猪肾脏移植人体首次成功，或将突破器官供应难题
正文翻译
Surgeons in New York have successfully attached a kidney grown in a genetically altered pig to a human patient and found that the organ worked normally, a scientific breakthrough that one day may yield a vast new supply of organs for severely ill patients.
纽约外科医生成功将一只在转基因猪体内生长的肾脏移植到了人类病人身上，并发现该器官工作正常。这一科学突破有朝一日可能为重症病人带来大量新的器官供应。
Surgeons in New York have successfully attached a kidney grown in a genetically altered pig to a human patient and found that the organ worked normally, a scientific breakthrough that one day may yield a vast new supply of organs for severely ill patients.
纽约外科医生成功将一只在转基因猪体内生长的肾脏移植到了人类病人身上，并发现该器官工作正常。这一科学突破有朝一日可能为重症病人带来大量新的器官供应。
Researchers have long sought to grow organs in pigs that are suitable for transplantation into humans. Technologies like cloning and genetic engineering have brought that vision closer to reality in recent years, but testing these experimental organs in humans has presented daunting ethical questions.
长期以来，研究人员一直试图在猪身上培育适合移植到人体的器官。近年来，克隆和基因工程等技术使这一愿景更接近现实，但在人类身上测试这些实验器官却存在令人生畏的伦理问题。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
长期以来，研究人员一直试图在猪身上培育适合移植到人体的器官。近年来，克隆和基因工程等技术使这一愿景更接近现实，但在人类身上测试这些实验器官却存在令人生畏的伦理问题。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
So surgeons at N.Y.U. Langone Health took an astonishing step: With the family’s consent, they attached the pig’s kidney to a brain-dead patient who was kept alive on a ventilator, and then followed the body’s response while taking measures of the kidney’s function. It is the first operation of its kind.
因此，纽约大学朗格尼医学中心(NYU Langone Health)的外科医生采取了一项惊人的举措：在征得患者家属同意的情况下，他们将猪的肾连接到一名靠呼吸机维持生命的脑死亡患者身上，然后密切关注身体的反应，同时测量肾脏功能。这是第一次有人进行此类手术。
因此，纽约大学朗格尼医学中心(NYU Langone Health)的外科医生采取了一项惊人的举措：在征得患者家属同意的情况下，他们将猪的肾连接到一名靠呼吸机维持生命的脑死亡患者身上，然后密切关注身体的反应，同时测量肾脏功能。这是第一次有人进行此类手术。
The researchers tracked the results for just 54 hours, and many questions remained to be answered about the long-term consequences of such an operation. The procedure will not be available to patients any time soon, as there are significant medical and regulatory hurdles to overcome.
研究人员仅对结果进行了54个小时的跟踪调查，关于这种手术的长期后果，还有许多问题有待回答。由于有重大的医疗和监管障碍需要克服，该手术短期内不会提供给病人。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
研究人员仅对结果进行了54个小时的跟踪调查，关于这种手术的长期后果，还有许多问题有待回答。由于有重大的医疗和监管障碍需要克服，该手术短期内不会提供给病人。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Still, experts in the field hailed the surgery as a milestone.
尽管如此，该领域的专家仍将该手术誉为里程碑。
尽管如此，该领域的专家仍将该手术誉为里程碑。
“This is a huge breakthrough,” said Dr. Dorry Segev, a professor of transplant surgery at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine who was not involved in the research. “It’s a big, big deal.”
“这是一个巨大的突破，”没有参与这项研究的约翰斯·霍普金斯医学院(Johns Hopkins School of Medicine)移植外科教授多里·塞格夫(Dorry Segev)博士说。“这是一件非常非常重要的事情。”
“这是一个巨大的突破，”没有参与这项研究的约翰斯·霍普金斯医学院(Johns Hopkins School of Medicine)移植外科教授多里·塞格夫(Dorry Segev)博士说。“这是一件非常非常重要的事情。”
A steady supply of organs from pigs — which could eventually include hearts, lungs and livers — would offer a lifeline to the more than 100,000 Americans currently on transplant waiting lists, including the 90,240 who need a kidney. Twelve people on the waiting lists die each day.
来自猪的器官（最终可能包括心、肺、肝等脏器）的稳定供应，将为目前等待移植的10万多美国人提供一条生命线，其中包括90240名需要肾脏的人。每一天，等待名单上都有12个会人死去。
来自猪的器官（最终可能包括心、肺、肝等脏器）的稳定供应，将为目前等待移植的10万多美国人提供一条生命线，其中包括90240名需要肾脏的人。每一天，等待名单上都有12个会人死去。
An even larger number of Americans with kidney failure — more than a half million — depend on grueling dialysis treatments to survive. In large part because of the scarcity of human organs, the vast majority of dialysis patients do not qualify for transplants, which are reserved for those most likely to thrive after the procedure.
更多患有肾衰竭的美国人——超过50万——依靠痛苦的透析治疗来生存。在很大程度上，由于人体器官的稀缺性，绝大多数透析患者不具备移植的资格，移植只留给最有可能在手术后健康存活的人。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
更多患有肾衰竭的美国人——超过50万——依靠痛苦的透析治疗来生存。在很大程度上，由于人体器官的稀缺性，绝大多数透析患者不具备移植的资格，移植只留给最有可能在手术后健康存活的人。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The surgery was first reported by USA Today on Tuesday. The research has not yet been peer-reviewed nor published in a medical journal.
《今日美国》(USA Today)周二率先报道了该手术。这项研究还没有经过同行评审，也没有在医学杂志上发表
《今日美国》(USA Today)周二率先报道了该手术。这项研究还没有经过同行评审，也没有在医学杂志上发表
The transplanted kidney was obtained from a pig genetically engineered to grow an organ unlikely to be rejected by the human body. In a close approximation of an actual transplant procedure, the kidney was attached to blood vessels in the patient’s upper leg, outside the abdomen.
移植的肾脏来自一头经过基因工程改造的猪，它能生长出一个不太可能被人体排斥的器官。在与实际移植手术非常接近的情况下，肾脏被连接到患者腹部外侧的大腿血管上。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
移植的肾脏来自一头经过基因工程改造的猪，它能生长出一个不太可能被人体排斥的器官。在与实际移植手术非常接近的情况下，肾脏被连接到患者腹部外侧的大腿血管上。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The organ started functioning normally, making urine and the waste product creatinine “almost immediately,” according to Dr. Robert Montgomery, the director of the N.Y.U. Langone Transplant Institute, who performed the procedure in September.
据9月进行手术的纽约大学兰贡移植研究所(NYU Langone Transplant Institute)主任罗伯特·蒙哥马利(Robert Montgomery)说，该器官开始正常运作，“几乎立刻”就开始制造尿液和肌酐废物。
据9月进行手术的纽约大学兰贡移植研究所(NYU Langone Transplant Institute)主任罗伯特·蒙哥马利(Robert Montgomery)说，该器官开始正常运作，“几乎立刻”就开始制造尿液和肌酐废物。
Although the kidney was not implanted in the body, problems with so-called xenotransplants — from animals like primates and pigs — usually occur at the interface of the blood supply and the organ, where human blood flows through pig vessels, experts said.
专家说，尽管肾脏没有被植入体内，但在所谓的异种移植（从灵长类动物和猪等动物身上移植）当中，问题通常发生在血液供应和器官的接口处，也就是人类血液流经猪血管的地方。
专家说，尽管肾脏没有被植入体内，但在所谓的异种移植（从灵长类动物和猪等动物身上移植）当中，问题通常发生在血液供应和器官的接口处，也就是人类血液流经猪血管的地方。
The fact that the organ functioned outside the body is a strong indication that it will work in the body, Dr. Montgomery said.
蒙哥马利说，器官在体外发挥作用的事实，有力地表明它在体内也会发挥作用。
蒙哥马利说，器官在体外发挥作用的事实，有力地表明它在体内也会发挥作用。
“It was better than I think we even expected,” he said. “It just looked like any transplant I’ve ever done from a living donor. A lot of kidneys from deceased people don’t work right away, and take days or weeks to start. This worked immediately.”
“这比我们预期的还要好，”他说。“它看起来就像我做过的任何活体捐赠者的移植手术。很多来自死者的肾脏无法立即工作，需要几天或几周的时间才能开始工作。而这次的移植立即就起作用了。”
“这比我们预期的还要好，”他说。“它看起来就像我做过的任何活体捐赠者的移植手术。很多来自死者的肾脏无法立即工作，需要几天或几周的时间才能开始工作。而这次的移植立即就起作用了。”
Last year, 39,717 residents of the United States received an organ transplant, the majority of them — 23,401 — receiving kidneys, according to the United Network for Organ Sharing, a nonprofit that coordinates the nation’s organ procurement efforts.
据协调美国器官获取工作的非营利组织器官共享联合网络(United Network for Organ Sharing)称，去年，美国有39717名居民接受了器官移植，其中大多数（23401人）是接受肾脏移植。
据协调美国器官获取工作的非营利组织器官共享联合网络(United Network for Organ Sharing)称，去年，美国有39717名居民接受了器官移植，其中大多数（23401人）是接受肾脏移植。
Genetically engineered pigs “could potentially be a sustainable, renewable source of organs — the solar and wind of organ availability,” Dr. Montgomery said.
基因工程猪“有可能成为一种可持续的、可再生的器官来源——相当于器官供应的太阳能和风能”，蒙哥马利说。
基因工程猪“有可能成为一种可持续的、可再生的器官来源——相当于器官供应的太阳能和风能”，蒙哥马利说。
The prospect of raising pigs to harvest their organs for humans is bound to raise questions about animal welfare and exploitation, though an estimated 100 million pigs already are killed in the United States each year for food.
尽管据估计，美国每年有1亿头猪被宰杀作为食物，但为了获取人体器官而养猪的前景，必然会引发有关动物福利和剥削的问题。
尽管据估计，美国每年有1亿头猪被宰杀作为食物，但为了获取人体器官而养猪的前景，必然会引发有关动物福利和剥削的问题。
“Pigs aren’t spare parts and should never be used as such just because humans are too self-centered to donate their bodies to patients desperate for organ transplants,” said a statement from the organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA.
善待动物组织(PETA)在声明中说：“猪不是多余的器官，也不应该被用作多余的器官，只因为人类太自我中心，不愿意把自己的身体捐赠给迫切需要器官移植的病人。”
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
善待动物组织(PETA)在声明中说：“猪不是多余的器官，也不应该被用作多余的器官，只因为人类太自我中心，不愿意把自己的身体捐赠给迫切需要器官移植的病人。”
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Among transplantation experts, reactions ranged from cautiously optimistic to ebullient, though all acknowledged the procedure represented a sea change.
移植专家们反应不一，从谨慎乐观到热情高涨都有，不过所有人都承认这是一个巨大的变化。
移植专家们反应不一，从谨慎乐观到热情高涨都有，不过所有人都承认这是一个巨大的变化。
While some surgeons speculated that it could be just months before genetically engineered pigs’ kidneys are transplanted into living human beings, others said there was still much work to be done.
虽然一些外科医生推测，将基因工程猪的肾脏移植到活人身上可能只需要几个月的时间，但也有人说仍有很多工作要做。
虽然一些外科医生推测，将基因工程猪的肾脏移植到活人身上可能只需要几个月的时间，但也有人说仍有很多工作要做。
“This is really cutting-edge translational surgery and transplantation that is on the brink of being able to do it in living human beings,” said Dr. Amy Friedman, a former transplant surgeon and chief medical officer of LiveOnNY, the organ procurement organization in the greater New York area.
“这是真正尖端的转化手术和移植，即将在活人身上实现，”前移植外科医生、大纽约地区器官采购组织LiveOnNY的首席医疗官艾米·弗里德曼(Amy Friedman)说。
“这是真正尖端的转化手术和移植，即将在活人身上实现，”前移植外科医生、大纽约地区器官采购组织LiveOnNY的首席医疗官艾米·弗里德曼(Amy Friedman)说。
The group was involved in the sextion and identification of the brain-dead patient receiving the experimental procedure. The patient was a registered organ donor, and because the organs were not suitable for transplantation, the patient’s family agreed to permit research to test the experimental transplant procedure.
该组织参与了接受实验手术的脑死亡患者的选择和识别工作。这位病人是注册过的器官捐赠者，由于器官不适合移植，病人的家人同意在其身上研究测试实验性移植程序。
该组织参与了接受实验手术的脑死亡患者的选择和识别工作。这位病人是注册过的器官捐赠者，由于器官不适合移植，病人的家人同意在其身上研究测试实验性移植程序。
Dr. Friedman said she envisioned using hearts, livers and other organs grown in pigs, as well. “It’s truly mind-boggling to think of how many transplants we might be able to offer,” she said, adding, “You’d have to breed the pigs, of course.”
弗里德曼说，她还设想使用猪的心脏、肝脏和其他器官。“想想我们能提供多少移植手术，这真的令人难以置信，”她还说。“当然，我们需要培育这些猪。”
弗里德曼说，她还设想使用猪的心脏、肝脏和其他器官。“想想我们能提供多少移植手术，这真的令人难以置信，”她还说。“当然，我们需要培育这些猪。”
Other experts were more reserved, saying they wanted to see whether the results were reproducible and to review data collected by N.Y.U. Langone.
还有一些专家则比较谨慎，他们说希望看看这些结果是否具有可重复性，并审阅纽约大学兰贡学院收集的数据。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
还有一些专家则比较谨慎，他们说希望看看这些结果是否具有可重复性，并审阅纽约大学兰贡学院收集的数据。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
“There’s no question this is a tour de force, in that it’s hard to do and you have to jump through a lot of hoops,” said Dr. Jay A. Fishman, associate director of the transplantation center at Massachusetts General Hospital.
“毫无疑问，这是一项壮举，因为这很难做到，必须克服很多困难，”马萨诸塞州总医院(Massachusetts General Hospital)移植中心副主任杰伊·A·菲什曼(Jay A. Fishman)说。
“毫无疑问，这是一项壮举，因为这很难做到，必须克服很多困难，”马萨诸塞州总医院(Massachusetts General Hospital)移植中心副主任杰伊·A·菲什曼(Jay A. Fishman)说。
“Whether this particular study advances the field will depend on what data they collected and whether they share it, or whether it is a step just to show they can do it,” Dr. Fishman said. He urged humility “about what we know.”
“这项研究是否会推动该领域的发展，将取决于他们收集了什么数据，以及他们是否分享这些数据，或者这只是表明他们可以做到这件事中的一个步骤，”菲什曼说。他呼吁以谦逊的态度对待“我们的所知”。
“这项研究是否会推动该领域的发展，将取决于他们收集了什么数据，以及他们是否分享这些数据，或者这只是表明他们可以做到这件事中的一个步骤，”菲什曼说。他呼吁以谦逊的态度对待“我们的所知”。
Many hurdles remain before genetically engineered pigs’ organs can be used in living human beings, said Dr. David Klassen, chief medical officer of the United Network for Organ Sharing.
器官共享联合网络的首席医疗官戴维·克拉森(David Klassen)博士表示，在将转基因猪的器官用于活人身上之前，还有许多障碍。
器官共享联合网络的首席医疗官戴维·克拉森(David Klassen)博士表示，在将转基因猪的器官用于活人身上之前，还有许多障碍。
While he called the surgery “a watershed moment,” he warned that long-term rejection of organs occurs even when the donor kidney is well-matched, and “even when you’re not trying to cross species barriers.”
虽然他把这次手术称为“一个分水岭时刻”，但他警告说，即使捐赠者的肾脏匹配度很高，而且“即使你没有试图跨越物种障碍”，也会发生器官的长期排斥。
虽然他把这次手术称为“一个分水岭时刻”，但他警告说，即使捐赠者的肾脏匹配度很高，而且“即使你没有试图跨越物种障碍”，也会发生器官的长期排斥。
The kidney has functions in addition to clearing blood of toxins. And there are concerns about pig viruses infecting recipients, Dr. Klassen said: “It’s a complicated field, and to imagine that we know all of the things that are going to happen and all the problems that will arise is naïve.”
除了清除血液中的毒素外，肾脏还有其他功能。还有人担心猪病毒会感染接受者，克拉森说：“这是一个复杂的领域，认为我们可以知道所有将会发生的事情和所有将会出现的问题，那就太天真了。”
除了清除血液中的毒素外，肾脏还有其他功能。还有人担心猪病毒会感染接受者，克拉森说：“这是一个复杂的领域，认为我们可以知道所有将会发生的事情和所有将会出现的问题，那就太天真了。”
The combination of two new technologies — gene editing and cloning — has yielded genetically altered pig organs. Pig hearts and kidneys have been transplanted successfully into monkeys and baboons, but safety concerns precluded their use in humans.
两项新技术——基因编辑和克隆——的结合产生了基因改变的猪器官。猪的心脏和肾脏已被成功地移植到猴子和狒狒体内，但出于安全考虑，它们不能用于人类。
两项新技术——基因编辑和克隆——的结合产生了基因改变的猪器官。猪的心脏和肾脏已被成功地移植到猴子和狒狒体内，但出于安全考虑，它们不能用于人类。
“The field up to now has been stuck in the preclinical primate stage, because going from primate to living human is perceived as a big jump,” Dr. Montgomery said.
“到目前为止，这一领域一直停留在灵长类动物临床前阶段，因为从灵长类动物到活人被认为是一个大飞跃，”蒙哥马利说。
“到目前为止，这一领域一直停留在灵长类动物临床前阶段，因为从灵长类动物到活人被认为是一个大飞跃，”蒙哥马利说。
The kidney used in the new procedure was obtained by knocking out a pig gene that encodes a sugar molecule that elicits an aggressive human rejection response. The pig was genetically engineered by Revivicor and approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as a source for human therapeutics.
在新手术中使用的肾脏是通过敲除猪的一种基因获得的，这种基因编码一种糖分子，会引发强烈的人类排斥反应。这头猪由Revivicor公司进行基因工程改造，并获得美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration)的批准，可作为人类治疗的来源。
在新手术中使用的肾脏是通过敲除猪的一种基因获得的，这种基因编码一种糖分子，会引发强烈的人类排斥反应。这头猪由Revivicor公司进行基因工程改造，并获得美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration)的批准，可作为人类治疗的来源。
评论翻译
DeBabyDoll
My husband has PKD stage 1. We've been following the bionic kidney thing forever and thankfully, he's maintaining for now. This development is amazing and looks promising
我丈夫患有多囊肾，处于第一阶段。我们一直在关注仿生肾的事情，谢天谢地，他现在还在坚持。这一进展是惊人的，看起来很有希望。
My husband has PKD stage 1. We've been following the bionic kidney thing forever and thankfully, he's maintaining for now. This development is amazing and looks promising
我丈夫患有多囊肾，处于第一阶段。我们一直在关注仿生肾的事情，谢天谢地，他现在还在坚持。这一进展是惊人的，看起来很有希望。
baneofthesouth
I have unfortunately passed this on to my son. I am willing to try out anything if it will help his future. I just recently started some new meds that are supposed to slow the growth of the cysts. Fingers crossed for all of us
很不幸，我把这个遗传给了我儿子。只要对他的未来有帮助，我什么都愿意尝试。我最近刚开始用一些新药可以减缓囊肿的生长。为我们所有人祈祷
I have unfortunately passed this on to my son. I am willing to try out anything if it will help his future. I just recently started some new meds that are supposed to slow the growth of the cysts. Fingers crossed for all of us
很不幸，我把这个遗传给了我儿子。只要对他的未来有帮助，我什么都愿意尝试。我最近刚开始用一些新药可以减缓囊肿的生长。为我们所有人祈祷
jakeblues68
Stage IV checking in! I am looking forward to trading two shitty human kidneys for one healthy pig kidney.
已经进行到第四阶段了!我很期待用两个烂肾换一个健康的猪肾。
Stage IV checking in! I am looking forward to trading two shitty human kidneys for one healthy pig kidney.
已经进行到第四阶段了!我很期待用两个烂肾换一个健康的猪肾。
baneofthesouth
My brother got both of his removed. Combined they weighed approximately 20lbs. He just recently got a transplant too
我哥哥把他的两个肾都移除了。它们加起来大约有20磅重。他最近也做了移植手术
My brother got both of his removed. Combined they weighed approximately 20lbs. He just recently got a transplant too
我哥哥把他的两个肾都移除了。它们加起来大约有20磅重。他最近也做了移植手术
jakeblues68
How long was he on the list?
他等了多久了?
How long was he on the list?
他等了多久了?
baneofthesouth
should say about 2 years. Might have been a little bit longer
Edited to add that his wife had to donate hers to get him one
大概两年吧。可能会更久一点
补充：他的妻子把自己的肾捐出去给他换了一个
should say about 2 years. Might have been a little bit longer
Edited to add that his wife had to donate hers to get him one
大概两年吧。可能会更久一点
补充：他的妻子把自己的肾捐出去给他换了一个
cocoagiant
How does that work? she donated to someone else and that moved him up the list?
这是怎么做到的?她捐了自己的给别人，就能把她丈夫的等候名次提前吗?
How does that work? she donated to someone else and that moved him up the list?
这是怎么做到的?她捐了自己的给别人，就能把她丈夫的等候名次提前吗?
PickledFishFeet
It’s basically a trade. She’s a match for someone else on the list, and that person has someone willing to donate that matched the husband. So, they swap.
这基本上是一种交易。她和名单上的另一个人匹配，而那个人也有一个匹配她丈夫的人愿意捐赠。所以,他们达成了交换协议。
It’s basically a trade. She’s a match for someone else on the list, and that person has someone willing to donate that matched the husband. So, they swap.
这基本上是一种交易。她和名单上的另一个人匹配，而那个人也有一个匹配她丈夫的人愿意捐赠。所以,他们达成了交换协议。
Rndom0s2oh
I was a nephrology nurse for 17 years. Wishing you all successful transplants. I loved my job because of the relationships that I developed with my patients. Knowing I was helping them live another day made the early mornings and long hours worth it.
我做了17年的肾病护士。祝你们移植成功。我热爱我的工作，因为我与我的病人建立了良好的关系。我知道我只是在帮助他们再活一天，每多熬过一个清晨和一个小时都是值得的。
I was a nephrology nurse for 17 years. Wishing you all successful transplants. I loved my job because of the relationships that I developed with my patients. Knowing I was helping them live another day made the early mornings and long hours worth it.
我做了17年的肾病护士。祝你们移植成功。我热爱我的工作，因为我与我的病人建立了良好的关系。我知道我只是在帮助他们再活一天，每多熬过一个清晨和一个小时都是值得的。
Do_it_with_care
Nephrology Nurse here also. The lists are long and Dislysis centers are busy and seeing new ones being built. I hope this takes off. Worked at Boston Children's Hospital few years back and some of the worst were 2-3 failed transplants. The kids were great and dealt with it better than I had imagined. I really hope this takes off. Don't want to insert needles for child dialysis 3 times a week anymore. Those little Dislysis chairs I saw would make you cry. They Hospital has millions of endowment money invested just for kidney research. Amazing things they did.
我也是肾脏科护士。等候肾脏移植的名单很长，我希望这项试验能成功。几年前在波士顿儿童医院工作过，最糟糕事情的是发生了2-3例移植失败案例。孩子们都很好，他们比我想象的要坚强。我真的希望试验能成功。不想再为儿童透析一周插三次针了。那些小透析椅会让你哭的。医院投入了数百万的捐赠基金用于肾脏研究。他们做了很多有意义的事情。
Nephrology Nurse here also. The lists are long and Dislysis centers are busy and seeing new ones being built. I hope this takes off. Worked at Boston Children's Hospital few years back and some of the worst were 2-3 failed transplants. The kids were great and dealt with it better than I had imagined. I really hope this takes off. Don't want to insert needles for child dialysis 3 times a week anymore. Those little Dislysis chairs I saw would make you cry. They Hospital has millions of endowment money invested just for kidney research. Amazing things they did.
我也是肾脏科护士。等候肾脏移植的名单很长，我希望这项试验能成功。几年前在波士顿儿童医院工作过，最糟糕事情的是发生了2-3例移植失败案例。孩子们都很好，他们比我想象的要坚强。我真的希望试验能成功。不想再为儿童透析一周插三次针了。那些小透析椅会让你哭的。医院投入了数百万的捐赠基金用于肾脏研究。他们做了很多有意义的事情。
baneofthesouth
Someone once said it was called a domino transplant. You have a partner who isn’t a match for you but is for someone else and that will move you up the list. My nephrologist told me he had seen the chain go up to twenty people before. You just have to have someone willing to give one up for you to get you one from someone else.
有人曾经称为多米诺骨牌移植。你的伴侣提供的不是你的肾脏，而是别人的肾脏，这会让你在等候名单上的排名上升。我的肾病医生告诉我，他以前见过20个人互相匹配换肾。你只需要有人愿意为你放弃一个肾，就能从别人那里得到一个。
Someone once said it was called a domino transplant. You have a partner who isn’t a match for you but is for someone else and that will move you up the list. My nephrologist told me he had seen the chain go up to twenty people before. You just have to have someone willing to give one up for you to get you one from someone else.
有人曾经称为多米诺骨牌移植。你的伴侣提供的不是你的肾脏，而是别人的肾脏，这会让你在等候名单上的排名上升。我的肾病医生告诉我，他以前见过20个人互相匹配换肾。你只需要有人愿意为你放弃一个肾，就能从别人那里得到一个。
baneofthesouth
Yeah our options suck. My brother only got his new kidney because his wife donated hers to someone in Arizona, who then had a person who donated to someone in Florida, who then had a person who donated to him.
是啊，我们的选择糟透了。我哥哥得到了新肾是因为他的妻子把她的肾捐给了亚利桑那州的一个人，那个人又把她的肾捐给了佛罗里达州的一个人，佛罗里达州的另一个人又把她的肾捐给了我哥哥。
Yeah our options suck. My brother only got his new kidney because his wife donated hers to someone in Arizona, who then had a person who donated to someone in Florida, who then had a person who donated to him.
是啊，我们的选择糟透了。我哥哥得到了新肾是因为他的妻子把她的肾捐给了亚利桑那州的一个人，那个人又把她的肾捐给了佛罗里达州的一个人，佛罗里达州的另一个人又把她的肾捐给了我哥哥。
_catt
I had my daughter pass at 10 days old. Juliette Rose was her name and she had ARPKD.
我女儿10天大的时候就走了。茱莉亚·罗斯是她的名字，她患有多囊肾。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I had my daughter pass at 10 days old. Juliette Rose was her name and she had ARPKD.
我女儿10天大的时候就走了。茱莉亚·罗斯是她的名字，她患有多囊肾。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
baneofthesouth
My heart hurts for your loss. I passed it on to my son as well. I sit here every day and deal with the guilt of what I gave him. He went into the hospital for 5 days for an internal bleed from a cyst rupturing. I have never been so afraid in my life and cried every night. I can’t even imagine what you went thru. I can only say I’m sorry and if I could see you I would buy you drinks till we were both drunk and yell fuck off to pkd at the top of lungs … and then pay for your bail after we were arrested for public intoxication
我为你感到难过。我也遗传给了我儿子。我每天都背负着愧疚感。他因为囊肿破裂内出血住院5天。我这辈子从没这么害怕过，每天晚上都哭。我甚至无法想象你经历了什么。我只能说我很抱歉，如果我能见到你，我会请你喝酒，直到我们都喝醉了，然后大声地喊“去你妈的肾病”，然后在我们因为在公共场合醉酒被捕后，再为你支付保释金
My heart hurts for your loss. I passed it on to my son as well. I sit here every day and deal with the guilt of what I gave him. He went into the hospital for 5 days for an internal bleed from a cyst rupturing. I have never been so afraid in my life and cried every night. I can’t even imagine what you went thru. I can only say I’m sorry and if I could see you I would buy you drinks till we were both drunk and yell fuck off to pkd at the top of lungs … and then pay for your bail after we were arrested for public intoxication
我为你感到难过。我也遗传给了我儿子。我每天都背负着愧疚感。他因为囊肿破裂内出血住院5天。我这辈子从没这么害怕过，每天晚上都哭。我甚至无法想象你经历了什么。我只能说我很抱歉，如果我能见到你，我会请你喝酒，直到我们都喝醉了，然后大声地喊“去你妈的肾病”，然后在我们因为在公共场合醉酒被捕后，再为你支付保释金
Zaphodnotbeeblebrox
This is huge IMO. The new organ was not rejected by the patient. The next step is clinical trial on patients with kidney failure. If the findings hold, the future of organ transplantation will be different.
在我看来，这是一件大事。新器官没有被病人排斥。下一步是对肾衰竭患者进行临床试验。如果这些结果可靠，器官移植的未来将是光明的。
This is huge IMO. The new organ was not rejected by the patient. The next step is clinical trial on patients with kidney failure. If the findings hold, the future of organ transplantation will be different.
在我看来，这是一件大事。新器官没有被病人排斥。下一步是对肾衰竭患者进行临床试验。如果这些结果可靠，器官移植的未来将是光明的。
Techfreak102
To be fair, this research is only being done because the US has prevented research into using human stem cells to this same extent. I can’t imagine continuing to use pig organs when we finally progress to being able to engineer synthetic human organs, since their organs are still just a “close enough” match and not the real deal.
公平地说，这项研究之所以能够进行，只是因为美国阻止了人类干细胞的研究。如果我们最终能够制造出人造人体器官时，怎么会使用猪的器官，因为它们的器官仍然只是“足够接近”匹配，而不是真正的匹配。
To be fair, this research is only being done because the US has prevented research into using human stem cells to this same extent. I can’t imagine continuing to use pig organs when we finally progress to being able to engineer synthetic human organs, since their organs are still just a “close enough” match and not the real deal.
公平地说，这项研究之所以能够进行，只是因为美国阻止了人类干细胞的研究。如果我们最终能够制造出人造人体器官时，怎么会使用猪的器官，因为它们的器官仍然只是“足够接近”匹配，而不是真正的匹配。
BrerChicken
That human is actually already dead. They attached this kidney to a dead person, connecting it to two large blood vessels, but outside of the body
那个病人其实已经死了。他们把这个肾连接到一个死人身上，在体外连接到两根大血管上
That human is actually already dead. They attached this kidney to a dead person, connecting it to two large blood vessels, but outside of the body
那个病人其实已经死了。他们把这个肾连接到一个死人身上，在体外连接到两根大血管上
Blackmail30000
Chillax bro they’re only brain dead. Half of the us population has the same problem.
冷静点，兄弟，只是脑死亡而已。一半的美国人都有同样的问题。
Chillax bro they’re only brain dead. Half of the us population has the same problem.
冷静点，兄弟，只是脑死亡而已。一半的美国人都有同样的问题。
maytheforcepeewithu
Im 31 year old that has been on dialysis 3 years. Ill take a pig kidney
我31岁，已经透析3年了。我需要一个猪肾
Im 31 year old that has been on dialysis 3 years. Ill take a pig kidney
我31岁，已经透析3年了。我需要一个猪肾
Onyxprimal
Wow. I’m currently Stage 5 kidney failure and on Dialysis. This give me a tiny bit of hope.
哇。我现在是肾衰竭5期，正在做透析。这给了我一点希望。
Wow. I’m currently Stage 5 kidney failure and on Dialysis. This give me a tiny bit of hope.
哇。我现在是肾衰竭5期，正在做透析。这给了我一点希望。
oljeffe
A good friend of mine works for a bio-tech company. They have survived on venture capital funding for 2 decades,never actually brought a product to market. Once cloning was the hard part. Not so anymore. Then came the experiments where they introduced specifically edited human DNA sequences into animal ovum in attempts to replace existing sequences to get the animals to exhibit specific traits. In one case it was an attempt to get a cow to produce human insulin. Proved exceedingly difficult despite some promising attempts. This story leads me to believe that the trend is now direct editing of the animals DNA itself.
Researchers will continue to make progress. In 50 years that feedlot off the highway as you drive though Iowa may very well not be exclusively for animals raised for consumption but contain animals producing medicines or organs.
我的一个好朋友在一家生物科技公司工作。20年来，他们依靠风险投资生存下来，但从未真正将产品推向市场。克隆曾经是最难的部分。但现在已经不是了，现在困难的是如何成功将经过特别编辑的人类DNA序列引入动物卵子，替换现有序列，使动物表现出特定的特征。比如试图让牛产生人类胰岛素。尽管研究人员做了一些有希望的尝试，但还是非常困难。这让我相信，现在的趋势是直接编辑动物DNA本身。
研究人员将继续取得进展。在未来50年里，如果你开车经过爱荷华州高速公路边上的饲养场，里面很可能不是专门为食用而饲养的动物，而是为生产药物或器官而饲养的动物。
A good friend of mine works for a bio-tech company. They have survived on venture capital funding for 2 decades,never actually brought a product to market. Once cloning was the hard part. Not so anymore. Then came the experiments where they introduced specifically edited human DNA sequences into animal ovum in attempts to replace existing sequences to get the animals to exhibit specific traits. In one case it was an attempt to get a cow to produce human insulin. Proved exceedingly difficult despite some promising attempts. This story leads me to believe that the trend is now direct editing of the animals DNA itself.
Researchers will continue to make progress. In 50 years that feedlot off the highway as you drive though Iowa may very well not be exclusively for animals raised for consumption but contain animals producing medicines or organs.
我的一个好朋友在一家生物科技公司工作。20年来，他们依靠风险投资生存下来，但从未真正将产品推向市场。克隆曾经是最难的部分。但现在已经不是了，现在困难的是如何成功将经过特别编辑的人类DNA序列引入动物卵子，替换现有序列，使动物表现出特定的特征。比如试图让牛产生人类胰岛素。尽管研究人员做了一些有希望的尝试，但还是非常困难。这让我相信，现在的趋势是直接编辑动物DNA本身。
研究人员将继续取得进展。在未来50年里，如果你开车经过爱荷华州高速公路边上的饲养场，里面很可能不是专门为食用而饲养的动物，而是为生产药物或器官而饲养的动物。
m9felix
Aren’t pigs technically some of the filthiest creatures? Why pigs the human body won’t reject it later?
猪不是最脏的生物吗?为什么猪器官进入人体后，人体不会排斥他?
Aren’t pigs technically some of the filthiest creatures? Why pigs the human body won’t reject it later?
猪不是最脏的生物吗?为什么猪器官进入人体后，人体不会排斥他?
gman2u
Pigs don’t like to be filthy, they need to be if they are raised in warm climates without provided shade. Pigs like humans need to stay cool. Wild pigs that live in forests in cooler climates are extremely clean and do not roll in their feces. They don’t like heat and why pigs roll in mud and filth including excrement is to coat their body to stay cool if it’s their only option. Humans also used cover their body in mud to stop sweat evaporation in warmer climates. As well, pigs lungs are small compared to their body size and can’t blow off excess heat effectively either. So why in the middle east did pigs became forbidden to eat and be labeled as dirty and why does it still continue? Pigs were being raised in and environment that they were unsuited for; feces, urine, spilt drinking water, and sand/dirt probably made a nice mud for the pigs to roll in to stay cool and thus were labeled unclean Pigs are still eaten by most of the globe because the land is optimal for domestication in forested cooler nations. there are many people alive today because of replacement heart valves made from pigs. Science and morality will always fight but humans continue to exist and exist longer because of our use and exploitation of animals.
猪不喜欢脏环境。生活在寒冷气候下的森林里的野猪非常干净，不会在粪便中打滚。他们不喜欢炎热的天气，为什么猪会在泥土和粪便中打滚，因为这是他们唯一的选择，是为了给他们的身体裹上一层外衣来保持凉爽。在炎热的气候下，人类也用泥土覆盖身体以阻止汗水蒸发。此外，猪的肺比它们的身体小，不能有效地散热。
这就是为什么在中东，人们禁止吃猪，并把猪贴上肮脏的标签。猪被饲养在不适合的环境中;粪便、尿液、水和沙子会猪当作保持凉爽的泥土，因此被贴上不干净的标签。
但全球大部分地区仍在吃猪，因为猪最适合在森林茂密、气候凉爽的国家驯化。今天有许多人活着是因为用猪器官做的心脏瓣膜。科学和道德总是会斗争，但是人类会继续存在下去，靠的是使用和剥削动物。
Pigs don’t like to be filthy, they need to be if they are raised in warm climates without provided shade. Pigs like humans need to stay cool. Wild pigs that live in forests in cooler climates are extremely clean and do not roll in their feces. They don’t like heat and why pigs roll in mud and filth including excrement is to coat their body to stay cool if it’s their only option. Humans also used cover their body in mud to stop sweat evaporation in warmer climates. As well, pigs lungs are small compared to their body size and can’t blow off excess heat effectively either. So why in the middle east did pigs became forbidden to eat and be labeled as dirty and why does it still continue? Pigs were being raised in and environment that they were unsuited for; feces, urine, spilt drinking water, and sand/dirt probably made a nice mud for the pigs to roll in to stay cool and thus were labeled unclean Pigs are still eaten by most of the globe because the land is optimal for domestication in forested cooler nations. there are many people alive today because of replacement heart valves made from pigs. Science and morality will always fight but humans continue to exist and exist longer because of our use and exploitation of animals.
猪不喜欢脏环境。生活在寒冷气候下的森林里的野猪非常干净，不会在粪便中打滚。他们不喜欢炎热的天气，为什么猪会在泥土和粪便中打滚，因为这是他们唯一的选择，是为了给他们的身体裹上一层外衣来保持凉爽。在炎热的气候下，人类也用泥土覆盖身体以阻止汗水蒸发。此外，猪的肺比它们的身体小，不能有效地散热。
这就是为什么在中东，人们禁止吃猪，并把猪贴上肮脏的标签。猪被饲养在不适合的环境中;粪便、尿液、水和沙子会猪当作保持凉爽的泥土，因此被贴上不干净的标签。
但全球大部分地区仍在吃猪，因为猪最适合在森林茂密、气候凉爽的国家驯化。今天有许多人活着是因为用猪器官做的心脏瓣膜。科学和道德总是会斗争，但是人类会继续存在下去，靠的是使用和剥削动物。
tryplot
my plan is to donate my body to a university to help train future surgeons.
我的计划是把我的遗体捐给一所大学，帮助培养未来的外科医生。
my plan is to donate my body to a university to help train future surgeons.
我的计划是把我的遗体捐给一所大学，帮助培养未来的外科医生。
mobappbrowse
I’m not religious and neither is the university I went to but there’s a non-denominational chapel on the campus. Every year they would have a (non-denominational, not really religious at all) ceremony for all the people who donated their bodies to the medical school. Lots of family would come. It was a very nice acknowledgment of the deceased’s contribution.
我不信教，我上的大学也不信教，但校园里有一个无教派的教堂。每年他们都会为所有向医学院捐赠遗体的人举行一个仪式(没有教派，非宗教性质)。很多家庭都会来。这是对死者奉献的非常好的致谢。
I’m not religious and neither is the university I went to but there’s a non-denominational chapel on the campus. Every year they would have a (non-denominational, not really religious at all) ceremony for all the people who donated their bodies to the medical school. Lots of family would come. It was a very nice acknowledgment of the deceased’s contribution.
我不信教，我上的大学也不信教，但校园里有一个无教派的教堂。每年他们都会为所有向医学院捐赠遗体的人举行一个仪式(没有教派，非宗教性质)。很多家庭都会来。这是对死者奉献的非常好的致谢。
Hockeygoalie35
As a 26 y.o. dialysis patient, I’m excited to see what comes of this, as well as the recent artificial kidney development, as well as Harvard’s stem cell trial. Hopefully there will be lots of options for people like me.
作为一名26岁的透析患者，我很高兴看到这项研究的成果，以及最近的人工肾脏的发展，以及哈佛大学的干细胞试验。希望像我这样的人能有很多选择。
As a 26 y.o. dialysis patient, I’m excited to see what comes of this, as well as the recent artificial kidney development, as well as Harvard’s stem cell trial. Hopefully there will be lots of options for people like me.
作为一名26岁的透析患者，我很高兴看到这项研究的成果，以及最近的人工肾脏的发展，以及哈佛大学的干细胞试验。希望像我这样的人能有很多选择。
lollipoppa72
Stupid but serious question - how do vegans feel about this? Is using animal organs to save human lives as unethical as using them for food?
一个愚蠢但严肃的问题——素食者对此有何感想?用动物器官来拯救人类的生命和用它们来做食物一样不道德吗
Stupid but serious question - how do vegans feel about this? Is using animal organs to save human lives as unethical as using them for food?
一个愚蠢但严肃的问题——素食者对此有何感想?用动物器官来拯救人类的生命和用它们来做食物一样不道德吗
petantic
They can get tofu kidneys.
他们可以得到豆腐肾。
They can get tofu kidneys.
他们可以得到豆腐肾。
mr_friend_computer
Vegans might give you a pass, but PETA now has full license to euthanize you.
素食主义者可能不说什么，但善待动物组织已经准备把你安乐死。
Vegans might give you a pass, but PETA now has full license to euthanize you.
素食主义者可能不说什么，但善待动物组织已经准备把你安乐死。
acatisadog
I'd say the proportion of vegans that would try to forbid this would be pretty high (around 25%, most still put the lives of humans above animals), but I'm pretty sure almost none would refuse to save their own ass. That's the way humans work imo
我想说，反对它的素食主义者比例相当高(大约25%，大多数人仍然把人的生命置于动物之上)，但我非常肯定，几乎没有人会拒绝用动物器官拯救自己的生命。在我看来，这就是人类的天性
I'd say the proportion of vegans that would try to forbid this would be pretty high (around 25%, most still put the lives of humans above animals), but I'm pretty sure almost none would refuse to save their own ass. That's the way humans work imo
我想说，反对它的素食主义者比例相当高(大约25%，大多数人仍然把人的生命置于动物之上)，但我非常肯定，几乎没有人会拒绝用动物器官拯救自己的生命。在我看来，这就是人类的天性
HandsOnGeek
"I like pigs. Dogs look up to us, Cats look down on us, but a Pig will look you straight in the eye and see his equal."
—Winston Churchill
“我喜欢猪。狗会仰望我们，猫会瞧不起我们，但猪会直视你的眼睛，看到和它一样的人。”
温斯顿丘吉尔
"I like pigs. Dogs look up to us, Cats look down on us, but a Pig will look you straight in the eye and see his equal."
—Winston Churchill
“我喜欢猪。狗会仰望我们，猫会瞧不起我们，但猪会直视你的眼睛，看到和它一样的人。”
温斯顿丘吉尔
NeedsMoreJava
The kidney not triggering rejection is very interesting to me. Does that mean that, were the patient alive, they wouldn’t need anti-rejection medication? Or were they on anti-rejection medicine while the procedure was being done?
我对猪肾脏不会引发排斥反应很感兴趣。这是否意味着，如果病人还活着，他们就不需要抗排斥药物了?还是只在手术期间服用抗排斥药物?
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The kidney not triggering rejection is very interesting to me. Does that mean that, were the patient alive, they wouldn’t need anti-rejection medication? Or were they on anti-rejection medicine while the procedure was being done?
我对猪肾脏不会引发排斥反应很感兴趣。这是否意味着，如果病人还活着，他们就不需要抗排斥药物了?还是只在手术期间服用抗排斥药物?
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
很赞 0
收藏