants usage of the abilities of a Quantum Physics computer!
“实现量子霸权”，简单地说，就是谷歌现在拥有一台具有“量子物理”能力的计算机，这是第一台获得量子物理计算机的计算机，这对谷歌( 或你) 有何影响？谁知道呢！这取决于谷歌移植、利用量子物理计算机的能力！
Jeff Berkowitz, B.S. Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara (1982)
Nothing special will happen. We’re still a long, long way from quantum computers having any practical impact on anything.
不会有什么特别的事情发生。
我们距离量子计算机对事物产生实际影响还有很长很长的一段路要走。
Frank Do
I just suggested to other members of our group that we should spend more time for R&D on quantum physic matters, including quantum computing but we all agree that we must define the obxtives prior anything. That is what applications would quantum computing be more practical. Only Google knows what would be the next step.
我向我们小组的其他成员建议，我们应该在量子物理问题上花更多的时间进行研发，包括量子计算，但我们都同意，我们必须首先确定目标，那就是量子计算更实用的应用，只有谷歌知道下一步该怎么做。
Ricardo Hodara, former Cognitive Scientist
They will rob all your accounts and decrypt all your non quantum personal secrets!!!!!!!!! Haha haha hahaha (evil laught!!)
LoL
Seriously, probably they will sell more and new web services and dedicated quantum cloud services to many different types of researchers and industry.
Regards from Brazil. Sorry for the fast answer.
他们会抢劫你所有的账户并解密你所有的非量子个人秘密！哈哈哈( 邪恶的小曲唱起来！！)
LOL。
说真的，他们可能会向许多不同类型的研究人员和行业出售更多新的网络服务和专用的量子云服务。
来自巴西的问候。
抱歉，回答得这么快。
Gheorghe Matei, I''m a retired electrical engineer.
To be very exact: In Google ‘quantum supremacy’ 3 * 5 = 15 in only 49% of cases! Try to understand this simple fact.
In fact, quantum theory is a hype of the physics, and quantum computing is not about computing! All is a chaos with ghosts. Read with attention "The Universe doesn''t know mathematics!" math and physics! And without books. Without wiki. Learn, study, think, do! This is a unique chance to understand the real world!
确切地说：在谷歌的“量子霸权”中，3 * 5=15 只有49% 的可能！ 试着理解这个简单的事实。
事实上，量子理论是物理学的炒作，而量子计算无关计算！ 所有的一切都是鬼扯。
看清楚——“宇-宙-不-懂-数-学！ ” 没有数学，没有物理！ 也没有书， 没有维基。
学习，学习，思考，行动！ 这是一个了解真实世界的唯一途径！
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