有什么关于人体的事实是很多人不知道的？
正文翻译
What is a fact about the human body that not many people know about?
有什么关于人体的事实是很多人不知道的？
What is a fact about the human body that not many people know about?
有什么关于人体的事实是很多人不知道的？
评论翻译
Acrobatic_Classic_13
Migraine pain can lessen from vomiting. Vomiting can cause dehydration. Dehydration can cause migraines.
偏头痛可以通过呕吐缓解。呕吐会导致脱水。脱水会导致偏头痛。
Migraine pain can lessen from vomiting. Vomiting can cause dehydration. Dehydration can cause migraines.
偏头痛可以通过呕吐缓解。呕吐会导致脱水。脱水会导致偏头痛。
The human body is funny.
人体真的很搞笑。
人体真的很搞笑。
THElaytox
I learned recently that ocular and retinal migraines are a thing. Thought I was going blind
我最近才知道原来眼睛的偏头痛和视网膜的偏头痛是同一个东西。我以为我要瞎了。
I learned recently that ocular and retinal migraines are a thing. Thought I was going blind
我最近才知道原来眼睛的偏头痛和视网膜的偏头痛是同一个东西。我以为我要瞎了。
Acrobatic_Classic_13
Migraines are the worst. It's like your brain is asking you to troubleshoot your body like tech. Sodium levels low? Magnesium maybe? Forget to eat? Blood pressure off? Exhausted? Stressed? Who knows... Try a hot shower or an ice pack, chocolate, more caffeine, less caffeine, a triptan maybe, some almonds, put some pressure on your eyes, get out of the sun, get some sleep. If all else fails there's the old migraine cocktail at the doctor's office a shot in the neck, a shot in the butt, and an anti-nausea med under the tongue.
偏头痛是最糟糕的。就好像你的大脑希望你像个技术人员一下检查一下你的身体除了那些东西。钠含量低了？还是镁烧了？忘了吃饭了？血压低了？累蒙了？压力太大了？谁知道了……试试洗个热水澡，冰敷一下，吃点巧克力，多来点咖啡因，少来点咖啡因，摄入一点翠普登，吃点榛子，压一压眼睛，离太阳远点，多睡会儿觉。假如这些都不管用，那至少大夫那里的老式鸡尾酒疗法还管用：脖子上打一针，屁股上打一针，舌头下面再含一片抗恶心的药物。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Migraines are the worst. It's like your brain is asking you to troubleshoot your body like tech. Sodium levels low? Magnesium maybe? Forget to eat? Blood pressure off? Exhausted? Stressed? Who knows... Try a hot shower or an ice pack, chocolate, more caffeine, less caffeine, a triptan maybe, some almonds, put some pressure on your eyes, get out of the sun, get some sleep. If all else fails there's the old migraine cocktail at the doctor's office a shot in the neck, a shot in the butt, and an anti-nausea med under the tongue.
偏头痛是最糟糕的。就好像你的大脑希望你像个技术人员一下检查一下你的身体除了那些东西。钠含量低了？还是镁烧了？忘了吃饭了？血压低了？累蒙了？压力太大了？谁知道了……试试洗个热水澡，冰敷一下，吃点巧克力，多来点咖啡因，少来点咖啡因，摄入一点翠普登，吃点榛子，压一压眼睛，离太阳远点，多睡会儿觉。假如这些都不管用，那至少大夫那里的老式鸡尾酒疗法还管用：脖子上打一针，屁股上打一针，舌头下面再含一片抗恶心的药物。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
nightmarepoet
my trick is taking magnesium regularly, caffeine, a cold washcloth on your forehead in complete darkness and silence, and a nap
我的方法是经常摄入镁，咖啡因，在完全黑暗和安静的环境下往额头上放一块凉抹布，然后睡一觉。
my trick is taking magnesium regularly, caffeine, a cold washcloth on your forehead in complete darkness and silence, and a nap
我的方法是经常摄入镁，咖啡因，在完全黑暗和安静的环境下往额头上放一块凉抹布，然后睡一觉。
tinherbell
Yes, before the pain of a migraine I get blind spots and it dots. I was trying to solve a sudoku and a number I placed kept disappearing I kept putting it back for it to only actually remove it. I realized what was happening rushed to some medicine and tried to fall asleep before the pain started.
没错，在偏头痛发生之前我会有视野盲点，并且那里会有小点点。我有一次在尝试解开一道数独，然后我放的一个数字一直在消失，我一直在把它放回去，但只是把它移除了。我意识到发生了什么之后赶快去弄了一点药，试着在偏头痛开始之前让自己入睡。
Yes, before the pain of a migraine I get blind spots and it dots. I was trying to solve a sudoku and a number I placed kept disappearing I kept putting it back for it to only actually remove it. I realized what was happening rushed to some medicine and tried to fall asleep before the pain started.
没错，在偏头痛发生之前我会有视野盲点，并且那里会有小点点。我有一次在尝试解开一道数独，然后我放的一个数字一直在消失，我一直在把它放回去，但只是把它移除了。我意识到发生了什么之后赶快去弄了一点药，试着在偏头痛开始之前让自己入睡。
WirelessTrees
Headaches can be cured through resting and sleep. You can't fall asleep because of your headache. Your headache gets worse because you're thinking about it without having any other stimulus. Now your mild headache is double the intensity.
头痛可以通过休息和睡眠治愈。但你会因为头痛而睡不着觉。因为你没有其他的刺激只能思考头痛这件事，你的头痛会变得更糟糕。现在你本来挺温和的头痛一下子就就翻倍了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Headaches can be cured through resting and sleep. You can't fall asleep because of your headache. Your headache gets worse because you're thinking about it without having any other stimulus. Now your mild headache is double the intensity.
头痛可以通过休息和睡眠治愈。但你会因为头痛而睡不着觉。因为你没有其他的刺激只能思考头痛这件事，你的头痛会变得更糟糕。现在你本来挺温和的头痛一下子就就翻倍了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Suspicious-Passion10
Had a monster migraine last December, felt like absolute dogshit all morning. Took a migraine pill and about an hour later I threw up. The nausea disappeared instantly afterward and the headache was like 80% gone. I've never had that happen before.
去年十二月经历了一次很猛的偏头痛，一整个上午都感觉糟糕的要命。吃了一片管偏头痛的药，一小时之后我吐了。在吐完之后恶心的感觉立刻消失了，并且头痛也消失了80%。在此之前我从来没经历过。
Had a monster migraine last December, felt like absolute dogshit all morning. Took a migraine pill and about an hour later I threw up. The nausea disappeared instantly afterward and the headache was like 80% gone. I've never had that happen before.
去年十二月经历了一次很猛的偏头痛，一整个上午都感觉糟糕的要命。吃了一片管偏头痛的药，一小时之后我吐了。在吐完之后恶心的感觉立刻消失了，并且头痛也消失了80%。在此之前我从来没经历过。
Laylelo
This is what happens to me most of the time I have a migraine. I read somewhere that sometimes your digestive system stops working during a migraine so anything you eat or drink is probably just sloshing around in there and the best way to reboot everything is to just be sick. That’s how it works for me, anyway. I really think migraines are very very individual.
我偏头痛发作的时候就总是会发生这种事情。我在哪里读到说有的时候你的消化系统会在偏头痛期间停止运行，于是你吃进去喝进去的东西基本上就一直在那里堵着，重启的最好办法就是直接犯恶心。至少我是这样的。我真的觉得偏头痛是非常非常个人化的东西。
This is what happens to me most of the time I have a migraine. I read somewhere that sometimes your digestive system stops working during a migraine so anything you eat or drink is probably just sloshing around in there and the best way to reboot everything is to just be sick. That’s how it works for me, anyway. I really think migraines are very very individual.
我偏头痛发作的时候就总是会发生这种事情。我在哪里读到说有的时候你的消化系统会在偏头痛期间停止运行，于是你吃进去喝进去的东西基本上就一直在那里堵着，重启的最好办法就是直接犯恶心。至少我是这样的。我真的觉得偏头痛是非常非常个人化的东西。
cherry_tiddy
It's like headache/migraine pills that list "headache" as a sideffect.
就像一个把“头痛”列为副作用的头痛/偏头痛药片。
It's like headache/migraine pills that list "headache" as a sideffect.
就像一个把“头痛”列为副作用的头痛/偏头痛药片。
zomghax92
The human genome is about 8% virus DNA. Over millions of years, various sequences of virus genes have gotten stuck in our DNA and copied faithfully ever since. Most of them are now nonfunctional, but at least a few of them seem to still work and actually code for useful proteins. This suggests that viruses might occasionally serve as a helpful source of mutation in the evolutionary process.
人类基因组大约有8%的病毒DNA。在几百万年中，各种各样的病毒基因序列都卡进了我们的DNA里，并且在此之后忠实地复制了下来。绝大多数基因现在都没有用了，但至少还有一小部分仍然在工作，并且会编码有用的蛋白质。这意味着病毒或许有时会作为进化过程中的一个有帮助性的突变来源。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The human genome is about 8% virus DNA. Over millions of years, various sequences of virus genes have gotten stuck in our DNA and copied faithfully ever since. Most of them are now nonfunctional, but at least a few of them seem to still work and actually code for useful proteins. This suggests that viruses might occasionally serve as a helpful source of mutation in the evolutionary process.
人类基因组大约有8%的病毒DNA。在几百万年中，各种各样的病毒基因序列都卡进了我们的DNA里，并且在此之后忠实地复制了下来。绝大多数基因现在都没有用了，但至少还有一小部分仍然在工作，并且会编码有用的蛋白质。这意味着病毒或许有时会作为进化过程中的一个有帮助性的突变来源。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Brummelhummel
Viruses be like: "i am a bad guy, but that doesn't mean i am a bad guy"
病毒：“我是个坏蛋，但这不意味着我是个坏蛋。”
Viruses be like: "i am a bad guy, but that doesn't mean i am a bad guy"
病毒：“我是个坏蛋，但这不意味着我是个坏蛋。”
WirelessTrees
How nice it could be to create an artificial virus that is able to produce the amino acids that we cannot produce ourselves, or the various vitamins that we cannot produce ourselves.
假如能制造一种人工的病毒，它能生产我们不能生产的那些氨基酸或者维生素该多好啊。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
How nice it could be to create an artificial virus that is able to produce the amino acids that we cannot produce ourselves, or the various vitamins that we cannot produce ourselves.
假如能制造一种人工的病毒，它能生产我们不能生产的那些氨基酸或者维生素该多好啊。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Double points if it uses our fat stores as a source for the energy required to create those necessary vitamins or proteins.
假如我们能用自己的脂肪作为生产这些必要维生素或蛋白质的能量来源，那就更好了。
假如我们能用自己的脂肪作为生产这些必要维生素或蛋白质的能量来源，那就更好了。
ApprehensiveFox8844
Im not positive but I think CRISPR works kinda like that. I believe they use viruses to edit genes.
我不太确定，但我记得CRISPR（译注：规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列，一种可以对生物的DNA序列进行修剪、切断、替换或添加的技术）就是这样工作的。我记得他们是用病毒来编辑基因。
Im not positive but I think CRISPR works kinda like that. I believe they use viruses to edit genes.
我不太确定，但我记得CRISPR（译注：规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列，一种可以对生物的DNA序列进行修剪、切断、替换或添加的技术）就是这样工作的。我记得他们是用病毒来编辑基因。
another_spiderman
You are correct. That is exactly what CRISPR is.
你说的没错。这正是CRISPR的作用。
You are correct. That is exactly what CRISPR is.
你说的没错。这正是CRISPR的作用。
yukon-flower
Viruses are our Experimenters sending down software upxes or test code.
病毒就是我们的研发人员，在给我们发送软件更新或是测试代码。
Viruses are our Experimenters sending down software upxes or test code.
病毒就是我们的研发人员，在给我们发送软件更新或是测试代码。
DeLuniac
That the body’s ph is 7.35 to 7.45 and if any of those scam products that promise to “change the PH of your body” actually worked, you’d be dead.
身体的pH值是7.35到7.45之间，假如任何声称要“改变你身体的pH”的产品生效了，你就死了。
That the body’s ph is 7.35 to 7.45 and if any of those scam products that promise to “change the PH of your body” actually worked, you’d be dead.
身体的pH值是7.35到7.45之间，假如任何声称要“改变你身体的pH”的产品生效了，你就死了。
jvanderh
I think different parts of the body have different pH values (yours might be for the bloodstream) but absolutely yes on changing pH with food, etc being B.S.
我记得身体的不同部分有不同的pH值（你的或许是血液中的），但确实没错，用食物之类的东西改变pH简直就是扯淡。
I think different parts of the body have different pH values (yours might be for the bloodstream) but absolutely yes on changing pH with food, etc being B.S.
我记得身体的不同部分有不同的pH值（你的或许是血液中的），但确实没错，用食物之类的东西改变pH简直就是扯淡。
Cruithne
If you squirt warm water into someone's ear with a syringe, their eyes will automatically turn to the side that you squirted the water. If you use cold water, their eyes will automatically turn to the other side.
假如你用注射器往某人的耳朵里喷射一股热水，那么他们的眼睛会自动地转向被喷水的耳朵那一侧。假如你用冷水，那么他们的眼睛会自动转向另一侧。
If you squirt warm water into someone's ear with a syringe, their eyes will automatically turn to the side that you squirted the water. If you use cold water, their eyes will automatically turn to the other side.
假如你用注射器往某人的耳朵里喷射一股热水，那么他们的眼睛会自动地转向被喷水的耳朵那一侧。假如你用冷水，那么他们的眼睛会自动转向另一侧。
guto8797
This feels like some leftover debug code bullshit
这感觉就像是什么被遗留下来的debug代码。
This feels like some leftover debug code bullshit
这感觉就像是什么被遗留下来的debug代码。
PlusUltraBeyond
How do I root my body? I want to install Linux on it.
我该怎么root我的身体？我想给我的身体装个Linux。
How do I root my body? I want to install Linux on it.
我该怎么root我的身体？我想给我的身体装个Linux。
Suspicious_Story_464
They actually use it to verify neurological function in severe brain damaged/stroke patients.
他们其实会用这种方法来给严重脑损伤/脑中风的患者检验神经功能。
They actually use it to verify neurological function in severe brain damaged/stroke patients.
他们其实会用这种方法来给严重脑损伤/脑中风的患者检验神经功能。
Beneficial-Ground146
Hey I can verify this, im an ICU nurse and we perform brain death testing by testing this reflex all the time :)
嘿我可以证明，我是个ICU的护士，我们一直都会通过测试这种反射来检查患者是否脑死亡
Hey I can verify this, im an ICU nurse and we perform brain death testing by testing this reflex all the time :)
嘿我可以证明，我是个ICU的护士，我们一直都会通过测试这种反射来检查患者是否脑死亡
peely_gonna_stealy
Very curious about this, is it considered a sure sign of brain death or just an indication?
我很好奇这个，这是脑死亡的确切表征，还是说只是指示之一？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Very curious about this, is it considered a sure sign of brain death or just an indication?
我很好奇这个，这是脑死亡的确切表征，还是说只是指示之一？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Beneficial-Ground146
There are a number of different reflexes assessed that collaboratively (in the context of certain physiological parametres i.e temperature, CO2 etc) can ascertain brain death. Just to clarify, as nurses we do not perform the assessment ourselves, our ICU doctors do it but we watch and can help with the specialist equipment involved etc :)
我们会评估大量不同的反射，它们加起来（并且要放在一定的身体指标的条件之下，比如体温，二氧化碳浓度等等）之后才能用来评估脑死亡。我只是想澄清一下，我们作为护士是不会自己评估的，我们的ICU医生做评估，但我们会在一边看着，并且可以帮忙提供专业设备之类的。
There are a number of different reflexes assessed that collaboratively (in the context of certain physiological parametres i.e temperature, CO2 etc) can ascertain brain death. Just to clarify, as nurses we do not perform the assessment ourselves, our ICU doctors do it but we watch and can help with the specialist equipment involved etc :)
我们会评估大量不同的反射，它们加起来（并且要放在一定的身体指标的条件之下，比如体温，二氧化碳浓度等等）之后才能用来评估脑死亡。我只是想澄清一下，我们作为护士是不会自己评估的，我们的ICU医生做评估，但我们会在一边看着，并且可以帮忙提供专业设备之类的。
not_thatkindofdoctor
Yea of all the wild stuff on here somehow this is the weirdest thing to me because I cannot fathom a reason for it.
没错，在这里列出来的所有东西里面，某种意义上这是对我来说最诡异的东西，因为打死我也想不出来这究竟是什么道理。
Yea of all the wild stuff on here somehow this is the weirdest thing to me because I cannot fathom a reason for it.
没错，在这里列出来的所有东西里面，某种意义上这是对我来说最诡异的东西，因为打死我也想不出来这究竟是什么道理。
SolvingTheMosaic
The temperature difference between the water and the fluid in your balance organ makes that fluid move. You normally use this rotational information to lock your eyes in place when you move your head.
你射进去的水和你的平衡器官里的液体之间的温度差，会导致那个液体流动。通常你在转动头部的时候，会利用这种液体转动的信息来锁定你的双眼的位置。
The temperature difference between the water and the fluid in your balance organ makes that fluid move. You normally use this rotational information to lock your eyes in place when you move your head.
你射进去的水和你的平衡器官里的液体之间的温度差，会导致那个液体流动。通常你在转动头部的时候，会利用这种液体转动的信息来锁定你的双眼的位置。
Your eyes start moving to compensate for the perceived head movement, then jump back to the point you are trying to focus on based on the visual information.
你的眼睛会为了补偿预测的头部运动而转动，然后再基于视觉信息跳跃到你注视的那个点。
你的眼睛会为了补偿预测的头部运动而转动，然后再基于视觉信息跳跃到你注视的那个点。
flamingphoenix9834
Your brain continues to try to revive the body long after the heart has stopped. In some cases 30 hours later there has been found brain activity trying to make repairs to bring the body back. This is used to indicate time of death in murder victims.
在心脏停止跳动之后很长时间，你的大脑都会不断尝试复活你的身体。在某些情况下，在死亡30小时之后人们仍然会发现尝试进行修补、让身体重新正常运作的脑部活动。人们用这个来确定谋杀受害人的死亡时间。
Your brain continues to try to revive the body long after the heart has stopped. In some cases 30 hours later there has been found brain activity trying to make repairs to bring the body back. This is used to indicate time of death in murder victims.
在心脏停止跳动之后很长时间，你的大脑都会不断尝试复活你的身体。在某些情况下，在死亡30小时之后人们仍然会发现尝试进行修补、让身体重新正常运作的脑部活动。人们用这个来确定谋杀受害人的死亡时间。
‐-------------- EDIT: Upon research I should clarify, the brain survives after the heart stops for several minutes, however electroencephalomagnetic (EEG) brain activity continues for not only 30 hours but in some cases up to 72 hours after brain death.
编辑：在研究之后我应该澄清一下，心脏停止跳动之后的几分钟内大脑还可以存活，然而通过脑电图测量的脑部活动不仅可以延续至死后30小时，甚至在某些案例中可以延续到死后72小时。
编辑：在研究之后我应该澄清一下，心脏停止跳动之后的几分钟内大脑还可以存活，然而通过脑电图测量的脑部活动不仅可以延续至死后30小时，甚至在某些案例中可以延续到死后72小时。
Amapel
This makes me very uncomfortable in an existential way.
在某种存在性的意义上这个知识让我非常不舒服。
This makes me very uncomfortable in an existential way.
在某种存在性的意义上这个知识让我非常不舒服。
OF_AmericasGoddess
Some people have inner monologue. Some don’t.
有些人有内心独白。有些人没有。
Some people have inner monologue. Some don’t.
有些人有内心独白。有些人没有。
insertcaffeine
According to my teenage son, people without internal monologues "think in pictures or scenes, but not actual words."
根据我儿子的说法，那些没有内心独白的人“会用图画或场景，而不是具体的文字去思考。”
According to my teenage son, people without internal monologues "think in pictures or scenes, but not actual words."
根据我儿子的说法，那些没有内心独白的人“会用图画或场景，而不是具体的文字去思考。”
He doesn't have an internal monologue.
他就没有内心独白。
他就没有内心独白。
I do, and mine won't shut up. It's like a news ticker of my to-do list and my worries and conversations I need to have.
我有，并且我的根本停不下来。那就像是一个待办事件列表的提醒，还有我担心的事情，还有我需要进行的对话。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
我有，并且我的根本停不下来。那就像是一个待办事件列表的提醒，还有我担心的事情，还有我需要进行的对话。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
thundermuffin54
Most reflexes never make it to your brain. The sensory aspect travels to the spinal cord and the spinal cord itself sends the muscle movement signals to your limbs.
绝大多数反射永远都不会传导到你的大脑，感受信号在传导到脊髓之后，脊髓自己就会将肌肉运动信号发送到四肢。
Most reflexes never make it to your brain. The sensory aspect travels to the spinal cord and the spinal cord itself sends the muscle movement signals to your limbs.
绝大多数反射永远都不会传导到你的大脑，感受信号在传导到脊髓之后，脊髓自己就会将肌肉运动信号发送到四肢。
guto8797
Prime example: touching a hot stovetop by accident and withdrawing your hand so fast that by the time you even feel the burn, the hand is far away
很好的例子：不小心碰到滚烫的煤气灶之后，你收回自己的手的速度快到当你感到烫伤的时候，你的手已经撤开很远了。
Prime example: touching a hot stovetop by accident and withdrawing your hand so fast that by the time you even feel the burn, the hand is far away
很好的例子：不小心碰到滚烫的煤气灶之后，你收回自己的手的速度快到当你感到烫伤的时候，你的手已经撤开很远了。
TexasPatrick
Humans are one of a few species of mammal that oddly don't produce their own vitamin C due to lack of a certain enzyme. Other mammalian species who exhibit this mutation are those contained in the main primate suborder Haplorhinni (monkeys, apes, tarsiers), as well as bats, capybaras, and guinea pigs.
人类是哺乳动物中少数由于缺乏特定的酶而无法自行产生维生素C的动物之一。其他呈现出这种变异的哺乳动物是灵长类的主要亚目，类人猿亚目的成员（猴子，猿猴，眼镜猴等等），以及蝙蝠，水豚和天竺鼠等。
Humans are one of a few species of mammal that oddly don't produce their own vitamin C due to lack of a certain enzyme. Other mammalian species who exhibit this mutation are those contained in the main primate suborder Haplorhinni (monkeys, apes, tarsiers), as well as bats, capybaras, and guinea pigs.
人类是哺乳动物中少数由于缺乏特定的酶而无法自行产生维生素C的动物之一。其他呈现出这种变异的哺乳动物是灵长类的主要亚目，类人猿亚目的成员（猴子，猿猴，眼镜猴等等），以及蝙蝠，水豚和天竺鼠等。
All other mammals produce vitamin C in the liver.
其他所有哺乳动物都能在肝脏中制造维生素C。
其他所有哺乳动物都能在肝脏中制造维生素C。
insomniac_observer
30% of body waste is excreted via skin
代谢废物的30%经由皮肤排放
30% of body waste is excreted via skin
代谢废物的30%经由皮肤排放
localhelic0pter7
People who live in "extreme" conditions for generations adapt in extreme ways. For example people that live in high elevations often have larger lungs and different blood makeup. Or my favorite is the Bajau people that live on the water and spend a lot of their time diving, their spleens have become 50% larger in order to store more blood.
那些几代都生活在“极端”环境的人类会用极端的方式来适应环境。比如那些生活在高海拔地区的人们通常都有更大的肺和不同的血液成分。我最喜欢的是在水上生活的巴瑶族，他们的人生有大部分时间都在潜水，为了储存更多的血液，他们的脾脏增大了50%。
People who live in "extreme" conditions for generations adapt in extreme ways. For example people that live in high elevations often have larger lungs and different blood makeup. Or my favorite is the Bajau people that live on the water and spend a lot of their time diving, their spleens have become 50% larger in order to store more blood.
那些几代都生活在“极端”环境的人类会用极端的方式来适应环境。比如那些生活在高海拔地区的人们通常都有更大的肺和不同的血液成分。我最喜欢的是在水上生活的巴瑶族，他们的人生有大部分时间都在潜水，为了储存更多的血液，他们的脾脏增大了50%。
grenudist
When you get conditioned to physical activity, your circulatory system adapts -- more blood, more vessels, more blood cells. But your lungs really don't. This is because no matter how much blood your heart is able to deliver to your lungs, the lungs still have no problem oxygenating it. This is why your oxygen saturation doesn't drop during exercise (unless you have a heart defect.)
当你适应某种体育运动的时候，你的循环系统会做出相应的改变——血液更多，血管更多，血细胞更多。但你的肺却真的不会发生变化。这是因为无论你的心脏能往肺里输送多少血液，你的肺都能毫无问题地向血液输送氧气。所以你的血氧浓度即使在锻炼期间也不会下降（除非你的心脏有缺陷）。
When you get conditioned to physical activity, your circulatory system adapts -- more blood, more vessels, more blood cells. But your lungs really don't. This is because no matter how much blood your heart is able to deliver to your lungs, the lungs still have no problem oxygenating it. This is why your oxygen saturation doesn't drop during exercise (unless you have a heart defect.)
当你适应某种体育运动的时候，你的循环系统会做出相应的改变——血液更多，血管更多，血细胞更多。但你的肺却真的不会发生变化。这是因为无论你的心脏能往肺里输送多少血液，你的肺都能毫无问题地向血液输送氧气。所以你的血氧浓度即使在锻炼期间也不会下降（除非你的心脏有缺陷）。
EDIT: Thanks to the actual professional in the field, who I quote below:
编辑：感谢相关领域的专家补充，我引用一下：
编辑：感谢相关领域的专家补充，我引用一下：
Elite endurance athletes CAN push themselves hard enough to the point of creating noticeable oxygen desaturation during bouts of maximal intensity exercise. This is largely due to three factors, the first being the massive venous blood return, the second being large cardiac chamber filling, and the third being HIGH heart rates during this maximal intensity. These elite athletes are able to pump such large volumes of blood per beat that the "deoxygenated" blood isn't spending enough time in the lungs to become saturated to a typical 96-98%.
顶尖的耐久型运动员可以把自己的身体逼到在极限强度的运动中产生显著的血氧不饱和。这基本上是三个原因导致的，第一是静脉血的大量回流，第二是变大了的心室容积，第三是在最大强度运动中极高的心率。这些顶尖运动员每次心脏跳动能够泵出的血液体积大到“缺氧”的血液无法在肺里停留足够的时间使得血氧浓度饱和到通常的96-98%水平。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
顶尖的耐久型运动员可以把自己的身体逼到在极限强度的运动中产生显著的血氧不饱和。这基本上是三个原因导致的，第一是静脉血的大量回流，第二是变大了的心室容积，第三是在最大强度运动中极高的心率。这些顶尖运动员每次心脏跳动能够泵出的血液体积大到“缺氧”的血液无法在肺里停留足够的时间使得血氧浓度饱和到通常的96-98%水平。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
fatincomingvirus
Is that why regardless of how much I exercise I can't go up a flight of stairs without huffing and puffing?
是因为这个所以我无论做多少运动上楼梯都照样会呼哧带喘吗？
Is that why regardless of how much I exercise I can't go up a flight of stairs without huffing and puffing?
是因为这个所以我无论做多少运动上楼梯都照样会呼哧带喘吗？
seriousnotshirley
No. It’s because stairs are really hard. If you compute the amount of power necessary to climb stairs for most Americans it’s roughly the same power that Tour de France cyclists spend most of the day riding at.
不，这是因为爬楼梯真的很困难。假如你计算一下大多数美国人上楼梯时的功率，这基本上和环法自行车赛手每天骑车时的功率是同一个水平。
No. It’s because stairs are really hard. If you compute the amount of power necessary to climb stairs for most Americans it’s roughly the same power that Tour de France cyclists spend most of the day riding at.
不，这是因为爬楼梯真的很困难。假如你计算一下大多数美国人上楼梯时的功率，这基本上和环法自行车赛手每天骑车时的功率是同一个水平。
Most untrained people will ride a bike at less than half that power. You’ve got to really work at getting to the point that you can climb stairs without huffing and puffing and work really hard to do that for more than a few flights of stairs.
绝大多数没有受过训练的人骑单车的时候都只能输出不到一半的功率。你得非常努力地训练，才能上楼梯不传奇，并且假如你要多上几级楼梯的话还要更努力。
绝大多数没有受过训练的人骑单车的时候都只能输出不到一半的功率。你得非常努力地训练，才能上楼梯不传奇，并且假如你要多上几级楼梯的话还要更努力。
The adaptations you need are increased heart strength so that you’re pushing more blood easily and you need need improved vascularization in the leg muscles to get blood to the muscles faster and increased mitochondria in the muscles to make use of that extra oxygen the blood is delivering. Beyond that it also helps to have improved fat metsbolism from doing Kong endurance exercise so you’re able to use fat rather than carbs as an energy source for more than a flight or two of stairs.
你需要做出的适应包括心脏能力的增强，这样你就可以更轻松地泵出更多血液，你的腿部肌肉也需要更多血管，让血液流经肌肉的速度变快，以及肌肉细胞中的线粒体变多，以利用血液输送的额外氧气。除此之外你也可以通过做持久训练来改善脂肪的新陈代谢，这样你在上楼梯的时候就可以利用脂肪而不是糖来作为能量来源。
你需要做出的适应包括心脏能力的增强，这样你就可以更轻松地泵出更多血液，你的腿部肌肉也需要更多血管，让血液流经肌肉的速度变快，以及肌肉细胞中的线粒体变多，以利用血液输送的额外氧气。除此之外你也可以通过做持久训练来改善脂肪的新陈代谢，这样你在上楼梯的时候就可以利用脂肪而不是糖来作为能量来源。
Im when I still went to an office I’d climb 20 flights every morning and if I could two or three times a day. It wasn’t a cakewalk despite commuting 15 miles each way by bike every day to stay in shape.
我还在办公室上班的时候，每天早晨都要爬20段楼梯，每天爬两到三趟。尽管为了保持体型我每天都骑15英里的自行车，但对我来说这也不算轻松。
我还在办公室上班的时候，每天早晨都要爬20段楼梯，每天爬两到三趟。尽管为了保持体型我每天都骑15英里的自行车，但对我来说这也不算轻松。
Dickenmouf
I’ve been walking 40 stories and its incredibly discouraging how it doesn't get any easier. Like its only marginally easier now compared to two months ago. I still do it anyway because it’s helped my running endurance quite a bit.
我一直都在爬40级台阶，但我无论怎样都没办法让这个变得轻松一些，这让我感到无比丧气。就比起两个月以前只轻松了一点点。我仍然会接着坚持，因为这让我的跑步耐久能力变强了好多。
I’ve been walking 40 stories and its incredibly discouraging how it doesn't get any easier. Like its only marginally easier now compared to two months ago. I still do it anyway because it’s helped my running endurance quite a bit.
我一直都在爬40级台阶，但我无论怎样都没办法让这个变得轻松一些，这让我感到无比丧气。就比起两个月以前只轻松了一点点。我仍然会接着坚持，因为这让我的跑步耐久能力变强了好多。
seriousnotshirley
Yea, it’s the gradient that kills you, stairs are like a 50% to 60% gradient. For cycling at least a 12% gradient is considered hard and 20% is considered insane.
没错，杀死你的是坡度。台阶的坡度有50%-60%，而对于自行车骑手来说，12%的坡度已经很困难，而20%的坡度已经是变态了。
Yea, it’s the gradient that kills you, stairs are like a 50% to 60% gradient. For cycling at least a 12% gradient is considered hard and 20% is considered insane.
没错，杀死你的是坡度。台阶的坡度有50%-60%，而对于自行车骑手来说，12%的坡度已经很困难，而20%的坡度已经是变态了。
donja77
Um, wow. You must be in incredible shape. I did an online cardio the other day, and the trainer had us run up and down the stairs for 4 minutes.. to warm up! I was freaking exhausted, not warmed up!
嗯，哇哦。你现在的体型一定非常好。我前几天做过一次线上心肺训练，教练让我们上下爬楼梯爬了四分钟，只是为了热身！还热身，我都累屁了！
Um, wow. You must be in incredible shape. I did an online cardio the other day, and the trainer had us run up and down the stairs for 4 minutes.. to warm up! I was freaking exhausted, not warmed up!
嗯，哇哦。你现在的体型一定非常好。我前几天做过一次线上心肺训练，教练让我们上下爬楼梯爬了四分钟，只是为了热身！还热身，我都累屁了！
seriousnotshirley
I’m roughly low level amateur cyclist shape. When I’m in top shape I get to where I could probably compete at a mid level amateur.
我基本上是低级的业余自行车运动员水平。在我最强的时候我差不多能以中级业余运动员的身份去竞技。
I’m roughly low level amateur cyclist shape. When I’m in top shape I get to where I could probably compete at a mid level amateur.
我基本上是低级的业余自行车运动员水平。在我最强的时候我差不多能以中级业余运动员的身份去竞技。
That said running up and down the stairs is a while different world than walking. Four minutes running has me huffing too. The difference is that I probably recover quickly and can do it again and again.
话虽如此，上下跑楼梯和走路真的完全是两个世界。四分钟的跑步也会让我喘气。但区别是我或许能恢复得更快，并且能一遍又一遍地做。
话虽如此，上下跑楼梯和走路真的完全是两个世界。四分钟的跑步也会让我喘气。但区别是我或许能恢复得更快，并且能一遍又一遍地做。
That’s basically what some of my bike workouts are. Go hard for four minutes to the point I’m having trouble keeping control of my breath, go easy for four minutes then repeat 8 or 10 times.
基本上我的单车训练就是这样。高强度训练四分钟，到我无法控制自己的呼吸的程度，然后低强度四分钟，重复8-10次。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
基本上我的单车训练就是这样。高强度训练四分钟，到我无法控制自己的呼吸的程度，然后低强度四分钟，重复8-10次。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
You get into shape quickly if you keep at it.
假如你保持这样训练，你会很快健壮起来。
假如你保持这样训练，你会很快健壮起来。
eIImcxc
I'll grab this opportunity to ask a question I have had in my mind for a while.
我想抓住这个机会问一个困扰了我一段时间的问题。
I'll grab this opportunity to ask a question I have had in my mind for a while.
我想抓住这个机会问一个困扰了我一段时间的问题。
Is it weird that I'm the opposite? I can climb stairs and ladders pretty easily and feeling ok. Same for sprinting (100m) for example.
我正好相反，是很奇怪的事情吗？我可以非常轻松地爬楼梯和梯子，感觉没什么事。冲刺跑（100m）也一样。
我正好相反，是很奇怪的事情吗？我可以非常轻松地爬楼梯和梯子，感觉没什么事。冲刺跑（100m）也一样。
But when I jog I hate it so damn much. Can't jog for 5 or 10mins without feeling like I'm about to die.
但慢跑的时候我真的太难受了。连跑5到10分钟都做不到，感觉我要死了。
但慢跑的时候我真的太难受了。连跑5到10分钟都做不到，感觉我要死了。
seriousnotshirley
Endurance work is a totally different beast from short efforts that can be done from anerobic energy and everyone has a different balance and they need to be trained separately.
持久训练和短暂的爆发训练是完全不同的，因为后者可以用无氧能量达成，并且每个人在这两者之间的平衡都不相同，需要区分训练。
Endurance work is a totally different beast from short efforts that can be done from anerobic energy and everyone has a different balance and they need to be trained separately.
持久训练和短暂的爆发训练是完全不同的，因为后者可以用无氧能量达成，并且每个人在这两者之间的平衡都不相同，需要区分训练。
For example, there are two great pro cyclists recently that are totally different. One is former World Champion Peter Sagan. He has a super powerful sprint. He can put out 1500 watts in his sprints at the end of a day of cycling. Think about that, he can power a large microwave and have power to spare.
举个例子，最近有两位伟大的专业自行车运动员，他们的区分非常大。一位是前世界冠军彼得·萨甘。他在每天赛段末尾冲刺时可以输出1500瓦的功率。好好想想，他甚至可以给一个大微波炉供电，甚至还有余力。
举个例子，最近有两位伟大的专业自行车运动员，他们的区分非常大。一位是前世界冠军彼得·萨甘。他在每天赛段末尾冲刺时可以输出1500瓦的功率。好好想想，他甚至可以给一个大微波炉供电，甚至还有余力。
Another cyclist, Tour de France winner Chris Froom, sprints at like 850 watts. Even I can sprint harder than that as can many amaterur. On the other hand he can put out like 380 watts for 30+ minutes in the middle of a bike race to break away from the pack and keep riding hard the rest of the day. I can do 380 watts for maybe 70 seconds then I’m wiped out for quite a while.
另一位运动员，环法冠军克里斯·弗鲁姆，冲刺时的功率是850瓦左右。就算是我在冲刺时也可以输出比这个更高的功率，其他很多业余运动员也是如此。但另一方面，他为了冲出车群，可以在赛段中间以380瓦的功率骑行30分钟以上，并且一天都这么骑下去。我或许能以380瓦骑70分钟，然后我就得有好一阵子骑不动了。
另一位运动员，环法冠军克里斯·弗鲁姆，冲刺时的功率是850瓦左右。就算是我在冲刺时也可以输出比这个更高的功率，其他很多业余运动员也是如此。但另一方面，他为了冲出车群，可以在赛段中间以380瓦的功率骑行30分钟以上，并且一天都这么骑下去。我或许能以380瓦骑70分钟，然后我就得有好一阵子骑不动了。
You may have great anaerobic strength to do those short efforts without noticing anaerobically but your aerobic fitness may not be there, so once your anaerobic stores are burned up you’re toast.
你或许有很强大的无氧能量，所以你可以完成这些短时间爆发运动，并且感觉不到什么，但是你的有氧强度或许不够用，因此当你无氧积累的能量用完之后你就完了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
你或许有很强大的无氧能量，所以你可以完成这些短时间爆发运动，并且感觉不到什么，但是你的有氧强度或许不够用，因此当你无氧积累的能量用完之后你就完了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
When I started cycling I was a wreck. 30 minutes at like 10 or 12 MPH had me unable to walk up stairs. Now I’m shooting for 6 hours at about 17 MPH; but it took a lot of training.
我一开始汽车的时候就是个废物。10-12英里每小时骑半小时我就上不动楼了。现在我在努力以17英里每小时的速度骑行6小时，但这需要大量的训练。
我一开始汽车的时候就是个废物。10-12英里每小时骑半小时我就上不动楼了。现在我在努力以17英里每小时的速度骑行6小时，但这需要大量的训练。
Also, I hate running and love cycling because it’s a lot easier to keep going on a bike when it’s difficult than to keep running; at least that’s my experiences
还有，我讨厌跑步但是我喜欢骑单车，因为在单车上坚持动下去要比跑步轻松太多了；至少我的经历是这样。
还有，我讨厌跑步但是我喜欢骑单车，因为在单车上坚持动下去要比跑步轻松太多了；至少我的经历是这样。
dhanushan75
Tldr: talked about different muscle types and different endurance training.
太长不看：聊聊不同的肌肉种类和不同类型的耐久训练。
Tldr: talked about different muscle types and different endurance training.
太长不看：聊聊不同的肌肉种类和不同类型的耐久训练。
Long read so bear with me on this one boys *
有点长所以请忍一下伙计们
有点长所以请忍一下伙计们
I think you should look into your muscle type. To ELI5 : there are generally two types of muscle, a fast twitching muscle and a slow twitching muscle.
我想你应该研究一下自己的肌肉种类。简单科普：肌肉分两种，一种是快速收缩型，一种是慢速收缩型。
我想你应该研究一下自己的肌肉种类。简单科普：肌肉分两种，一种是快速收缩型，一种是慢速收缩型。
The characteristics of a fast twitching muscle is that it can generate a lot of power and speed. It can expand and contract a lot faster. But the think with fast twitching muscle is that they consume a lot of energy to do this. A slow twitching muscle on the other hand is the opposite, it can't produce as much as power nor speed as a fast twitching muscle but it consumes less energy
快速收缩型肌肉的特点是能够输出大量功率和速度。它可以收缩、舒张得很快。但它需要大量的能量。慢速收缩型肌肉与之相反，它不能输出这么多能量和速度，但也消耗更少的能量。
快速收缩型肌肉的特点是能够输出大量功率和速度。它可以收缩、舒张得很快。但它需要大量的能量。慢速收缩型肌肉与之相反，它不能输出这么多能量和速度，但也消耗更少的能量。
Now there are two type of respiration. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration is where you breakdown the fat or carbs in your body to convert it into energy. They use oxygen to breakdown the fat and the waste generated is carbon dioxide. Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen for the fat breakdown instead uses carbon dioxide and the waste is lactic acid.
呼吸也分两种。有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸。有氧呼吸是分解你身体内的脂肪和碳水，把它转变成能量。这种呼吸利用氧气来分解脂肪，生成的废物是二氧化碳。无氧呼吸不会利用氧气分解脂肪，但它会利用二氧化碳，代谢废物是乳酸。
呼吸也分两种。有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸。有氧呼吸是分解你身体内的脂肪和碳水，把它转变成能量。这种呼吸利用氧气来分解脂肪，生成的废物是二氧化碳。无氧呼吸不会利用氧气分解脂肪，但它会利用二氧化碳，代谢废物是乳酸。
Now when you have a fast twitching muscle, you can sprint at high speed relatively easily but during that sprint your body initially uses aerobic respiration but soon after when your heart cant keep up with the oxygen demand, your muscles shift to anaerobic respiration. And after certain level of lactic acid build up in your muscles it starts to fade away and keep up for long time.
那么假如你的肌肉是快速收缩型，你就可以相对轻松地快速冲刺，但在冲刺的时候你的身体会先使用有氧呼吸，但在你的心脏跟不上氧气需求的时候，你就会开始使用无氧呼吸。在你的肌肉积累了一定程度的乳酸之后，你的肌肉就会开始不听使唤，并且乳酸会在其中保存很长时间。
那么假如你的肌肉是快速收缩型，你就可以相对轻松地快速冲刺，但在冲刺的时候你的身体会先使用有氧呼吸，但在你的心脏跟不上氧气需求的时候，你就会开始使用无氧呼吸。在你的肌肉积累了一定程度的乳酸之后，你的肌肉就会开始不听使唤，并且乳酸会在其中保存很长时间。
But with slow twitching muscle oxygen demand is less and hence the muscle can use aerobic respiration for a long time. A hence can complete marathons or long distance runs
但慢速收缩型的肌肉对氧气的需求要少，因此肌肉可以使用有氧呼吸很长时间，因此可以完成马拉松或长距离跑步。
但慢速收缩型的肌肉对氧气的需求要少，因此肌肉可以使用有氧呼吸很长时间，因此可以完成马拉松或长距离跑步。
A simple exam would be to consider a dodge car and a Prius. In order to travel to 1000 km, the dodge can cover the distance faster but has to stop quite often to refuel. But the Prius on the other hand doesnt have to stop often for fuel as it's efficiency is quite high but the drawback is it takes longer time
举个简单的例子，道奇和普锐斯。同样是开1000公里，道奇跑得要更快，但得经常停下加油。普锐斯不用经常停下来加油，因为燃油效率很高，但它需要开更久。
举个简单的例子，道奇和普锐斯。同样是开1000公里，道奇跑得要更快，但得经常停下加油。普锐斯不用经常停下来加油，因为燃油效率很高，但它需要开更久。
From what you say i think your muscles could be fast twitch (not a professional uation just my two cents) hence why you can't keep up with long distance runs.
根据你所说的，我认为你的肌肉或许是快速收缩型（不是专业评估，只是我的半瓶水建议），因此你长跑跟不下来。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
根据你所说的，我认为你的肌肉或许是快速收缩型（不是专业评估，只是我的半瓶水建议），因此你长跑跟不下来。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
What you need to know when it comes to endurance there are tow ways to train for it. One is the usual jog a long distance like 3km. During this jog the heart beat starts at 90 but soon will be at 150-160 for a long time. The peak would be 170. The steady heartbeat for 150-160 without break keeps your heart at good condition. Remeber the heart is a muscle and like every other muscle the more you exercise the more it gets better. Personally when I jog my heart beat starts at 100 for a minute and it rises to 160-170 where it maintains that pace, occasionally peaks at 180 and maintains this till the end. The other type of endurance training is where you sprint for a short distance say 300m at max speed and then jog or walk for a short distance and repeat this in cycles. This is done to raise your lactic acid tolerance. When you sprint at high speed you body switches to anaerobic and lactic acid builds up in your muscle. But by joging it lets your muscle to expel the lactic acid build. But repeating this in cycles your muscle are forced to operate at high lactic acid build up state but by giving it time in the middle, your muscles don't have to over do and exceed the limit. This in turn raises you muscles lactic acid tolerance level.
你需要知道的是，训练耐久可以有两种方式。第一种是通常的长距离慢跑，跑3公里左右。在慢跑期间你的心率会从90开始，在150-160的程度保持很长时间。顶峰会是170.没有休息的、稳定的150-160水平的心率可以让你的心脏保持在健康的水平。记住，心脏也是一块肌肉，和其他肌肉一样，你锻炼得越多，它就越健康。我个人跑步的时候心率从100开始，一分钟后就会上升到160-170，然后保持在这个水平，有时会上升到180，保持到终点。另一种训练是你以最高速度冲刺比如说300米的距离，然后慢跑或者走一段，这样循环。这种训练的目的是提高你的肌肉乳酸耐久度。当你高速冲刺时，你的身体会切换到无氧呼吸模式，乳酸会在你的肌肉中堆积。但通过慢跑，肌肉可以排放积累的乳酸。但循环这种过程会让你的肌肉不得不在在高速产生乳酸的状态下工作，但是因为中间有休息时间，所以肌肉不会过度积累乳酸、超过限制。这会提升你的肌肉的乳酸耐受度。
你需要知道的是，训练耐久可以有两种方式。第一种是通常的长距离慢跑，跑3公里左右。在慢跑期间你的心率会从90开始，在150-160的程度保持很长时间。顶峰会是170.没有休息的、稳定的150-160水平的心率可以让你的心脏保持在健康的水平。记住，心脏也是一块肌肉，和其他肌肉一样，你锻炼得越多，它就越健康。我个人跑步的时候心率从100开始，一分钟后就会上升到160-170，然后保持在这个水平，有时会上升到180，保持到终点。另一种训练是你以最高速度冲刺比如说300米的距离，然后慢跑或者走一段，这样循环。这种训练的目的是提高你的肌肉乳酸耐久度。当你高速冲刺时，你的身体会切换到无氧呼吸模式，乳酸会在你的肌肉中堆积。但通过慢跑，肌肉可以排放积累的乳酸。但循环这种过程会让你的肌肉不得不在在高速产生乳酸的状态下工作，但是因为中间有休息时间，所以肌肉不会过度积累乳酸、超过限制。这会提升你的肌肉的乳酸耐受度。
The way you seem to operate is that you have fast twitch muscle with has been well adjusted to the second type of endurance hence why the feeling that people are not "fit" as you can complete long distance runs not as relatively hard as you feel. But rest assured if the tables were turned you would probably smoke them.
你看上去是长了快速收缩型的肌肉，并且已经很好地适应了第二种耐久训练，所以那些看起来没有你那么健壮的人也能以比你轻松的程度跑完长跑。但放心，假如情况反过来，你很可能可以碾压他们。
你看上去是长了快速收缩型的肌肉，并且已经很好地适应了第二种耐久训练，所以那些看起来没有你那么健壮的人也能以比你轻松的程度跑完长跑。但放心，假如情况反过来，你很可能可以碾压他们。
Lipstick_On
Positive blood type women can have positive and negative blood type babies without issue. Negative blood type women require a shot with antibodies to prevent the mothers immune system from attacking the fetus if it is a positive blood type.
阳性血的女性怀阳性血和阴性血的孩子都没问题。阴性血的孩子需要接种抗体，这样假如胚胎是阳性血，抗体可以让母亲的免疫系统不去攻击胎儿。
Positive blood type women can have positive and negative blood type babies without issue. Negative blood type women require a shot with antibodies to prevent the mothers immune system from attacking the fetus if it is a positive blood type.
阳性血的女性怀阳性血和阴性血的孩子都没问题。阴性血的孩子需要接种抗体，这样假如胚胎是阳性血，抗体可以让母亲的免疫系统不去攻击胎儿。
BoozeMeUpScotty
And that’s why they prophylactically give you a Rhogam injection if you’ve got an Rh negative blood type and are pregnant, or even if you’re found to be miscarrying, are having an abortion, or anything else that could cause fetal blood to come in contact with your own blood. You’re actually more likely to have a reaction the second time you’re in contact with a positive blood type, so usually women with negative blood types have these issues in their later pregnancies.
所以假如你是Rh阴性血并且你怀孕了的话，他们会预防性地给你注射罗加姆蛋白，甚至你流产，打算打胎，或者可能发生任何导致胎儿血液和你自己的血液发生接触的事件的话也会如此。你在第二次接触阳性血之后更有可能发生免疫反应，所以阴性血的女性在二胎以后的孕期更有可能遇到这种问题。
And that’s why they prophylactically give you a Rhogam injection if you’ve got an Rh negative blood type and are pregnant, or even if you’re found to be miscarrying, are having an abortion, or anything else that could cause fetal blood to come in contact with your own blood. You’re actually more likely to have a reaction the second time you’re in contact with a positive blood type, so usually women with negative blood types have these issues in their later pregnancies.
所以假如你是Rh阴性血并且你怀孕了的话，他们会预防性地给你注射罗加姆蛋白，甚至你流产，打算打胎，或者可能发生任何导致胎儿血液和你自己的血液发生接触的事件的话也会如此。你在第二次接触阳性血之后更有可能发生免疫反应，所以阴性血的女性在二胎以后的孕期更有可能遇到这种问题。
And that’s also why, during a mass casualty event, O negative blood is prioritized for females—they may currently be pregnant, or they have a likelihood of becoming pregnant in the future.
这也是在大规模伤亡事件之后，O阴性血会优先向女性提供的原因——她们或许现在正在怀孕，或者未来有可能怀孕。
这也是在大规模伤亡事件之后，O阴性血会优先向女性提供的原因——她们或许现在正在怀孕，或者未来有可能怀孕。
O positive blood can be given with Rhogam to avoid a reaction in those who are Rh negative, but it has the least risk in males.
Rh阴性血携带者可以在接种O阳性血的同时接种罗加姆蛋白来避免发生免疫反应，但这种方法在男性身上风险最小。
Rh阴性血携带者可以在接种O阳性血的同时接种罗加姆蛋白来避免发生免疫反应，但这种方法在男性身上风险最小。
jaelIlii
Babys can break their collarbone during delivery. It happens quite often, but heals quickly. My teacher told me that (if it happened to you ofc) you may feel a slightly higher spot on your collarbone, called the callus where the fracture grew back together.
婴儿在出生时可能锁骨骨折。这种事经常发生，但是痊愈得很快。我老师告诉我（假如发生在了你的身上）你或许能在锁骨上摸到一块稍微隆起一点的地方，那是断裂的锁骨重新结合的地方。
Babys can break their collarbone during delivery. It happens quite often, but heals quickly. My teacher told me that (if it happened to you ofc) you may feel a slightly higher spot on your collarbone, called the callus where the fracture grew back together.
婴儿在出生时可能锁骨骨折。这种事经常发生，但是痊愈得很快。我老师告诉我（假如发生在了你的身上）你或许能在锁骨上摸到一块稍微隆起一点的地方，那是断裂的锁骨重新结合的地方。
Windshards2
Each one of your eyes has a blind spot where the optic nerve exit your eye into your brain. You can't see it because your brain tricks you not to see, it covers the spot with some made up image of what it thinks fits better with the rest of it.
你的每只眼睛都有一个盲点，那是眼部神经从眼睛进入大脑的位置。你发现不了这个忙点，因为你的大脑会骗你，大脑会制造一些它觉得放在那里合适的图像来把那个忙点掩盖起来。
Each one of your eyes has a blind spot where the optic nerve exit your eye into your brain. You can't see it because your brain tricks you not to see, it covers the spot with some made up image of what it thinks fits better with the rest of it.
你的每只眼睛都有一个盲点，那是眼部神经从眼睛进入大脑的位置。你发现不了这个忙点，因为你的大脑会骗你，大脑会制造一些它觉得放在那里合适的图像来把那个忙点掩盖起来。
Wurdan
The sensation of suffocating isn’t caused by the thing that actually kills you. You’ll die from a lack of oxygen, but the feeling of suffocation is the result of being unable to exhale carbon dioxide. So if you started breathing in pure nitrogen while being able to exhale normally, you would pass out and die without ever feeling like you were suffocating. This also explains why some languages call nitrogen something like ‘suffocation gas’.
窒息感不是由真正杀死你的东西导致的。你会死于缺氧，但你的窒息感是因为你无法呼出二氧化碳。所以假如你呼吸纯氮气，并且可以自由呼气，你会晕过去，死掉，并且根本感觉不到窒息。这也可以解释为什么在某些语言中氮气的意思是“窒息气体”。
The sensation of suffocating isn’t caused by the thing that actually kills you. You’ll die from a lack of oxygen, but the feeling of suffocation is the result of being unable to exhale carbon dioxide. So if you started breathing in pure nitrogen while being able to exhale normally, you would pass out and die without ever feeling like you were suffocating. This also explains why some languages call nitrogen something like ‘suffocation gas’.
窒息感不是由真正杀死你的东西导致的。你会死于缺氧，但你的窒息感是因为你无法呼出二氧化碳。所以假如你呼吸纯氮气，并且可以自由呼气，你会晕过去，死掉，并且根本感觉不到窒息。这也可以解释为什么在某些语言中氮气的意思是“窒息气体”。
Inner_Inspection6408
Humans have, on average, just as many hairs on their body as chimpanzees, human hair is just a lot shorter and finer.
平均上来说，人类身体上的毛发和黑猩猩一样多。只是人类的毛发更短也更细。
Humans have, on average, just as many hairs on their body as chimpanzees, human hair is just a lot shorter and finer.
平均上来说，人类身体上的毛发和黑猩猩一样多。只是人类的毛发更短也更细。
cheesefondue
“ Humans have, on average, just as many hairs on their body as chimpanzees.” false. I have zero chimpanzees on my body
“平均上来说，人类身体上的毛发和黑猩猩一样多。”假的。我身体上一只黑猩猩也没有。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
“ Humans have, on average, just as many hairs on their body as chimpanzees.” false. I have zero chimpanzees on my body
“平均上来说，人类身体上的毛发和黑猩猩一样多。”假的。我身体上一只黑猩猩也没有。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Crackracket
In theory humans could breathe a liquid if it was super saturated with oxygen. It wouldn't be easy because the density of liquid being so much higher than air so after 15 mins or so you would be too fatigued to continue breathing.
理论上人类可以在液体中呼吸，只要这种液体能超级饱和地溶解氧气。达到这点并不简单，因为液体的密度比空气要大太多，所以15分钟之后，你就会累得无法继续呼吸下去。
In theory humans could breathe a liquid if it was super saturated with oxygen. It wouldn't be easy because the density of liquid being so much higher than air so after 15 mins or so you would be too fatigued to continue breathing.
理论上人类可以在液体中呼吸，只要这种液体能超级饱和地溶解氧气。达到这点并不简单，因为液体的密度比空气要大太多，所以15分钟之后，你就会累得无法继续呼吸下去。
The hardest part is getting all the liquid out of the lungs so the person doesn't get pneumonia
最困难的是在把这个人肺部的所有液体排出去的同时，让他不患肺炎。
最困难的是在把这个人肺部的所有液体排出去的同时，让他不患肺炎。
rock374
There’re is such a liquid. It is called perflourocarbon. It has proposed uses in diving, space travel, medical treatments and torture
有这种液体，叫做过氟化碳。在潜水、太空旅行、医疗和刑讯逼供上都有应用前景。
There’re is such a liquid. It is called perflourocarbon. It has proposed uses in diving, space travel, medical treatments and torture
有这种液体，叫做过氟化碳。在潜水、太空旅行、医疗和刑讯逼供上都有应用前景。
Matrozi
You can live "normally" with half your brain. In some severe drug resistant epileptic syndrom in young kids, the only option to stop the seizures is to remove a complete brain hemisphere.
你就算只有一半脑子也可以“正常”生活。在某些得了严重的抗药性癫痫综合征的孩子身上，阻止发病的唯一办法就是摘除完整的脑半球。
You can live "normally" with half your brain. In some severe drug resistant epileptic syndrom in young kids, the only option to stop the seizures is to remove a complete brain hemisphere.
你就算只有一半脑子也可以“正常”生活。在某些得了严重的抗药性癫痫综合征的孩子身上，阻止发病的唯一办法就是摘除完整的脑半球。
After a while, with proper reeducation and all, the children can go on to have a normal life without cognitive deficit. They will have a limping, blindness from one eye and a very weark arm but can lead a normal life and not end up cognitively impaired.
在过一阵子之后，经过适当的再教育等行为之后，孩子们可以在没有认知缺陷的情况下继续生活。他们或许会瘸一条腿，会单目失明，会有一条胳膊使不上劲，但他们仍然能过正常的生活，并且在认知上不会受到损伤。
在过一阵子之后，经过适当的再教育等行为之后，孩子们可以在没有认知缺陷的情况下继续生活。他们或许会瘸一条腿，会单目失明，会有一条胳膊使不上劲，但他们仍然能过正常的生活，并且在认知上不会受到损伤。
One of the earliest sign of alzheimer's disease, before the memory loss, could be the loss of the sense of smell. It's also the case with Parkinson disease.
阿尔兹海默症最早的迹象，发生在记忆受损之前，可以是嗅觉的失灵。帕金森症也是如此。
阿尔兹海默症最早的迹象，发生在记忆受损之前，可以是嗅觉的失灵。帕金森症也是如此。
Our brain looks wrinkled because it is actually "folded" inside our skull in order to fit a maximum of surface and thus neurons & cell communications. Some animals like rodents have a completely smooth brain.
我们的大脑看起来皱皱的，是因为它为了表面积和神经元、细胞的交流最大化，在我们的大脑里“折叠”了。某些动物，例如啮齿类，它们的大脑是完全平滑的。
我们的大脑看起来皱皱的，是因为它为了表面积和神经元、细胞的交流最大化，在我们的大脑里“折叠”了。某些动物，例如啮齿类，它们的大脑是完全平滑的。
e1021
Every minute you shed over 30,000 dead skin cells off your body
每分钟你都会把超过30000个死掉的上皮细胞从你身上甩下去。
Every minute you shed over 30,000 dead skin cells off your body
每分钟你都会把超过30000个死掉的上皮细胞从你身上甩下去。
felipebsr
The surface area of the lungs is about the same size as a tennis court
肺的表面积大抵和网球场相当。
The surface area of the lungs is about the same size as a tennis court
肺的表面积大抵和网球场相当。
elmonstro12345
That's crazy. Although it does explain how it can transfer O2 and CO2 so fast.
这真疯狂。但确实能解释肺为什么可以如此快速地交换氧气和二氧化碳。
That's crazy. Although it does explain how it can transfer O2 and CO2 so fast.
这真疯狂。但确实能解释肺为什么可以如此快速地交换氧气和二氧化碳。
AvailableUsername404
Because many people imagine lungs as 'balloons' while it's more like sponge. That's how you get a lot of area. A lot of very long tunnels. And then your lung surface area is sum of all those tunnels inner surface.
因为很多人把肺想象成“气球”，但其实它更像是海绵，这样你才能获得更大的表面积。很多非常长的隧道。肺的表面积就是所有这些隧道的内表面的总和。
Because many people imagine lungs as 'balloons' while it's more like sponge. That's how you get a lot of area. A lot of very long tunnels. And then your lung surface area is sum of all those tunnels inner surface.
因为很多人把肺想象成“气球”，但其实它更像是海绵，这样你才能获得更大的表面积。很多非常长的隧道。肺的表面积就是所有这些隧道的内表面的总和。
SpartanZeroOn3
Swallowing has a cooldown
吞咽是有CD的。
Swallowing has a cooldown
吞咽是有CD的。
Dysiak
I tried doing it really fast and I started choke-coughing and now people in my office are asking me if I'm okay.
我试了一下非常快速地吞咽，然后我呛得咳嗽了，现在办公室的人都在问我发生甚么事了。
I tried doing it really fast and I started choke-coughing and now people in my office are asking me if I'm okay.
我试了一下非常快速地吞咽，然后我呛得咳嗽了，现在办公室的人都在问我发生甚么事了。
Altazaar
WHAT THE FUCK! DO WHAT IM TELLING YOU BODY
他娘的！照我说的做，身体！
WHAT THE FUCK! DO WHAT IM TELLING YOU BODY
他娘的！照我说的做，身体！
Stolen_Colgater
Unfortunately, if the body listened to us we would all die very very fast
不幸的是假如身体真的听我们的话，我们都会死得非常非常快。
Unfortunately, if the body listened to us we would all die very very fast
不幸的是假如身体真的听我们的话，我们都会死得非常非常快。
IamaJarJar
When doing surgery were the doctors have to take out some organs, when placing them back, they dont have to be put back In the exact position there meant to be, your body kind of just, moves the organs into the correct position after the surgery
做手术的时候，假如医生们需要把某些器官取出来，当他们把器官放回去的时候，他们不会按照原本的确切的位置放回去，你的身体会在手术后把器官就自己挪回正确的位置上。
When doing surgery were the doctors have to take out some organs, when placing them back, they dont have to be put back In the exact position there meant to be, your body kind of just, moves the organs into the correct position after the surgery
做手术的时候，假如医生们需要把某些器官取出来，当他们把器官放回去的时候，他们不会按照原本的确切的位置放回去，你的身体会在手术后把器官就自己挪回正确的位置上。
DocHoss
I saw a doctor wipe off my wife's uterus with a rag like a mechanic cleaning off a piston before shoving it back into her like it was a pillow going into her pillow case (I.e. Body).
我曾经见识过一个医生用一块布把我妻子的子宫擦干净，就像机械师擦活塞一样，然后他又把子宫塞回她肚子里，就像把枕芯塞到枕头套里那样。
I saw a doctor wipe off my wife's uterus with a rag like a mechanic cleaning off a piston before shoving it back into her like it was a pillow going into her pillow case (I.e. Body).
我曾经见识过一个医生用一块布把我妻子的子宫擦干净，就像机械师擦活塞一样，然后他又把子宫塞回她肚子里，就像把枕芯塞到枕头套里那样。
Cruithne
You can calm yourself down by splashing cold water on your face to trigger the mammalian diving reflex.
你可以往自己脸上拍凉水，触发哺乳动物的潜水反射来让自己冷静下来。
You can calm yourself down by splashing cold water on your face to trigger the mammalian diving reflex.
你可以往自己脸上拍凉水，触发哺乳动物的潜水反射来让自己冷静下来。
MoodyTeeth
Our brains make up, on average, around 2% of our body weight but consume 20% of our caloric intake
我们的大脑平均来说只占体重的2%，却会消耗卡路里摄入的20%
Our brains make up, on average, around 2% of our body weight but consume 20% of our caloric intake
我们的大脑平均来说只占体重的2%，却会消耗卡路里摄入的20%
yeronyms
So i need to think more to lose weight?
所以我为了减肥得多想点事儿？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
So i need to think more to lose weight?
所以我为了减肥得多想点事儿？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
spilledmind
So I’m skinny because I overthink everything?
所以我太瘦是因为想太多？
So I’m skinny because I overthink everything?
所以我太瘦是因为想太多？
that_doesnt_gothere
Synovial joint fluid is the most frictionless stuff on the planet (unless they've synthetic'ed something up that recently.)
关节滑液是这个星球上摩擦力最小的东西（除非他们最近合成了别的东西）
Synovial joint fluid is the most frictionless stuff on the planet (unless they've synthetic'ed something up that recently.)
关节滑液是这个星球上摩擦力最小的东西（除非他们最近合成了别的东西）
Radioactivocalypse
When my car door was squeaky with rust, I put some of my synovial joint fluids on the hinges and now it opens and closes perfectly.
当我的车门落满了灰嘎吱作响的时候，我只需要把我的关节滑液抹到铰链上，现在它就能完美地开合了。
When my car door was squeaky with rust, I put some of my synovial joint fluids on the hinges and now it opens and closes perfectly.
当我的车门落满了灰嘎吱作响的时候，我只需要把我的关节滑液抹到铰链上，现在它就能完美地开合了。
Now I just need to reattach my shoulder
我也只需要把肩膀再接上就行了
我也只需要把肩膀再接上就行了
Hattix
Your stomach is surrounded by more brain cells (half a billion neurons) than the brain of a cat contains in total.
你肚子里的脑细胞（五亿个神经元）比一只猫的大脑的所有细胞加起来还要多
Your stomach is surrounded by more brain cells (half a billion neurons) than the brain of a cat contains in total.
你肚子里的脑细胞（五亿个神经元）比一只猫的大脑的所有细胞加起来还要多
It's your enteric nervous system. It controls digestion, operates autonomously, has its own memory, can handle its own reflexes, it has its own senses even.
这是你的肠神经系统，它负责控制消化，能自动运行，有自己的记忆，可以处理自己的反射，甚至有自己的感觉。
这是你的肠神经系统，它负责控制消化，能自动运行，有自己的记忆，可以处理自己的反射，甚至有自己的感觉。
It's thought to have come about because of the blood-brain barrier and the main brain being locked away in the skull, a spinal column and nerves away from the critical action of nutrition.
有人认为它的形成可能是因为这个获取营养的关键地点距离大脑有一个血脑屏障，一个颅骨，一个脊椎和一大截神经那么远。
有人认为它的形成可能是因为这个获取营养的关键地点距离大脑有一个血脑屏障，一个颅骨，一个脊椎和一大截神经那么远。
Kribble118
So my stomach has it's own mind? Knew it wasn't my fault I was fat
所以我的胃有自己的想法？我就知道肥不是我的错。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
So my stomach has it's own mind? Knew it wasn't my fault I was fat
所以我的胃有自己的想法？我就知道肥不是我的错。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
MaskedNavajo
The human body typically only uses 30% of its muscle’s strength. The only times where your body will activate full power is when it’s life or death. The cost of full muscle power is torn muscles, broken bone, stress, and in some cases, lacerations.
人体通常只会用到肌肉力量的30%。肌肉能发挥全部力量的唯一状况就是生死关头。肌肉释放全力的代价是肌肉撕裂，骨折，压力，以及在某些情况下，伤口。
The human body typically only uses 30% of its muscle’s strength. The only times where your body will activate full power is when it’s life or death. The cost of full muscle power is torn muscles, broken bone, stress, and in some cases, lacerations.
人体通常只会用到肌肉力量的30%。肌肉能发挥全部力量的唯一状况就是生死关头。肌肉释放全力的代价是肌肉撕裂，骨折，压力，以及在某些情况下，伤口。
SlavicSquat1234
Your eyes have a separate immune system from the rest of your body and in a lot of occasions if your body's immune system finds your eyes, they will assume they are a foreign body and blind you.
你的眼睛的免疫系统和身体其余地方是分开的，因此在很多情况下假如你的身体的免疫系统发现了你的眼睛，他们会认为眼睛是外来物质，从而让你变瞎。
Your eyes have a separate immune system from the rest of your body and in a lot of occasions if your body's immune system finds your eyes, they will assume they are a foreign body and blind you.
你的眼睛的免疫系统和身体其余地方是分开的，因此在很多情况下假如你的身体的免疫系统发现了你的眼睛，他们会认为眼睛是外来物质，从而让你变瞎。
Havokpaintedwolf
the human bodies immune system is a twitchy redneck with a bad eye and a really big shotgun.
人体免疫系统就是个易怒的红脖儿，视力不太好，手里还拿着一杆巨大的霰弹枪。
the human bodies immune system is a twitchy redneck with a bad eye and a really big shotgun.
人体免疫系统就是个易怒的红脖儿，视力不太好，手里还拿着一杆巨大的霰弹枪。
CyberDagger
In fact, when you have a viral infection, most of the time it's not the virus itself that kills you. It's your immune system going so high on alx when the infection gets severe that it starts attacking your own organs as well desperately trying to destroy all of the virus.
事实上当你被病毒感染的时候，杀死你的通常都不是病毒本身。是你被感染得十分严重滞后，你的免疫系统警戒程度高到在破釜沉舟地消灭所有病毒的同时开始攻击你自己的器官。
In fact, when you have a viral infection, most of the time it's not the virus itself that kills you. It's your immune system going so high on alx when the infection gets severe that it starts attacking your own organs as well desperately trying to destroy all of the virus.
事实上当你被病毒感染的时候，杀死你的通常都不是病毒本身。是你被感染得十分严重滞后，你的免疫系统警戒程度高到在破釜沉舟地消灭所有病毒的同时开始攻击你自己的器官。
This is the case with our friend COVID-19. And in a bit of a tangent, bats having evolved to fly also resulted in them having a dampened inflammatory response, so they are commonly hosts to many viruses without showing any symptoms.
我们的好朋友新冠肺炎就是如此。说到新冠肺炎，蝙蝠进化出飞行的能力之也导致了更加麻木的免疫反应，所以他们会成为很多病毒的宿主，而它们本身不产生症状。
我们的好朋友新冠肺炎就是如此。说到新冠肺炎，蝙蝠进化出飞行的能力之也导致了更加麻木的免疫反应，所以他们会成为很多病毒的宿主，而它们本身不产生症状。
UniTheGunslinger
To be fair it's basically been at war since its birth
有一说一，免疫系统从出生以来就一直在打仗。
To be fair it's basically been at war since its birth
有一说一，免疫系统从出生以来就一直在打仗。
Acceptable_Inside_13
Certain types of eye injuries often result in the loss of both eyes since the injury to one eye sets off the immune response which kills the other.
某些种类的眼伤经常会导致双目失明，因为一只眼睛受的伤导致的免疫反应会把另一只眼睛也给干死。
Certain types of eye injuries often result in the loss of both eyes since the injury to one eye sets off the immune response which kills the other.
某些种类的眼伤经常会导致双目失明，因为一只眼睛受的伤导致的免疫反应会把另一只眼睛也给干死。
angry_centipede
The average adult has 22 square feet of skin. Perfect size for a nice rug.
成年人的皮肤面积平均为22平方英尺。完美适合一块地毯。
The average adult has 22 square feet of skin. Perfect size for a nice rug.
成年人的皮肤面积平均为22平方英尺。完美适合一块地毯。
setsail2
You actually need a few bodies for a nice rug because not every part of skin will come out nicely
但你想要坐一块好地毯的话其实需要不止一个尸体，因为并不是每部分皮肤都能很好看的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
You actually need a few bodies for a nice rug because not every part of skin will come out nicely
但你想要坐一块好地毯的话其实需要不止一个尸体，因为并不是每部分皮肤都能很好看的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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