网友讨论：哪些国家可以在制造业上与中国竞争？
正文翻译
What countries can compete with Chinese manufacturing?
哪些国家可以在制造业上与中国竞争？
What countries can compete with Chinese manufacturing?
哪些国家可以在制造业上与中国竞争？
评论翻译
=============
Jonri Purwak, Been to Bejing, Shanghai, Hanzhou, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Macau, and Hong Kong.
According to UN report, India has the largest number of youth population. This means that, with more population, India is able to provide cheaper labor cost than China. Infact, due to China’s economic growth, their labor wage has become more expensive that many foreign companies are relocating their companies from China to Vietnam. India also has many raw materials, which is suitable for manufacturing.
Top 10 countries with largest youth population, according to UN report
根据联合国的报告，印度是青年人口最多的国家。这意味着，随着人口的增加，印度能够提供比中国更便宜的劳动力成本。事实上，由于中国经济的发展，他们的劳动力成本变得更加昂贵，许多外国公司正将他们的公司从中国迁往越南。印度还有很多原材料，很适合发展制造业。
联合国报告显示，青年人口最多的前10个国家（链接）。
中国：畅销车型销量2019 | Statista。
美国制造的波音飞机仍在中国航空市场占据主导地位，甚至在移动市场上，苹果仍占有可观的份额。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
然而，事实上，中国在每个领域都发展了工业能力，除了传统和奢侈品领域，中国几乎可以超过任何其他国家。
但这并不意味着中国能够提供更好的质量和整体上更好的产品。通常情况恰恰相反，许多中国产品之所以受欢迎，仅仅是因为由于那里的工资低得多、环境约束少，它们的价格比其他地方制造的产品便宜得多。
在迪拜
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
科威特的朝鲜式摩天大楼。
我不确定这是否是真的，但许多在朝鲜与中国边境附近建立的工厂正在利用朝鲜低廉的劳动力成本。
Joshua Rubin
, V.P. Business Development at Javid LLC (2013-present)
There are by far many advantages to manufacturers to look at China to manufacture their products. China has a lot of natural resources that gives them the advantage to being a strong Country that has dominated the world’s industry.
However, there are countries that can go toe to toe with China in many areas. Mexico is one of those. The location it has on China beats anything China can offer. Being in the same time zone, having strong IP laws, having longer work weeks, lower labor, Javid signed more free trade agreements with other countries and now being named again number 1 trading partner with the US.
Mexico’s manufacturing sector is dominating and growing every day more and more. The technology, and skilled labor will beat China any day.
If you want to learn more and get Into greater detail. Reach out me.
https://www.Javidllc.com
到目前为止，制造商在中国制造产品有很多优势。中国拥有大量的自然资源，这使其具有成为主导世界工业的强大国家的优势。
然而，有些国家可以在许多领域与中国并驾齐驱，墨西哥就是其中之一。它的位置比中国能提供的任何东西都要好，由于处于同一时区，拥有强有力的知识产权法，更长的工作周，更低的劳动力成本，加上Javid与其他国家签署了更多的自由贸易协定，现在它被评为美国的头号贸易伙伴。
墨西哥的制造业正日益占据主导地位并日益增长，其技术和熟练的劳动力随时都能打败中国。
如果你想了解更多细节，请点击。
, V.P. Business Development at Javid LLC (2013-present)
There are by far many advantages to manufacturers to look at China to manufacture their products. China has a lot of natural resources that gives them the advantage to being a strong Country that has dominated the world’s industry.
However, there are countries that can go toe to toe with China in many areas. Mexico is one of those. The location it has on China beats anything China can offer. Being in the same time zone, having strong IP laws, having longer work weeks, lower labor, Javid signed more free trade agreements with other countries and now being named again number 1 trading partner with the US.
Mexico’s manufacturing sector is dominating and growing every day more and more. The technology, and skilled labor will beat China any day.
If you want to learn more and get Into greater detail. Reach out me.
https://www.Javidllc.com
到目前为止，制造商在中国制造产品有很多优势。中国拥有大量的自然资源，这使其具有成为主导世界工业的强大国家的优势。
然而，有些国家可以在许多领域与中国并驾齐驱，墨西哥就是其中之一。它的位置比中国能提供的任何东西都要好，由于处于同一时区，拥有强有力的知识产权法，更长的工作周，更低的劳动力成本，加上Javid与其他国家签署了更多的自由贸易协定，现在它被评为美国的头号贸易伙伴。
墨西哥的制造业正日益占据主导地位并日益增长，其技术和熟练的劳动力随时都能打败中国。
如果你想了解更多细节，请点击。
https://www.Javidllc.com
===========
Ashley Lu
, Chinese company verification
China is a leading name in outsourced manufacturing. While there are numerous reasons for the same, some factors that benefit everyone similarly in this process, regardless of the kind of industry include the following:
Cheap Labour
A low-cost workforce remains the foremost reason for outsourcing the manufacturing of a product. China, due to its large population has a vast supply of workers who can easily cater to sourced jobs for other countries.
Affordable Production
Due to the imbalance in demand and supply, the China markets run at highly competitive prices which in turn reduces the production costs of a company.
Better Quality
The Chinese factories and management are particular about the quality of goods they produce. Thus superior quality products can be manufactured at low costs.
Quick Service
Owing to the fact of being the largest population in the world, the country has an abundance of manpower that can be hired as and when needed. Therefore, accommodating last-minute requests is simpler for them because they have no qualms about the number of people they need to hire.
Flexibility
Since more often than not, the manufacturers here are producing for more than one client, it is easier for them to accept cancellation requests coming in at a later point as they can supply those goods elsewhere.
中国是外包制造业的领头羊。尽管原因很多，但在这一过程中，无论行业类型如何，让每个人都同样受益的一些因素包括：
廉价劳动力
低成本劳动力仍然是外包产品制造的首要原因。由于人口众多，中国拥有大量的工人，他们可以轻松满足其他国家的外包需求。
负担得起的生产
由于供需失衡，中国市场以极具竞争力的价格运行，从而降低了公司的生产成本。
更好的质量
中国的工厂和管理层对他们生产的产品的质量很挑剔。因此，在中国可以低成本制造出高质量的产品。
快速服务
由于该国是世界上人口最多的国家，因此该国拥有大量的人力资源，可以在需要时雇用。因此，对他们来说，满足最后一刻的要求更简单，因为他们对需要雇用的人数没有顾虑。
灵活性
由于通常情况下，这里的制造商为不止一个客户生产产品，因此他们更容易接受稍后提出的取消请求，因为他们可以在其他地方供应这些产品。
===========
Ashley Lu
, Chinese company verification
China is a leading name in outsourced manufacturing. While there are numerous reasons for the same, some factors that benefit everyone similarly in this process, regardless of the kind of industry include the following:
Cheap Labour
A low-cost workforce remains the foremost reason for outsourcing the manufacturing of a product. China, due to its large population has a vast supply of workers who can easily cater to sourced jobs for other countries.
Affordable Production
Due to the imbalance in demand and supply, the China markets run at highly competitive prices which in turn reduces the production costs of a company.
Better Quality
The Chinese factories and management are particular about the quality of goods they produce. Thus superior quality products can be manufactured at low costs.
Quick Service
Owing to the fact of being the largest population in the world, the country has an abundance of manpower that can be hired as and when needed. Therefore, accommodating last-minute requests is simpler for them because they have no qualms about the number of people they need to hire.
Flexibility
Since more often than not, the manufacturers here are producing for more than one client, it is easier for them to accept cancellation requests coming in at a later point as they can supply those goods elsewhere.
中国是外包制造业的领头羊。尽管原因很多，但在这一过程中，无论行业类型如何，让每个人都同样受益的一些因素包括：
廉价劳动力
低成本劳动力仍然是外包产品制造的首要原因。由于人口众多，中国拥有大量的工人，他们可以轻松满足其他国家的外包需求。
负担得起的生产
由于供需失衡，中国市场以极具竞争力的价格运行，从而降低了公司的生产成本。
更好的质量
中国的工厂和管理层对他们生产的产品的质量很挑剔。因此，在中国可以低成本制造出高质量的产品。
快速服务
由于该国是世界上人口最多的国家，因此该国拥有大量的人力资源，可以在需要时雇用。因此，对他们来说，满足最后一刻的要求更简单，因为他们对需要雇用的人数没有顾虑。
灵活性
由于通常情况下，这里的制造商为不止一个客户生产产品，因此他们更容易接受稍后提出的取消请求，因为他们可以在其他地方供应这些产品。
=============
Jonri Purwak, Been to Bejing, Shanghai, Hanzhou, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Macau, and Hong Kong.
According to UN report, India has the largest number of youth population. This means that, with more population, India is able to provide cheaper labor cost than China. Infact, due to China’s economic growth, their labor wage has become more expensive that many foreign companies are relocating their companies from China to Vietnam. India also has many raw materials, which is suitable for manufacturing.
Top 10 countries with largest youth population, according to UN report
根据联合国的报告，印度是青年人口最多的国家。这意味着，随着人口的增加，印度能够提供比中国更便宜的劳动力成本。事实上，由于中国经济的发展，他们的劳动力成本变得更加昂贵，许多外国公司正将他们的公司从中国迁往越南。印度还有很多原材料，很适合发展制造业。
联合国报告显示，青年人口最多的前10个国家（链接）。
===============
Franklin Chidera, Amateur web developer, Historian, Biologist.
In low end manufacturing a lot of countries can compete and will eventually be preferred as China becomes more developed.
Virtually developing Asian and African countries would eventually be the preferred place for low end manufacturing as costs increase in China. What happened with all developed economy will eventually happen with China. The manufacturing industry would die off why the service industry grows.
But I suspect that for China it would take a longer time than it did with a whole lot of other economies given the fact that they have managed to grow and at the same time keep cost some what low.
在低端制造业中，很多国家都可以参与竞争，并且随着中国变得更加发达，它们最终将成为首选。
事实上，随着中国制造成本的上升，亚洲和非洲发展中国家最终将成为低端制造业的首选地。所有发达经济体的情况最终都会发生在中国，制造业会因为服务业的发展而消亡。
但我怀疑，对中国来说，这将需要比其他许多经济体更长的时间，因为它们已经成功地实现了增长，同时保持了一些低成本。
Franklin Chidera, Amateur web developer, Historian, Biologist.
In low end manufacturing a lot of countries can compete and will eventually be preferred as China becomes more developed.
Virtually developing Asian and African countries would eventually be the preferred place for low end manufacturing as costs increase in China. What happened with all developed economy will eventually happen with China. The manufacturing industry would die off why the service industry grows.
But I suspect that for China it would take a longer time than it did with a whole lot of other economies given the fact that they have managed to grow and at the same time keep cost some what low.
在低端制造业中，很多国家都可以参与竞争，并且随着中国变得更加发达，它们最终将成为首选。
事实上，随着中国制造成本的上升，亚洲和非洲发展中国家最终将成为低端制造业的首选地。所有发达经济体的情况最终都会发生在中国，制造业会因为服务业的发展而消亡。
但我怀疑，对中国来说，这将需要比其他许多经济体更长的时间，因为它们已经成功地实现了增长，同时保持了一些低成本。
===============
Monty Wu, lives in China (1993-present)
Actually, quite a lot.
Because China is transforming its economy and cheap labor, which is an essential factor to master manufacturing industries, is no longer common in China now.
You see more shoes and clothes of the same brand, that were used to be “made in China”, instead made in Vietnam and Thailand. China knew its reliance on manufacturing has to change so the government has spent more and more each year to support technology firms and start-ups. It is now boosting its technological innovation, trying to get more value added.
实际上，（这样的国家）相当多。
因为中国正在进行经济转型，而廉价劳动力这一掌握制造业的要素在中国已经不常见了。
你会看到更多的同一品牌的鞋子和衣服，以前是“中国制造”，而现在是越南和泰国制造。中国知道它必须改变对制造业的依赖，所以中国政府每年花费越来越多的钱来支持技术公司和初创企业。它现在正在推动技术创新，试图获得更多的附加值。
Monty Wu, lives in China (1993-present)
Actually, quite a lot.
Because China is transforming its economy and cheap labor, which is an essential factor to master manufacturing industries, is no longer common in China now.
You see more shoes and clothes of the same brand, that were used to be “made in China”, instead made in Vietnam and Thailand. China knew its reliance on manufacturing has to change so the government has spent more and more each year to support technology firms and start-ups. It is now boosting its technological innovation, trying to get more value added.
实际上，（这样的国家）相当多。
因为中国正在进行经济转型，而廉价劳动力这一掌握制造业的要素在中国已经不常见了。
你会看到更多的同一品牌的鞋子和衣服，以前是“中国制造”，而现在是越南和泰国制造。中国知道它必须改变对制造业的依赖，所以中国政府每年花费越来越多的钱来支持技术公司和初创企业。它现在正在推动技术创新，试图获得更多的附加值。
============
Charlie Tipton, B.A. from Baylor University (1986)
Originally Answered: What country can replace China in manufacturing?
I think the answer is that different areas of manufacturing will go to different countries. Assembling will be in a different location than making plastic cases. Chips might be somewhere completely different.
I saw a map this week showing which other Asian nations specialized in certain types of manufacturing. I just don’t remember where I saw it.
One nation I would like to see pick up much of the slack is Mexico.
我认为答案是不同的制造业领域将流向不同的国家。组装相对于制造塑料箱将分散在更多的国家，芯片也可能在完全不同的地方生产。
本周我看到一张地图，上面显示了哪些亚洲国家专门从事某些类型的制造业。不过我不记得我在哪里看到的了。
我希望看到的一个国家是墨西哥。
Charlie Tipton, B.A. from Baylor University (1986)
Originally Answered: What country can replace China in manufacturing?
I think the answer is that different areas of manufacturing will go to different countries. Assembling will be in a different location than making plastic cases. Chips might be somewhere completely different.
I saw a map this week showing which other Asian nations specialized in certain types of manufacturing. I just don’t remember where I saw it.
One nation I would like to see pick up much of the slack is Mexico.
我认为答案是不同的制造业领域将流向不同的国家。组装相对于制造塑料箱将分散在更多的国家，芯片也可能在完全不同的地方生产。
本周我看到一张地图，上面显示了哪些亚洲国家专门从事某些类型的制造业。不过我不记得我在哪里看到的了。
我希望看到的一个国家是墨西哥。
==============
Roberto Santocho, Working with manufacturers in China since the 1980s
Q: What countries can compete with Chinese manufacturing?
A: All countries with low labor rates can compete with China
China is popular for final assembly because the labor rates are extremely low and don't contribute much to the cost of the final product
China has a gigantic population so they can rotate new people in and out of the assembly plants without raising labor rates
The assembly lines on China were all invented by the West, they are simply the most modern interpretation of what Henry Ford invented in the United States in 1903
Assembly lines can be constructed in any country the technology is owned by the West
Modern Training for assembly line workers is a Western concept and can be taken and taught anywhere in the world
There are many countries with labor rates as low as China or lower
Any one of those countries can take over from China
Vietnam and India have already started taking over from China
Many other countries are already vying for the assembly business from the United States and other Western countries
Generally where the US goes, then several other Western countries will also go there so they can share facilities and lower costs
Q： 哪些国家可以与中国制造业竞争？
A： 所有劳动力价格低的国家都能与中国竞争。 中国在总装方面很受欢迎，是因为中国的劳动力价格极低，对最终产品的成本贡献不大。
中国人口众多，因此他们可以在不提高劳动生产率的情况下，在装配厂里调换新人。
中国工厂的流水线都是西方发明的，它们只是对1903年亨利·福特在美国的发明的最现代的诠释。
装配线可以在任何一个技术为西方所有的国家建造。
装配线工人的现代培训是一个西方概念，这可以在世界任何地方进行和教授。
有许多国家的劳动力价格与中国一样低或更低。
这些国家中的任何一个都可以从中国接手制造业。
越南和印度已经开始接手中国制造业。
许多其他国家已经在与中国争夺美国和其他西方国家的组装业务。
一般而言，美国去哪里，其他西方国家也会去那里，这样他们就可以共享设施，降低成本。 =============
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Roberto Santocho, Working with manufacturers in China since the 1980s
Q: What countries can compete with Chinese manufacturing?
A: All countries with low labor rates can compete with China
China is popular for final assembly because the labor rates are extremely low and don't contribute much to the cost of the final product
China has a gigantic population so they can rotate new people in and out of the assembly plants without raising labor rates
The assembly lines on China were all invented by the West, they are simply the most modern interpretation of what Henry Ford invented in the United States in 1903
Assembly lines can be constructed in any country the technology is owned by the West
Modern Training for assembly line workers is a Western concept and can be taken and taught anywhere in the world
There are many countries with labor rates as low as China or lower
Any one of those countries can take over from China
Vietnam and India have already started taking over from China
Many other countries are already vying for the assembly business from the United States and other Western countries
Generally where the US goes, then several other Western countries will also go there so they can share facilities and lower costs
Q： 哪些国家可以与中国制造业竞争？
A： 所有劳动力价格低的国家都能与中国竞争。 中国在总装方面很受欢迎，是因为中国的劳动力价格极低，对最终产品的成本贡献不大。
中国人口众多，因此他们可以在不提高劳动生产率的情况下，在装配厂里调换新人。
中国工厂的流水线都是西方发明的，它们只是对1903年亨利·福特在美国的发明的最现代的诠释。
装配线可以在任何一个技术为西方所有的国家建造。
装配线工人的现代培训是一个西方概念，这可以在世界任何地方进行和教授。
有许多国家的劳动力价格与中国一样低或更低。
这些国家中的任何一个都可以从中国接手制造业。
越南和印度已经开始接手中国制造业。
许多其他国家已经在与中国争夺美国和其他西方国家的组装业务。
一般而言，美国去哪里，其他西方国家也会去那里，这样他们就可以共享设施，降低成本。 =============
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Andy Durden
, Export Consultant Export Manager，Lives in London
Plenty of countries can compete and do compete with China.
Take the automotive industry. Germany and Japan compete with China and outperforms in terms of quality and design and plenty of German cars are sold in China
China: best-selling car models sales volume 2019 | Statista.
US made Boeing aircraft still dominate the Chinese aviation market and even within the mobile market Apple still take a respectable share.
However, it is true that China has developed industrial capabilities in every single sector and apart from heritage and luxury segment, China can outproduce pretty much any other nation.
But this does not mean that China provides better quality and overall better products. It’s often the opposite and many Chinese products are popular simply because, like for like, are much cheaper than products made elsewhere, thanks to much lower salaries and less environmental constrain.
很多国家都可以与中国竞争，而且确实在与中国竞争。
以汽车行业为例。德国和日本正在与中国竞争，它们在质量和设计方面表现出色，有大量的德国汽车正在中国销售。
, Export Consultant Export Manager，Lives in London
Plenty of countries can compete and do compete with China.
Take the automotive industry. Germany and Japan compete with China and outperforms in terms of quality and design and plenty of German cars are sold in China
China: best-selling car models sales volume 2019 | Statista.
US made Boeing aircraft still dominate the Chinese aviation market and even within the mobile market Apple still take a respectable share.
However, it is true that China has developed industrial capabilities in every single sector and apart from heritage and luxury segment, China can outproduce pretty much any other nation.
But this does not mean that China provides better quality and overall better products. It’s often the opposite and many Chinese products are popular simply because, like for like, are much cheaper than products made elsewhere, thanks to much lower salaries and less environmental constrain.
很多国家都可以与中国竞争，而且确实在与中国竞争。
以汽车行业为例。德国和日本正在与中国竞争，它们在质量和设计方面表现出色，有大量的德国汽车正在中国销售。
中国：畅销车型销量2019 | Statista。
美国制造的波音飞机仍在中国航空市场占据主导地位，甚至在移动市场上，苹果仍占有可观的份额。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
然而，事实上，中国在每个领域都发展了工业能力，除了传统和奢侈品领域，中国几乎可以超过任何其他国家。
但这并不意味着中国能够提供更好的质量和整体上更好的产品。通常情况恰恰相反，许多中国产品之所以受欢迎，仅仅是因为由于那里的工资低得多、环境约束少，它们的价格比其他地方制造的产品便宜得多。
=============
Ermen Kanan
, lives in Singapore (2000-present)
No single country or group of countries can compete with China as of now. But in the future, groups of countries can work together and take some of the business. A future ASEAN economic unx of some sort would be a good competitor as they have the population and basic knowledge to start or expand some industries. If they fix their problems, the smaller Central American countries could join Mexico in a economic group to provide manufacturing services. If India improves their infrastructure and governance, there is no reason why they cannot compete. The Indians worldwide have proven that they are world class in science and technology. A combined South Korea/Japan economic unx would be very formidable but too much historical baggage between the two.
到目前为止，没有一个国家或国家集团能够与中国竞争。但在未来，多个国家集团可以共同合作，承担部分业务。未来，东盟将是中国的一个很好的竞争对手，因为它们拥有启动或扩展某些产业的人口和基础知识。如果它们解决了它们之间的问题，中美洲较小的国家也可以加入墨西哥的经济集团来提供制造业服务。如果印度改善其基础设施和治理，它没有理由无法参与竞争，因为全世界的印度人已经证明他们在科学技术方面是世界级的。韩国和日本的联合经济联盟将是非常强大的，但两者之间有太多的历史包袱。
Ermen Kanan
, lives in Singapore (2000-present)
No single country or group of countries can compete with China as of now. But in the future, groups of countries can work together and take some of the business. A future ASEAN economic unx of some sort would be a good competitor as they have the population and basic knowledge to start or expand some industries. If they fix their problems, the smaller Central American countries could join Mexico in a economic group to provide manufacturing services. If India improves their infrastructure and governance, there is no reason why they cannot compete. The Indians worldwide have proven that they are world class in science and technology. A combined South Korea/Japan economic unx would be very formidable but too much historical baggage between the two.
到目前为止，没有一个国家或国家集团能够与中国竞争。但在未来，多个国家集团可以共同合作，承担部分业务。未来，东盟将是中国的一个很好的竞争对手，因为它们拥有启动或扩展某些产业的人口和基础知识。如果它们解决了它们之间的问题，中美洲较小的国家也可以加入墨西哥的经济集团来提供制造业服务。如果印度改善其基础设施和治理，它没有理由无法参与竞争，因为全世界的印度人已经证明他们在科学技术方面是世界级的。韩国和日本的联合经济联盟将是非常强大的，但两者之间有太多的历史包袱。
=============
Choi Julian, studied at Cornell University
If you are talking about Manufacturing as a whole, I don’t think any country can compete with China over the next century. It’s not only about labor cost. it’s about the sheer number of people, 1.3 billion that serve as the base. It’s about STEM educated labor force, eight times that of the US every year. It’s about infrastructure that facilitates trading and efficiency. Chinese believe in building roads first before getting rich. It’s about culture. China is a secular country and its people believe in science and Chinese leading party brainwash them to remain so. It’s about a civilization that has constantly competed at the top of the world for thousands of years economically, creatively, and philosophically. It doesn’t have moral baggages, is rich in guiding principles, and open to foreign ideas.
China is now the only country on earth that boasts complete supply chains in all 39 industrial categories and every single subcategory in it. To accomplish this, you have to have enough working population that are STEM educated, enough natural resources inherited from the land and sea, wise government because it’s really hard to govern and satisfy all those people who are smart but at the same time extremely diverse.
For these qualities, there is only one country left on earth who are positioned to challenge China manufacturing, it’s the US who have outsourced majority of its manufacturing to China and are now trying to get it back. But this process is unfortunately irreversible. The only way the US can still maintain its edge is to outperform China in the next industrial revolution, the 4th one. There are only two players in this competition really, China and the US. The rest of the world are sidelined. Whoever rise on top of the of the 4th industrial revolution gets the advantages in the economy, manufacturing, and technology of tomorrow. But I’ll bet my money on China simply because of its ability to translate technological and scientific breakthroughs into real applications through production.
如果你说的是整个制造业，我认为任何国家都无法在下个世纪与中国竞争，这不仅仅是劳动力成本的问题。这还事关中国人口的绝对数量，它们有13亿的基数；这还事关每年受STEM教育的劳动力数量是美国的8倍；这还事关促进贸易和效率的基础设施，因为中国人相信要想富先修路，这还事关文化，中国是一个世俗的国家，中国人民相信科学。这是一个数千年来在经济、创意和哲学上一直处于世界前列的文明。它没有道德包袱，有丰富的指导思想，并对外国思想持开放态度。
中国现在是地球上唯一一个拥有完整供应链的国家，其供应链涵盖了所有39个行业类别及其每一个子类别。要做到这一点，你必须有足够的受过STEM教育的工作人口，足够的从陆地和海洋继承的自然资源，以及明智的政府，因为否则很难治理和满足所有聪明但同时又极其多样化的人口。
就这些品质而言，地球上只剩下一个国家有能力在制造业上挑战中国，那就是美国，它已经将大部分制造业外包给中国，但现在正试图让其从中国回归。但不幸的是，这一进程是不可逆转的。美国保持优势的唯一途径是在下一次工业革命（第四次工业革命）中超越中国。这场比赛实际上只有两名选手，即中国和美国，世界其他地区都被边缘化了。谁站在第四次工业革命的巅峰，谁就能在未来的经济、制造业和技术方面获得优势。但我将把钱押在中国身上，仅仅是因为中国有能力通过生产将技术和科学突破转化为实际应用。
Choi Julian, studied at Cornell University
If you are talking about Manufacturing as a whole, I don’t think any country can compete with China over the next century. It’s not only about labor cost. it’s about the sheer number of people, 1.3 billion that serve as the base. It’s about STEM educated labor force, eight times that of the US every year. It’s about infrastructure that facilitates trading and efficiency. Chinese believe in building roads first before getting rich. It’s about culture. China is a secular country and its people believe in science and Chinese leading party brainwash them to remain so. It’s about a civilization that has constantly competed at the top of the world for thousands of years economically, creatively, and philosophically. It doesn’t have moral baggages, is rich in guiding principles, and open to foreign ideas.
China is now the only country on earth that boasts complete supply chains in all 39 industrial categories and every single subcategory in it. To accomplish this, you have to have enough working population that are STEM educated, enough natural resources inherited from the land and sea, wise government because it’s really hard to govern and satisfy all those people who are smart but at the same time extremely diverse.
For these qualities, there is only one country left on earth who are positioned to challenge China manufacturing, it’s the US who have outsourced majority of its manufacturing to China and are now trying to get it back. But this process is unfortunately irreversible. The only way the US can still maintain its edge is to outperform China in the next industrial revolution, the 4th one. There are only two players in this competition really, China and the US. The rest of the world are sidelined. Whoever rise on top of the of the 4th industrial revolution gets the advantages in the economy, manufacturing, and technology of tomorrow. But I’ll bet my money on China simply because of its ability to translate technological and scientific breakthroughs into real applications through production.
如果你说的是整个制造业，我认为任何国家都无法在下个世纪与中国竞争，这不仅仅是劳动力成本的问题。这还事关中国人口的绝对数量，它们有13亿的基数；这还事关每年受STEM教育的劳动力数量是美国的8倍；这还事关促进贸易和效率的基础设施，因为中国人相信要想富先修路，这还事关文化，中国是一个世俗的国家，中国人民相信科学。这是一个数千年来在经济、创意和哲学上一直处于世界前列的文明。它没有道德包袱，有丰富的指导思想，并对外国思想持开放态度。
中国现在是地球上唯一一个拥有完整供应链的国家，其供应链涵盖了所有39个行业类别及其每一个子类别。要做到这一点，你必须有足够的受过STEM教育的工作人口，足够的从陆地和海洋继承的自然资源，以及明智的政府，因为否则很难治理和满足所有聪明但同时又极其多样化的人口。
就这些品质而言，地球上只剩下一个国家有能力在制造业上挑战中国，那就是美国，它已经将大部分制造业外包给中国，但现在正试图让其从中国回归。但不幸的是，这一进程是不可逆转的。美国保持优势的唯一途径是在下一次工业革命（第四次工业革命）中超越中国。这场比赛实际上只有两名选手，即中国和美国，世界其他地区都被边缘化了。谁站在第四次工业革命的巅峰，谁就能在未来的经济、制造业和技术方面获得优势。但我将把钱押在中国身上，仅仅是因为中国有能力通过生产将技术和科学突破转化为实际应用。
==========
Salome Dormage
Originally Answered: What country can replace China in manufacturing?
North korea, it may sound weird but they are the cheapest labour force in asia today!
Many in Arab Gulf countries hired many of them as skilled labor for low costs!
in dubai
North Korean style skyscrapers in Kuwait.
Im not sure if it ture but many established factories near the border of north korea with china to take advantage of low labor costs.
朝鲜。虽然这听起来可能很奇怪，但他们是当今亚洲最廉价的劳动力！
许多阿拉伯海湾国家雇佣他们作为低成本的熟练劳动力！
Salome Dormage
Originally Answered: What country can replace China in manufacturing?
North korea, it may sound weird but they are the cheapest labour force in asia today!
Many in Arab Gulf countries hired many of them as skilled labor for low costs!
in dubai
North Korean style skyscrapers in Kuwait.
Im not sure if it ture but many established factories near the border of north korea with china to take advantage of low labor costs.
朝鲜。虽然这听起来可能很奇怪，但他们是当今亚洲最廉价的劳动力！
许多阿拉伯海湾国家雇佣他们作为低成本的熟练劳动力！
在迪拜
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
科威特的朝鲜式摩天大楼。
我不确定这是否是真的，但许多在朝鲜与中国边境附近建立的工厂正在利用朝鲜低廉的劳动力成本。
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