QA问答：为什么印度人和中国人看起来这么不一样，尽管他们是邻国？
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Balaji Viswanathan
Geography changes the way we look. India and China might be neighbors, but the distance between northern China and southern India is twice the distance between France and Central Africa. Would you say the natives of France look a little different from the Central Africans? Then add Himalayas, 40% of world population and the fact that India and China are the among the world's most geographically diverse places.
With such a massive and diverse geography, India doesn't have one face. But many. There is a gradual change in facial features as you move from the Himalayan borders with China all the way to the tropical waters of the south.
地理环境改变了我们的外貌，印度和中国可能是邻国，但中国北部和印度南部之间的距离是法国和中非之间距离的两倍，你会说法国本地人与中非人看起来这么不一样吗？然后再加上喜马拉雅山脉，山脉两侧生活着全世界40%的人口，以及印度和中国是世界上地理上最多样化的地方之一的事实。
如此庞大而多样的地理环境，导致印度人在外貌上也是多样的，从与中国接壤的喜马拉雅山脉一直到南部的热带海域，面部特征会逐渐发生变化。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Geography changes the way we look. India and China might be neighbors, but the distance between northern China and southern India is twice the distance between France and Central Africa. Would you say the natives of France look a little different from the Central Africans? Then add Himalayas, 40% of world population and the fact that India and China are the among the world's most geographically diverse places.
With such a massive and diverse geography, India doesn't have one face. But many. There is a gradual change in facial features as you move from the Himalayan borders with China all the way to the tropical waters of the south.
地理环境改变了我们的外貌，印度和中国可能是邻国，但中国北部和印度南部之间的距离是法国和中非之间距离的两倍，你会说法国本地人与中非人看起来这么不一样吗？然后再加上喜马拉雅山脉，山脉两侧生活着全世界40%的人口，以及印度和中国是世界上地理上最多样化的地方之一的事实。
如此庞大而多样的地理环境，导致印度人在外貌上也是多样的，从与中国接壤的喜马拉雅山脉一直到南部的热带海域，面部特征会逐渐发生变化。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Robert White
The main reason the general impression that Chinese and Indian people look different is due to the The Himalaya mountains, which have always been a great barrier. On top of this barrier the geographic axis of both countries is North to South which has always produced a greater variety than between countries connected East to West.The two countries Latitude range goes from approx 38.9208 degrees North in China to 6.9344 degrees North in South India (practically the Equator). The effect of the sun on skin changes dramatically in each degree of Latitude.Generally through early history the DNA mix did not cross the Himalayas much while the two national characteristics were established. But in reality then there is a steady flow from one facial feature to the other as you go from North to South. The overal impression of the questioner is not, in fact, true.
中国人和印度人长相不同的主要原因是喜马拉雅山脉，它一直是一个巨大的屏障，在这一障碍之上，两国的地理轴线是由北向南，这使得两国人的长相相比由东向西的国家之间差异巨大。
这两个国家的纬度范围从中国的北纬38.9208度到南印度的北纬6.9344度（实际上是赤道），太阳对皮肤的影响在每个纬度都会发生显著的变化。
一般来说，在早期的历史上，DNA 混合并不经常跨越喜马拉雅山脉，而这两个国家的特征是确立的，但在现实中，从北到南，有一个稳定的面部特征变化过渡，事实上，提问者的总体印象并不真实。
The main reason the general impression that Chinese and Indian people look different is due to the The Himalaya mountains, which have always been a great barrier. On top of this barrier the geographic axis of both countries is North to South which has always produced a greater variety than between countries connected East to West.The two countries Latitude range goes from approx 38.9208 degrees North in China to 6.9344 degrees North in South India (practically the Equator). The effect of the sun on skin changes dramatically in each degree of Latitude.Generally through early history the DNA mix did not cross the Himalayas much while the two national characteristics were established. But in reality then there is a steady flow from one facial feature to the other as you go from North to South. The overal impression of the questioner is not, in fact, true.
中国人和印度人长相不同的主要原因是喜马拉雅山脉，它一直是一个巨大的屏障，在这一障碍之上，两国的地理轴线是由北向南，这使得两国人的长相相比由东向西的国家之间差异巨大。
这两个国家的纬度范围从中国的北纬38.9208度到南印度的北纬6.9344度（实际上是赤道），太阳对皮肤的影响在每个纬度都会发生显著的变化。
一般来说，在早期的历史上，DNA 混合并不经常跨越喜马拉雅山脉，而这两个国家的特征是确立的，但在现实中，从北到南，有一个稳定的面部特征变化过渡，事实上，提问者的总体印象并不真实。
Joseph Boyle
India's and China's populations have not been recently replaced, unlike the Americas, Australia, Southern Africa, or even Central Asia where most ancestry is from relatively recent migration from Europe/Mideast and from East Asia, though not from South Asia. The replaced populations lacked disease resistance either because of long isolation, or because neighboring areas developed higher population density and new diseases which then ravaged their less populous neighbors.
However, India and China did both experience repeated waves of north-south migration, whether this was because northerners used horses, or just because warmer lands are more attractive, the migrations were not large compared to the Indian and Chinese populations, and left less influence on genes than on language.The migrations to India and China originated from different northern areas, West Asia to India vs. North Asia (or even Ice Age Alaska's "mammoth steppe") to China, and partially smoothed out differences in appearance between West Asia and South Asia on the one hand, and between Northeast and Southeast Asia on the other hand. India shows a gradient from more Caucasoid appearance in the north to more Australoid appearance in the south, while East and Southeast Asia show a gradient from cold-adapted Mongoloid features in the north through softer Southern Mongoloid features in the south, to Australoid appearance near Australia and New Guinea.
印度和中国的人口直到近代都没有被取代，不像美洲、澳大利亚、南部非洲，甚至中亚，那里的大部分人其祖先来自相对近期的欧洲/中东和东亚的移民（尽管不是来自南亚），被取代的人口缺乏抗病能力，要么是因为长期与世隔绝，要么是因为邻近地区人口密度较高，出现了新的疾病，使人口较少的邻近地区饱受蹂躏。
然而，印度和中国都经历了反复的南北迁徙浪潮，不管这是因为北方人使用马匹，还是仅仅因为温暖的土地更有吸引力，与印度和中国的人口相比，这些移民的规模并不大，对基因留下的影响比对语言的影响要小。
向印度的迁移和向中国的迁移不一样，两者源自不同的北方地区，分别是西亚到印度，与北亚（甚至是冰河时代阿拉斯加的 "猛犸大草原"）到中国，这部分消除了西亚和南亚之间以及东北亚和东南亚之间的外貌差异。
印度的外貌特征差异显示了一个梯度，从北部高加索人外貌到南部澳大利亚人的外貌特征，而东亚和东南亚的梯度显示为，从北方的适应寒冷的蒙古人外貌特征到南方更柔和南方蒙古人的特征，再到澳大利亚和新几内亚附近的澳大利亚人的的外貌特征。
India's and China's populations have not been recently replaced, unlike the Americas, Australia, Southern Africa, or even Central Asia where most ancestry is from relatively recent migration from Europe/Mideast and from East Asia, though not from South Asia. The replaced populations lacked disease resistance either because of long isolation, or because neighboring areas developed higher population density and new diseases which then ravaged their less populous neighbors.
However, India and China did both experience repeated waves of north-south migration, whether this was because northerners used horses, or just because warmer lands are more attractive, the migrations were not large compared to the Indian and Chinese populations, and left less influence on genes than on language.The migrations to India and China originated from different northern areas, West Asia to India vs. North Asia (or even Ice Age Alaska's "mammoth steppe") to China, and partially smoothed out differences in appearance between West Asia and South Asia on the one hand, and between Northeast and Southeast Asia on the other hand. India shows a gradient from more Caucasoid appearance in the north to more Australoid appearance in the south, while East and Southeast Asia show a gradient from cold-adapted Mongoloid features in the north through softer Southern Mongoloid features in the south, to Australoid appearance near Australia and New Guinea.
印度和中国的人口直到近代都没有被取代，不像美洲、澳大利亚、南部非洲，甚至中亚，那里的大部分人其祖先来自相对近期的欧洲/中东和东亚的移民（尽管不是来自南亚），被取代的人口缺乏抗病能力，要么是因为长期与世隔绝，要么是因为邻近地区人口密度较高，出现了新的疾病，使人口较少的邻近地区饱受蹂躏。
然而，印度和中国都经历了反复的南北迁徙浪潮，不管这是因为北方人使用马匹，还是仅仅因为温暖的土地更有吸引力，与印度和中国的人口相比，这些移民的规模并不大，对基因留下的影响比对语言的影响要小。
向印度的迁移和向中国的迁移不一样，两者源自不同的北方地区，分别是西亚到印度，与北亚（甚至是冰河时代阿拉斯加的 "猛犸大草原"）到中国，这部分消除了西亚和南亚之间以及东北亚和东南亚之间的外貌差异。
印度的外貌特征差异显示了一个梯度，从北部高加索人外貌到南部澳大利亚人的外貌特征，而东亚和东南亚的梯度显示为，从北方的适应寒冷的蒙古人外貌特征到南方更柔和南方蒙古人的特征，再到澳大利亚和新几内亚附近的澳大利亚人的的外貌特征。
Keshav Choudhary
Few reasons
Himalayas
India and China are separated by the Himalayas which one of the longest continuous mountain ranges in Asia. This prevented easy migration and mingling of the peoples of India and China.
Location and Climate
The climates of India and China also play a crucial part in the evolution of characteristics. India is dominated by a hot and humid tropical climate since the tropic of Cancer girdles through the center of India. China on the other hand is much colder and drier while also experiencing severe winters due to lying more deeply in the northern hemisphere. Hence characteristics of people evolved over time to adapt to prent climate which were/are markedly different in the two countries. Some similarities are seen near the border states where mountainous cold climates exist (the North Eastern Indian states and Tibet).
Historical Migration
Due to historical trade routes (the Silk Route) and invasions of warlords from the Middle East and Central Asia, the Indian continent shares characteristics with people from these regions. China on the other hand has been closed to invaders from the west due to the Great Wall of China and inaccessible routes due to frigid winters and mountainous terrains. This caused China's indegenous population to remain distinct from the Middle Eastern and Central Asian people.
Dravidian and Aryan Influences versus Mongolian Influences
India has a population which is largely a diffusion of Dravidian and Aryan people due to historical migration and geography of the land.
China on the other hand is largely based on the Mongolian people (racial classification) which is adapted to life in cooler - higher altitude climates.
几个原因：
喜马拉雅山脉
印度和中国被喜马拉雅山脉隔开，喜马拉雅山脉是亚洲最长的连绵山脉之一，这使得印度和中国的人民无法轻易迁移和融合。
地理位置及气候
印度和中国的气候也在外貌特征的演变中起着关键作用，印度以炎热潮湿的热带气候占主导地位，因为北回归线横贯印度中部，另一方面，中国由于深居北半球，所以更加寒冷和干燥，同时也经历着严寒的冬天，因此，随着时间的推移，人类的特征逐渐演变，以适应两国明显不同的普遍气候，在存在山区寒冷气候的两国边境 (印度东北部各邦和西藏) 附近，可以看到一些相似之处。
历史性的迁徙
由于历史上的贸易路线 (丝绸之路) 以及中东和中亚军阀的入侵，印度大陆与这些地区的人民有着共同的特点。
另一方面，由于中国的长城，寒冷的冬季和多山的地形，中国阻挡了西部的入侵者，这就造成了中国的土著人口与中东和中亚人保持着明显的区别。
达罗毗荼和雅利安人的影响 vs 蒙古人的影响
由于历史迁徙和地理位置，印度的人口主要是由达罗毗荼人和雅利安人扩散而来。
另一方面，中国在很大程度上是基于蒙古人种 (种族分类) ，他们适应在寒冷的高海拔气候下生活。
Few reasons
Himalayas
India and China are separated by the Himalayas which one of the longest continuous mountain ranges in Asia. This prevented easy migration and mingling of the peoples of India and China.
Location and Climate
The climates of India and China also play a crucial part in the evolution of characteristics. India is dominated by a hot and humid tropical climate since the tropic of Cancer girdles through the center of India. China on the other hand is much colder and drier while also experiencing severe winters due to lying more deeply in the northern hemisphere. Hence characteristics of people evolved over time to adapt to prent climate which were/are markedly different in the two countries. Some similarities are seen near the border states where mountainous cold climates exist (the North Eastern Indian states and Tibet).
Historical Migration
Due to historical trade routes (the Silk Route) and invasions of warlords from the Middle East and Central Asia, the Indian continent shares characteristics with people from these regions. China on the other hand has been closed to invaders from the west due to the Great Wall of China and inaccessible routes due to frigid winters and mountainous terrains. This caused China's indegenous population to remain distinct from the Middle Eastern and Central Asian people.
Dravidian and Aryan Influences versus Mongolian Influences
India has a population which is largely a diffusion of Dravidian and Aryan people due to historical migration and geography of the land.
China on the other hand is largely based on the Mongolian people (racial classification) which is adapted to life in cooler - higher altitude climates.
几个原因：
喜马拉雅山脉
印度和中国被喜马拉雅山脉隔开，喜马拉雅山脉是亚洲最长的连绵山脉之一，这使得印度和中国的人民无法轻易迁移和融合。
地理位置及气候
印度和中国的气候也在外貌特征的演变中起着关键作用，印度以炎热潮湿的热带气候占主导地位，因为北回归线横贯印度中部，另一方面，中国由于深居北半球，所以更加寒冷和干燥，同时也经历着严寒的冬天，因此，随着时间的推移，人类的特征逐渐演变，以适应两国明显不同的普遍气候，在存在山区寒冷气候的两国边境 (印度东北部各邦和西藏) 附近，可以看到一些相似之处。
历史性的迁徙
由于历史上的贸易路线 (丝绸之路) 以及中东和中亚军阀的入侵，印度大陆与这些地区的人民有着共同的特点。
另一方面，由于中国的长城，寒冷的冬季和多山的地形，中国阻挡了西部的入侵者，这就造成了中国的土著人口与中东和中亚人保持着明显的区别。
达罗毗荼和雅利安人的影响 vs 蒙古人的影响
由于历史迁徙和地理位置，印度的人口主要是由达罗毗荼人和雅利安人扩散而来。
另一方面，中国在很大程度上是基于蒙古人种 (种族分类) ，他们适应在寒冷的高海拔气候下生活。
Christopher Bagdon
As mankind migrated out of Africa, they set up, along the coast, and made it all the way to Australia (when sea levels were low). The second great migration, out of Africa, headed towards the Urals, where one group went west, to Europe, and, the second went East towards Asia (which then went on populate the Western Hemisphere).
It is a long way back, in the history of mankind.
人类从非洲迁徙出来，他们沿着海岸定居，一路迁移到澳大利亚 (当时海平面很低)，第二次大迁徙，也是从非洲出发，前往乌拉尔地区，其中一组向西迁移到欧洲，另一组向东迁移到亚洲 (后来在西半球繁衍生息)。
在人类的历史上，这是一个漫长的过程。
As mankind migrated out of Africa, they set up, along the coast, and made it all the way to Australia (when sea levels were low). The second great migration, out of Africa, headed towards the Urals, where one group went west, to Europe, and, the second went East towards Asia (which then went on populate the Western Hemisphere).
It is a long way back, in the history of mankind.
人类从非洲迁徙出来，他们沿着海岸定居，一路迁移到澳大利亚 (当时海平面很低)，第二次大迁徙，也是从非洲出发，前往乌拉尔地区，其中一组向西迁移到欧洲，另一组向东迁移到亚洲 (后来在西半球繁衍生息)。
在人类的历史上，这是一个漫长的过程。
Pranav J Rao
The Chinese population is primarily almost of the Mongoloid race.
The Indian population is a mix of part Caucasian (north india spread),part Negroid (south india and parts of west) and primarily proto-australoid by race. This is due to these races entering the subcontinent from the Northwestern plains,southern seashores and the eastern plains and low hills(bengal & burma regions). Not a significant number of people could cross the Himalayas and what small population did, settled into the Brahmaputra plains.
Also playing a role is the great climatic diversity across the Indian subcontinent,though the Himalayas,the forest ranges and cold deserts were the main reasons and no available sea routes.
Wherever interactions between the two races, the cases evidently seen are the examples of the people of Assam & Northeast India,People from present-day Myanmar,Thailand and IndoChina (as the name suggests).Thus though there have been interactions,they didnt happen much in either mainland/subcontinent.
Thus the people of the two countries are different.
中国的人口几乎都属于蒙古人种。
印度人口是部分高加索人（印度北部地区）、部分内格罗人（ 黑色人种，印度南部和西部部分地区）混合成的澳大利亚人种（棕色人种），这是由于这些种族从西北平原、南部海滨和东部平原及低山地区（孟加拉和缅甸地区）进入次大陆，没有多少人能够穿越喜马拉雅山脉，只有少数人在雅鲁藏布江平原定居。
另一个原因是印度次大陆的气候多样性，但喜马拉雅山脉、森林和寒冷的沙漠是主要原因，而且没有可用的海路。
两个种族之间的互动，显而易见的例子有阿萨姆和印度东北部的人民，以及来自今天的缅甸、泰国和印度支那的人民（顾名思义），虽然有互动，但在大陆/次大陆之间并没有发生什么。
因此，这两个国家的人民是不同的。
The Chinese population is primarily almost of the Mongoloid race.
The Indian population is a mix of part Caucasian (north india spread),part Negroid (south india and parts of west) and primarily proto-australoid by race. This is due to these races entering the subcontinent from the Northwestern plains,southern seashores and the eastern plains and low hills(bengal & burma regions). Not a significant number of people could cross the Himalayas and what small population did, settled into the Brahmaputra plains.
Also playing a role is the great climatic diversity across the Indian subcontinent,though the Himalayas,the forest ranges and cold deserts were the main reasons and no available sea routes.
Wherever interactions between the two races, the cases evidently seen are the examples of the people of Assam & Northeast India,People from present-day Myanmar,Thailand and IndoChina (as the name suggests).Thus though there have been interactions,they didnt happen much in either mainland/subcontinent.
Thus the people of the two countries are different.
中国的人口几乎都属于蒙古人种。
印度人口是部分高加索人（印度北部地区）、部分内格罗人（ 黑色人种，印度南部和西部部分地区）混合成的澳大利亚人种（棕色人种），这是由于这些种族从西北平原、南部海滨和东部平原及低山地区（孟加拉和缅甸地区）进入次大陆，没有多少人能够穿越喜马拉雅山脉，只有少数人在雅鲁藏布江平原定居。
另一个原因是印度次大陆的气候多样性，但喜马拉雅山脉、森林和寒冷的沙漠是主要原因，而且没有可用的海路。
两个种族之间的互动，显而易见的例子有阿萨姆和印度东北部的人民，以及来自今天的缅甸、泰国和印度支那的人民（顾名思义），虽然有互动，但在大陆/次大陆之间并没有发生什么。
因此，这两个国家的人民是不同的。
Phani
I always had this question in my mind, and I did some keen observation by myself.
Let me write down my observations:
If you see in India, upon some careful observation we can clearly notice some Indians and easily tell from which part (state) of India they are from, at least I can do that with little margin of error.
When you travel from Andhra Pradesh to Orissa, I can see slight facial differences in people of Orissa where faces look slightly round with a bit of cheeks. If you travel further from Orissa to Bengal, you can even see people with more circular faces than our Orissa brothers and sisters, with a bit fairer skin tone. If you travel further towards Assam, you can clearly see the facial transformation to Mongoloid facial features and so on.
So coming to question, it is not a sudden change in facial features from Indian to Chinese, its a gradual transformation. We are in fact very proud to have so many different facial characteristics within a single country called India which truly keeps its name as Sub continent.
(My answer might racial, but I am not a racist by any means)
我脑子里一直有这个疑问，我自己也做了一些观察。
以下是我的一些观察：
如果你仔细观察印度，我们可以清楚地注意到一些印度人，并且很容易分辨出他们来自印度的哪个部分(邦) ，至少我可以在很小的误差范围内做到这一点。
从安得拉邦到奥里萨邦，我观察到奥里萨邦人的面部略有不同，他们的脸看起来略显圆润，略微有点面颊，如果你进一步从奥里萨邦到孟加拉邦，你甚至可以看到他们的脸比我们的奥里萨邦的兄弟姐妹更圆，肤色更白，如果你再进一步前往阿萨姆邦，你可以清楚地看到面部转变为蒙古人的面部特征，等等。
因此，对于这个问题，从印度人到中国人的面部特征并不是突然发生了某种变化，而是一种逐步的转变。
事实上，我们非常自豪，在一个叫印度的国家里拥有这么多不同的面部特征，这证明印度确实是次大陆，名副其实。
( 我的回答可能带有种族色彩，但我绝不是种族主义者 ）
I always had this question in my mind, and I did some keen observation by myself.
Let me write down my observations:
If you see in India, upon some careful observation we can clearly notice some Indians and easily tell from which part (state) of India they are from, at least I can do that with little margin of error.
When you travel from Andhra Pradesh to Orissa, I can see slight facial differences in people of Orissa where faces look slightly round with a bit of cheeks. If you travel further from Orissa to Bengal, you can even see people with more circular faces than our Orissa brothers and sisters, with a bit fairer skin tone. If you travel further towards Assam, you can clearly see the facial transformation to Mongoloid facial features and so on.
So coming to question, it is not a sudden change in facial features from Indian to Chinese, its a gradual transformation. We are in fact very proud to have so many different facial characteristics within a single country called India which truly keeps its name as Sub continent.
(My answer might racial, but I am not a racist by any means)
我脑子里一直有这个疑问，我自己也做了一些观察。
以下是我的一些观察：
如果你仔细观察印度，我们可以清楚地注意到一些印度人，并且很容易分辨出他们来自印度的哪个部分(邦) ，至少我可以在很小的误差范围内做到这一点。
从安得拉邦到奥里萨邦，我观察到奥里萨邦人的面部略有不同，他们的脸看起来略显圆润，略微有点面颊，如果你进一步从奥里萨邦到孟加拉邦，你甚至可以看到他们的脸比我们的奥里萨邦的兄弟姐妹更圆，肤色更白，如果你再进一步前往阿萨姆邦，你可以清楚地看到面部转变为蒙古人的面部特征，等等。
因此，对于这个问题，从印度人到中国人的面部特征并不是突然发生了某种变化，而是一种逐步的转变。
事实上，我们非常自豪，在一个叫印度的国家里拥有这么多不同的面部特征，这证明印度确实是次大陆，名副其实。
( 我的回答可能带有种族色彩，但我绝不是种族主义者 ）
Hamid Sirhan
While the Han ethnicity is the predominant across the population of modern China, there are more than 50 ethnic groups within China, often focused in a geographical area. There are several differences in appearance between ethnic groups, the most extreme being between the Turkic ethnic group in XinJiang and other groups which more resemble the Han. As you go through XinJiang and XiZang/Tibet, you'll see the variations in appearance begin to filter through to neighbouring geographic areas.
So think of Nepal which has a mix of different appearances with characteristics you'd associate with Eastern Asia and the Indian subcontinent.
尽管汉族在现代中国人口中占主导地位，但中国境内有50多个民族，通常集中在一个地理区域，不同民族在外貌上有很多不同之处，其中最极端的是新疆的突厥族和其他更像汉族的族群之间的差异，当你走过新疆和西藏，你会看到外貌特征的变化开始渗透到邻近的地理区域。
想想尼泊尔吧，尼泊尔有着多种不同的外貌特征，你会联想到东亚和印度次大陆。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
While the Han ethnicity is the predominant across the population of modern China, there are more than 50 ethnic groups within China, often focused in a geographical area. There are several differences in appearance between ethnic groups, the most extreme being between the Turkic ethnic group in XinJiang and other groups which more resemble the Han. As you go through XinJiang and XiZang/Tibet, you'll see the variations in appearance begin to filter through to neighbouring geographic areas.
So think of Nepal which has a mix of different appearances with characteristics you'd associate with Eastern Asia and the Indian subcontinent.
尽管汉族在现代中国人口中占主导地位，但中国境内有50多个民族，通常集中在一个地理区域，不同民族在外貌上有很多不同之处，其中最极端的是新疆的突厥族和其他更像汉族的族群之间的差异，当你走过新疆和西藏，你会看到外貌特征的变化开始渗透到邻近的地理区域。
想想尼泊尔吧，尼泊尔有着多种不同的外貌特征，你会联想到东亚和印度次大陆。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Partha Shakkottai
For early migrations of humanity, after Mt toba exploded and wiped out humanity in India 73,000 BP, populations back flowing the ice age flowed to India and after warming up, developed agriculture , livestock etc spilled over to Europe. All people of China came through the coast lines of India. The Northern route to China was from the part that left to Central Asia.
Cold adaptation during the long spread to China and Japan is what causes slit eyes , fair skin etc. This would explain the gradual change in facial features from India to China.
The back flow started during the ice age 45000BP and occupied the shores of Indian peninsula, lived on fish and is very small numbers till India warmed up and vegetation came back. The difference in time is huge about 40,000 years, enough for natural sextion to have changed physical appearance.
India developed Indo European, Munda, Dravidian etc and this is ancient history. China could have developed its language from the earlier wave before Mt Toba exploded. It also had an enormous time to develop its own language. Chinese is unlike all other languages.
对于人类的早期迁徙，73000年前，多峇火山爆发（译注：这种说法叫 多峇巨灾理论 Toba catastrophe theory 多峇火山位于今天印尼苏门答腊岛，是一次超级火山喷发）毁灭了印度的人类之后，冰河时代人口回流到印度，气候变暖后，发达的农业、畜牧业等蔓延到了欧洲，所有中国人都是从印度的海岸线迁徙而来的，通往中国的北路是从离开中亚的那部分开始的，在长时间迁徙到中国和日本的过程中的为适应寒冷形成狭长的眼睛、白皙的皮肤等特征，这就可以解释为什么从印度到中国，人们的面部特征会逐渐改变。
回流始于45000年前的冰河时期，回流的人开始占据印度半岛的海岸，以捕鱼为生，人口数量很少，直到印度变暖，植被恢复，（两者在）时间上的差异是巨大的，大约4万年，足以让自然选择改变体貌。
印度发展出了印欧语、蒙达语、达罗毗荼语等，这都是古老的历史，中国可能在多峇（托巴）火山爆发之前就已经从早期的（迁徙）浪潮中发展出了自己的语言，它也的确有很长的时间来发展自己的语言，汉语与其他所有语言都不同。
译注：他前面说“所有中国人都是从印度海岸迁徙而来的”，后面又说多峇火山爆发之前中国可能就发展出自己的语言...具体译者不理解，三哥就是这么神神叨叨，当然有一种可能就是作者手误了，把India写成了“China”，原表述应该是“所有印度人都是从印度海岸迁徙而来的”，然后与中亚迁徙往中国的那一批人类形成对比，这种可能性是最大的。
For early migrations of humanity, after Mt toba exploded and wiped out humanity in India 73,000 BP, populations back flowing the ice age flowed to India and after warming up, developed agriculture , livestock etc spilled over to Europe. All people of China came through the coast lines of India. The Northern route to China was from the part that left to Central Asia.
Cold adaptation during the long spread to China and Japan is what causes slit eyes , fair skin etc. This would explain the gradual change in facial features from India to China.
The back flow started during the ice age 45000BP and occupied the shores of Indian peninsula, lived on fish and is very small numbers till India warmed up and vegetation came back. The difference in time is huge about 40,000 years, enough for natural sextion to have changed physical appearance.
India developed Indo European, Munda, Dravidian etc and this is ancient history. China could have developed its language from the earlier wave before Mt Toba exploded. It also had an enormous time to develop its own language. Chinese is unlike all other languages.
对于人类的早期迁徙，73000年前，多峇火山爆发（译注：这种说法叫 多峇巨灾理论 Toba catastrophe theory 多峇火山位于今天印尼苏门答腊岛，是一次超级火山喷发）毁灭了印度的人类之后，冰河时代人口回流到印度，气候变暖后，发达的农业、畜牧业等蔓延到了欧洲，所有中国人都是从印度的海岸线迁徙而来的，通往中国的北路是从离开中亚的那部分开始的，在长时间迁徙到中国和日本的过程中的为适应寒冷形成狭长的眼睛、白皙的皮肤等特征，这就可以解释为什么从印度到中国，人们的面部特征会逐渐改变。
回流始于45000年前的冰河时期，回流的人开始占据印度半岛的海岸，以捕鱼为生，人口数量很少，直到印度变暖，植被恢复，（两者在）时间上的差异是巨大的，大约4万年，足以让自然选择改变体貌。
印度发展出了印欧语、蒙达语、达罗毗荼语等，这都是古老的历史，中国可能在多峇（托巴）火山爆发之前就已经从早期的（迁徙）浪潮中发展出了自己的语言，它也的确有很长的时间来发展自己的语言，汉语与其他所有语言都不同。
译注：他前面说“所有中国人都是从印度海岸迁徙而来的”，后面又说多峇火山爆发之前中国可能就发展出自己的语言...具体译者不理解，三哥就是这么神神叨叨，当然有一种可能就是作者手误了，把India写成了“China”，原表述应该是“所有印度人都是从印度海岸迁徙而来的”，然后与中亚迁徙往中国的那一批人类形成对比，这种可能性是最大的。
Anonymous
Like others said, it's not entirely true. Not only do northeast Indians have more Chinese-style facial features, western Chinese, especially Uyghurs, tend to look a bit more like central and south Asians. It's actually quite a gradual transition from India to China. Both culturally (everything except for language which has more sudden transitions) and in terms of facial features.
However the regions near the borders between the two countries are mostly difficult-to-access high mountains, deserts, small villages, a lot of impoverished regions, and also political barriers galore. It's hard enough as a tourist to get to many of them, requiring several days of travel to get to some places without airports. However they are all extremely historic trade and cultural exchange routes so a lot of cultural mixing occurred throughout them.
Outside these countries you very, very rarely ever see the people of these transition regions because they (unfortunately) never really get the opportunity to leave their countries in mass. What you see of Chinese and Indians internationally are usually those from well-educated, affluent coastal regions and large cities.
像其他人说的那样，这并不完全正确。不仅东北印度人有更多中国式面部特征，中国西部的中国人，特别是维吾尔人，往往看起来更像中亚和南亚人，实际上，无论是在文化上（除了语言有更多突然的过渡之外）还是在面部特征方面，从印度到中国的特征变化是一个相当渐进的过渡。
靠近两国边界的地区大多是难以进入的高山、沙漠、小村庄、大量的贫困地区，也有很多政治障碍，作为一个游客，要去其中的许多地方已经很困难了，需要几天的时间才能到达一些没有机场的地方，然而，它们都是极具历史意义的贸易和文化交流路线，因此在它们之间发生了大量的文化混合。
在这些国家之外，你很少看到这些过渡地区的人民，因为他们（很不幸）从来没有真正有机会大规模地离开他们所在的国家，你在国际上看到的中国人和印度人通常受过良好教育，来自富裕的沿海地区和大城市。
Like others said, it's not entirely true. Not only do northeast Indians have more Chinese-style facial features, western Chinese, especially Uyghurs, tend to look a bit more like central and south Asians. It's actually quite a gradual transition from India to China. Both culturally (everything except for language which has more sudden transitions) and in terms of facial features.
However the regions near the borders between the two countries are mostly difficult-to-access high mountains, deserts, small villages, a lot of impoverished regions, and also political barriers galore. It's hard enough as a tourist to get to many of them, requiring several days of travel to get to some places without airports. However they are all extremely historic trade and cultural exchange routes so a lot of cultural mixing occurred throughout them.
Outside these countries you very, very rarely ever see the people of these transition regions because they (unfortunately) never really get the opportunity to leave their countries in mass. What you see of Chinese and Indians internationally are usually those from well-educated, affluent coastal regions and large cities.
像其他人说的那样，这并不完全正确。不仅东北印度人有更多中国式面部特征，中国西部的中国人，特别是维吾尔人，往往看起来更像中亚和南亚人，实际上，无论是在文化上（除了语言有更多突然的过渡之外）还是在面部特征方面，从印度到中国的特征变化是一个相当渐进的过渡。
靠近两国边界的地区大多是难以进入的高山、沙漠、小村庄、大量的贫困地区，也有很多政治障碍，作为一个游客，要去其中的许多地方已经很困难了，需要几天的时间才能到达一些没有机场的地方，然而，它们都是极具历史意义的贸易和文化交流路线，因此在它们之间发生了大量的文化混合。
在这些国家之外，你很少看到这些过渡地区的人民，因为他们（很不幸）从来没有真正有机会大规模地离开他们所在的国家，你在国际上看到的中国人和印度人通常受过良好教育，来自富裕的沿海地区和大城市。
Rohin Gupta
The two group of people evolved separately, at a time when crossing Himalayas was impossible during Ice Age of earth, and Stone age of humans. Most Indians, the brown people as we call them, came from Central Asia and middle East Asia, with stream of migrations for thousands of years. Those people of course came from Africa, some 60,000 or 125,000 years back.
When during intervening period ice age became bit lesser, some people from Central and Middle East Asia migrated to China, Mongolia etc. Over a period of thousands of years, the natural sextion worked, and people with narrow eyes and other Chinese features survived in China, Mongolia, maybe Russian region also(East Asia in general). They survived because these features were best suited for fighting cold during Ice age in region north of Himalayas. In fact, when earth was still in Ice age some 15,000 years back, there was land bridge between Siberia and Alaska. A group with Chinese looks stayed on land bridge. Later it moved to America, and land bridge collapsed due to ending of ice age. This is the group that became Red Indians of America and maybe even Aztec culture of South America. This explains Chinese like features of Red Indians, also called Paleo Indians, because they emigrated to America during Paleolithic period of stone age, and have technologies of stone tools and weapons from that period.
这两个群体分别进化，在地球的冰河时代和人类的石器时代，跨越喜马拉雅山是不可能的。
大多数印度人，也就是我们所说的棕色人种，来自中亚和中东地区，数千年来一直在迁徙，当然，他们也是大约6万到12.5万年前从非洲迁徙出来的。
冰河时期，一些人从中亚和中东迁移到中国、蒙古等地，在几千年的时间里，受自然选择的影响，具有狭长眼睛和其他中国人特征的人在中国、蒙古，也许还有俄罗斯地区（东亚部分）生存了下来，他们之所以能存活下来，是因为这些特征最适合在冰河时期的在喜马拉雅山以北地区抵御寒冷。
事实上，当地球在大约15000年前还处于冰河时代时，在西伯利亚和阿拉斯加之间有一座陆桥，一群中国人长相的人跨过了陆桥，后来迁移到美洲，大陆桥因冰河时代的结束而坍塌，这个群体成为了美洲的红种印第安人，甚至可能是南美的阿兹特克文化，这就解释了为什么红种印第安人也被称为古印第安人，因为他们是在旧石器时代迁徙到美洲的，并拥有那个时代的石器和武器技术。
The two group of people evolved separately, at a time when crossing Himalayas was impossible during Ice Age of earth, and Stone age of humans. Most Indians, the brown people as we call them, came from Central Asia and middle East Asia, with stream of migrations for thousands of years. Those people of course came from Africa, some 60,000 or 125,000 years back.
When during intervening period ice age became bit lesser, some people from Central and Middle East Asia migrated to China, Mongolia etc. Over a period of thousands of years, the natural sextion worked, and people with narrow eyes and other Chinese features survived in China, Mongolia, maybe Russian region also(East Asia in general). They survived because these features were best suited for fighting cold during Ice age in region north of Himalayas. In fact, when earth was still in Ice age some 15,000 years back, there was land bridge between Siberia and Alaska. A group with Chinese looks stayed on land bridge. Later it moved to America, and land bridge collapsed due to ending of ice age. This is the group that became Red Indians of America and maybe even Aztec culture of South America. This explains Chinese like features of Red Indians, also called Paleo Indians, because they emigrated to America during Paleolithic period of stone age, and have technologies of stone tools and weapons from that period.
这两个群体分别进化，在地球的冰河时代和人类的石器时代，跨越喜马拉雅山是不可能的。
大多数印度人，也就是我们所说的棕色人种，来自中亚和中东地区，数千年来一直在迁徙，当然，他们也是大约6万到12.5万年前从非洲迁徙出来的。
冰河时期，一些人从中亚和中东迁移到中国、蒙古等地，在几千年的时间里，受自然选择的影响，具有狭长眼睛和其他中国人特征的人在中国、蒙古，也许还有俄罗斯地区（东亚部分）生存了下来，他们之所以能存活下来，是因为这些特征最适合在冰河时期的在喜马拉雅山以北地区抵御寒冷。
事实上，当地球在大约15000年前还处于冰河时代时，在西伯利亚和阿拉斯加之间有一座陆桥，一群中国人长相的人跨过了陆桥，后来迁移到美洲，大陆桥因冰河时代的结束而坍塌，这个群体成为了美洲的红种印第安人，甚至可能是南美的阿兹特克文化，这就解释了为什么红种印第安人也被称为古印第安人，因为他们是在旧石器时代迁徙到美洲的，并拥有那个时代的石器和武器技术。
The stream of central Asians from Africa that came to Indian side maintained brown, non-chinese look, because the climate south of Himalayas was warmer. And so natural sextion did not lead to cold adaptations like small eyes and other Chinese adaptations. I think skin color is an adaptation easier to form. And as most of us might know, for synthesizing Vitamin D using sunlight. So those from Central Asia who came early on to India retained dark skin. But who came after 10,000 BC were fairer, because sunlight was lesser in Central Asia compared to South Asia.
The time around 10,000 BC is significant. The global temperatures increased during that time and ice age ended. With that, human brain that had adapted to build better stone tools and forage healthy vegetables and fruits, started channelizing that mental energy into agriculture, leading to cultivation of rice in South China, and Wheat in Middle East. With migrations becoming more after end of ice age, these agricultural practices also came to India.
由于喜马拉雅山以南的气候比较温暖，从非洲来到印度一侧的中亚人保持着棕色的、非中国人的外表，自然选择并没有导致像狭长眼睛和其他中国适应性特征以适应寒冷，我认为肤色是一种更容易形成的适应，正如我们大多数人可能都知道的，是为了利用阳光合成维生素D，所以那些早期来到印度的中亚人保留了黑色的皮肤，但在公元前一万年之后来的人则比较白皙，因为与南亚相比，中亚的阳光较少。
公元前10000年左右的时间具有重要意义，在这一时期，全球气温上升，冰河时代结束，人类的大脑已经适应了建造更好的石器工具和觅食健康的蔬菜和水果，并开始将这种来自大脑的精神力量导向农业，导致在中国南方种植水稻，在中东种植小麦，随着冰河时代结束后迁徙人口越来越多，这些农耕方式也来到了印度。
The time around 10,000 BC is significant. The global temperatures increased during that time and ice age ended. With that, human brain that had adapted to build better stone tools and forage healthy vegetables and fruits, started channelizing that mental energy into agriculture, leading to cultivation of rice in South China, and Wheat in Middle East. With migrations becoming more after end of ice age, these agricultural practices also came to India.
由于喜马拉雅山以南的气候比较温暖，从非洲来到印度一侧的中亚人保持着棕色的、非中国人的外表，自然选择并没有导致像狭长眼睛和其他中国适应性特征以适应寒冷，我认为肤色是一种更容易形成的适应，正如我们大多数人可能都知道的，是为了利用阳光合成维生素D，所以那些早期来到印度的中亚人保留了黑色的皮肤，但在公元前一万年之后来的人则比较白皙，因为与南亚相比，中亚的阳光较少。
公元前10000年左右的时间具有重要意义，在这一时期，全球气温上升，冰河时代结束，人类的大脑已经适应了建造更好的石器工具和觅食健康的蔬菜和水果，并开始将这种来自大脑的精神力量导向农业，导致在中国南方种植水稻，在中东种植小麦，随着冰河时代结束后迁徙人口越来越多，这些农耕方式也来到了印度。
Coming to the original question, why Indians and Chinese look different? Had ice age continued and become bit more severe for 100,000 more years, the separation of Indians and Chinese of stone age would have continued. And most likely the two would have become different species. Probably people of Africa left behind, and also Europeans separated by Alps would have become different species. For example early Homonids who migrated some 1 million years back from Africa, became Homo Erectus. And those who migrated some 300,000 to 400,000 years back to Europe, mostly via Central Asia, became Neantherdals. But with warming of regions 10,000 years back, Himalayas was no longer insurmountable. So people of India mainland started settling in Himalayas, and establishing their kingdoms there. So some regions like North East and Ladhakh, which had people with Chinese looks, also started assimilating customs and culture of mainland India. Mixing of races also led to people only with partial Chinese characteristics, Mamta Banerjee for eg.
So to answer the question. People of India and China look different, because they evolved differently due to natural sextion in different regions, with different requirement for survival. But not long enough to become separate species.
P.S : I am not giving any references to my answer. All these claims can be validated by looking at videos or text related to evolution of mankind.
回到最初的问题，为什么印度人和中国人看起来不一样？
如果冰河时代继续下去，并在10万年内变得更加严重，印度人和中国人在石器时代的分离就会继续下去，最有可能的是，这两个种族会变成不同的物种，很可能留下未迁徙的非洲人和被阿尔卑斯山分开的欧洲人也会成为不同的物种，例如，约100万年前从非洲迁徙回来的早期智人，变成了直立人，而那些大约30万到40万年前迁徙到欧洲的人，大多经由中亚，成为了尼安德特人。
但是，随着1万年前地区变暖，喜马拉雅山脉不再是不可逾越的天堑，于是印度大陆的人们开始在喜马拉雅山定居，并在那里建立了自己的王国，像东北邦和拉达克这样有中国人长相的地区，也开始吸收印度大陆的风俗和文化，种族混合也导致了部分人的长相具有中国人特征。
回答这个问题，印度人和中国人看起来不一样，这是因为他们在不同的地区由于自然选择和不同的生存需求而进化得不一样，但还不足以成为独立的物种。
So to answer the question. People of India and China look different, because they evolved differently due to natural sextion in different regions, with different requirement for survival. But not long enough to become separate species.
P.S : I am not giving any references to my answer. All these claims can be validated by looking at videos or text related to evolution of mankind.
回到最初的问题，为什么印度人和中国人看起来不一样？
如果冰河时代继续下去，并在10万年内变得更加严重，印度人和中国人在石器时代的分离就会继续下去，最有可能的是，这两个种族会变成不同的物种，很可能留下未迁徙的非洲人和被阿尔卑斯山分开的欧洲人也会成为不同的物种，例如，约100万年前从非洲迁徙回来的早期智人，变成了直立人，而那些大约30万到40万年前迁徙到欧洲的人，大多经由中亚，成为了尼安德特人。
但是，随着1万年前地区变暖，喜马拉雅山脉不再是不可逾越的天堑，于是印度大陆的人们开始在喜马拉雅山定居，并在那里建立了自己的王国，像东北邦和拉达克这样有中国人长相的地区，也开始吸收印度大陆的风俗和文化，种族混合也导致了部分人的长相具有中国人特征。
回答这个问题，印度人和中国人看起来不一样，这是因为他们在不同的地区由于自然选择和不同的生存需求而进化得不一样，但还不足以成为独立的物种。
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