QA问答：有哪些被历史遗忘的伟大战役？
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Tomaz Vargazon
I’m going with the Rzhev meat grinder here.
Rzhev meat grinder
The battle(s) of Rzhev took place between 8th of January 1942 and 31st March, 1943. Yes, that’s almost 15 months of near-continous warfare and an example of both Soviet and German tenacity. Over three million Soviet troops were thrown against half as numerous Germans in a series of defendive battles centered around the Rzhev salient. Two massive armies hit together and proceeded to slowly grind each other down into a fine pink powder, with no clear resolution at the end.
The battle was three to five times bloodier than the Battle of Verdun in world war one. That’s how bad it was.
Soviets eventually took what was left of Rzhev, but lost 2–3 men for each German and the latter successfully evacuated the sallient. There was no major breakthrough, no glorious victory, just thousands of swimming pools worth of blood spilled over a patch of land scarecely worth mentioning.
It was almost entirely erased from history. A far smaller battle, intended as a diversion from the main event going on in the north, got all the glory instead. Everyone heard about the Battle of Stalingrad, because it was a glorious Soviet victory. Almost no one knows about Battles of Rzhev, even though the forces involved were three times larger and Soviet loses at Rzhev eclipsed German and Soviet losses at Stalingrad combined.
我提名“勒热夫绞肉机”。
链接：勒热夫绞肉机
勒热夫战役发生在1942年1月8日至1943年3月31日之间，是的，这是一场近乎持续15个月的战役，也是苏军和德军作战坚韧顽强的一个典型例子。
在勒热夫突出部为中心的一系列防御性战斗中，超过300万的苏军与半数的德国人交战，两支庞大的军队撞在一起，开始慢慢地把对方磨成粉红的肉酱，双方僵持不下。
这场战斗比第一次世界大战的凡尔登战役要血腥三到五倍——就是这么残酷。
苏联人最终拿下了勒热夫的剩余部分，但每杀死一个德国人都要损失了2-3人，后者成功地撤离了战场，没有重大的突破，没有光荣的胜利，只是在一块不值得一提的土地上洒下了相当数千游泳池的鲜血。
它几乎被完全从历史中抹去。
斯大林格勒战役，一场规模小得多的战役，原本是为了转移北方正在酣战的主要战场的注意力，反而赢得了所有的荣耀，每个人都听说过斯大林格勒战役，因为那是一场光荣的苏联胜利之战，几乎没有人知道勒热夫战役，尽管其参与战役部队的规模比斯大林格勒战役大三倍，而且苏军在勒热夫的损失超过了德军和苏军在斯大林格勒损失的总和。
I’m going with the Rzhev meat grinder here.
Rzhev meat grinder
The battle(s) of Rzhev took place between 8th of January 1942 and 31st March, 1943. Yes, that’s almost 15 months of near-continous warfare and an example of both Soviet and German tenacity. Over three million Soviet troops were thrown against half as numerous Germans in a series of defendive battles centered around the Rzhev salient. Two massive armies hit together and proceeded to slowly grind each other down into a fine pink powder, with no clear resolution at the end.
The battle was three to five times bloodier than the Battle of Verdun in world war one. That’s how bad it was.
Soviets eventually took what was left of Rzhev, but lost 2–3 men for each German and the latter successfully evacuated the sallient. There was no major breakthrough, no glorious victory, just thousands of swimming pools worth of blood spilled over a patch of land scarecely worth mentioning.
It was almost entirely erased from history. A far smaller battle, intended as a diversion from the main event going on in the north, got all the glory instead. Everyone heard about the Battle of Stalingrad, because it was a glorious Soviet victory. Almost no one knows about Battles of Rzhev, even though the forces involved were three times larger and Soviet loses at Rzhev eclipsed German and Soviet losses at Stalingrad combined.
我提名“勒热夫绞肉机”。
链接：勒热夫绞肉机
勒热夫战役发生在1942年1月8日至1943年3月31日之间，是的，这是一场近乎持续15个月的战役，也是苏军和德军作战坚韧顽强的一个典型例子。
在勒热夫突出部为中心的一系列防御性战斗中，超过300万的苏军与半数的德国人交战，两支庞大的军队撞在一起，开始慢慢地把对方磨成粉红的肉酱，双方僵持不下。
这场战斗比第一次世界大战的凡尔登战役要血腥三到五倍——就是这么残酷。
苏联人最终拿下了勒热夫的剩余部分，但每杀死一个德国人都要损失了2-3人，后者成功地撤离了战场，没有重大的突破，没有光荣的胜利，只是在一块不值得一提的土地上洒下了相当数千游泳池的鲜血。
它几乎被完全从历史中抹去。
斯大林格勒战役，一场规模小得多的战役，原本是为了转移北方正在酣战的主要战场的注意力，反而赢得了所有的荣耀，每个人都听说过斯大林格勒战役，因为那是一场光荣的苏联胜利之战，几乎没有人知道勒热夫战役，尽管其参与战役部队的规模比斯大林格勒战役大三倍，而且苏军在勒热夫的损失超过了德军和苏军在斯大林格勒损失的总和。
Phil Hickey
It seems most of the other battles mentioned in other answers might more properly be classified as “neglected”, rather than truly “forgotten”.
But what happened at the Tollense during the Bronze Age might just qualify.
Tollense valley battlefield - Wikipedia
At some time in between 1200 and 1300 BCE approximately 4000 people engaged in a large scale battle in the Tollense Valley a bit more than 100 km north of Berlin, Germany.
But yet, it was completely forgotten until one day in 1996 when an amateur conservationist saw a bone with a flint arrowhead embedded in it.
In the intervening years, scientists have managed to uncover a more complete picture of what seems to have occurred, although obviously mostly through an examination of the archeological record, since no documents or other accounts have ever been discovered. But what have been found were the skeletons of at least five horses and more than 140 men. The remains of hundreds more may remain unexcavated, and thousands of others may have fought but survived. In addition, teams of scientists have unearthed wooden clubs, bronze spearheads, and flint and bronze arrowheads as well as other artefacts:
Now what is rather interesting about this battle is that it wasn’t supposed to even be there. We know that there have been battles in other parts of the world at the same time period, because of written documents, statues, paintings and other such hard information (even though almost no preserved battlefields had actually been found).
似乎其他答案中提到的大多数战役可能更适合归类为 "被忽视"战役的，而不是真正 "被遗忘"的战役。
但青铜时代发生在托伦瑟之战可能正好符合条件。
托伦瑟谷地战- 维基百科
公元前1200年至1300年的某个时候，大约有4000人在德国柏林以北100多公里处的托伦瑟山谷进行了一场大规模的战斗，但是，它却被完全遗忘了，直到1996年的一天，一位业余自然资源保护主义者发现了一块嵌有燧石箭头的骨头。
在这期间的几年里，科学家们设法揭示了一幅曾经可能发生的更完整的画面，当然主要是通过对考古记录的核查，因为没有发现任何文献或其他描述，目前已经发现的是至少五匹马和140多个男人的骨架，还有数百人的遗骸可能仍未被挖掘出来，还有数千人可能参加过战斗但幸存下来，此外，科学家团队还发掘出土了木制棍棒、青铜矛头、燧石和青铜箭头以及其它人工制品。
有趣的是，这场战役本来不该发生在那里，我们知道，在同一时期，世界其他地方也有过战斗，因为有书面文件、雕像、绘画和其他此类确凿的信息（尽管实际上几乎没有发现过保存下来的战场）。
It seems most of the other battles mentioned in other answers might more properly be classified as “neglected”, rather than truly “forgotten”.
But what happened at the Tollense during the Bronze Age might just qualify.
Tollense valley battlefield - Wikipedia
At some time in between 1200 and 1300 BCE approximately 4000 people engaged in a large scale battle in the Tollense Valley a bit more than 100 km north of Berlin, Germany.
But yet, it was completely forgotten until one day in 1996 when an amateur conservationist saw a bone with a flint arrowhead embedded in it.
In the intervening years, scientists have managed to uncover a more complete picture of what seems to have occurred, although obviously mostly through an examination of the archeological record, since no documents or other accounts have ever been discovered. But what have been found were the skeletons of at least five horses and more than 140 men. The remains of hundreds more may remain unexcavated, and thousands of others may have fought but survived. In addition, teams of scientists have unearthed wooden clubs, bronze spearheads, and flint and bronze arrowheads as well as other artefacts:
Now what is rather interesting about this battle is that it wasn’t supposed to even be there. We know that there have been battles in other parts of the world at the same time period, because of written documents, statues, paintings and other such hard information (even though almost no preserved battlefields had actually been found).
似乎其他答案中提到的大多数战役可能更适合归类为 "被忽视"战役的，而不是真正 "被遗忘"的战役。
但青铜时代发生在托伦瑟之战可能正好符合条件。
托伦瑟谷地战- 维基百科
公元前1200年至1300年的某个时候，大约有4000人在德国柏林以北100多公里处的托伦瑟山谷进行了一场大规模的战斗，但是，它却被完全遗忘了，直到1996年的一天，一位业余自然资源保护主义者发现了一块嵌有燧石箭头的骨头。
在这期间的几年里，科学家们设法揭示了一幅曾经可能发生的更完整的画面，当然主要是通过对考古记录的核查，因为没有发现任何文献或其他描述，目前已经发现的是至少五匹马和140多个男人的骨架，还有数百人的遗骸可能仍未被挖掘出来，还有数千人可能参加过战斗但幸存下来，此外，科学家团队还发掘出土了木制棍棒、青铜矛头、燧石和青铜箭头以及其它人工制品。
有趣的是，这场战役本来不该发生在那里，我们知道，在同一时期，世界其他地方也有过战斗，因为有书面文件、雕像、绘画和其他此类确凿的信息（尽管实际上几乎没有发现过保存下来的战场）。
But in Northern Europe, at the time, there was not anywhere near the population density to support anything like a battle with thousands of participants. Even today, this is a fairly rural and sparsely populated area (by German standards, at least):And nothing in the previous archeological record had suggested anything had ever been different.
It was known that violence occurred in the region- after all, the remains of ?tzi
had recently been found, as well as burials of people with weapons and the traces of healed wounds that suggested very small scale raids had not been uncommon, but generally it was assumed these would be rather small scale affairs, no more than raids, really. But the sheer size of the findings proved that this was far more than just some raid by one isolated hamlet upon another.
Then came the DNA analysis of the bones that suggested that at least part of the dead came from a rather long distance to where they were unearthed.
The Tollense Valley battlefield: the North European ‘Trojan war’ that hints to western Balto-Slavic origins
In the intervening time, even more research has suggested that it may have been a battle, but it may have also been a huge bandit raid upon a travelling merchant caravan:
Archaeologists Make Shocking Discovery At The Tollense Battle Site
German archaeologists have rewritten history by proving that the Tollense battle site was actually Europe’s oldest massacre and it’s a gruesome tale!
Bronze Age Battle of Tollense Valley was actually a massacre
The Bronze Age battle may actually not have been a skirmish but a massacre, according to the archaeologists excavating the site.
Whatever happened, and the fact that it is still not perfectly understood, qualifies it as forgotten…
但在当时的北欧，人口密度远远不足以支撑一场数千人参与的战役，即使在今天，这里仍是一个相当偏远、人烟稀少的地区(至少以德国的标准来衡量) : 而且从以往的考古记录看，也没有任何东西表明这处地方有何与众不同。
众所周知，这一地区曾发生过暴力事件，毕竟，最近发现了奥兹冰人的遗体，除此之外还发现了一些持有武器的人的遗骸以及墓葬，遗骸上发现了伤口愈合的痕迹，这些都表明非常小规模的突袭并不罕见，但一般来说，人们认为这些都是相当小规模的事情，实际上不过是袭击而已，但这些发现的绝对规模证明，这远不仅仅是一个孤立的小村庄对另一个小村庄的突袭。
然后，对遗骸的DNA分析表明，至少有一部分死者来自离他们出土地点相当远的距离。
托伦瑟河谷战场（遗迹）：北欧的 "特洛伊战争"，暗示了西方巴尔托-斯拉夫的起源
在这期间，有更多的研究表明，这可能是一场战斗，但也可能是一伙庞大的强盗袭击了一支商队：
链接：《考古学家在托伦瑟战役遗址上的惊人发现》
——德国考古学家改写了历史，证明托伦瑟战役遗址实际上是欧洲最古老的大屠杀，而且是一个可怕的故事 !
链接：《青铜时代的托伦瑟山谷之战实际上是一场大屠杀》
——据发掘该遗址的考古学家称，这场青铜时代的战斗实际上可能不是一场小规模的战斗，而是一场大屠杀。
无论发生了什么，而事实是，它仍然没有被完全理解，这意味着它的确是一场被遗忘的战役.....
It was known that violence occurred in the region- after all, the remains of ?tzi
had recently been found, as well as burials of people with weapons and the traces of healed wounds that suggested very small scale raids had not been uncommon, but generally it was assumed these would be rather small scale affairs, no more than raids, really. But the sheer size of the findings proved that this was far more than just some raid by one isolated hamlet upon another.
Then came the DNA analysis of the bones that suggested that at least part of the dead came from a rather long distance to where they were unearthed.
The Tollense Valley battlefield: the North European ‘Trojan war’ that hints to western Balto-Slavic origins
In the intervening time, even more research has suggested that it may have been a battle, but it may have also been a huge bandit raid upon a travelling merchant caravan:
Archaeologists Make Shocking Discovery At The Tollense Battle Site
German archaeologists have rewritten history by proving that the Tollense battle site was actually Europe’s oldest massacre and it’s a gruesome tale!
Bronze Age Battle of Tollense Valley was actually a massacre
The Bronze Age battle may actually not have been a skirmish but a massacre, according to the archaeologists excavating the site.
Whatever happened, and the fact that it is still not perfectly understood, qualifies it as forgotten…
但在当时的北欧，人口密度远远不足以支撑一场数千人参与的战役，即使在今天，这里仍是一个相当偏远、人烟稀少的地区(至少以德国的标准来衡量) : 而且从以往的考古记录看，也没有任何东西表明这处地方有何与众不同。
众所周知，这一地区曾发生过暴力事件，毕竟，最近发现了奥兹冰人的遗体，除此之外还发现了一些持有武器的人的遗骸以及墓葬，遗骸上发现了伤口愈合的痕迹，这些都表明非常小规模的突袭并不罕见，但一般来说，人们认为这些都是相当小规模的事情，实际上不过是袭击而已，但这些发现的绝对规模证明，这远不仅仅是一个孤立的小村庄对另一个小村庄的突袭。
然后，对遗骸的DNA分析表明，至少有一部分死者来自离他们出土地点相当远的距离。
托伦瑟河谷战场（遗迹）：北欧的 "特洛伊战争"，暗示了西方巴尔托-斯拉夫的起源
在这期间，有更多的研究表明，这可能是一场战斗，但也可能是一伙庞大的强盗袭击了一支商队：
链接：《考古学家在托伦瑟战役遗址上的惊人发现》
——德国考古学家改写了历史，证明托伦瑟战役遗址实际上是欧洲最古老的大屠杀，而且是一个可怕的故事 !
链接：《青铜时代的托伦瑟山谷之战实际上是一场大屠杀》
——据发掘该遗址的考古学家称，这场青铜时代的战斗实际上可能不是一场小规模的战斗，而是一场大屠杀。
无论发生了什么，而事实是，它仍然没有被完全理解，这意味着它的确是一场被遗忘的战役.....
Dale Osborne
Two Contenders come to mind.
The Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260
where the Mongol Horde was defeated for the first time by mameluke cavalry and the first major battlefield use of primitive firearms.
The other Is Operation Ichi Go
the Largest Japanese offensive in WW2:
The Japanese army understood by 1944 that unless China could be knocked out of the war and troops redeployed to fight America Japan could not win the war. The orders were to seek victory or death. At the height of the fighting many Chinese and Japanese Units ran out of ammunition and were forced to fight hand to hand.
The Operation was tactically a bloodbath in terms of casualties with over half a million soldiers killed; operationally successful in that most obxtives were taken including the vital north-south railway lixing Korea to Vietnam through China and a total strategic failure in that the Soviet Invasion of Manchuria cut the line in the North while US bombing destroyed the railway in south and central China. It Also fatally wounded the Chinese Nationalist Army paving the way for the later Communist takeover.
我想到了两个。
1260年的阿音札鲁特战役
这场战役，蒙古部落第一次被马穆鲁克骑兵击败，第一次在主要战场上使用原始火器。
另一个是日本的“一号作战计划（行动）”
二战中日本最大规模的攻势：
到1944年，日军明白，除非中国退出战争，除非重新部署军队抗击美国，否则日本不可能赢得这场战争，军队接到的命令是，要么胜利，要么死，在战斗最激烈的时候，许多中国和日本部队都耗尽了弹药，被迫进行肉搏战。
这场战役是一次惨烈的大屠杀，造成50多万士兵伤亡，日军在战术上成功了，因为其大多数目标得以实现，包括占领通过中国连接朝鲜和越南的至关重要的南北铁路，但战略上却是失败的，苏联进入满洲并切断了北方的铁路，而美国轰炸摧毁了中国南部和中部的铁路，这场战役还对中国国民党军队造成了致命的损害，为后来共产党的接管铺平了道路。
Two Contenders come to mind.
The Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260
where the Mongol Horde was defeated for the first time by mameluke cavalry and the first major battlefield use of primitive firearms.
The other Is Operation Ichi Go
the Largest Japanese offensive in WW2:
The Japanese army understood by 1944 that unless China could be knocked out of the war and troops redeployed to fight America Japan could not win the war. The orders were to seek victory or death. At the height of the fighting many Chinese and Japanese Units ran out of ammunition and were forced to fight hand to hand.
The Operation was tactically a bloodbath in terms of casualties with over half a million soldiers killed; operationally successful in that most obxtives were taken including the vital north-south railway lixing Korea to Vietnam through China and a total strategic failure in that the Soviet Invasion of Manchuria cut the line in the North while US bombing destroyed the railway in south and central China. It Also fatally wounded the Chinese Nationalist Army paving the way for the later Communist takeover.
我想到了两个。
1260年的阿音札鲁特战役
这场战役，蒙古部落第一次被马穆鲁克骑兵击败，第一次在主要战场上使用原始火器。
另一个是日本的“一号作战计划（行动）”
二战中日本最大规模的攻势：
到1944年，日军明白，除非中国退出战争，除非重新部署军队抗击美国，否则日本不可能赢得这场战争，军队接到的命令是，要么胜利，要么死，在战斗最激烈的时候，许多中国和日本部队都耗尽了弹药，被迫进行肉搏战。
这场战役是一次惨烈的大屠杀，造成50多万士兵伤亡，日军在战术上成功了，因为其大多数目标得以实现，包括占领通过中国连接朝鲜和越南的至关重要的南北铁路，但战略上却是失败的，苏联进入满洲并切断了北方的铁路，而美国轰炸摧毁了中国南部和中部的铁路，这场战役还对中国国民党军队造成了致命的损害，为后来共产党的接管铺平了道路。
Ernest W. Adams
If we knew, it wouldn't be forgotten!
However, there are battles that aren't very well-known to the general public, especially if they took place in more remote parts of the world. A small example is the Japanese attacks on the Aleutian Islands during World War II, which aren't very well-known even to Americans.
On the large scale, the West is mostly unfamiliar with the battles of Genghis Khan, but of course they are well-remembered in Mongolia.
There is archaeological evidence for some battles for which there is no historical evidence. In Britain, archaeologists have found mass graves in which the skeletons display evidence of violence, yet no historical record of the actual battle. However, these are seldom "great" battles.
如果我们知道，就不会被遗忘！
然而，有些战斗对于公众来说并不是很熟悉，特别是如果它们发生在世界上极其偏远的地方，一个小例子是二战期间日本对阿留申群岛的攻击，这甚至对美国人来说都不是很熟悉。
在大规模战役上，西方人对成吉思汗发动的战役基本上是不熟悉的，但是它们显然在蒙古是被铭记的。
有些战役的考古学证据是没有历史证据的，在英国，考古学家发现了大量的坟墓，其中的某些遗骸显示了暴力的证据，但是没有实际战斗的历史记录，然而，这些战役很少是“伟大的”战役。
If we knew, it wouldn't be forgotten!
However, there are battles that aren't very well-known to the general public, especially if they took place in more remote parts of the world. A small example is the Japanese attacks on the Aleutian Islands during World War II, which aren't very well-known even to Americans.
On the large scale, the West is mostly unfamiliar with the battles of Genghis Khan, but of course they are well-remembered in Mongolia.
There is archaeological evidence for some battles for which there is no historical evidence. In Britain, archaeologists have found mass graves in which the skeletons display evidence of violence, yet no historical record of the actual battle. However, these are seldom "great" battles.
如果我们知道，就不会被遗忘！
然而，有些战斗对于公众来说并不是很熟悉，特别是如果它们发生在世界上极其偏远的地方，一个小例子是二战期间日本对阿留申群岛的攻击，这甚至对美国人来说都不是很熟悉。
在大规模战役上，西方人对成吉思汗发动的战役基本上是不熟悉的，但是它们显然在蒙古是被铭记的。
有些战役的考古学证据是没有历史证据的，在英国，考古学家发现了大量的坟墓，其中的某些遗骸显示了暴力的证据，但是没有实际战斗的历史记录，然而，这些战役很少是“伟大的”战役。
Animesh Bohara
Battle of Kohima and Imphal (1944)
If you had to choose Britain's greatest battle ever, what would you choose?
Perhaps the Battle of Waterloo, resulting in the exile of Napoleon and establishment of peace throughout Europe. Or the Battle of Normandy, the largest seaborne invasion in history, laying the foundations of Allied victory on the Western Front in WWII.
The Battle of Kohima and Imphal beat the above two to be voted as Britain’s greatest battle ever by the National Army Museum of Britain.
Kohima and Imphal are small cities in north-east India, under British colonial rule at the time, with a combined population of less than 0.5 million.
科希玛-英帕尔战役（1944年）
如果让你选择英国有史以来最伟大的战役，你会选择哪场战役？
也许是滑铁卢战役，它导致了拿破仑的流亡，建立了整个欧洲的和平，或者诺曼底战役，历史上最大的一次海上攻势，为二战中盟军在西线的胜利奠定了基础。
科希玛-英帕尔战役击败了上述两场战役，被英国国家陆军博物馆评选为英国有史以来最伟大的战役。
科希马-英帕尔是印度东北部一个小城市，当时处于英国的殖民统治之下，总人口不到50万。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Battle of Kohima and Imphal (1944)
If you had to choose Britain's greatest battle ever, what would you choose?
Perhaps the Battle of Waterloo, resulting in the exile of Napoleon and establishment of peace throughout Europe. Or the Battle of Normandy, the largest seaborne invasion in history, laying the foundations of Allied victory on the Western Front in WWII.
The Battle of Kohima and Imphal beat the above two to be voted as Britain’s greatest battle ever by the National Army Museum of Britain.
Kohima and Imphal are small cities in north-east India, under British colonial rule at the time, with a combined population of less than 0.5 million.
科希玛-英帕尔战役（1944年）
如果让你选择英国有史以来最伟大的战役，你会选择哪场战役？
也许是滑铁卢战役，它导致了拿破仑的流亡，建立了整个欧洲的和平，或者诺曼底战役，历史上最大的一次海上攻势，为二战中盟军在西线的胜利奠定了基础。
科希玛-英帕尔战役击败了上述两场战役，被英国国家陆军博物馆评选为英国有史以来最伟大的战役。
科希马-英帕尔是印度东北部一个小城市，当时处于英国的殖民统治之下，总人口不到50万。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The Japanese had already taken over Burma from British rule in 1942. Imphal is situated in a plain surrounded by hills. It was the main British base in the area. By capturing it, the Japanese would have been able to interrupt air supplies to China, and additionally would have provided them the ability to conduct air attacks against India. Continuing their expansionist campaign, and to forestall a planned British invasion of Burma, the Japanese forces, led by Lieutenant-General Renya Mutaguchi intended to capture the British supply bases on the Imphal Plain and cut the road lixing Dimapur and Imphal at Kohima. The British-Indian forces were commanded by Lieutenant-General William Slim. But the Japanese had severely underestimated the enemy’s defensive skills and their ability to bring up reinforcements. The Allies had the advantage in communications and logistics and this helped them in quick deployment of troops and providing supplies by air. It was clear the Japanese offensive had failed but Mutaguchi refused to give up, resulting in the biggest Japanese loss till then. They suffered around 53000 casualties out of an 85000-strong force, whereas the British suffered around 16000 casualties.
1942年日本人已经从英国统治下接管了缅甸，英帕尔位于一个被山丘包围的平原，它是英国在该地区的主要基地，占领了它，日本人就能中断对中国的空中补给，此外还能为他们夺得对印度进行空袭的能力。
为了继续他们的扩张，并阻止英国攻打缅甸的计划，由牟田口廉也中将率领的日本军队打算占领英帕尔平原上的英国供应基地，并在科希马切断连接迪马普尔和英帕尔的道路，英印部队由威廉斯利姆中将指挥，但日本人严重低估了敌人的防御能力和他们调来增援的能力，盟军在通信和后勤方面具有优势，这有助于他们快速部署部队并通过空运补充物资。很明显，日本人的攻势已经失败了，但牟田口廉也拒绝放弃，导致了日本人到当时为止最大的损失，85000人的部队，他们伤亡了约53000人，而英国人则伤亡了约16000人。
1942年日本人已经从英国统治下接管了缅甸，英帕尔位于一个被山丘包围的平原，它是英国在该地区的主要基地，占领了它，日本人就能中断对中国的空中补给，此外还能为他们夺得对印度进行空袭的能力。
为了继续他们的扩张，并阻止英国攻打缅甸的计划，由牟田口廉也中将率领的日本军队打算占领英帕尔平原上的英国供应基地，并在科希马切断连接迪马普尔和英帕尔的道路，英印部队由威廉斯利姆中将指挥，但日本人严重低估了敌人的防御能力和他们调来增援的能力，盟军在通信和后勤方面具有优势，这有助于他们快速部署部队并通过空运补充物资。很明显，日本人的攻势已经失败了，但牟田口廉也拒绝放弃，导致了日本人到当时为止最大的损失，85000人的部队，他们伤亡了约53000人，而英国人则伤亡了约16000人。
Why was this victory important to the Allies?
This defeat demonstrated to the Japanese they were not invincible. It was very important in preparing the entire Japanese nation to accept defeat. It also induced a new confidence in the Indian troops.
Why is this battle forgotten?
Even in India, the battle is not widely recognized. One of the reasons is that there were many Indians fighting from the losing side as well. The Japanese promised Indians ‘liberation’ from the British rule. The Indian National Army (INA) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists which sought to overthrow British rule in India by force. On the insistence of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, a prominent Indian freedom fighter, the INA fought alongside the Japanese forces. Though how the Japanese would have ‘liberated’ India can be seen by their colonization of Korea.[1]
The lack of recognition in the west can be attributed to the overlap with the Battle of Normandy (1944) and the hatred of then British Prime Minister Winston Churchill towards India.
The famous Kohima Epitaph in the Kohima War Cemetery reads:
When You Go Home, Tell Them of Us and Say,
For Your Tomorrow, We Gave Our Today
Sources :
Battles of Imphal and Kohima
Battle of Imphal - Wikipedia
为什么这场胜利对盟军很重要？
这次失败向日本人表明，他们并不是不可战胜的，它对整个日本民族准备接受失败非常重要，它也使印度军队燃起了新的信心。
为什么这场战役会被遗忘？
即使在印度，这场战斗也没有得到广泛认可，其中一个原因是，有许多印度人也参战了失败的一方，日本人承诺将印度人从英国的统治中 "解放 "出来，印度国民军（INA）是一支由印度民族主义者组成的武装力量，它试图用武力推翻英国在印度的统治，在印度著名自由战士内塔吉苏巴什·钱德拉的坚持下，印度国民军与日本军队并肩作战，尽管日本人如何 "解放 "印度，从他们对朝鲜的殖民化中可以看得出来。
西方国家对这一战役的不认可可以归因于与诺曼底战役（1944年）的重叠以及当时的英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔对印度的仇恨。
科希玛战役公墓中著名的科希玛墓志铭是这样写的：
“当你回家时，告诉他们我们的存在：为了你们的明天，我们献出了今天”
资料来源：
英帕尔-科希玛战役
英帕尔战役- 维基百科
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
This defeat demonstrated to the Japanese they were not invincible. It was very important in preparing the entire Japanese nation to accept defeat. It also induced a new confidence in the Indian troops.
Why is this battle forgotten?
Even in India, the battle is not widely recognized. One of the reasons is that there were many Indians fighting from the losing side as well. The Japanese promised Indians ‘liberation’ from the British rule. The Indian National Army (INA) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists which sought to overthrow British rule in India by force. On the insistence of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, a prominent Indian freedom fighter, the INA fought alongside the Japanese forces. Though how the Japanese would have ‘liberated’ India can be seen by their colonization of Korea.[1]
The lack of recognition in the west can be attributed to the overlap with the Battle of Normandy (1944) and the hatred of then British Prime Minister Winston Churchill towards India.
The famous Kohima Epitaph in the Kohima War Cemetery reads:
When You Go Home, Tell Them of Us and Say,
For Your Tomorrow, We Gave Our Today
Sources :
Battles of Imphal and Kohima
Battle of Imphal - Wikipedia
为什么这场胜利对盟军很重要？
这次失败向日本人表明，他们并不是不可战胜的，它对整个日本民族准备接受失败非常重要，它也使印度军队燃起了新的信心。
为什么这场战役会被遗忘？
即使在印度，这场战斗也没有得到广泛认可，其中一个原因是，有许多印度人也参战了失败的一方，日本人承诺将印度人从英国的统治中 "解放 "出来，印度国民军（INA）是一支由印度民族主义者组成的武装力量，它试图用武力推翻英国在印度的统治，在印度著名自由战士内塔吉苏巴什·钱德拉的坚持下，印度国民军与日本军队并肩作战，尽管日本人如何 "解放 "印度，从他们对朝鲜的殖民化中可以看得出来。
西方国家对这一战役的不认可可以归因于与诺曼底战役（1944年）的重叠以及当时的英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔对印度的仇恨。
科希玛战役公墓中著名的科希玛墓志铭是这样写的：
“当你回家时，告诉他们我们的存在：为了你们的明天，我们献出了今天”
资料来源：
英帕尔-科希玛战役
英帕尔战役- 维基百科
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
David M. Prus
I would say a few of them need more publicity as world-changers:
Yarmouk-The Arabs defeat the Byzantines 636
Bouvines-The French defeat the Germans and English in 1214
Liaoluo Bay-The Ming navy defeats the Dutch navy over Taiwan.
Vienna-Austria and Poland defeat the Ottomans in 1683
Poltova-Russia defeats Sweden 1709
I know for a fact that a great deal of battles and wars have been only remembered in oral lore-the battles of the Native Americans, Oceanians, and Africans have mostly been ignored, especially the times they actually defeated the Europeans.
我想说的是，其中有几场战役需要作为改变世界的战役进行更多广发的宣传：
耶尔穆克战役——阿拉伯人击败了拜占庭人，公元636年
布汶战役——法国人击败了德国人和英国人，公元1214年
料罗湾战役——明朝海军在台湾海域击败了荷兰海军
维也纳战役——奥地利和波兰击败了奥斯曼人，公元1683年
波尔图瓦战役——俄罗斯击败了瑞典，公元1709年
我知道，事实上，很多战役和战争都只在口头流传——美洲土著人、大洋洲人和非洲人的战争大多被忽视了，尤其是他们打败欧洲人的那些战争。
I would say a few of them need more publicity as world-changers:
Yarmouk-The Arabs defeat the Byzantines 636
Bouvines-The French defeat the Germans and English in 1214
Liaoluo Bay-The Ming navy defeats the Dutch navy over Taiwan.
Vienna-Austria and Poland defeat the Ottomans in 1683
Poltova-Russia defeats Sweden 1709
I know for a fact that a great deal of battles and wars have been only remembered in oral lore-the battles of the Native Americans, Oceanians, and Africans have mostly been ignored, especially the times they actually defeated the Europeans.
我想说的是，其中有几场战役需要作为改变世界的战役进行更多广发的宣传：
耶尔穆克战役——阿拉伯人击败了拜占庭人，公元636年
布汶战役——法国人击败了德国人和英国人，公元1214年
料罗湾战役——明朝海军在台湾海域击败了荷兰海军
维也纳战役——奥地利和波兰击败了奥斯曼人，公元1683年
波尔图瓦战役——俄罗斯击败了瑞典，公元1709年
我知道，事实上，很多战役和战争都只在口头流传——美洲土著人、大洋洲人和非洲人的战争大多被忽视了，尤其是他们打败欧洲人的那些战争。
Ahmad Hussain
Battle of Talas
751AD, newly formed Abbasid Caliphate and the mighty Tang duke it out in Central Asia on the banks of Talas River modern day Kazakhstan .
This marked the end of Chinese westward expansion and Abbasid control of Transoxiana.
Shortly after the battle of Talas, the domestic An Lushan rebellion and subsequent warlord-ism gave the Arabs the opportunity to further expand into Central Asia as Tang influence in the region retreated. The An Lushan Rebellion started in 755 and lasted until 763, forcing the Tang army to retreat from the Xinjiang after enjoying around 100 years of sovereignty. This effectively ended the Tang Chinese presence in Central Asia. In 756 Al-Mansur sent more than 22,000 Arab mercenaries to assist Emperor Xuanzong of Tang in the An Lushan rebellion. The Muslim population of Ningxia are considered descendants of the Arab soldiers who settled after Chang'an was recaptured.
But most importantly Paper. According to ancient Arabic sources,[dubious – discuss] Chinese prisoners of war are responsible for a technology transfer to the Islamic world, because they engaged in the craft of papermaking while living on land occupied by the Abbasid caliphate following the lost battle of Talas. No historic Chinese source records this transfer of technology through prisoners of war. However, Du Huan who was captured by the Abbasid army at the battle of Talas and upon his return to China published his travel writings, documented that Chinese crafts such as silk weaving were practiced by Chinese prisoners of war while living on Abbasid controlled territory. However, it was only after the first paper mill was built in the Abbasid imperial capital of Baghdad in 794-795 that paper was manufactured throughout the Islamic world and paper started to replace papyrus
Check this wonderful videos from History Marche
怛罗斯战役
公元751年，新成立的阿拔斯王朝和强大的唐朝在中亚的塔拉斯河畔（位于今天的哈萨克斯坦）一决雌雄。
这一战标志着中国向西扩张的结束和阿拔斯王朝控制了河中地区（Transoxiana，指中亚锡尔河和阿姆河流域以及泽拉夫尚河流域，包括今乌兹别克斯坦全境和哈萨克斯坦西南部，中国古代称之“河中”）。
塔拉斯战役之后不久，随着唐朝在中亚地区的影响力减弱，中国国内的安史之乱和随后的军阀混战给了阿拉伯人进一步扩张到中亚的机会，安史之乱始建于公元755年，一直持续到公元763年，唐军在享有100年主权后被迫撤出新疆，这实际上结束了唐朝中国在中亚的存在，756年，阿拔斯王朝第二任哈里发曼苏尔派遣22000名阿拉伯雇佣军协助唐玄宗平定安禄山叛乱，宁夏的穆斯林人口被认为是阿拉伯士兵的后裔，他们在长安被收复后定居于此。
但最重要的是纸。
根据古代阿拉伯资料，中国战俘向伊斯兰世界转移技术，因为他们在塔拉斯战役失败后居住在阿拔斯王朝占领的土地上，从事造纸工作，没有任何中国的历史资料记录了这种通过战俘的技术转移，然而，在塔拉斯战役中被阿巴斯军队俘虏的杜环在回国后发表了他的游记，记录了中国战俘在阿拔斯控制的领土上制作诸如丝织之类的中国工艺品，794-795年定都巴格达的阿拔斯帝国建造了第一个造纸厂后，伊斯兰世界开始生产纸张，纸张开始取代纸莎草纸。
看看这些精彩的视频吧
Battle of Talas
751AD, newly formed Abbasid Caliphate and the mighty Tang duke it out in Central Asia on the banks of Talas River modern day Kazakhstan .
This marked the end of Chinese westward expansion and Abbasid control of Transoxiana.
Shortly after the battle of Talas, the domestic An Lushan rebellion and subsequent warlord-ism gave the Arabs the opportunity to further expand into Central Asia as Tang influence in the region retreated. The An Lushan Rebellion started in 755 and lasted until 763, forcing the Tang army to retreat from the Xinjiang after enjoying around 100 years of sovereignty. This effectively ended the Tang Chinese presence in Central Asia. In 756 Al-Mansur sent more than 22,000 Arab mercenaries to assist Emperor Xuanzong of Tang in the An Lushan rebellion. The Muslim population of Ningxia are considered descendants of the Arab soldiers who settled after Chang'an was recaptured.
But most importantly Paper. According to ancient Arabic sources,[dubious – discuss] Chinese prisoners of war are responsible for a technology transfer to the Islamic world, because they engaged in the craft of papermaking while living on land occupied by the Abbasid caliphate following the lost battle of Talas. No historic Chinese source records this transfer of technology through prisoners of war. However, Du Huan who was captured by the Abbasid army at the battle of Talas and upon his return to China published his travel writings, documented that Chinese crafts such as silk weaving were practiced by Chinese prisoners of war while living on Abbasid controlled territory. However, it was only after the first paper mill was built in the Abbasid imperial capital of Baghdad in 794-795 that paper was manufactured throughout the Islamic world and paper started to replace papyrus
Check this wonderful videos from History Marche
怛罗斯战役
公元751年，新成立的阿拔斯王朝和强大的唐朝在中亚的塔拉斯河畔（位于今天的哈萨克斯坦）一决雌雄。
这一战标志着中国向西扩张的结束和阿拔斯王朝控制了河中地区（Transoxiana，指中亚锡尔河和阿姆河流域以及泽拉夫尚河流域，包括今乌兹别克斯坦全境和哈萨克斯坦西南部，中国古代称之“河中”）。
塔拉斯战役之后不久，随着唐朝在中亚地区的影响力减弱，中国国内的安史之乱和随后的军阀混战给了阿拉伯人进一步扩张到中亚的机会，安史之乱始建于公元755年，一直持续到公元763年，唐军在享有100年主权后被迫撤出新疆，这实际上结束了唐朝中国在中亚的存在，756年，阿拔斯王朝第二任哈里发曼苏尔派遣22000名阿拉伯雇佣军协助唐玄宗平定安禄山叛乱，宁夏的穆斯林人口被认为是阿拉伯士兵的后裔，他们在长安被收复后定居于此。
但最重要的是纸。
根据古代阿拉伯资料，中国战俘向伊斯兰世界转移技术，因为他们在塔拉斯战役失败后居住在阿拔斯王朝占领的土地上，从事造纸工作，没有任何中国的历史资料记录了这种通过战俘的技术转移，然而，在塔拉斯战役中被阿巴斯军队俘虏的杜环在回国后发表了他的游记，记录了中国战俘在阿拔斯控制的领土上制作诸如丝织之类的中国工艺品，794-795年定都巴格达的阿拔斯帝国建造了第一个造纸厂后，伊斯兰世界开始生产纸张，纸张开始取代纸莎草纸。
看看这些精彩的视频吧
Edit 1:
Fighting South of the Ramparts by Li Po
Last year we were fighting at the source of the Sanggan;1
This year we are fighting on the Onion River road.2
We have washed our swords in the surf of Parthian seas;
We have pastured our horses among the snows of the Tian Shan.3
The King’s armies have grown gray and old
Fighting ten thousand leagues away from home.
The Huns have no trade but battle and carnage;
They have no fields or ploughlands,
But only wastes where white bones lie among yellow sands.
Where the House of Qin built the great wall that was to keep away the Tartars,
There, in its turn, the House of Han lit beacons of war.
The beacons are always alight, fighting and marching never stop.
“Men die in the field, slashing sword to sword;
The horses of the conquered neigh piteously to Heaven.
Crows and hawks peck for human guts,
Carry them in their beaks and hang them on the branches of withered trees.
Captains and soldiers are smeared on the bushes and grass;
The General schemed in vain.
编辑1：
城南之战 作者：李白
去年，我们在桑干河的源头作战；
今年，我们在葱河的道路上战斗。
我们在帕提亚海的浪花中洗剑。
我们在天山的雪原里放牧我们的马匹。
在离家万里之地作战。
国王的军队已经灰暗和苍老。
匈奴人除了战斗和杀戮，没有贸易。
他们没有田地，没有耕地。
只有黄沙中躺着白骨的荒野。
大秦在那里修建了长城，以抵御鞑靼人。
汉家在那里点燃了战争的烽火。
烽火连天，战斗和行军从未停止。
男人死在战场上，刀剑相向。
被征服者的马匹悲鸣着奔向天堂。
乌鸦和老鹰啄食人的内脏。
用嘴叼着，挂在枯萎的树枝上。
军士被涂抹在灌木丛和草地上。
将军的谋划徒劳无功。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Fighting South of the Ramparts by Li Po
Last year we were fighting at the source of the Sanggan;1
This year we are fighting on the Onion River road.2
We have washed our swords in the surf of Parthian seas;
We have pastured our horses among the snows of the Tian Shan.3
The King’s armies have grown gray and old
Fighting ten thousand leagues away from home.
The Huns have no trade but battle and carnage;
They have no fields or ploughlands,
But only wastes where white bones lie among yellow sands.
Where the House of Qin built the great wall that was to keep away the Tartars,
There, in its turn, the House of Han lit beacons of war.
The beacons are always alight, fighting and marching never stop.
“Men die in the field, slashing sword to sword;
The horses of the conquered neigh piteously to Heaven.
Crows and hawks peck for human guts,
Carry them in their beaks and hang them on the branches of withered trees.
Captains and soldiers are smeared on the bushes and grass;
The General schemed in vain.
编辑1：
城南之战 作者：李白
去年，我们在桑干河的源头作战；
今年，我们在葱河的道路上战斗。
我们在帕提亚海的浪花中洗剑。
我们在天山的雪原里放牧我们的马匹。
在离家万里之地作战。
国王的军队已经灰暗和苍老。
匈奴人除了战斗和杀戮，没有贸易。
他们没有田地，没有耕地。
只有黄沙中躺着白骨的荒野。
大秦在那里修建了长城，以抵御鞑靼人。
汉家在那里点燃了战争的烽火。
烽火连天，战斗和行军从未停止。
男人死在战场上，刀剑相向。
被征服者的马匹悲鸣着奔向天堂。
乌鸦和老鹰啄食人的内脏。
用嘴叼着，挂在枯萎的树枝上。
军士被涂抹在灌木丛和草地上。
将军的谋划徒劳无功。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
1) The river that runs west to east through northern Shanxi and Hebei, north of the Great Wall.
2) The Kashgar-darya in Turkestan.
3) The “Heavenly Mountains” in China’s northwest.
1) 桑干河：这条河自西向东流经山西和河北北部，在长城以北
2) 葱河道：突厥斯坦的喀什达里亚
3) 天山：中国西北部的“天山”
译注：
原文应该为：
战城南 李白
去年战桑干源，今年战葱河道。
洗兵条支海上波，放马天山雪中草。
万里长征战，三军尽衰老。
匈奴以杀戮为耕作，古来唯见白骨黄沙田。
秦家筑城避胡处，汉家还有烽火然。
烽火然不息，征战无已时。
野战格斗死，败马号鸣向天悲。
乌鸢啄人肠，衔飞上挂枯树枝。
士卒涂草莽，将军空尔为。
2) The Kashgar-darya in Turkestan.
3) The “Heavenly Mountains” in China’s northwest.
1) 桑干河：这条河自西向东流经山西和河北北部，在长城以北
2) 葱河道：突厥斯坦的喀什达里亚
3) 天山：中国西北部的“天山”
译注：
原文应该为：
战城南 李白
去年战桑干源，今年战葱河道。
洗兵条支海上波，放马天山雪中草。
万里长征战，三军尽衰老。
匈奴以杀戮为耕作，古来唯见白骨黄沙田。
秦家筑城避胡处，汉家还有烽火然。
烽火然不息，征战无已时。
野战格斗死，败马号鸣向天悲。
乌鸢啄人肠，衔飞上挂枯树枝。
士卒涂草莽，将军空尔为。
Steven Neiman
The Gallipoli Campaign in WWI that involved the British empire versus what would become Turkey.
There were a half million casualties. Australia and New Zealand suffered major casualties and for the first time saw themselves as having earned an independent voice from Great Britain. On the other side, while ostensibly fighting for the Ottoman Empire, the victories here for Turkey and the growth of Ataturk's reputation and influence set the scene for the Turkish War for Independence and the rise of modern Turkey.
The campaign is notable for numerous acts of bravery, as well as for being a catalyst in the dismemberment of two empires.
第一次世界大战期间，大英帝国与后来的土耳其之间的加里波利之战。
死伤人数达50万，澳大利亚和新西兰遭受重大伤亡，并首次为自己赢得了独立于英国的话语权，在另一方，虽然表面上是为奥斯曼帝国而战，但土耳其取得的胜利以及阿塔图尔克声誉和影响力的增长，为土耳其独立战争和现代土耳其的崛起奠定了基础。
这场战役以无数的英勇行为而著称，同时也是两个帝国被肢解的催化剂。
The Gallipoli Campaign in WWI that involved the British empire versus what would become Turkey.
There were a half million casualties. Australia and New Zealand suffered major casualties and for the first time saw themselves as having earned an independent voice from Great Britain. On the other side, while ostensibly fighting for the Ottoman Empire, the victories here for Turkey and the growth of Ataturk's reputation and influence set the scene for the Turkish War for Independence and the rise of modern Turkey.
The campaign is notable for numerous acts of bravery, as well as for being a catalyst in the dismemberment of two empires.
第一次世界大战期间，大英帝国与后来的土耳其之间的加里波利之战。
死伤人数达50万，澳大利亚和新西兰遭受重大伤亡，并首次为自己赢得了独立于英国的话语权，在另一方，虽然表面上是为奥斯曼帝国而战，但土耳其取得的胜利以及阿塔图尔克声誉和影响力的增长，为土耳其独立战争和现代土耳其的崛起奠定了基础。
这场战役以无数的英勇行为而著称，同时也是两个帝国被肢解的催化剂。
Ronald M. Walker
I’m torn between two choices: Assaye (1803) which Wellingtn regarded as his own greatest victory. (Massively outgunned and outnumbered - of course! - he attacked. And won!) the other battle was chosen by Britain’s National Army Museum as the British Army’s geatest victory: Kohima (1944), where the Japanese frces were totally routed. A battle described as “The Stalingrad of the East”. Japan had cunted on looting Allied food stores to feed their own men.. the Allies air-dropped supplies to their troops. As a toe-to-toe slogging match, it was Japan’s biggest defeat of the war. (With many thousands of their soldiers starving to death.)
我这有两个选择，挺纠结。
阿萨依战役（1803年），威灵顿将其视为自己最伟大的胜利 ( 他在武器和人数上严重不足的情况下发动了进攻，并取得了胜利！)
另一场战役被英国国家陆军博物馆选为英军最伟大的胜利。
科希马战役（1944年），日本军队被完全击溃，这场战役被称为 "东方斯大林格勒战役"，日本为了养活自己的士兵掠夺盟军的食品仓库，而盟军则向他们的部队空投物资，这是一场激烈的战斗，是日本在战争中最大的失败 ( 成千上万的士兵被饿死)。
I’m torn between two choices: Assaye (1803) which Wellingtn regarded as his own greatest victory. (Massively outgunned and outnumbered - of course! - he attacked. And won!) the other battle was chosen by Britain’s National Army Museum as the British Army’s geatest victory: Kohima (1944), where the Japanese frces were totally routed. A battle described as “The Stalingrad of the East”. Japan had cunted on looting Allied food stores to feed their own men.. the Allies air-dropped supplies to their troops. As a toe-to-toe slogging match, it was Japan’s biggest defeat of the war. (With many thousands of their soldiers starving to death.)
我这有两个选择，挺纠结。
阿萨依战役（1803年），威灵顿将其视为自己最伟大的胜利 ( 他在武器和人数上严重不足的情况下发动了进攻，并取得了胜利！)
另一场战役被英国国家陆军博物馆选为英军最伟大的胜利。
科希马战役（1944年），日本军队被完全击溃，这场战役被称为 "东方斯大林格勒战役"，日本为了养活自己的士兵掠夺盟军的食品仓库，而盟军则向他们的部队空投物资，这是一场激烈的战斗，是日本在战争中最大的失败 ( 成千上万的士兵被饿死)。
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