欧盟圈讨论:各国有哪些正在快速消失的文化传统?
2021-02-17 yzy86 18809
正文翻译


(图为格鲁吉亚传统服饰)

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1、Baby Jesus Christ stopped being the main gift bringer and was swapped by Santa Claus.

(葡)耶稣宝宝不再是给我们带来礼物的那个人,已经被圣诞老人取代了。

Same here with Father Christmas. Father Christmas used to be more like the Ghost of Christmas Present from A Christmas Carol - so admittedly very similar - but he''s been merged into Santa and they''re identical now.. This happened many years ago. But I''ve noticed our kids now call him Santa far more than they do Father Christmas.

(回复)(英)我们这里的圣诞爸爸也是一样。在过去,圣诞爸爸更像是圣诞颂歌中的圣诞礼物之魂(所以应当承认他俩是很相像的),但他已经和圣诞老人融为一体了,现在他俩是一模一样的…这个过程很多年前就发生了。但我注意到,现在的小孩管他叫圣诞老人的几率远高于圣诞爸爸。
(译注:圣诞爸爸(Father Christmas)是英国地区对圣诞节的人格化产物,源出古代英国民间传说)

In Germany, it is still mixed. In some places it is Santa (well, Weihnachtsmann really), in some places it is Christkind (yup, Baby Jeez himself).

(回复)(德)在德国至今还是混着来的。在有些地方扮的是圣诞老人,另一些地方则是耶稣宝宝。

Very roughly speaking, traditionally it is southern Germany (Bavaria, BaWü) and the Rhine areas Frankfurt, Düsseldorf, Cologne) that do Christkind. Around the Ruhrgebiet and Westfalia part of Nordrhein-Westfalen it transitions into Weihnachtsmann north and east from there, so Northern Germany and the former DDR states do Weihnachtsmann. In reality, it can vary from family to family as people move all around. You get a rough idea here.
My wife is from southern Germany, but her family did Weihnachtsmann.

粗略地说,传统上扮耶稣宝宝的是德国南部(巴伐利亚地区,巴符州,以及法兰克福的莱茵地区、杜塞尔多夫、科隆)。而在北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的鲁尔区以及威斯特伐利亚部分的以东和以北地区已经改换成圣诞老人了,所以德国北方和前东德的州会扮圣诞老人。在现实中,每家每户的做法都不一样,因为人们会到处迁徙。各位能明白个大概就行。
我妻子就是南德人,但她的家人扮的却是圣诞老人。



(译注:耶稣宝宝的造型通常为金发女天使,流行于德/奥/匈/捷/瑞士/意/葡等国)

2、The Irish language is dying, there are all Irish schools to attempt to revive it but the government isn''t doing much for the Gaelteachts
Also the original Irish scxt completely died because of typewriters

(爱尔兰)爱尔兰语(即盖尔语)快要亡了,很多爱尔兰学校试图复兴这门语言,但政府并没有为盖尔语地区作出过多少努力。
而且,由于打字机的出现,原始爱尔兰文字已经彻底灭绝了。

Same here. It''s really rare to find a fluent gàidhlig speaker under 50 who speaks it from birth.

(回复)(苏格兰)我们这里也是一样。想要在50岁以下的人群中找到一个盖尔语流利且从小说到大的人是极为困难的。

3、There was this tradition in Hamborg (I grew up there) back in the day called "Rummelpottlaufen". Children would go from house to house, dressed in elf or troll costumes, on New Year''s Eve, beating on a drum (the Rummelpott) and singing Low German songs. For their efforts they would get sweets and the adults would get a snaps. It''s gone now, sadly. AFAIK it''s still done on some of the North Sea islands and in parts of Denmark.

(德/丹)在从前的汉堡有一种叫做“Rummelpottlaufen”传统。孩子们会在除夕之夜把自己打扮成精灵或巨魔,敲着鼓(Rummelpott)唱着低地德语歌曲挨家挨户串门。他们的努力会换得糖果,成年人则会得到一份点心。现在这个传统已经消失了,真是让人难过啊。据我所知,在北部的一些海岛以及丹麦的部分地区还在沿袭。



(译注:扮成巨魔的人们)

Fastalavn is still celebrated im most of Denmark. We beat a barrel with a cat in it, go door to door masked singing songs threatening trouble and then you get candy or money in return. We also make special fastalavns bakery and we tie candy to a handfull of small branches which we then use to beat our parents the morning of fastelavn.

(回复)丹麦的大部分地区仍然会庆祝Fastalavn。我们会在木桶中放一只猫,然后捶打木桶,戴上面具挨家挨户唱歌捣蛋,然后你的回报会是糖果或钱。我们还会烘焙特制的fastalavn面包,还会把糖果绑在一把小树枝上,然后在fastelavn那天早晨用它抽打我们的父母。



(译注:Fastelavn是北欧传统中的狂欢节,流行于丹麦、挪威、瑞典、冰岛和法罗群岛)

The one who using a baseball bat breaks the cat out of the barrel, gets crowned King or Queen. Most public school teachers will be dressed out as well and most schools are breaking down multiple barrels. Its great fun for all ages.

谁能用棒球棒打破桶放出猫,谁就能被加冕为国王或王后。大部分公立学校的老师也会盛装参加,大部分学校都会打破好几个桶。对所有年龄段的人来说都是其乐无穷的。

There were a lot of traditions like that in Germany, all killed by Halloween. The worst thing is that this Halloween crap was pushed by a dedicated media campaign to sell more costumes.

(回复)德国曾经存在很多这样的传统,全被万圣节给灭了。最糟糕的就是,媒体在全力宣传万圣节那套垃圾,为的就是能卖出更多(万圣节)戏服。

4、Given the covid I would say la bise, let''s see how it goes after the immunity.

(法)鉴于新冠疫情,我觉得是法式接吻,且让我们看看完成免疫后情况会如何发展。

5、Men greeting women by kissing their hands. I remember as a kid seen it done by some elderly men, it''s still somewhat present in the language and culture but I don''t think I''ve seen it in real life during last 20 years.

(波)男人用吻手来向女人问好。我记得孩提时见过有些老年人会这么做,吻手礼在语言和文化中也仍然有几分存在感,但近20年来,我不记得在现实生活中见到过。

It also disappeared here, but the greeting "(Kezét) csókolom!" (I kiss [your hand]) is still used when greeting older people.

(回复)(匈)在我们这里也消失了,但"(Kezét) csókolom!(我吻您的手)"这种问候,仍会用来问候老年人。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Same thing here,only in leanguage that tradition remained, in order to salute a woman we say "saru''mâna" which means "i kiss the hand""

(回复)(罗马尼亚)我们这儿也是一样,这种传统只留存在了语言中,在向女士致意的时候我们会说"saru''mâna",意思是“我吻手”

6、Singing together. People over 70 know a lot of German folk songs and grew up with singing them together on various occasions. All generations together. There were songs for hiking, for meetings in the town hall, for specific festivities, for doing laundry, just being together in the evenings and so on.

(德)是一起唱歌。70岁以上的人会唱很多德国民歌,而且从小就会在各种场合一起唱。合唱时所有世代都会加入。有远足时唱的歌,有在市政厅集会时唱的歌,有为特定节日准备的歌,有洗衣服时唱的歌,还有晚上大家聚在一起时唱的歌等等。

Only a handful of them made it to today, mostly kids songs that are sung by parents with their little children or in Kindergarten or primary school. Or in church, but almost nobody goes to church anymore.

它们中能流传到今天的一只手就数得过来,大部分是儿歌,是父母带小孩时唱的,或是在幼儿园、小学里唱的。或是在教堂里,可是,几乎已经没什么人去教堂了。

One reason is probably the Third Reich, because they valued it so much it kinda got frowned upon afterwards. And scientists say that with the rise of technology, traditional folk music tends to disappear. Not everywhere, but it seems to happen often.

其中的一个原因是可能是第三帝国,因为他们特别重视合唱,在他们倒台后,合唱就会让人们觉得不悦。科学家还说,随着技术的崛起,传统的民间音乐会慢慢走向消亡。并不是所有地方都如此,但这种情况似乎经常会发生。

We don’t sing together anymore these days, and I think that’s really really sad.

现如今,我们再也不会一起合唱了,我觉得真挺悲哀的。
(德)In the 90s we still got a little songbook in school (Mundorgel) and sang a bit.

But that was entirely absent after 4th grade.

90年代的时候,我们的学校里仍然会有个小歌本,偶尔也会拿出来唱唱。
但四年级以后,就彻底不唱了。

It''s one of the things that is not done by the public any more outside of more conservative circles. Which results in more conservative songs being sung and then the more progressive circles cry about that even though they didn''t care about keeping the singing as a tradition for the general public.

这是除去一些更保守的圈子,公众不再践行的风俗之一。而这就导致合唱中出现的更多是保守的歌曲,然后更进步的圈子就会为此出来哭喊,尽管他们对保留合唱这种传统并不上心。

I remember a group of Germans singing very well in a restaurant in Budapest (after discussing with the Hungarian musicians first).

(回复)(荷)我还记得,有一群德国人在布达佩斯的一个餐厅里(在和匈牙利音乐家商讨过后)合唱,唱得相当好。

7、I''ll give two, one positive tradition and one negative.

(土耳其)我会举出两个,一个是正面的传统,另一个是负面的。

Positive: Visiting relatives during religious holidays. Most people are starting to see it as an excuse to go on beach holidays, it seems.

正面的:在宗教节日期间走亲戚。貌似大部分人开始把这个看成去海边度假的借口了

Negative: "Bride-taking". The tradition of "requesting" the bride from her father. I see the disappearance of this tradition as a net positive because this heavily obxtifies women as the property of their fathers.

负面的:“抢亲”。在这种传统中,会向新娘的父亲“索要”新娘。这种传统的消失在我看来是好事,因为这种传统把她们视为其父的财产了,严重物化了女性。

8、Nearly every winter tradition. Last Sunday was the first time in years that it snowed in my area. Climate change really kills the Christmas spirit.

(德)几乎所有的冬季传统。上周日是我这个地区多年来下的第一场雪。气候变化真的杀死了这种圣诞精神。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


9、Bullfighting in Spain is, luckily, getting more and more unpopular and I think it''s bound to disappear or at least stay just as a tradition without the current cruelty (avoiding the bull, veronicas and that but not killing it slowly).

(西)西班牙斗牛正变得越来越不受欢迎,这真是幸事一桩啊,我觉得这种传统势必会消失的,或是作为一种传统保留下来但至少要把当前存在的那些残忍的环节摈弃掉(保留躲着牛跑,舞动斗篷等身法动作,但把慢慢杀死牛的部分去掉)。

Also, the population is getting less and less religious and some festivities are losing weight, like midnight mas on December 24th, or the different saints days and the saints in general.

还有就是,人们的信教比率越来越低了,而且有些欢庆活动人气也越来越低了,比如12月24日的午夜弥撒,或是各式各样的圣人日以及对圣人的敬拜。

10、In Ireland, it was traditional to carve turnips instead of pumpkins on Hallowe''en (Oíche Samhain)
It was also traditional for St. Patrick''s to be a day of fast but that''s definitely changed.

在爱尔兰的传统中,万圣节(源头为凯尔特人的夏末节)那天会雕刻萝卜而不是南瓜。
而且,传统上圣帕特里克节是要斋戒的,但这一条绝对是变了。


11、I''m more inclined to answer none. Habits are changing, yes. 30 years after USSR i feel like Latvian traditions have become only stronger.

(拉脱维亚)我更倾向于回答没有。是的,习俗一直都在改变。苏联解体30年后,我感觉拉脱维亚的各种传统反而更加壮大了。

12、In the UK, people used to leave their front doors open wide throughout the night to help airflow all the time...
Not common at all anymore.

在过去的英国,人们经常会一整个晚上大开前门,以帮助空气流通…
如今这再也不是普遍的做法了

13、There was a tradition NOT to clix glasses (bottles) if you drink beer. Thus remembering/honouring the revolution of 1848 when - according to the legend - the Austrians celebrated the execution of the 13 leaders with drinking beer and clixing glasses.

(匈牙利)曾经有一个传统,就是在喝啤酒的时候不能碰杯碰瓶。以此纪念1848年匈牙利革命,传说当时的奥地利人用喝啤酒并碰杯的方式庆祝对13名匈牙利领袖的处决。

Later an urban legend emerged saying historians had agreed that the 150 years were over and Hungarians now are allowed to do so, so people stopped NOT clixing.

后来出现了一个都市传说,说是历史学家已经达成了一致,同意150年的期间已经结束,现在匈牙利可以碰杯了,所以人们就停止了不碰杯的习惯。
(译注:当时的匈牙利人曾发誓在150年内都不会再互碰啤酒杯)

I find this a nice tradition, even though Austrians are not our enemies any more, I try not to clix my glass.

我觉得这是一个很不错的传统,尽管奥地利人不再是我们的敌人了,我还是尽量不去碰杯。

14、Writing letters on paper and sending them in envelop by post. Also postcards are dying (or maybe dead).

(俄)用纸写信,包上信封由邮政系统寄出。明信片也快玩完了(可能已经死透了)。

15、I am from France... I would say beheading political leaders is a cultural tradition which seem to disappear in my country.

我来自法国…我觉得,X首政治领导人的文化传统似乎已经在我国消失了。

16、The "Swedish sin" is changing.

(瑞典)“瑞典的罪恶”正在改变。

We used to have a very relaxed attitude towards sex and nudity, at a time when the sexual revolution hadn''t really started yet.

以前,我们是很不把性和裸露当回事的,在那个时代,性革命还没有真正开始。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


While we haven''t exactly gotten more prude, nudity has simultaneously gotten more charged and more prent - more in line with typical western culture. There''s been a transition away from casual skinny dipping to underwear models, if that makes any sense.

虽然我们也没有因此变得更假正经,但裸露也随之而变得更让人介怀了,也越来越普遍了,这就更符合典型的西方文化了。已经从稀松平常地裸个泳,转变成内衣模特了,如果这样表述能说明问题的话。

17、Bribing police officers, no one seems to do it anymore :(

(罗马尼亚)贿赂警察,貌似已经没人这么干了。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


18、Vodka and spirits are becoming less popular than wine and bear.

(俄)伏特加和烈酒受欢迎的程度,正在慢慢输给红酒和啤酒。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


19、The Village Inn.

(德)乡村旅馆。

In West German villages, until the 1970ies, this was the cultural centre of life, where also many of the celebrations were done (both private, like marriages, or public, like carnival).

西德的乡村一直到70年代都是文化生活的中心,会在这里举行大量的庆祝活动(公私都有,比如婚礼或狂欢节)

After that time, it were places which were often shabby and very low brow, but where at least villagers would come together to drink. Today, such places are barely sustainable and people are not interested to have such places anymore.

一过70年代,就成了非常破败的地方,成了大老粗们待的地方,但至少还有村民会聚在这里喝酒。而到了今天,这种地方都快维持不下去了,人们不再对这种地方感兴趣了。

20、The myriad of german dialects used to be very diverse, nowadays people don’t really speak their regional dialects anymore

五花八门的德国方言在过去可是非常繁杂的,现如今的人不怎么说他们当地的方言了。

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