美国黑人能对白人有种族歧视吗?

Patricia Koenig, former Graphic Designer, Writer, Photographer
Absolutely, they can — and sometimes they ARE.

当然，他们可以，有时确实是这样。

I was a white gal with my two white teenage daughters shopping in a J.C. Penney store, in a mall in Culver City, California, which had become a popular "black" shopping mall very recently. In this particular store the Manager as well as most of the sales clerks were young black women.

我是一个白人女性，有天和我的两个十几岁的白人女儿在加州卡尔弗市的一个购物中心的J.C.Penney商店购物，那里最近成了一个很受欢迎的“黑人”购物中心。这家商店的经理和大多数售货员都是年轻的黑人妇女。

They were having a big sale in the lingerie department, and bras and panties and slips and the rest were scattered on the floor and all mixed up on their usual racks.

她们的内衣部门在搞大促销，内衣、内裤、衬裙和其他东西都散落在地板上，都混在她们平常放置的衣架上。

After about an hour of shopping, my two teen girls and I had finally found about $250-worth of lingerie to purchase. After waiting in a line of about six black and one white ladies, the clerk rang up the black women''s sales with cheerful helpfulness. When she came to the white woman — who had stood in line for about half an hour carrying a heavy load of items (who was buying multiples of underwear and socks and other items as a donation to a charity) — the clerk abruptly told her she would "have to go to the other register" far across that floor. Then she cheerfully rang up the purchases of the next three black women.

经过大约一个小时的购物，我和两个十几岁的女孩终于找到了价值250美元的内衣。结账时我排在了大约六位黑人和一位白人女士的队伍后面，店员兴高采烈地帮忙给黑人妇女结账。当轮到那个白人妇女时，她已经排了大约半个小时的队，手里拿着一大堆东西（她买了好几件内衣、袜子和其他物品，作为对慈善机构的捐赠），店员突然告诉她，她要“去另一个收银台”，就在那一层楼的另一个收银台。然后她兴高采烈地给接下来三个黑人妇女结账。

When I got to her, finally, she pretended to ring up my hard-found items and then told me "You will have to go upstairs to Credit. Your credit card is not going through." I left our bag with her and trundled upstairs, where I was finally told my card with zero balance was perfectly fine. Going back downstairs, she told me "Well, anyway, you will need to write a check!" So, disgusted by now, I wrote the darned check. She put it in a locked drawer, smiled at me, and then said "I don''t know WHERE your items are! I put the bag right here! Someone must have moved them! Maybe they put them back on the shelves?!" Really.

最后，当轮到我时，她假装用收款机给我那些好不容易找到的物品结算，然后告诉我:“你得上楼去赊账。你的信用卡不能用了。”于是我把包留在她那里，上了楼，终于有人告诉我，信用卡完全没问题。回到楼下，她告诉我:“好吧，不管怎样，你需要写一张支票!”所以，我现在感到很厌恶，就开了那张该死的支票。她把它放在锁着的抽屉里，对我笑了笑，然后说:“我不知道你的东西在哪里! 我把包放在这里! 一定是有人动了它们! 也许他们会把它们放回架子上?”这是一件真实的事。

I yelled out across the whole floor "I NEED A MANAGER! HERE! NOW!"

我对着整层楼大喊：“我需要一个经理！在这里！马上！”

A gorgeous, beautifully dressed 30-something black woman came to me immediately and said "I''m the Manager. How may I help you?"

一个30多岁的漂亮的黑人女人立刻来找我说：“我是经理。我能为您效劳吗？”

I explained the whole "help the blacks" and "yank around the whites" situation and you could tell this woman was APPALLED. She quickly had the racist clerk suddenly "find" our missing bag, finished the sale, and apologized to the three of us all the way out of the store.

我复述了整个“帮助黑人”和“开涮白人”的情况，你可以看出这个女人当时多么震惊。她迅速地让种族歧视的店员突然“找到”我们丢失的包，并快速完成了交易，然后在离开商店的路上一直向我们三个人道歉。

I suppose the young black gal clerk thought she was helping "her race" by keeping whites out of "their store" but things like this are beyond awful.

我猜想那个年轻的黑人女店员认为她把白人拒之门外是在帮助“她的种族”，但这样的事情实在太可怕了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

As a teen who had moved from New York state to Atlanta in the 1950s, I had been shocked and appalled to see the "Colored Only" signs, and that blacks couldn''t eat in "white" restaurants, use "white" drinking fountains, couldn''t use the "white" bathrooms. Especially galling to me was that blacks had to sit in the back of the buses, behind lines painted there. I could not count the times my friends and I got thrown off the City buses for sitting in the BACK.

作为一个20世纪50年代从纽约州搬到亚特兰大的十几岁的孩子，我看到那些“只允许有色人种入内”的标志感到震惊，黑人不能在“白人”餐馆吃饭，不能使用“白人”饮水机，不能使用“白人”卫生间。尤其令我恼火的是，黑人不得不坐在公共汽车的后排，坐在画着线条的后面。我都记不清我和我的朋友因为坐在后面而被赶出城市公共汽车的次数。

When segregation was slowly ending and the lines inside the buses were removed, The Atlanta Journal and Constitution had a 3-inch headline that said "BUS LINES REMOVED!" My Dad came home and excitedly asked our Amazing black housekeeper "Do you know what this MEANS, Maudie!?" She said "No sir." He said "It means my daughter can FINALLY sit in the BACK of the BUS!!"

当种族隔离慢慢结束，巴士内部的线路被拆除时，《亚特兰大日报》和《宪法》刊文一篇3英寸大字标题的文章，标题是“巴士线路被拆除！”我爸爸回到家里，兴奋地问我们的黑人管家 “你知道这意味着什么吗，莫迪！”她说“不意味着什么，先生。”他说“这仅仅意味着我女儿终于可以坐在公共汽车后面了！”

The dumb racist clerk saw me as white.

那个愚蠢的种族主义职员只是看我是白人。

She didn''t know me as "on her side" always…

她却不知道我总是“站在她这边的”……

Robert Burton, Adjunct Professor at EF English First
As I write this, 82 people have already added in their two cents to the subject, but I will attempt to confront this one. I’m not doing this because my answer will be so much better, but because I might be able to add something to the discussion to round out all of what has already been said.

在我写这篇这个评论的时候，已经有82人就这个问题发表了自己的看法，但我尝试着回答这个问题。我这样做不是因为我的答案会好得多，而是因为我也许可以在讨论中添加一些东西来完善所有已经说过的内容。

To start, as it has already been stated-Racism is a system of belief that says that one group of people is inferior to another group of people, inherently.

首先，正如已经指出的那样，种族主义是一种信仰体系，它认为一个群体的天生就比另一个群体差。

While the world has always had issues of colorism, particularly in Asia, the racism that we see in the world today, particularly in America and Europe, is a lot different. Racism as we know it today started in Europe around the 1700s as a means of classifying Europeans (e.g. Germans and Nordics superior to Mediterraneans). Then, with the spread of Slavery and colonialism it was then used to prove that Africans and other Indigenous persons were inferior to Europeans and that their oppression and enslavement were therefore beneficial and thus morally ok.

虽然世界上一直存在着肤色歧视的问题，尤其是在亚洲，但我们今天在世界上看到的种族主义，特别是在美国和欧洲看到的种族主义是大不相同的。我们今天所知道的种族主义起源于18世纪左右的欧洲，它是对欧洲人进行分类的一种方式（如德国人和北欧人优于地中海人）。然后，随着奴隶制和殖民主义的蔓延，它被用来证明非洲人和其他土著人不如欧洲人，因此他们的压迫和奴役是有益的，因此在道德上是可以接受的。

The American difference is this: The U.S has had decades worth of rich planter class aristocrats, such as Thomas Jefferson, who had a plantation load of slaves to handle every little aspect of life for him, freeing up his faculties so that he had the time to sit around and study, research and write books about the differences between the European and the Negro. During his time, the superiority-inferiority dynamic would have been as matter-a-fact to him as gravity is to us. TJ would have read books on the subject and then would have combined that information with anecdotal, “obxtive” observation of his slaves. He would had conversations with those around like:

美国的不同之处在于：美国有些贵族很富有，当了几十年的种植园主人，比如托马斯杰斐逊，他有大量的奴隶来为他处理生活的方方面面，这样他就有时间坐下来研究、研究和写关于欧洲人和黑人之间的差异。在他那个时代，这种优势与劣势的动态关系对他来说就像重力对我们一样重要。托马斯杰斐逊会阅读关于这个主题的其他书籍，然后将这些信息与他对奴隶的轶事“客观”观察结合起来。他会和周围的人交谈，比如：

“Oh, Sally, you see, we Europeans are the epitome of reason( superior intellect), while, you poor Negroes,…are so emotional (no intellect=pure raw emotion)”

“噢，萨利，你看，我们欧洲人是理性的缩影（高明的智力），而你们这些可怜的黑人，是如此情绪化（没有智力=纯粹的原始情感）。”

And then would have had “facts” to back up his argument.

然后就会有“事实”来支持他的论点。

Thus U.S racism, universally, is the most coherent and well-conceived racist system of thought. Historically, it has been “proven true” and “validated” by scholars, books and disciplines such as Eugenics and then POLICY was formed and imposed that reflects that worldview.

因此，美国的种族主义，在世界范围内，是最连贯和构思良好的种族主义思想体系。从历史上看，它已经被优等生学者、书籍和学科“证明”和“验证”，然后形成并实施了反映这种世界观的政策。

Now, can Black people be racist…yes. Can anybody believe that they are superior to another group of people because of racial differences, sure.

现在，黑人能成为种族主义者吗? 是的。但有谁会相信他们会因为种族差异而比其他人优越呢。

However, when people make this argument they are obfuscating a lot about racism. What the main issue at hand is that Racism is not
- the name-calling,
-it’s not the “I don’t like you because you are black”,
- It’s not “I don’t really date black guys. I go more for hipsters”
-And it’s not “''Hey, it’s a black girl. MENTIONING RACE IS RACIST!!!

然而，当人们提出这个论点时，他们混淆了很多关于种族主义的问题。下面这些主题的现象其实都不能被看做是种族主义
——提及种族的谩骂，
——用 “不喜欢你因为你是黑人”类似表达，
——用 “我不怎么和黑人约会，我更喜欢赶时髦的人。”方式表达
—— “嘿，那是个黑人女孩。”提及种族这种表达方式!!

For me, none of that is racism. Racism, and what is the true problem that Black Americans have been getting at, is the notion that for the entirety of U.S history only one group of people has had the power, the ability, the need, and the time to create a system of belief that they are inherently better than everyone else, and then create a system of government and institutions to follow that reflect this belief. You blacks aren’t as intelligent, therefore you’re schools are inferior. You blacks are inherently more criminalistic therefore you need to be policed more and locked up for longer periods of time. Even our children are punished harsher in schools than white children.

对我来说，这些都不是种族主义。种族主义以及美国黑人所面临的真正问题，是整个美国的种族歧视。一群认为自己天生比别人优越的人有能力、有需要、有时间去建立一种信仰体系，然后再建立了一种反映这种信仰的政府和机构体系。你们黑人没有那么聪明，所以你们的学校差一些。你们黑人天生就更有犯罪倾向，所以关押你们时需要配置更多的警察和更长的关押时间。甚至孩子在学校受到的惩罚也比白人孩子严厉。

Now, some may say that so and such city has a black mayor and a black police chief and a black blah blah blah. And that is great! But, the fact still remains, only one group of people in the U.S has created a belief system that put them at the top of a racial pecking order, then had the power and wherewithal to implement that belief system institutionally and then impose it on other people.

现在，有人可能会说某某市有一个黑人市长，有一个黑人做警察局长等等之类的。这太棒了！但是，事实仍然是这样的，在美国只有一个群体建立了一个信仰体系，把他们放在种族等级的顶端，然后有权力和财力将这个信仰体系制度化，然后把它强加给其他人。

Have Black people ever done that in American history? On the scale that whites have done it? Black people being racist is something that can happen, however, its existence only exist in the potentiality of our minds. Black people being racist, while being a notion that is in the realm of possibility, has yet to manifest itself in the actual world, especially in the way in which it has manifested and then benefited white people.

在美国历史上，黑人曾经这样做过吗? 白人做了什么? 黑人种族主义是可能发生的，然而，它只存在于我们想象中。黑人种族主义，虽然是一个可能性的概念，但还没有在现实世界中表现出来，尤其是没有在类似于在白人种族主义表现出来并从中受益的方式上表现出来。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

I feel that now people are trying to change the definition of racism. Now we have changed the definition of racism to mentioning race, when black folks in U.S have never had a issue with people mentioning our race. We just want racists to get out of our way and let us have the same amount of access…to everything.

我觉得现在人们正试图改变种族主义的定义。现在我们把种族主义的定义改为提及种族。美国黑人从来不会因人们提及我们的种族而发生任何冲突。我们只是希望种族主义者别挡我们的道，让我们有同样多的机会获得一切。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Nana Togonmesi Abloklu Danfira Adedufira, Amengansie Hounnon
Even accepting the oft cited element of power the answer is yes. Allow me to qualify this answer.

即使接受经常被引用的权力因素，答案也是肯定的。请允许我限定这个答案。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Since the 1980s, black Americans have enjoyed unprecedented access to services, capital and authority. Make no mistake, we are still socially and financially disenfranchised, but legally we have the tools to become masters of our own fates despite that same law being leveraged against us.

自20世纪80年代以来，美国黑人获得了前所未有的服务、资本和权力。毫无疑问，尽管同样的法律对我们不利。但法律上让我们成为命运的主人，只是我们仍然在社会和经济上被剥夺了公民权。

We have taken advantage of this access at a remarkable rate despite the social push back and the economic and judicial obstacles placed in our way. This growing success in the face of adversity is a testament to our viability as a people. That we have managed it without murdering our former oppressors even as our oppressors committed acts of violence against us attests to our humanity.

尽管在社会阻力重重，经济和司法障碍阻碍了我们的道路，但我们利用了这一机会，在逆境中以惊人的速度实现不间断的成功证明了我们作为一个民族的生存能力。即使我们的压迫者对我们犯下暴力行为，我们也没有杀害我们以前的压迫者，这证明了我们的人性。我们的压迫者否认存在同样的人性。

However powerless we were before, we have power now. It is not as much as the majority but it is enough. Enough to be recognized as the foremost scientists, doctors and politicians in the country. Enough to pioneer cultural evolution in the country. And enough to ruin the nation built with our blood, sweat and tears. We''ve got power even though we aren''t full partners in this society.

无论我们以前多么无能为力，但我们现在有了力量。虽然没有大多数人那么多，但也足够了。足以被认为是国内最重要的科学家、医生和政治家。足以引领这个国家的文化演变。足以摧毁我们用鲜血、汗水和眼泪建立起来的国家。尽管我们不是这个社会的正式伙伴，但我们拥有权力。

We can be racist, but not on the same scale Not that any of this matters, without the interplay between black and white Americans the nation will fall into chaos and no one will win.

我们可以是种族主义者，但不会形成白人那样的规模。这些都不重要，没有美国黑人和白人之间的相互制衡作用，美国将陷入混乱，没有人会赢。

Edit:

备注
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

I have ruffled more than a few feathers with this answer. I want to be clear here, I do not subscribe to the idea of racial or ethnic superiority. Its not that I believe it to be morally wrong to advocate racial or ethnic superiority but that it''s scientifically inaccurate, genetically detrimental, logically indefensible, and incredibly stupid.

我对这个答案感到恼火。我想在这里说清楚，我不赞成种族或种族优越的观点。同时我并不认为鼓吹种族或种族优越性在道德上是错误的，但它在科学上是不准确的，在基因上是有害的，在逻辑上是站不住脚的，而且是难以置信的愚蠢的表现。

Saying that I hold Western Culture, particularly American Western Culture, in contempt is a situation. I would be guilty of terrible dishonesty if I didn''t recognize the scientific advances it''s graced humanity with. It''s placed within the grasp of the everyday person access to knowledge unimaginable anytime before.

我虽然蔑视西方文化，特别是美国的西方文化。但如果我不承认科学的进步给人类带来的好处，我将犯下可怕的不诚实罪。它被放在日常人掌握的范围内，让他们随时都能获得以前无法想象的知识。

It has also given us extinctions, physical and cultural genocides, terrorism, medicines deadlier than diseases, devices capable of exterminating all life. A ubiquitous blight whose corrupting influence reaches the entire globe.

西方文化也给我们带来了灾难、物质和文化上的种族灭绝、恐怖主义、比疾病更致命的药物、能够消灭所有生命的装置。一种无处不在的枯萎病，其腐败影响遍及全球。

I ask no one to agree with me and in fact expect most to find my words obxtionable. That''s your prerogative, just as it is mine to look at the world around me, decide that it is near to ruin and conclude.

我没有要求任何人同意我的观点，事实上，我希望大多数人会觉得我的话令人反感。这是你的特权，就像我冷眼看我周围的世界，都想将其毁灭一样。

Ryan Nelson, American who loves to exercise his right to criticize his government
Individually? Absolutely.

个别的黑人存在种族主义？那是当然。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

At the community level? Probably.

在社区一级？可能吧。

At the government level? Almost certainly not.

在政府层面？几乎肯定不会存在。

Individuals of any stripe are quite capable of being racist. This has been demonstrated time and again. You don’t have to be a certain skin color to have racist attitudes. Racist black people are quite capable of beating up or even killing white people, just as racist white people are quite capable of beating up or killing black people. Look at our bloody history of race riots if you don’t believe me. They’re not as bad today, but there still lingers an unsettling “kill whitey” attitude among some people. So yeah; racist black individuals are not only possible, but a reality.

任何种族的人都很有可能是种族主义者。这一点已经被一次又一次地证明了。你不一定非得有某种肤色才有种族主义态度。种族主义的黑人有能力殴打甚至XX白人，正如种族主义的白人有能力殴打或XX黑人一样。如果你不相信我，看看我们血腥的种族骚乱史。他们今天还没有之前那么糟糕，但在一些人中间仍然存在着令人不安的XX态度。所以是的，种族主义的黑人不仅是可能的，而且是现实。

Black communities in America could potentially be racist towards white people, although honestly I haven’t really seen it. The reason why I equivocate on this even being possible is because it’s a matter of how much they would reasonably be allowed to do if they were so inclined. This ties in to my third take on this issue:

美国的黑人社区可能对白人有潜在的种族歧视，尽管这是实话，但我还没有真正看到。我之所以在这个问题上模棱两可，是因为如果他们有这种倾向，那么他们可以做很多事情，这是一个合理的推断。这与我对这个问题的第三种看法有关：

Black people simply aren’t able to be racist towards white people at the government level because we’re a democracy, and the only way you can manage to adopt racist policies in a democracy is through the tyranny of the majority. Black people don’t have anything near a majority, and seem unlikely to become one in the US for the foreseeable future. I mean, just look at how many accusations of racism have been leveled at President Obama, a man who’s half-white, grew up in a white family, and has gone out of his way to avoid any appearance of favoritism towards black people during his tenure as President.

在政府一级，黑人根本不可能对白人有种族歧视，因为我们是一个民主国家，而在民主国家，你能设法施行种族主义政策的唯一途径就是通过多数人的暴政。黑人没有任何接近多数的途径，在可预见的未来似乎不太可能成为美国的一员。我的意思是，看看有多少种族主义的指控是针对奥巴马总统的，他是一个半白人，在白人家庭长大，在他担任总统期间特意避免任何对黑人的偏袒。

Ted Williams, I have been alive for just over 17000 days.
I think its time to stop perpetuating racism by implying that there is such a difference between Black Americans and White Americans. Any time an adverse decision is made against a person because of their race it is racism.

我认为是时候停止种族主义了，因为它暗示了美国黑人和美国白人之间的差别。任何时候，只要有人因为涉及种族这个出发点而做出不利于对方的决定，那就是种族主义。
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Be proud to be white if you are white. Enjoy the things that make it great. Be proud of being black if you are black. Enjoy the the things that make it great. Be proud of who you are whatever your race. Just realize that these diffrences are very superficial. Be loyal to your species (human) and love what makes you special. Racism makes the world more dangerous for your offspring.

如果你是白人，就要为自己是白人而自豪。享受让它变得伟大的事情。如果你是黑人，就要为自己是黑人而自豪。享受那些让它变得伟大的事情。不管你是什么种族，都要为自己感到骄傲。要知道在乎肤色差别是很肤浅的行为。应该忠诚于你的物种(人类)，热爱让你与众不同的事物。因为种族主义会让你的后代在这个世界上一直处于莫名危险中。