优等生怎么学习(上)
正文翻译
How do top students study?
优等生怎么学习？
How do top students study?
优等生怎么学习？
评论翻译
Denise Eng, Biochemistry BSc King's College Ldn, Biomedical Sci MRes Imperial College Ldn
I am not a top student.
Yet at exam time at uni, my classmates would always be the ones asking me last minute questions regarding the topics. So I’d like to say that I had a measure of command of a topic, at least at university.
I must say that I really struggled to complete my studies (Both Bachelors and Masters) due to depression. That has coloured my experience and possibly why I did not do as well as I had. In secondary school and junior college (high school) I was not a top student. I was in one of the elite schools in Singapore. No matter how smart you are, a scholar will always do better. When you are at the top, it is immensely difficult to stay there (bottom of top 5% is still top 5%… but they make you feel terrible for being at the “bottom”).
Also, when you are in high school and university, you are a different person as you have matured. Don’t beat yourself up too hard for not being able to do more or be at the top. It’s not worth it and doesn’t define you. I’m not the smartest but carry two degrees from two of the best universities in the world.
Lots of people have written about attending classes and so on. So I’ll focus more on other things.
Study smart, not hard. There are strategies to employ to do as well as you can even if you are not at the top. Choose what suits you instead of copying all of these.
Know yourself and your study skills. Are you a visual/aural person? Do you learn best by writing? Talking? Singing? Do you feel your brain works best when you are walking outside? Do you like to draw? There is plenty of evidence that handwritten notes are better than typewritten notes for remembering a topic. But if your writing sucks, then.. My point is, find what works for you. Pro tip: even if you remember best by writing. Don’t copy the whole textbook. It’s an admirable endeavour but I have seen my classmates do it and wonder why they didn’t do well.
丹尼斯·恩，英国国王学院生物化学学士，英国帝国理工学院生物医学科学博士。
我不是优等生。
然而在大学快要考试的时候，我的同学总是在考试前的最后一刻问我这个问题。通常，我想说，至少在大学里，我对某个科目是有一定的把握的。
我必须说，由于抑郁症，我真的很难完成我的学士和硕士的研究。这影响了我的经历，也可能这就是我没有表现得那么好的原因。在读中学和大专（高中）时我不是优等生。我曾在新加坡的一所精英学校上学。不管你有多聪明，总有一个学者总是会比你做得更好。当你处在顶端时，你会很难一直保持在那里（尽管顶端底部的5%依旧算作顶端中的5%，但是这也会让你为处于“底部”而感到恐慌）。
此外，当你在高中和大学时，因为你已经成熟了，所以你会变成一个和以前不同的人。不要因为自己做不到更多或是不能站在最高层而过于自责。这不值得你去这么想，这也不能定义你（就是差劲的）。我不是最聪明的，但我拥有世界上最好的两所大学的两个学位。
很多人都写过关于上课之类的东西。所以我的侧重点在一些其他的事情上。
聪明地学习，而不是努力学习。即使你不在最高层，也有一些策略可以让你尽你的全力去做到最好。选择适合你的，而不是抄袭所有的这些学习方法。
了解自己和你自己的学习技巧。你是一个善于观察的人还是一个更喜欢倾听的人呢？你的写作是你学得最好的课程吗？（你喜欢）说话？（还是喜欢）唱歌？当你在外面散步时，你觉得你的大脑工作得最好吗？你喜欢画画吗？有大量证据表明，手写笔记比电子笔记更能让人记住。但如果你的写作很烂，那么，我的意思是，去找到适合你的学习方法。专业提示：即使你通过手写笔记，对知识点的记忆是最好的，但是不要把整本教科书都抄下来。手写笔记真的很令人钦佩，我看到过我的同学这样做，但我不知道为什么他们做得不好。
I am not a top student.
Yet at exam time at uni, my classmates would always be the ones asking me last minute questions regarding the topics. So I’d like to say that I had a measure of command of a topic, at least at university.
I must say that I really struggled to complete my studies (Both Bachelors and Masters) due to depression. That has coloured my experience and possibly why I did not do as well as I had. In secondary school and junior college (high school) I was not a top student. I was in one of the elite schools in Singapore. No matter how smart you are, a scholar will always do better. When you are at the top, it is immensely difficult to stay there (bottom of top 5% is still top 5%… but they make you feel terrible for being at the “bottom”).
Also, when you are in high school and university, you are a different person as you have matured. Don’t beat yourself up too hard for not being able to do more or be at the top. It’s not worth it and doesn’t define you. I’m not the smartest but carry two degrees from two of the best universities in the world.
Lots of people have written about attending classes and so on. So I’ll focus more on other things.
Study smart, not hard. There are strategies to employ to do as well as you can even if you are not at the top. Choose what suits you instead of copying all of these.
Know yourself and your study skills. Are you a visual/aural person? Do you learn best by writing? Talking? Singing? Do you feel your brain works best when you are walking outside? Do you like to draw? There is plenty of evidence that handwritten notes are better than typewritten notes for remembering a topic. But if your writing sucks, then.. My point is, find what works for you. Pro tip: even if you remember best by writing. Don’t copy the whole textbook. It’s an admirable endeavour but I have seen my classmates do it and wonder why they didn’t do well.
丹尼斯·恩，英国国王学院生物化学学士，英国帝国理工学院生物医学科学博士。
我不是优等生。
然而在大学快要考试的时候，我的同学总是在考试前的最后一刻问我这个问题。通常，我想说，至少在大学里，我对某个科目是有一定的把握的。
我必须说，由于抑郁症，我真的很难完成我的学士和硕士的研究。这影响了我的经历，也可能这就是我没有表现得那么好的原因。在读中学和大专（高中）时我不是优等生。我曾在新加坡的一所精英学校上学。不管你有多聪明，总有一个学者总是会比你做得更好。当你处在顶端时，你会很难一直保持在那里（尽管顶端底部的5%依旧算作顶端中的5%，但是这也会让你为处于“底部”而感到恐慌）。
此外，当你在高中和大学时，因为你已经成熟了，所以你会变成一个和以前不同的人。不要因为自己做不到更多或是不能站在最高层而过于自责。这不值得你去这么想，这也不能定义你（就是差劲的）。我不是最聪明的，但我拥有世界上最好的两所大学的两个学位。
很多人都写过关于上课之类的东西。所以我的侧重点在一些其他的事情上。
聪明地学习，而不是努力学习。即使你不在最高层，也有一些策略可以让你尽你的全力去做到最好。选择适合你的，而不是抄袭所有的这些学习方法。
了解自己和你自己的学习技巧。你是一个善于观察的人还是一个更喜欢倾听的人呢？你的写作是你学得最好的课程吗？（你喜欢）说话？（还是喜欢）唱歌？当你在外面散步时，你觉得你的大脑工作得最好吗？你喜欢画画吗？有大量证据表明，手写笔记比电子笔记更能让人记住。但如果你的写作很烂，那么，我的意思是，去找到适合你的学习方法。专业提示：即使你通过手写笔记，对知识点的记忆是最好的，但是不要把整本教科书都抄下来。手写笔记真的很令人钦佩，我看到过我的同学这样做，但我不知道为什么他们做得不好。
Note-taking is a precious, precious skill. Once you hit on something that works for you - you’ve hit the jackpot. This skill will carry you in the rest of life.
By way of example: I’ve always been a bit of a pedantic idiot. I thought that notes were text only and that one should use limited colours so that you can immediately see what stands out. I thought that cartoons were too childish for notes. Obviously this is wrong! I loved drawing and it was actually really painful to keep my notes “clean” of drawings. You know what? After I allowed myself to do whatever the heck I wanted and *gasp* had fun taking notes, I did better! A picture says a thousand words, and I am a visual person. Glancing at a cartoon was so much better than reading a chunk of text for me.
Everyone is different. Why limit yourself to the same note-taking style?
Topic Summaries These things are your best friends. Try your best to summarise each chapter/topic on a single A4 sheet. Sounds hard? That’s where the learning is. By summarising a topic, you get a bird’s eye view of the chapter and it helps you see how everything fits together. Topic summaries are worth doing, and even doing again to revise. You’ll surprise yourself by being able to summarise a topic on a blank sheet of paper without once looking at the textbook. That’s like a “mini-exam” and how you know you understand something.
If you know you have some topics in the bag, and understand the grading structure - then get ready to do some math. By following the grading structure, you can more or less estimate how well you need to do for your weaker subjects. In this case, I’m talking about how to survive, not be at the top. By focusing on the best topics first, you can be sure to get as many marks as you can for those so that when averaged out with your worst scores, you won’t fall so badly.
记笔记是一项宝贵的技能。一旦你找到适合你的东西，你就会像是中了头奖一样。这项技能将使你终生受益。
举个例子：我一直是个有点迂腐的白痴。我认为笔记只是一些文本内容，我们应该用一些有颜色的彩笔（标记出重点），这样你就可以标记那些重点。我觉得用卡通的形式来做笔记太幼稚了。但显然这是错误的！我喜欢画画，实际上，让我笔记上的图画保持“干净”是非常痛苦的。你知道吗？当我允许自己做任何我想做的事，并且享受记笔记的乐趣之后，我做得更好了！一图胜千言，我是一个视觉化的人。对我来说，看一幅漫画比读一大段文字要好得多。
每个人都不一样。为什么要把自己限制在同样的笔记风格上？
这些东西是你最好的朋友。尽量在一张A4纸上总结每个章节/主题。这听起来很难？这就是我们需要学习的地方。通过总结一个主题，你可以对整个章节有一个大致的了解，这有助于你了解所有内容是如何结合在一起的。专题总结是很值得你去做的，你甚至可以再做一次修改。不用看课本，你就能在一张白纸上总结出一个话题，这会让你自己都大吃一惊。这就像是一个“迷你考试”，能让你明白你是否学懂了这些知识。
如果你知道了你掌握了哪些题目，并且理解了评分结构，那么就准备好做一些数学题吧。通过遵循评分的结构，你可以或多或少地估计出你需要为较弱的科目付出多少努力。在这种情况下，我说的是如何通过考试，而不是如何让你考到前列。先把注意力集中在最好做的题目上，你就一定能得到尽可能多的分数，这样最差的分数经过综合平均后，你就不会显得考那么惨了。
By way of example: I’ve always been a bit of a pedantic idiot. I thought that notes were text only and that one should use limited colours so that you can immediately see what stands out. I thought that cartoons were too childish for notes. Obviously this is wrong! I loved drawing and it was actually really painful to keep my notes “clean” of drawings. You know what? After I allowed myself to do whatever the heck I wanted and *gasp* had fun taking notes, I did better! A picture says a thousand words, and I am a visual person. Glancing at a cartoon was so much better than reading a chunk of text for me.
Everyone is different. Why limit yourself to the same note-taking style?
Topic Summaries These things are your best friends. Try your best to summarise each chapter/topic on a single A4 sheet. Sounds hard? That’s where the learning is. By summarising a topic, you get a bird’s eye view of the chapter and it helps you see how everything fits together. Topic summaries are worth doing, and even doing again to revise. You’ll surprise yourself by being able to summarise a topic on a blank sheet of paper without once looking at the textbook. That’s like a “mini-exam” and how you know you understand something.
If you know you have some topics in the bag, and understand the grading structure - then get ready to do some math. By following the grading structure, you can more or less estimate how well you need to do for your weaker subjects. In this case, I’m talking about how to survive, not be at the top. By focusing on the best topics first, you can be sure to get as many marks as you can for those so that when averaged out with your worst scores, you won’t fall so badly.
记笔记是一项宝贵的技能。一旦你找到适合你的东西，你就会像是中了头奖一样。这项技能将使你终生受益。
举个例子：我一直是个有点迂腐的白痴。我认为笔记只是一些文本内容，我们应该用一些有颜色的彩笔（标记出重点），这样你就可以标记那些重点。我觉得用卡通的形式来做笔记太幼稚了。但显然这是错误的！我喜欢画画，实际上，让我笔记上的图画保持“干净”是非常痛苦的。你知道吗？当我允许自己做任何我想做的事，并且享受记笔记的乐趣之后，我做得更好了！一图胜千言，我是一个视觉化的人。对我来说，看一幅漫画比读一大段文字要好得多。
每个人都不一样。为什么要把自己限制在同样的笔记风格上？
这些东西是你最好的朋友。尽量在一张A4纸上总结每个章节/主题。这听起来很难？这就是我们需要学习的地方。通过总结一个主题，你可以对整个章节有一个大致的了解，这有助于你了解所有内容是如何结合在一起的。专题总结是很值得你去做的，你甚至可以再做一次修改。不用看课本，你就能在一张白纸上总结出一个话题，这会让你自己都大吃一惊。这就像是一个“迷你考试”，能让你明白你是否学懂了这些知识。
如果你知道了你掌握了哪些题目，并且理解了评分结构，那么就准备好做一些数学题吧。通过遵循评分的结构，你可以或多或少地估计出你需要为较弱的科目付出多少努力。在这种情况下，我说的是如何通过考试，而不是如何让你考到前列。先把注意力集中在最好做的题目上，你就一定能得到尽可能多的分数，这样最差的分数经过综合平均后，你就不会显得考那么惨了。
Contradiction: Study for your worst topics first. This is because you will run out of energy/stamina at some point when studying during exam season. Starting with the worst topics when you are still fresh ensures you can maximise your performance for these topics. Your best subjects are your best for a reason. These are the things you can do well with your eyes closed - why spend more energy on a smaller amount of improvement, when you can spend the same energy and achieve greater improvement? Raising your average never hurts.
Mean, lean Exam-taking Machine For everything that the Singapore Education System has done to my psyche, I have to say that there were a few benefits: exams don’t scare me. You want to know why? It’s because we start taking serious exams with serious names like CA1, SA1 (Semestral Assessment 1) from the age of 7, (I don’t know if they still do it, but they did when I was 7) - and we do so many (practice) exams that it’s almost a hobby. (Some people still freak out over exams, but that’s because of what everyone says about how your life will be ruined if you are not at the top - which is a half-truth Also refer to Ryan Tanaka’s answer.)
I still remember being sick with gastric flu as an 8 year old kid. I was too sick to sit with the other kids, but I sat in the school office and did my math exam whilst concerned teachers left me mugs of hot water, tissues, and a bin in case I wanted to throw up. I finished that damn exam. At that time, if you didn’t get 100% for primary school exams, there’s something wrong with you (I only got 91% if you wanted to know). Just to give you an idea of what it was like.
Then there was this beast, called the TYS. Ask any Singaporean student who has studied in a Ministry of Education school about the TYS. Everyone will know what it is called. TYS stands for Ten Year Series. It is a published book of the last ten years’ worth of (mathematics in my case) exam papers. Teachers told us that if you completed the book once, you will pass. To do well, you must complete the book twice. This is bordering on rote learning, which I disapprove of except for studying for languages because you can’t get away from it there.
矛盾：先研究你最糟糕的那个科目。这是因为当你在考试季学习时，你总会在某些时候耗尽你的精力/耐力。在你还不熟悉的时候，从最糟糕的科目开始，可以确保你在这些科目上的进步最大化。你最好的科目之所以是你拿手的是有原因的。这些都是你闭上眼睛都能做好的事情——既然你能花同样的精力取得更大的进步，为什么还要把更多的精力花在更小的进步上呢？这对提高你的平均分数不会有什么坏处。
我的意思是，变成精干的应试机器是新加坡教育系统对我的心理造成的影响，我不得不说这样也有一些好处：考试不会吓到我。你想知道为什么吗？这是因为我们从7岁开始进行一些名字很严肃的考试，比如CA1，SA1（学期评估1）（我不知道现在是否还在这样做，但我7岁的时候的确就是这样做的）。我们进行了很多（练习）考试，几乎（让考试）成了一种爱好（但因为每个人都会对你说如果你不在顶尖，你的生活会被毁掉，所以有些人仍然对考试感到恐惧——这只是半个事实。另请参阅瑞安·田中的答案）。
我还记得我8岁时患过胃流感。我病得很重，不能和其他孩子坐在一起，于是我坐在了学校的办公室进行数学考试，而关心我的老师留给我一大杯热水、纸巾和一个垃圾桶，以防我想吐。我完成了那该死的考试。那时候，如果你的小学考试没有考到100分，那你就有问题了（如果你想知道我的成绩的话，我只考了91分）。我说这个只是想让你知道当时的情况。
然后有一只“野兽”，叫TYS。你去问任何在教育部学校学习过的新加坡学生关于TYS的情况。每个人都会知道它TYS代表十年系列。这是一本最近十年出版的（我主要是做数学的那一本）试卷的书。老师告诉我们，如果你把这本书做完了一次，你就会及格。（但如果你想）要考得更好，你必须把这本书做两遍。这几乎是死记硬背，但只有学习语言才免不了要死记硬背，所以除非是学习语言，其他的我不赞成死记硬背。
Mean, lean Exam-taking Machine For everything that the Singapore Education System has done to my psyche, I have to say that there were a few benefits: exams don’t scare me. You want to know why? It’s because we start taking serious exams with serious names like CA1, SA1 (Semestral Assessment 1) from the age of 7, (I don’t know if they still do it, but they did when I was 7) - and we do so many (practice) exams that it’s almost a hobby. (Some people still freak out over exams, but that’s because of what everyone says about how your life will be ruined if you are not at the top - which is a half-truth Also refer to Ryan Tanaka’s answer.)
I still remember being sick with gastric flu as an 8 year old kid. I was too sick to sit with the other kids, but I sat in the school office and did my math exam whilst concerned teachers left me mugs of hot water, tissues, and a bin in case I wanted to throw up. I finished that damn exam. At that time, if you didn’t get 100% for primary school exams, there’s something wrong with you (I only got 91% if you wanted to know). Just to give you an idea of what it was like.
Then there was this beast, called the TYS. Ask any Singaporean student who has studied in a Ministry of Education school about the TYS. Everyone will know what it is called. TYS stands for Ten Year Series. It is a published book of the last ten years’ worth of (mathematics in my case) exam papers. Teachers told us that if you completed the book once, you will pass. To do well, you must complete the book twice. This is bordering on rote learning, which I disapprove of except for studying for languages because you can’t get away from it there.
矛盾：先研究你最糟糕的那个科目。这是因为当你在考试季学习时，你总会在某些时候耗尽你的精力/耐力。在你还不熟悉的时候，从最糟糕的科目开始，可以确保你在这些科目上的进步最大化。你最好的科目之所以是你拿手的是有原因的。这些都是你闭上眼睛都能做好的事情——既然你能花同样的精力取得更大的进步，为什么还要把更多的精力花在更小的进步上呢？这对提高你的平均分数不会有什么坏处。
我的意思是，变成精干的应试机器是新加坡教育系统对我的心理造成的影响，我不得不说这样也有一些好处：考试不会吓到我。你想知道为什么吗？这是因为我们从7岁开始进行一些名字很严肃的考试，比如CA1，SA1（学期评估1）（我不知道现在是否还在这样做，但我7岁的时候的确就是这样做的）。我们进行了很多（练习）考试，几乎（让考试）成了一种爱好（但因为每个人都会对你说如果你不在顶尖，你的生活会被毁掉，所以有些人仍然对考试感到恐惧——这只是半个事实。另请参阅瑞安·田中的答案）。
我还记得我8岁时患过胃流感。我病得很重，不能和其他孩子坐在一起，于是我坐在了学校的办公室进行数学考试，而关心我的老师留给我一大杯热水、纸巾和一个垃圾桶，以防我想吐。我完成了那该死的考试。那时候，如果你的小学考试没有考到100分，那你就有问题了（如果你想知道我的成绩的话，我只考了91分）。我说这个只是想让你知道当时的情况。
然后有一只“野兽”，叫TYS。你去问任何在教育部学校学习过的新加坡学生关于TYS的情况。每个人都会知道它TYS代表十年系列。这是一本最近十年出版的（我主要是做数学的那一本）试卷的书。老师告诉我们，如果你把这本书做完了一次，你就会及格。（但如果你想）要考得更好，你必须把这本书做两遍。这几乎是死记硬背，但只有学习语言才免不了要死记硬背，所以除非是学习语言，其他的我不赞成死记硬背。
In Singapore, we even buy last year’s papers from the top schools and do those. Once we finished the top schools, we would continue our way down the good schools. Selling examination papers is a lucrative business.
You wanted to know how we studied, right?
When I was in university, I had a rude shock - there were no past year papers. How could I succeed if I didn’t know what the examination format was beforehand? It was then that I realised that knowing the subject was more important than understanding the exam format and all the other crazy strategies of calculating scores down to the last point.
Still, when you aren’t afraid of exams, you have a clear mind when sitting at that little desk with your plastic bag of pencils. A clear mind and a calm heart is more valuable than that white wall of panic that every student has experienced. So there is some value in working on not being afraid of exams.
How to not be afraid of exams, the smart way. Confidence comes from your confidence in how much you have studied, right? But what if you haven’t studied as much as you’d like? Then it’s down to mindset and attitude on the day. Tell yourself “I’ve done what I can, I’ll get what I can - if I do the best with what I have”.
Story time again! I was in the exam hall for one of my worst topics (physiology) for the first year of uni. We were supposed to pick 3 questions from 5 and write short essays for each of them. Because I had question spotted (don’t do this… unless desperate), I found that I had only prepared for 2 out of those 5! I had a shaky third question, but because I had some knowledge of it (as opposed to ZERO for the other questions), I just went for it. I wrote everything I could, even though I knew it was A-level info and not the stuff I’d learned at uni. (By the way, I did International A levels, so it had nothing to do with the insanity of Singapore A levels, which I was spared) - it turned out OK. Not the best, but better than failing if I had only done 2 questions.
在新加坡，我们甚至从顶尖学校买了去年的试卷，然后做这些。一旦我们完成了顶尖学校的学业，我们将继续沿着好学校的道路前进。卖试卷也是一项有利可图的生意。
你想知道我们是怎么学习的，对吧？
当我在大学的时候，我非常地震惊——我们没有前一年的考试试卷。如果我事先不知道考试的形式，我怎么能考得好呢？就在那时，我意识到学懂这门学科比了解考试形式和所有其他疯狂的计分策略更重要。
不过，当你不怕考试的时候，当你坐在那张小书桌旁，手里拿着装着铅笔的塑料袋的时候，你的头脑还是很清醒的。一个清醒的头脑和一颗平静的心比每个学生都经历过的那堵白色恐慌墙会更有助于考试。因此，努力做到不怕考试是有一定价值的。
如何不害怕考试呢，用聪明的方法。自信，来自于你对自己所学知识的自信，对吧？但是如果你没有像你想的那样认真学习呢？接下来就要看当天的心态和态度。告诉自己“我已经做了我能做的，如果我尽我所能做到最好，我会得到我应得的分数”。
这儿有一个故事：大学一年级，我在考试季上攻读了我最差的一个科目（生理学）。我们要从5个问题中选出3个问题，并为每个问题写一篇短文。然后我发现了一个问题，我发现我只准备了这5个问题中的2个！我有一个不确定的第三个问题，但因为我对这个问题还是有一定地了解（而不是像其他问题一样，我一点都不了解那些），我还是把不确定的这个问题写了。我写了我能写的所有东西，尽管我知道这是A级水平的信息，而不是我在大学学到的东西（顺便说一句，我参加了国际A级考试，所以这和我幸免没有参加的新加坡A级考试没有关系）——结果还好。虽然不是最好的，但这比因为我只做了两个问题而失败要好一些。
You wanted to know how we studied, right?
When I was in university, I had a rude shock - there were no past year papers. How could I succeed if I didn’t know what the examination format was beforehand? It was then that I realised that knowing the subject was more important than understanding the exam format and all the other crazy strategies of calculating scores down to the last point.
Still, when you aren’t afraid of exams, you have a clear mind when sitting at that little desk with your plastic bag of pencils. A clear mind and a calm heart is more valuable than that white wall of panic that every student has experienced. So there is some value in working on not being afraid of exams.
How to not be afraid of exams, the smart way. Confidence comes from your confidence in how much you have studied, right? But what if you haven’t studied as much as you’d like? Then it’s down to mindset and attitude on the day. Tell yourself “I’ve done what I can, I’ll get what I can - if I do the best with what I have”.
Story time again! I was in the exam hall for one of my worst topics (physiology) for the first year of uni. We were supposed to pick 3 questions from 5 and write short essays for each of them. Because I had question spotted (don’t do this… unless desperate), I found that I had only prepared for 2 out of those 5! I had a shaky third question, but because I had some knowledge of it (as opposed to ZERO for the other questions), I just went for it. I wrote everything I could, even though I knew it was A-level info and not the stuff I’d learned at uni. (By the way, I did International A levels, so it had nothing to do with the insanity of Singapore A levels, which I was spared) - it turned out OK. Not the best, but better than failing if I had only done 2 questions.
在新加坡，我们甚至从顶尖学校买了去年的试卷，然后做这些。一旦我们完成了顶尖学校的学业，我们将继续沿着好学校的道路前进。卖试卷也是一项有利可图的生意。
你想知道我们是怎么学习的，对吧？
当我在大学的时候，我非常地震惊——我们没有前一年的考试试卷。如果我事先不知道考试的形式，我怎么能考得好呢？就在那时，我意识到学懂这门学科比了解考试形式和所有其他疯狂的计分策略更重要。
不过，当你不怕考试的时候，当你坐在那张小书桌旁，手里拿着装着铅笔的塑料袋的时候，你的头脑还是很清醒的。一个清醒的头脑和一颗平静的心比每个学生都经历过的那堵白色恐慌墙会更有助于考试。因此，努力做到不怕考试是有一定价值的。
如何不害怕考试呢，用聪明的方法。自信，来自于你对自己所学知识的自信，对吧？但是如果你没有像你想的那样认真学习呢？接下来就要看当天的心态和态度。告诉自己“我已经做了我能做的，如果我尽我所能做到最好，我会得到我应得的分数”。
这儿有一个故事：大学一年级，我在考试季上攻读了我最差的一个科目（生理学）。我们要从5个问题中选出3个问题，并为每个问题写一篇短文。然后我发现了一个问题，我发现我只准备了这5个问题中的2个！我有一个不确定的第三个问题，但因为我对这个问题还是有一定地了解（而不是像其他问题一样，我一点都不了解那些），我还是把不确定的这个问题写了。我写了我能写的所有东西，尽管我知道这是A级水平的信息，而不是我在大学学到的东西（顺便说一句，我参加了国际A级考试，所以这和我幸免没有参加的新加坡A级考试没有关系）——结果还好。虽然不是最好的，但这比因为我只做了两个问题而失败要好一些。
My point is that you can still manage with what you have. Have a calm measure of where you are at. Don’t worry about what you don’t have when you are sitting at that desk. Worry about what you have, and use as much of your ammo as you can. There are plenty of sites out there with exam tips like “get lots of sleep” and “take care of yourself” so you can refer to those for that.
Every subject is different, so your approach will be different. Practising math questions over and over works better than practising literature questions over and over. Reading the literature text works better than just reading the math methods. Topic summaries for each topic will look different. Some will require memorisation of important formula, some will require an understanding of basic principles. Don’t limit yourself. You will need this arsenal of varying study skills for later, they are worth cultivating.
Don’t friggin’ copy homework. This is plagiarism and students have been expelled over this because it is that serious. Do your own work. There’s a reason why that person you are copying your work from has done better than you (unless they copied from someone else). Being able to complete and submit work on time is actually a life-skill. So when you are doing that “pointless” assignment, think about what you are actually doing.
Conclusion: of course the best way to succeed would be to have a good foundation of knowledge in your topic and have developed good study skills even before the exam. But there are still methods you can use to get through as best as you can.
我的观点是你仍然可以冷静地衡量你现在的处境。当你坐在那张桌子旁时，不要担心你没有什么。而去担心你有什么，尽可能多地使用你的弹药（知识储备）。有很多网站都有提示考试技巧，比如“多睡觉”和“照顾好自己”，所以你可以参考这些。
每个科目都不一样，所以你的方法会不同。反复练习数学题比反复练习文学题效果更好。阅读文学文本比仅仅阅读数学方法效果更好。每个主题的总结都会有些不同。有些需要记住重要的公式，有些需要理解基本的原理。不要限制住自己。你以后会需要各种各样的学习技巧，它们（这些学习技巧）是值得你去掌握的。
别抄作业。这是剽窃，是严重的事情，学生们因此被开除。自己做作业。你抄袭的人比你做得好是有原因的（除非他们抄袭别人的）。能够按时完成并提交作业实际上是一种生活技能。所以当你在做那些“毫无意义”的作业时，想想你实际上在做什么。
结论：当然，成功的最好方法是有良好的知识基础让你能很好地完成题目，甚至在考试前就已经养成了良好的学习技能。但仍然有一些方法可以让你尽可能地通过考试。
Every subject is different, so your approach will be different. Practising math questions over and over works better than practising literature questions over and over. Reading the literature text works better than just reading the math methods. Topic summaries for each topic will look different. Some will require memorisation of important formula, some will require an understanding of basic principles. Don’t limit yourself. You will need this arsenal of varying study skills for later, they are worth cultivating.
Don’t friggin’ copy homework. This is plagiarism and students have been expelled over this because it is that serious. Do your own work. There’s a reason why that person you are copying your work from has done better than you (unless they copied from someone else). Being able to complete and submit work on time is actually a life-skill. So when you are doing that “pointless” assignment, think about what you are actually doing.
Conclusion: of course the best way to succeed would be to have a good foundation of knowledge in your topic and have developed good study skills even before the exam. But there are still methods you can use to get through as best as you can.
我的观点是你仍然可以冷静地衡量你现在的处境。当你坐在那张桌子旁时，不要担心你没有什么。而去担心你有什么，尽可能多地使用你的弹药（知识储备）。有很多网站都有提示考试技巧，比如“多睡觉”和“照顾好自己”，所以你可以参考这些。
每个科目都不一样，所以你的方法会不同。反复练习数学题比反复练习文学题效果更好。阅读文学文本比仅仅阅读数学方法效果更好。每个主题的总结都会有些不同。有些需要记住重要的公式，有些需要理解基本的原理。不要限制住自己。你以后会需要各种各样的学习技巧，它们（这些学习技巧）是值得你去掌握的。
别抄作业。这是剽窃，是严重的事情，学生们因此被开除。自己做作业。你抄袭的人比你做得好是有原因的（除非他们抄袭别人的）。能够按时完成并提交作业实际上是一种生活技能。所以当你在做那些“毫无意义”的作业时，想想你实际上在做什么。
结论：当然，成功的最好方法是有良好的知识基础让你能很好地完成题目，甚至在考试前就已经养成了良好的学习技能。但仍然有一些方法可以让你尽可能地通过考试。
Elias Svensson, Engineering Student, Chalmers University of Technology
As a college student I've discovered and developed a couple of methods and heuristics that have allowed me to learn very effectively. By practicing these I do not need to attend classes and therefore have more free time to pursue more knowledge in Computer Science through books and online courses, among other things.
A couple of the methods I practice are based on scientific studies. Other heuristics I've developed myself and are basically based on logic. Any feedback or critique is more than welcome, since it would be a great opportunity to improve them if need be!
So, to the methods:
* 80/20 Analysis: Approach learning a subject through an 80/20 analysis, asking what 20% or less of the input could lead to 80% or more of the output? E.g. to learn a language, ask what 20% or less of the total vocabulary is used 80% or more of the time in the language? Focus on learning these 20% for any given task, it is usually remarkably sufficient to achieve your goals. Further reading: Pareto principle
* Spaced repetition: Use flash-cards with spaced repetition for two reasons. One, learning has been found to happen best by testing/quizzing. And two, spaced repetition is an incredibly effective way to go through material quickly, and to retain it with minimal work. Further reading: Spaced repetition. *Highly* recommended app (web, computer and smartphone app available): Anki - powerful, intelligent flashcards
* Pomodoro: The actual day to day grind of studying can become very tiresome and volatile if you simply work in sessions based on your daily motivation and discipline. Using the pomodoro technique, you're much more inclined to stay fresh and alx even through a whole day of studying. Further reading: http://pomodorotechnique.com/
And so, to the heuristics of learning.
埃利亚斯·斯文森，查尔默斯技术大学工学系学生。
作为一名大学生，我发现了一些方法和启发，能够让我非常有效地学习。通过练习这些，我不需要上课，因此有更多的空闲时间通过书本和在线课程等学习更多的计算机科学知识。
我实践的一些方法是基于科学研究的。我自己开发的其他启发方法基本上是基于逻辑的。任何反馈或批评我都很乐意接受，如果需要的话，这将是一个很好的机会去改善它们！
因此，下列方法：
二八分析法：通过80/20分析来学习一门学科，有人会问为什么20%或更少的投入会导致80%或更多的产出？例如，为了学习一门语言，你会问，在这门语言中，有没有20%或更少的词汇量能够在80%甚至更多的时间里被使用？在任何给定的任务中集中20%的时间学习，就通常足以显著地实现你的目标。补充阅读：帕累托原理。
间隔重复：使用间隔记忆卡片有两个原因。第一，通过测试/测验发现（用间隔记忆卡片）学习效果最好。第二，间隔重复是一种非常有效的方法，可以让你快速地浏览材料，并以最少的功夫去记住它们。补充阅读：间隔重复有关并强烈推荐应用程序（网络、电脑和智能手机应用程序可用）：Anki-功能强大的智能抽认卡。
波莫多罗（一种番茄计时器）：如果你只是在你每天的动力和纪律的基础上进行学习，那么日复一日的学习就会变得非常乏味和不稳定。使用番茄工作法，即使经过一整天的学习，你也能保持头脑清醒。补充阅读：http://pomodorotechnique.com/。
接下来，是关于我对学习的启发。
As a college student I've discovered and developed a couple of methods and heuristics that have allowed me to learn very effectively. By practicing these I do not need to attend classes and therefore have more free time to pursue more knowledge in Computer Science through books and online courses, among other things.
A couple of the methods I practice are based on scientific studies. Other heuristics I've developed myself and are basically based on logic. Any feedback or critique is more than welcome, since it would be a great opportunity to improve them if need be!
So, to the methods:
* 80/20 Analysis: Approach learning a subject through an 80/20 analysis, asking what 20% or less of the input could lead to 80% or more of the output? E.g. to learn a language, ask what 20% or less of the total vocabulary is used 80% or more of the time in the language? Focus on learning these 20% for any given task, it is usually remarkably sufficient to achieve your goals. Further reading: Pareto principle
* Spaced repetition: Use flash-cards with spaced repetition for two reasons. One, learning has been found to happen best by testing/quizzing. And two, spaced repetition is an incredibly effective way to go through material quickly, and to retain it with minimal work. Further reading: Spaced repetition. *Highly* recommended app (web, computer and smartphone app available): Anki - powerful, intelligent flashcards
* Pomodoro: The actual day to day grind of studying can become very tiresome and volatile if you simply work in sessions based on your daily motivation and discipline. Using the pomodoro technique, you're much more inclined to stay fresh and alx even through a whole day of studying. Further reading: http://pomodorotechnique.com/
And so, to the heuristics of learning.
埃利亚斯·斯文森，查尔默斯技术大学工学系学生。
作为一名大学生，我发现了一些方法和启发，能够让我非常有效地学习。通过练习这些，我不需要上课，因此有更多的空闲时间通过书本和在线课程等学习更多的计算机科学知识。
我实践的一些方法是基于科学研究的。我自己开发的其他启发方法基本上是基于逻辑的。任何反馈或批评我都很乐意接受，如果需要的话，这将是一个很好的机会去改善它们！
因此，下列方法：
二八分析法：通过80/20分析来学习一门学科，有人会问为什么20%或更少的投入会导致80%或更多的产出？例如，为了学习一门语言，你会问，在这门语言中，有没有20%或更少的词汇量能够在80%甚至更多的时间里被使用？在任何给定的任务中集中20%的时间学习，就通常足以显著地实现你的目标。补充阅读：帕累托原理。
间隔重复：使用间隔记忆卡片有两个原因。第一，通过测试/测验发现（用间隔记忆卡片）学习效果最好。第二，间隔重复是一种非常有效的方法，可以让你快速地浏览材料，并以最少的功夫去记住它们。补充阅读：间隔重复有关并强烈推荐应用程序（网络、电脑和智能手机应用程序可用）：Anki-功能强大的智能抽认卡。
波莫多罗（一种番茄计时器）：如果你只是在你每天的动力和纪律的基础上进行学习，那么日复一日的学习就会变得非常乏味和不稳定。使用番茄工作法，即使经过一整天的学习，你也能保持头脑清醒。补充阅读：http://pomodorotechnique.com/。
接下来，是关于我对学习的启发。
* To learn a subject, first learn the vocabulary: If we view knowledge of a subject as a huge set of data, and ask ourselves if there is a subset of data that we can acquire that gives us actionable access to the rest of the data, what is the answer? Vocabulary. If I were to ask you to cook a meal that you've never cooked before, say Swedish meatballs and brown sauce á la IKEA, then you probably would be able to do it if I handed you a cookbook with the recipe. Why? You probably know and understand every individual term, the vocabulary, used in the recipe like "meat", "salt" and "frying pan". But if I were to ask someone who hasn't read a calculus course to take the integral of a function, simply handing them the formula probably will not be enough to allow them to do it. Why? It is really the same question, "Please perform these set of steps to give me the result I desire". The difference between being able to perform the actions lies within understanding the vocabulary of the subject. Once you understand the vocabulary of calculus, it is no different to find how to take an integral of a function to cooking Swedish meatballs.
* To learn something, you must teach it: If I were to define a heuristic of when someone knows something, it would be if he or she can teach the concept. Teaching requires being able to exemplify a general definition of a concept, as well as from an example extrapolate which general principles are at work. In other words, I'd say that you know a concept if you can state the it's abstract definition, and give a simple example of when how the concept is (or could be) applied in the real world. If this is the endgame you are striving for, then learning simply becomes an optimization process of sexting a concept, finding it's definition and work out simple examples concretely illustrating the concept. E.g. to learn the concept "Gravity", the definition is (wikipedia:) "Newton's law of universal gravitation states that any two bodies in the Universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.", and a simple example of this is "Dropping an apple from your hand allows the earth and apple to attract each other, causing the apple to fall to the ground.". It might sound banal, but once you try to do this for ever more advanced concepts, you'll realize how powerful this simple method is. (Related: How to Learn Anything Faster With The Feynman Technique)
To summarize, I've focused on the What and Why of learning in this answer, and it still got very exhaustive. If anybody is more interested in the How-to of applying these methods and heuristics, then I'll gladly share my thoughts in the comments.
Thanks for reading!
要学习一门学科，首先要学习词汇：如果我们把一门学科的知识看作是一个庞大的数据集，并扪心自问，是否有一部分我们可以获得的数据能够让我们对其余的数据进行可操作的访问，那么答案是什么？是词汇。如果我让你做一顿你以前从未做过的饭，比如说瑞典肉丸和宜家的红酱，那么如果我递给你一本食谱，你可能就能做到。为什么？你可能知道并理解食谱中的每一个术语、词汇，比如“肉”、“盐”和“煎锅”。但是如果我让一个没有读过微积分课程的人去学习函数的积分，仅仅给他们公式可能不足以让他们去做。为什么？这两个就是同样问题，“请执行这些步骤，然后给我我想要的结果”。在能够执行这些动作之间的区别在于理解主题的词汇。一旦你了解了关于微积分的词汇，你甚至可以如同找到如何用函数的积分一样来烹饪瑞典肉丸了。
要想学到东西，你必须要能够教授别人这个知识点：如果我要定义一个启发式，即某人知道某事，那么意思就是他或她能够教授这个概念。教学需要能够举例说明一个概念的一般定义，以及从一个例子中推断出哪些一般原则在其中起作用。换言之，如果你能陈述一个概念的抽象定义，并给出一个简单的例子，说明这个概念在现实世界中是如何（或可能）应用的，那么你就算是真正了解这个概念了。如果这是你努力追求的结局，那么学习就变成了一个概念选择的优化过程，找到它的定义，并用简单的例子具体说明这个概念。例如，为了学习“引力”的概念，它的定义是（来自维基百科）：“牛顿万有引力定律指出，宇宙中的任何两个物体相互吸引的力与它们质量的乘积成正比，与它们之间距离的平方成反比。”一个简单的例子是“从你手上扔下一个苹果会让地球和苹果互相吸引，导致苹果掉到地上。”这听起来可能很普通，但一旦你尝试为一些更高级的概念这样做（下定义并且举一个例子），你就会意识到这个简单的方法是多么强大（相关内容补充：如何用费曼技巧更快地学习）。
总而言之，我在这个回答中重点讨论了学习“是什么”以及“为什么”要学，而且非常详尽。如果有人对如何应用这些方法和启发式更感兴趣，那么我很乐意在评论中分享我的想法。
感谢阅读！
* To learn something, you must teach it: If I were to define a heuristic of when someone knows something, it would be if he or she can teach the concept. Teaching requires being able to exemplify a general definition of a concept, as well as from an example extrapolate which general principles are at work. In other words, I'd say that you know a concept if you can state the it's abstract definition, and give a simple example of when how the concept is (or could be) applied in the real world. If this is the endgame you are striving for, then learning simply becomes an optimization process of sexting a concept, finding it's definition and work out simple examples concretely illustrating the concept. E.g. to learn the concept "Gravity", the definition is (wikipedia:) "Newton's law of universal gravitation states that any two bodies in the Universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.", and a simple example of this is "Dropping an apple from your hand allows the earth and apple to attract each other, causing the apple to fall to the ground.". It might sound banal, but once you try to do this for ever more advanced concepts, you'll realize how powerful this simple method is. (Related: How to Learn Anything Faster With The Feynman Technique)
To summarize, I've focused on the What and Why of learning in this answer, and it still got very exhaustive. If anybody is more interested in the How-to of applying these methods and heuristics, then I'll gladly share my thoughts in the comments.
Thanks for reading!
要学习一门学科，首先要学习词汇：如果我们把一门学科的知识看作是一个庞大的数据集，并扪心自问，是否有一部分我们可以获得的数据能够让我们对其余的数据进行可操作的访问，那么答案是什么？是词汇。如果我让你做一顿你以前从未做过的饭，比如说瑞典肉丸和宜家的红酱，那么如果我递给你一本食谱，你可能就能做到。为什么？你可能知道并理解食谱中的每一个术语、词汇，比如“肉”、“盐”和“煎锅”。但是如果我让一个没有读过微积分课程的人去学习函数的积分，仅仅给他们公式可能不足以让他们去做。为什么？这两个就是同样问题，“请执行这些步骤，然后给我我想要的结果”。在能够执行这些动作之间的区别在于理解主题的词汇。一旦你了解了关于微积分的词汇，你甚至可以如同找到如何用函数的积分一样来烹饪瑞典肉丸了。
要想学到东西，你必须要能够教授别人这个知识点：如果我要定义一个启发式，即某人知道某事，那么意思就是他或她能够教授这个概念。教学需要能够举例说明一个概念的一般定义，以及从一个例子中推断出哪些一般原则在其中起作用。换言之，如果你能陈述一个概念的抽象定义，并给出一个简单的例子，说明这个概念在现实世界中是如何（或可能）应用的，那么你就算是真正了解这个概念了。如果这是你努力追求的结局，那么学习就变成了一个概念选择的优化过程，找到它的定义，并用简单的例子具体说明这个概念。例如，为了学习“引力”的概念，它的定义是（来自维基百科）：“牛顿万有引力定律指出，宇宙中的任何两个物体相互吸引的力与它们质量的乘积成正比，与它们之间距离的平方成反比。”一个简单的例子是“从你手上扔下一个苹果会让地球和苹果互相吸引，导致苹果掉到地上。”这听起来可能很普通，但一旦你尝试为一些更高级的概念这样做（下定义并且举一个例子），你就会意识到这个简单的方法是多么强大（相关内容补充：如何用费曼技巧更快地学习）。
总而言之，我在这个回答中重点讨论了学习“是什么”以及“为什么”要学，而且非常详尽。如果有人对如何应用这些方法和启发式更感兴趣，那么我很乐意在评论中分享我的想法。
感谢阅读！
Nico van Wijk, Top writer 2018
I think my perspective on this one might be different than most based on the admittedly limited sample size that has graced my feed.
For context, I sat the Cambridge international examinations. I achieved 8 A* stars at IGCSE with studying only the night before each paper and then 5 A* at A levels (including one taken early and skipping a year of formal classes) with roughly two weeks of study before exam time and very minimal homework/classwork conpleted throughout the year. I definitely do not my recommend my study style for everyone nor am I confident that it will help me survive University so am probably planning to adjust. But anyway, that’s enough rambling. Onto what got me through high school.
Rather than rely on “study” before an exam, I focused on understanding concepts during class, not memorising, understanding. Very often in tests, I would forget formulas and methods but be able to rederive or resolve a way to a solution due to logical thinking and a core comprehension of underlying principles.
When teachers were speaking, I never took any notes. Instead I focused on listening. And asking questions. Lots of questions. Of course I didn’t understand absolutely everything straight away. Sometimes I’d have to explore my thoughts and I’m make sure to explore them thoroughly, taking time to discuss with the teacher until I reached a point where I understood.
Also I preferred to spend class time discussing or explaining rather than doing worksheets. By my final years, all of my teachers allowed me to sext the amount of physical work I actually did since they knew I had an alternate preferred learning style. If I didn’t see any benefit from my homework, I would tell my teacher as much.
When it came time to actually study for exams. I always started by reading my course syllabuses. I would go through point by point and make sure that I understood every single topic. If there were any that I was unsure of, I would browse the internet and research until I was confident.
The next step was reading examiner’s reports (potentially a Cambridge curriculum only thing?). I found these documents online and analysed the common mistakes and misconceptions from previous students to make sure that I would not repeat them.
Finally, in the hours/days before I sat my paper, I would practise past papers. Both through timing myself/writing them out and quickly scanning through with mental answering to get through papers in bulk. I would of course take special mental note on my own mistakes so I did not repeat them.
Hope that helps. :D
尼科·范威克，2018年度最佳作家。
基于我对有限的样本容量的看法，我认为我对这个问题的看法可能不同于大多数人。
背景是，我参加了剑桥国际考试。如果我只在每个考试的前一天晚上学习，我在IGCSE的成绩是8个A*星，如果我在考试前大约两周学习，我得到的是5个A*（包括提前学习和跳过一年的正式课程），我全年完成的家庭作业/课堂作业非常少。我绝对不建议我为每个人推荐我的学习风格，我也不相信它能帮助我在大学里生存，所以我可能会计划调整一下。好吧，闲聊就先到这里。（接下来让我们聊聊）是什么让我度过高中的。
我没有依赖于在考试前的“学习”，而是在课堂上专注于理解概念，不是记忆、而是理解。在测试中，我经常会忘记公式和方法，但由于逻辑思维和对基本原理的核心理解，我能够重新推算或者得到解决方法的答案。
老师讲话时，我从不做笔记。相反，我专注于倾听。问老师问题。我有很多问题。当然，我不是一下子就完全明白了一切。有时，我不得不去探索我的想法，我一定要彻底地探索它们，我会去花时间与老师讨论，直到我达到我能够理解这个知识点的程度。
而且我更喜欢在课堂上讨论或解释，而不是做作业。到了我高中最后几年，因为我的老师们都知道我有另一种更喜欢的学习方式，所以他们都允许我自行选择我实际做作业的数量。如果我看不出我的作业对我的学习有任何好处，我也会告诉我的老师。
到了真正为考试而学习的时候。我总是从阅读课程大纲开始。我会逐点复习，确保我理解了每一个知识点。如果有什么我不确定的，我会上网搜索，直到我有信心（完全理解了它）。
下一步是阅读考官的报告（这可能是剑桥唯一的课程？）。我在网上找到了这些文件，并分析了以前学生的常见错误，以确保我不会向他们一样再犯错。
最后，在我考试前的几小时/几天里，我会复习过去的试卷。通过给自己计时把它们写出来，然后快速地扫视一遍，在心中作答，以便浏览完大量的试卷。我当然会特别注意我自己的错误，所以我不会重复犯错。
希望我的这些话对你们有帮助。
I think my perspective on this one might be different than most based on the admittedly limited sample size that has graced my feed.
For context, I sat the Cambridge international examinations. I achieved 8 A* stars at IGCSE with studying only the night before each paper and then 5 A* at A levels (including one taken early and skipping a year of formal classes) with roughly two weeks of study before exam time and very minimal homework/classwork conpleted throughout the year. I definitely do not my recommend my study style for everyone nor am I confident that it will help me survive University so am probably planning to adjust. But anyway, that’s enough rambling. Onto what got me through high school.
Rather than rely on “study” before an exam, I focused on understanding concepts during class, not memorising, understanding. Very often in tests, I would forget formulas and methods but be able to rederive or resolve a way to a solution due to logical thinking and a core comprehension of underlying principles.
When teachers were speaking, I never took any notes. Instead I focused on listening. And asking questions. Lots of questions. Of course I didn’t understand absolutely everything straight away. Sometimes I’d have to explore my thoughts and I’m make sure to explore them thoroughly, taking time to discuss with the teacher until I reached a point where I understood.
Also I preferred to spend class time discussing or explaining rather than doing worksheets. By my final years, all of my teachers allowed me to sext the amount of physical work I actually did since they knew I had an alternate preferred learning style. If I didn’t see any benefit from my homework, I would tell my teacher as much.
When it came time to actually study for exams. I always started by reading my course syllabuses. I would go through point by point and make sure that I understood every single topic. If there were any that I was unsure of, I would browse the internet and research until I was confident.
The next step was reading examiner’s reports (potentially a Cambridge curriculum only thing?). I found these documents online and analysed the common mistakes and misconceptions from previous students to make sure that I would not repeat them.
Finally, in the hours/days before I sat my paper, I would practise past papers. Both through timing myself/writing them out and quickly scanning through with mental answering to get through papers in bulk. I would of course take special mental note on my own mistakes so I did not repeat them.
Hope that helps. :D
尼科·范威克，2018年度最佳作家。
基于我对有限的样本容量的看法，我认为我对这个问题的看法可能不同于大多数人。
背景是，我参加了剑桥国际考试。如果我只在每个考试的前一天晚上学习，我在IGCSE的成绩是8个A*星，如果我在考试前大约两周学习，我得到的是5个A*（包括提前学习和跳过一年的正式课程），我全年完成的家庭作业/课堂作业非常少。我绝对不建议我为每个人推荐我的学习风格，我也不相信它能帮助我在大学里生存，所以我可能会计划调整一下。好吧，闲聊就先到这里。（接下来让我们聊聊）是什么让我度过高中的。
我没有依赖于在考试前的“学习”，而是在课堂上专注于理解概念，不是记忆、而是理解。在测试中，我经常会忘记公式和方法，但由于逻辑思维和对基本原理的核心理解，我能够重新推算或者得到解决方法的答案。
老师讲话时，我从不做笔记。相反，我专注于倾听。问老师问题。我有很多问题。当然，我不是一下子就完全明白了一切。有时，我不得不去探索我的想法，我一定要彻底地探索它们，我会去花时间与老师讨论，直到我达到我能够理解这个知识点的程度。
而且我更喜欢在课堂上讨论或解释，而不是做作业。到了我高中最后几年，因为我的老师们都知道我有另一种更喜欢的学习方式，所以他们都允许我自行选择我实际做作业的数量。如果我看不出我的作业对我的学习有任何好处，我也会告诉我的老师。
到了真正为考试而学习的时候。我总是从阅读课程大纲开始。我会逐点复习，确保我理解了每一个知识点。如果有什么我不确定的，我会上网搜索，直到我有信心（完全理解了它）。
下一步是阅读考官的报告（这可能是剑桥唯一的课程？）。我在网上找到了这些文件，并分析了以前学生的常见错误，以确保我不会向他们一样再犯错。
最后，在我考试前的几小时/几天里，我会复习过去的试卷。通过给自己计时把它们写出来，然后快速地扫视一遍，在心中作答，以便浏览完大量的试卷。我当然会特别注意我自己的错误，所以我不会重复犯错。
希望我的这些话对你们有帮助。
很赞 0
收藏