网帖翻译

Hellerick
I don't feel any difference between the current and the Soviet situation.

我没感觉到当今和苏联时期的情况有什么不同。

On one hand the Soviet rule imposed on men and women same rights, and women can take important positions (e.g. most judges in Russia are women), on another hand our culture has strong 'gender-specific expectations' on how and what people should be doing. Nobody forces you to follow it, but it would feel weird if you don't. So women were and are expected to be feminine.

一方面，苏联的统治给男人和女人强行赋予了同等的权利，而且女人可以出任重要职位（比如说，俄罗斯的大部分法官都是女性），另一方面，我们俄罗斯的文化“针对特定性别应当做什么以及应该如何行事的期望”是根深蒂固的。不会有任何人去强迫你遵循它，但如果你不遵循，就会感觉怪怪的。所以过去也好现在也好，都还是会期望女人要像女人。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

RiceFar
Interesting, so it looks like the traditional female expectations still existed, but it wasn’t emphasized as much during Soviet times, but it still existed nonetheless

（楼主）有意思，所以看起来，传统上对女性的期望仍然存在，但在苏联时期并没有大力强调这些，尽管如此它却仍然存在。

It is not "emphasized as much" today either.
It just the position "Do you expect men to be strong?! You're a nazi pig!!!" remains weird and foreign to us.

（层主）在今天也并没有“大力强调”。
只不过在我们眼中，这种“你居然会去期望男人强悍？！你这头纳粹猪！！”的态度还是很奇怪很陌生的。

maxvol75
in soviet movies, women very often represented as hierarchically superior, i.e. directors (служебный роман, москва слезам не верит) or at least as perfectly self-sufficient.

在苏联电影中，女人经常会以等级体制中长官的身份出现，比如在《办公室的故事》、《莫斯科不相信眼泪》这样的电影中饰演主任，至少自给自足是不在话下的。

（图解：在《办公室的故事》中，女主角的身份为统计局局长）

the ussr was indeed among the first states in which women could vote

（回复）苏联的确是第一批赋予女人投票权的国家。

policy-wise definitely yes. moreover, many men were and some still are infantile and being taken care of by women. this was also depicted in many soviet movies (любовь и голуби).

（回复）在政治上绝对是这样的。此外，无论过去还是现在，很多男人都是很幼稚的，也一直是由女人在照顾。这一点在很多苏联电影中也有所表现，比如《爱情与鸽子》。

not quite tbh, as someone pointed out, it was expected to be a good worker, mother and caretaker at once.

（回复）老实说不尽然，正如某人指出的，会期望女人同时成为优秀的工人、母亲和看护者。

Ozkedko
Women play a large role in our society. There is a joke about it:
Most of our people are raised by same-sex couples - mom and grandmother.

（鄂木斯克）女人在我们的社会中发挥了很重要的作用。关于这个问题还有个笑话：
我们中的大多数人都是由同性夫妇养大的：妈妈和奶奶。

Only women can choose the way how she will spend her life and many choose householding, why not, it's a decent job.

只有女人能选择自己的生活方式，很多人选择了做家庭主妇，为什么不呢，这是一份体面的工作

To understand the Russian women let's look at Kartunkova. She is the most viewed KVN player of the last decade and I've seen the interview with a discussion about why she is so popular. And resume looks like this

想要理解俄罗斯女人，我们可以去看看Kartunkova(凯丘恩克娃)。她是上一个十年中观看人数最多的KVN选手，我看过一个访谈，其中讨论到了她如此受欢迎的原因。梗概如下：

（图为凯丘恩克娃）

everyone recognizes her as his mother, wife, mother-in-law, grandmother, neighbor, etc. This is a collective image of a Russian middle-aged woman.

每个人都会把她看是自己的母亲、妻子、岳母、祖母、邻居等等。而这是俄罗斯中年妇女这个集体的形象。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

So just imagine forcing such a woman to seat home if she doesn't want to =) Or do something she doesn't want=) Women feel like a regular part of society so any encroachment on equality is perceived as barbarism and savagery

所以可以想象一下，这样一个女人，在她不愿意的情况下强迫她待在家里，或是强迫她做一些她不愿意做的事，女人感觉上是社会中固定的一份子，所以任何侵犯平等的行为，都会被认为是野蛮和不开化的行径。

It depends on what you mean under conservatism. Usually, it means a tendency to keep past order. Our past is socialistic. The old generation mentality is Stop sitting without work! The factories are idle!.
For Russians: Обколються своими комплюктерами, лучше бы на завод шли!

这种事情取决于你怎么定义保守主义。通常而言，这个词指的是一种维护旧秩序的倾向。而我们的过去是社会主义。老一代人的脑回路是：别再干坐着不工作了！那些工厂都闲置着呢！
对俄罗斯人来说：把你那电脑扔了吧，最好还是去工厂！

All factories is idle, only gitarists in country! Go to work, mth fucker!

（回复）所有的工厂都闲置着，这个国家里尽是些玩吉他的！赶紧去工作啊，狗娘养的们！

Our state is very conservative, people too. But not in the way you preserve conservativism in the West.

（回复）我们国家可是非常保守的，我们国家的人也是一样。但和你们西方维持保守主义的方式还是不同的。

erzyabear
Soviets saw women as an easy way to increase labor force so USSR pioneered many pro-women measures: paid maternity leave, free daycares. After WWII it wasn’t uncommon for women to hold managerial positions.

（莫尔多维亚共和国）在苏联人眼中，女人是一个能轻松增加劳动力的法子，所以苏联敢为天下先，开创了很多有利于女性的举措：带薪产假、免费的托儿所。二战以后，苏联女人担任管理职务也并不鲜见。

That’s still true nowadays, however, the everyday sexism is more common then it used to be in USSR. Many managers think it’s a valid reason not hire a woman because she has kids or just because she’s in ‘fertile’ age. The pay gap is also more prominent than in the West

直到今天也是一样，不过，日常生活中出现的性别歧视要比苏联时普遍。很多管理人员认为，不雇佣有孩子的女性（或者，只是因为她处于“育龄”）是有正当理由的。薪资差距也比西方更明显。

In fact, everything is very complicated. In Soviet times, women were indeed given equal rights with men and were given even more rights. With all this, in society, an attitude was brought up to a woman as to someone special, beautiful, fragile, etc. A man should help a woman carry heavy bags, should open a door for a woman, should hold a door, etc. In most families, it was and is believed that a woman should work but at the same time should be a mother. In modern society, things have become even more complicated. The post-feminist period has come when some women themselves do not want to be treated like a woman. It is also often found that a woman in the same position is paid less than a man. There was no such thing in the USSR. This appeared with the advent of the market economy. Everything is connected with the fact that, having become pregnant, a woman is legally entitled to maternity leave of at least 1.5 years, as well as with the fact that, as I said, a woman is perceived not only as an employee, but also as a mother, which means that she can often take time off from work to take care of the child or sit with him on sick leave (in Russia, parents have the right to take sick leave if they are caring for a sick child, the duration of sick leave can be up to 14 days or more).

（回复）事实上，这一切非常复杂。苏联时期真的赋予了女人和男人平等的权利，甚至比男人还多。有了这些，就在社会中培养出了一种对女人的态度，即把女人视为特别的、美丽的、脆弱的等等。男人应该帮女人拿很重的包，应该为女人开门或留门等等。在大部分家庭中，无论是过去还是现在，都认为女人应该在工作的同时成为一位母亲。在现代社会中，情况就变得更复杂了。后女权时期已经到来，有些女人不希望别人把她们当成女人。同样的职位，女人拿的薪水比男人少，这种情况也是很多见的。而在苏联时期，是不存在这种事情的。随着市场经济的到来，才会出现这种事。一切都和一个事实有关：法律规定，女性在怀孕后享有至少1.5年的产假；外加这个事实：如我所言，女人不仅被看成雇员，而且会被看成母亲，这就意味着她通常都可以为了照顾孩子离岗，或是请病假陪伴孩子（在俄罗斯，如果父母有一个生着病的孩子要照顾，那就有权请病假，病假的时长高达14天或更多）。

AFAIK either parent can take parental leave to care after a newborn in Russia, not only mother. Same goes for taking sick leave to care for a kid. Just to note, maternity leave is paid by the state and not by the employer so it’s not only about the “market economy”.

（层主）据我所知，俄罗斯的父母为了照顾新生儿，不只是母亲，父母中的任何一方都可以休产假。为了照顾孩子而请病假也是同理。要注意的是，带薪产假是由国家买单的，而不是雇主，所以这就不是“市场经济”能解释的了。

The position of a woman is a really weird mix of archaic country-side and orthodox Christian traditions, romantic era chivalric romances and early 20 century feminists’ achievements. OB-GYN at an appointment in local hospital treat women like a piece of meat. The society pushes them towards having kids early and sacrificing education and career. Many women would be happy to return to work as early as possible but for the majority the childcare for babies under 18 months is prohibitively expensive. It’s a long road for all of us

女性的地位真是一个奇怪的组合，古代乡村和东正教传统、浪漫时代的骑士传奇，以及20世纪早期的女权主义成就。在当地医院接受预约的妇产科医师把女人当成一块肉来对待。全社会推着她们早早生孩子并牺牲教育和事业。要是能尽可能早地回去工作，很多女人会很乐意的，但大部分不满18个月的婴儿幼托服务都贵得出奇。对我们所有人来说，这都是一条漫漫长路。

Genethebunnyqueen
Then again, women who dont want kids are treated differently.

（莫斯科州）而且，不想生孩子的女人会被区别对待的。

With our pension system, not having children = living off other people's kids income

（回复）以我们这种养老金制度，不要孩子就等于靠别人家孩子的收入过活。

MossyTundra
I’m not sure about Soviet times, but women today still are expected to fit into the traditional gender role. Let men carry things, look pretty, wear make up, care for children etc.
Women can be independent, but it’s still the role of mother and caretaker that’s deeply ingrained.

（莫斯科）苏联时期是什么情况我无法确定，但今天的女性仍被期望着去充当传统的性别角色。让男人替自己搬东西，打扮得美美的，化妆，带孩子，诸如此类。
女性可以独立，但母亲和看护者的角色仍然是根深蒂固的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Ferrari_Cold
The part from one of famous russian poems, I don't remember its author, fully represents womens' role in Russia at all: "Коня на скаку остановит, В горящую избу войдет"

这句来自某一首很有名的俄国诗歌，作者我不记得了，但完全能代表女人在俄罗斯发挥作用：
“既能拦住狂奔的马，也能硬闯着了火的屋子。”
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

rawberryfields
Women were viewed as equals to men so they could get any education and good jobs and there were lots of propaganda posters promoting literacy, education, working and so on for the women. But still there were and still are lots and lots of patriarchal ideas in men’s heads. Still I’d say we had it much better than say US. I feel like we kind of went a bit backwards from there and said patriarchal ideas still didn’t go anywhere plus religion based misogynistic ideas are a thing too. In nowdays Russia there’s of course lots and lots of problems and feminism is a thing for a reason but this soviet legasy makes it much better. I’m really not a fan of USSR but women enpowering is definitely a thing they were doing right.

女人被认为和男人平等，所以她们可以接受任何教育并得到很好的工作，而且以前有很多推动女人去识字、教育和工作等的宣传海报。但在男人心中仍然存在着很多很多的父权思想。不过我还是要说，我们可比美国好多了。我是感觉我们在这方面比从前有所倒退，而且父权思想仍然没有消逝，再加上基于宗教的厌女思想也不容小觑。当然，今天的俄罗斯存在大量的问题，女权主义的出现是有原因的，但苏联留下的这份遗产使情况好了很多。我真的不是苏联的粉丝，但赋予女性权利这件事他们绝对是做对了。

mlt-
How about 3 year maternal leave? I wonder if you can get that much in the world now.

三年的产假要怎么说？我很想知道，你有没有可能在当今世界享受到这样的产假。

That’s quite impressive, i dont think that happens in the US, it’s definitely not a mandate by law. But I think that’s going back to conservative culture. The reason why they get 3 years off is because they are primarily seen as child caretakers rather than a working class citizen

（楼主）这太让人印象深刻了，我觉得这在美国是不可能出现的，而且这个绝对不是法律强制的。但我觉得这个可以归因到保守的文化。他们能得到3年的假期，是因为他们首先被看成照料小孩的人，而非属于工人阶级的公民。

seoul47
We have an old joke just on this matter: "Feminist women in the West struggle for women's rights, to be able to work in the mines, while in USSR feminists struggle to achieve right to NOT work in the mines!"

关于这个问题，我们有一个很老的笑话：“西方的女权主义者为了妇女权利而斗争，是为了能去矿上工作，而苏联的女权主义者展开斗争，则是为了能不去矿上工作！”

Katatoniczka
Here in Poland I feel that the gender equality that got ingrained in some aspects of life for several decades is one of the good remnants of the Soviet times. Of course I’m not Russian so I can’t speak for the ussr but I feel like the impact it left on other countries also speaks volumes. My grandmothers were born in 1945 and 1938 and they both had respectful lives both as workers and mothers. Not sure about the other but one of them also got a several week long state paid sanatorium holiday every year during which her husband got to stay at home with the kids while they were still young, so it seems to me that she could have much more rest from childcare than a contemporary Polish woman in a 2-income household has...

我感觉在我们波兰这里，几十年来生活方方面面根深蒂固的性别平等是苏联时代的优良遗产之一。当然了，我不是俄罗斯人，所以我无法为苏联代言，但我觉得苏联留给其他国家的影响也很能说明问题了。我的两位祖母分别出生于1945年和1938年，她们无论身为工人还是母亲，都过着受人尊敬的生活。我不确定另一位的情况，但她们其中一人每年还能得到由国家买单的长达几周的疗养假，在此期间，她的丈夫可以留在家里陪年纪尚小的孩子，所以在我看来，相比于双职工家庭中的当代波兰妇女，她在带孩子时能得到的休息要多出许多...

ptitz
Russia never went through the transformative process of the counter-culture movements of the 60s/70s that took place in the rest of the world. So they are still kind of stuck in that period, with rigid gender roles, and some pretty archaic societal norms and attitudes. I think the late 80s/90s were especially damaging, since after the unx's collapse the society stepped away from marxism-influenced feminist dogmas, and more towards traditionalism/conservatism. and the cultural landscape had been stagnating since.

（欧盟）俄罗斯从未经历过六七十年代发生在全世界其他国家的反文化运动带来的转型过程。所以他们仍然卡在那个时期，保有着僵化的性别角色以及一些相当古老的社会规范和心态。我觉得八十年代末和九十年代的破坏力尤其大，因为在苏联崩溃后，全社会摆脱了受影响的女权教条，然后就更倾向于传统主义和保守主义了。而文化领域的局面自那时起就一直停滞不前了。