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John Cate
One major reason is because they have had a friend in Europe ever since 1147:
Now, back in 1147, it was just the St. George’s Cross in the middle, since the rest of the UK hadn’t united yet, but you get the idea.
During the Second Crusade, a force that included several thousand Englishmen came to the aid of King Afonso I of Portugal and helped him capture Lisbon from the Moors in 1147. (They haven’t actually had the same borders since 1139.) This was the beginning of friendly relations between the two nations. England and Portugal signed a treaty of friendship in 1373 and made a formal alliance at the Treaty of Windsor in 1386.
Anglo-Portuguese Alliance - Wikipedia
Since then, the two nations have never been at war with one another. Portugal was forced to side with Spain when the Spanish crown held Portugal between 1580 and 1640, but even then, many Portuguese never accepted Spanish rule and went into exile in England. When the Portuguese overthrew their unwanted Spanish overlords, guess who was there to assist? When the country regained its independence, the 1386 treaty was still considered to be in force.
When Napoleon and his satellite government in Spain invaded Portugal, the Portuguese maintained their independence with British help. The French occupied the country in 1807, but Sir Arthur Wellesley, later the Duke of Wellington, showed up in 1808, and with the help of the Portuguese people, gave the French the boot.

一个主要原因是，他们自1147年起就在欧洲有了一个朋友:
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现在，回到1147年，英格兰还只有圣乔治十字，因为英国的其他地方还没有统一，但你应该明白。在第二次十字军东征期间，一支包括数千名英国人的军队前来帮助葡萄牙国王阿方索一世，并帮助他在1147年从摩尔人手中夺取里斯本。这是两国友好关系的开始。英国和葡萄牙在1373年签订了友好条约，并在1386年的《温莎条约》中正式结盟。链接：《英葡联盟》
从那以后，两国之间从未发生过战争。1580年至1640年，西班牙统治葡萄牙时，葡萄牙被迫站在西班牙一边，但即便如此，许多葡萄牙人从未接受西班牙的统治，并流亡到英国。当葡萄牙人推翻他们不受欢迎的西班牙领主时，猜猜谁在那里协助它?当这个国家重新获得独立时，1386年的条约仍然被认为有效。
当拿破仑和他在西班牙的附属国政府入侵葡萄牙时，葡萄牙在英国的帮助下保持了独立。法国在1807年占领了这个国家，但亚瑟·韦尔斯利爵士，后来的惠灵顿公爵，在1808年出现，并在葡萄牙人民的帮助下，把法国踢了出去。

There was a low point in relations between the two countries when the British strong-armed Portugal over a colonial dispute in 1890, but the Portuguese still kept to the alliance, eventually entering WW1 on the Allied side and granting facilities to the Royal Navy in the Azores during WW2. (Portugal was officially neutral, but favored the Allies as much as Franco favored the Axis. Not wanting a conflict in the Iberian Peninsula, the British never asked Salazar to enter the war.) Portugal again made the Azores available to the British during the 1982 Falklands War.
When Churchill asked for the use of the Azores in 1943, he addressed Parliament about the matter and made a point of stressing that he was invoking agreements that dated back almost six centuries:
"I have an announcement", I said, "to make to the House arising out of the treaty signed between this country and Portugal in the year 1373 between His Majesty King Edward III and King Ferdinand and Queen Eleanor of Portugal."
I spoke in a level voice, and made a pause to allow the House to take in the date, 1373. As this soaked in there was something like a gasp. I do not suppose any such continuity of relations between two Powers has ever been, or will ever be, set forth in the ordinary day-to-day work of British diplomacy.
Portugal has chosen its friends well…

两国关系曾在1890年处于低谷，当时英国因殖民争端对葡萄牙施加了武力，但葡萄牙人仍然加入了联盟，最终在一战中站在盟军一边，并在二战期间在亚速尔群岛向皇家海军提供设施。葡萄牙官方是中立的，但它支持同盟国，就像佛朗哥支持轴心国一样。由于不希望伊比利亚半岛发生冲突，英国从未要求萨拉查参战。1982年马岛战争期间，葡萄牙再次向英国提供亚速尔群岛。
1943年，当丘吉尔要求使用亚速尔群岛时，他就此事向议会发表了演讲，并强调他援引的协议可以追溯到近六个世纪以前:（回忆录摘录）
“我要宣布一件事，”我说，“根据爱德华三世陛下与葡萄牙国王费迪南德和王后埃莉诺于1373年签订的条约。”
我平心静气地说着，然后停顿了一下，让众议院了解一下日期:1373年。当它被理解的时候，有人倒吸了一口气。我认为，在英国的日常外交工作中，这两个大国之间的关系从来没有，也永远不会有这样的连续性。
葡萄牙的朋友选得很好……

Tiago Oliveira
I’m so happy that Cate made an answer about my country, eheh! There’s some stuff here I had no idea! Always good to know!
Cate, do you just know this kind of stuff or you research as you’re faced with questions on Quora?

我很高兴楼主回答了关于我的国家的问题。有些东西我完全不知道！知道总是好的！
楼主，你只是知道这些东西吗?还是你在Quora上面对这些问题时做了研究?

John Cate
I knew the generalities of it, and I fleshed out the details with some research.
I didn’t just ad-lib the entire answer. I clicked on the answer button as soon as I saw the question, started writing, and looked up a few sources on the alliance to make sure I had the dates correct.

我知道它的大概，并通过一些研究充实了细节。
我不是随便编的答案。我一看到问题就点击了回答按钮，开始写，并查阅了一些这个联盟的资料，以确保我的日期是正确的。

Reiner Sousa
This is not an accurate answer at all.
The truth is Britain has only used the treaty to serve British interests.

这根本不是一个准确的答案。
事实是，英国只是利用该条约为自己服务。
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Thomas Anderson
Are you able to give an example?
The Peninsular campaign was designed to bleed the French dry and lead to their ultimate defeat, but it wasn’t in British interests to march around Portugal, paying vast fortunes to supply the troops. (The French, in case you’re wondering, just took supplies from Portugal and never paid for them).
Edit:As Mr Sousa hasn’t bothered to give a response in nearly a month, I’m going to assume that he doesn’t have any examples to back up his statement. You can draw your own conclusions about that…

你能举个例子吗?
半岛战役旨在榨干法军的血，导致他们的最终失败，但英国不愿意在葡萄牙周围进军，要供给军队这需要支付巨额资金。
法国人，如果你想知道的话，只是从葡萄牙拿了补给却没付钱。
补充：由于楼上近一个月来都懒得回复，我假设他没有任何例子来支持他的说法。关于这件事大家可以得出自己的结论。

Reiner Sousa
There is a long list starting from 1640 to 1892 to 1943 to 1961 to the year 1982.
Britain wanted to desperately defeat Napoleon at all costs - and that is the only time they ‘helped’ Portugal. It was very much in British interests to defeat Napoleon.
I must have missed your comment.

从1640年到1892年、1943年、1961年，再到1982年，清单很长。
英国想要不惜一切代价打败拿破仑，而那是他们唯一一次“帮助”葡萄牙。打败拿破仑非常符合英国的利益。
我没注意你的评论（所以才没有及时回复）。

Thomas Anderson
They’re just dates, not examples. If you were trying to write a history essay using this as a basis, it would be a D-. You made several assertions, which I have questioned, and it is now incumbent on you to provide evidence.
I’m not particularly well versed in this part of history, but I reject the statement that the Napoleonic Wars was “the only time they ‘helped’ Portugal”: Britain intervened to help Portugal against Spanish invasion in the 7 Years War, for example.
Britain supported Portugal in the fight against Napoleon. Of course there was an element of British self interest - it was a fight for survival as Napoleon wanted to invade! Britain also supported Spain, Prussia, Russia, Holland, Austria, Sweden etc etc, so I’m not sure what point you’re trying to make. To suggest that the fight against Napoleon (the person who dragged the whole of Europe into war) was waged purely for British self interest is nonsense.

它们只是日期，不是例子。如果你想写一篇历史论文而以此为基础，你这篇只能得分D-。你提出了一些主张，我对此提出了质疑，现在你有责任提供证据。
我不是特别了解这段历史，但我不同意拿破仑战争是“他们唯一一次‘帮助’葡萄牙”的说法。例如，英国在七年战争中也帮助葡萄牙抵抗了西班牙的入侵。英国支持葡萄牙对抗拿破仑。当然，这其中也有英国自身利益的因素——这是一场为生存而战的战争，因为拿破仑想要入侵！英国还支持西班牙、普鲁士、俄罗斯、荷兰、奥地利、瑞典等，所以我不确定你想说什么。
认为与拿破仑(将整个欧洲拖入战争的人)的战争纯粹是为了英国自身利益的说法是无稽之谈。

Alan Robert Tyson
It’s a lovely ‘lost’ fact unbeknown to a lot of us. Thanks for that.
John O’Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster contributed to the lineage of the Illustrious Royal bloodline in Portugal the same year as the treaty was signed.
The John O’Gaunt pub across the way from me is named after him.

这是一个我们很多人都不知道的、可爱的、被人遗忘的事实。谢谢楼主。
约翰·奥冈特，兰开斯特公爵，在葡萄牙签署条约的同一年，为显赫的皇室血统做出了贡献。
我对面的约翰·奥冈特酒吧就是以他命名的。

Raymond Li
This is a standing ovation UPVOTE. I give them out to draw attention to Quora’s lack of distinction between good answers and great answers. Standing ovation upvotes go only to the best answers, and yours deserves one. Feel free to also start (sparingly) giving standing ovation upvotes!
Wow, fantastic historical divulgence!

这是值得起立鼓掌的答复。我强调这点，是为了让大家注意Quora没有区分好答案和优秀答案。
值得起立鼓掌的答复只会投给最好的答案，你的答案值得拥有。你也可以这样做。
哇，迷人的历史秘密!

Gomes David
As a Portuguese interested in History i find this answer to be true, but forgets our geography. Portugal borders are natural borders and were historically easy to defend. Our interior is almost a desert and never had the food ouput capable of maintaining a large conquering army. Our most important cities are near the shore and the invading countries never were the ones controlling the Atlantic ocean this way there was always a way in of men and goods.

作为一个对历史感兴趣的葡萄牙人，我发现这个答案是正确的，但无视了我们的地理。
葡萄牙的边界是天然边界，历史上很容易防御。我们的内部几乎是一个沙漠，从来没有足够的粮食产量来维持一支庞大的征服军。我们最重要的城市都在海岸附近，入侵的国家从来都不是那些控制大西洋的国家。
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John Cate
Certainly, there are other reasons. The fact that the Portuguese people made life hell for invaders worked in their favor too.
But having the wisdom to choose England as an ally was a very good decision on their part. Especially in the 16th century and later on, when the country controlling the Atlantic was England.

当然还有其他原因。事实上，葡萄牙人让入侵者生活在地狱里，这也对他们有利。
但是明智地选择英格兰作为盟友对他们来说是一个非常好的决定。特别是在16世纪及以后，当时控制大西洋的国家是英国。

James Fogge
To be fair, we didn’t really control the Atlantic until the 19th century. We gained that control when we broke the French fleets under Napoleon.

公平地说，我们直到19世纪才真正控制了大西洋。我们打败了拿破仑手下的法国舰队，取得了控制权。

Gomes David
At the time it was mutual interest, but it’s a definitely a good ally to have. Fun Facts: I’m saying this by heart so it’s possible i might be not fully correct. The Portuguese warcry untill 14th Century was “Por Santiago” translated to By Santiago. After the crisis with Castille in this Century it was changed to “Por S.Jorge” translated to By Saint George. Also Lisbon Castle is named S.Jorge, and for sure it was named around 14th Century when England helped against Castillan Invaders.

当时我们有共同的利益，但也绝对是一个很好的盟友。有趣的事实:（以下是我记忆中的，所以我可能不完全正确。）
直到14世纪，葡萄牙的战争口号是“Por Santiago”翻译过来是“By Santiago”。本世纪卡卡斯蒂兰危机后，更名为“Por S.Jorge”，翻译过来就是“By Saint George”。
里斯本城堡也被命名为S.Jorge，可以肯定的是，它是在14世纪左右被命名的，当时英国帮助抵抗卡斯蒂兰的入侵者。

Elaine Arnold
Fascinating post. I knew we had been allied with Portugal for a long time but not all these details- such as the help during Falklands.
On a personal note I have always found the Portugese to give a very friendly reception to British visitors and English is fairly widely spoken.
I am still hoping to get out there to a lovely yoga centre in the Northern Algarve in the Autumn. Portugal deserves to get its tourist trade back quickly once hopefully things settle down on the virus front across Europe.

迷人的答复。我知道我们与葡萄牙有很长一段时间的盟友关系，但不知道所有这些细节——比如在福克兰群岛事件上的援助。
就我个人而言，我一直发现葡萄牙人对英国游客非常友好，英语也被广泛使用。
我仍然希望在秋天的时候去阿尔加维北部一个可爱的瑜伽中心。一旦整个欧洲的疫情稳定下来，葡萄牙应该尽快恢复旅游业。

Hernani Miguel
Fun fact:
There never was a King Afonso the First in Portugal.
Well, there was a first King with Afonso on his name but we don’t call him King Afonso I, we call him King Afonso Henriques.
But the next Afonso is known as King Afonso II.

有趣的事实:
在葡萄牙从来就没有一位叫阿方索一世的国王。
第一位国王的名字是阿方索但我们不叫他阿方索一世，我们叫他阿方索·亨利克斯国王。
不过下一位阿方索就是众所周知的阿方索二世了。
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Philip Brian Hall
Somewhat surprisingly, the Portuguese place great stress on this alliance and its antiquity. On a recent visit, I was asked whether the English feel the same. I replied that any Englishman who knew anything about history would, if asked to name England’s most reliable ally unhesitatingly answer Portugal.

有些令人惊讶的是，葡萄牙人非常重视这种联盟和它的古老。在最近的一次访问中，有人问我英国人是否也有同样的感觉。
我回答说，任何一个懂历史的英国人，如果要他说出英国最可靠的盟友，都会毫不犹豫地回答葡萄牙。

Alun ap Rhisiart
As I recall, and this is from memory, Salazar did in fact offer to enter WWII on the side of the allies. However, if Portugal had done so then Spain would certainly have joined forces with the Axis, opening a new front on the Iberian peninsula, as you say. There were not sufficient resources available to fight on another front, so it was thought better if Portugal remained neutral, and the offer was politely turned down.

我记得，在我记忆中，萨拉查确实主动提出加入二战，站在盟军一边。然而，如果葡萄牙这么做了，那么西班牙肯定会加入轴心国，在伊比利亚半岛开辟新的战线，就像你说的。
由于没有足够的资源在另一条战线作战，所以葡萄牙保持中立是更好的选择，而这个提议被礼貌地拒绝了。

Pedro Teles
Although it is true that the Alliance with England, which became Britain in the 18th century played a role in Portuguese independence, one cannot really believe that it was the sole or the main cause. The Portuguese elite was better off being independent form Spain because they could profit much more, being an atlantic nation (like Britain and the Netherlands), unlike continental nations like France, Germany or Spain. Also, Portugal had always had a good army, at least one that could easily defeat the Spanish who really do not hold a very good record when it comes to their battles and wars against the Portuguese.

虽然与英格兰的联盟(在18世纪成为英国)确实在葡萄牙独立中发挥了作用，但人们不能真的认为这是唯一的或主要的原因。
与法国、德国或西班牙等大陆国家不同，作为一个大西洋国家(如英国和荷兰)，葡萄牙的精英们最好脱离西班牙而独立，因为他们可以获得更多的利益。此外，葡萄牙一直拥有一支优秀的军队，至少可以轻松击败西班牙，因为西班牙在与葡萄牙的战争记录并不算好。

Mike Bell
Portugal is a very interesting country.
Incidentally, one thing I have to say about Salazar is that while he may have been a dictator at home, his foreign policy decisions were quite intelligent. Looking back on them 40+ years later, I’d say that they were correct, too, even if they seemed authoritarian at the time.

葡萄牙是一个非常有趣的国家。
顺便说一句，关于萨拉查，我必须要说的是，虽然他在国内可能是一个独裁者，但他的外交政策决定相当明智。40多年后再回头看，我想说他们也是正确的，即使他们当时看起来很专制。

Marco Bozzi
That’s a lost fact actually (and thank you for sharing) but Anglo-Portugal Alliance has a little to do with I’m afraid.
You do forget something more important in the history of Portugal.
The real reason why Portugal has survived since, it’s because its first king Alphons I. — and so did the many who followed — decided (1143) creating himself and his whole kingdom as vassals to the pope (then Lucius II.). The pope accepted the vassalage the year later, recognising him as dux portugallensis. Later in 1179, the then pope Alexander III. officially recognised Alphons as the first king eventually.
Anyone who had only thought to expand at the cost of Portugal, would have committed act of aggression against the head of Christianity.
That’s all, historically, preserving the whole for such a long time.

这实际上是一个被人遗忘的事实(谢谢楼主的分享)，但在我看来英葡联盟恐怕在这里基本没什么关系。
你忘记了葡萄牙历史上更重要的东西。
葡萄牙之所以能幸存下来，是因为它的第一任国王阿方索一世，以及许多后来的国王决定(1143年)建立自己的王国，成为教皇(后来的卢修斯二世)的附庸国。一年后，教皇接受了封邑，承认他为dux portugallensis。后来在1179年，时任教皇亚历山大三世最终官方承认阿方索为第一任国王。
任何一个只想以牺牲葡萄牙为代价扩张的人，都将犯下对基督教领袖的侵略行为。
这就是历史上葡萄牙得以长存的原因。

Gualdim De Payns
Its funny how English still have an history told in the xixth century, romantic, ultra nacionalistic way, so, Portugal suddendly was invaded by Napoleon and the British came to help? Well, its well known that Portugal just was invaded to keep the ports open to England and that was why Napoleon decided to invade Portugal and in consequence also Spain! Its more than time for the old academics decadents fans of empire empty dreams to retire, the Cambridge relation with slavery stop writing books for blaming Portugal who in the beginning of the XVIIth century just traficked 76 thousand slaves to Brazil, then the Dutch made it much larger for comercial companies and the British made slavery an “industry”. Let the new generation of British historians, who understand that nowadays the world is global, not just an inland small village and that they have to tell the true, because the lies cant be hold for much long time, then it will be harder to be confronted with the true all at the same time!

有趣的是，19世纪的英国有这样一段历史，以浪漫的、极端民族主义的方式。所以，葡萄牙突然被拿破仑入侵，英国前来帮助?
众所周知，葡萄牙被入侵是因为它保持港口对英国开放，这就是为什么拿破仑决定入侵葡萄牙，结果也入侵了西班牙！对于那些热衷于帝国空虚梦想的老学究颓废主义者来说，是时候退休了。跟奴隶制扯上关系的剑桥大学，就不要来写书指责葡萄牙在18世纪初向巴西贩卖了7.6万名奴隶了。后来荷兰人将其扩大为商业公司，英国人则将奴隶制变成了“产业”。
让新一代的英国历史学家明白，当今世界是全球化的，而不仅仅是一个内陆的小村庄，他们必须说出真相，因为谎言撑不了多久。

Luis Serrano
Let me be clear here, the Anglo-Portuguese alliance benefited both countries, Portugal allied with Britain simply because of a balance of power, Spain always aligned with France (at least until they started to fight each other, but you can see the Spanish royals have a French king, Bourbon). If it wasn’t England/Britain, it would have to be another country, point is, Portugal is still independent today and punched above its weight because the Portuguese were alway good diplomates knowing when to fight or to ally depending on the situation

让我在这里明确一下，英葡联盟对两国都有利，葡萄牙与英国结盟只是为了力量平衡，西班牙总是与法国结盟（他们时不时会互相争斗，但你可以看到西班牙皇室有一个法国国王，波旁）。
如果不是英格兰，那也会是另一个国家。重点是，葡萄牙今天仍然是独立的，它的影响力超过了它的分量，因为葡萄牙人总是很好的外交官，知道什么时候战斗或根据情况结盟。

Alvaro Abreu
Could not be more wrong this answer. . England always leeched Portugal to incredible voracity. Check the treat of Methuen and the 1902 treaty in which Portugal was forced to give up the part of Africa that would aloud it to lix Mozambique and Angola, and permiting the British to open up then Rhodesia. Many other examples of this explotation can be given throughout history. England ALWAYS putted a VERY high price in any SMALL or big "help", even when it were their interest to do so. In as much, check the big chunk of India Portugal had to give up to GB, check the map and you ll see that the portuguese were the first to set settlements and really soon after they did, a "scavenger" England would come after to leech it. Malaca, Macau, Gos, Damao, Diu, and so on. I m sure Portugalmwould have been much better if it stayed at an arm distance to England. Eith friends like that, who needs enemies?

楼主的答复错得离谱。
英格兰一直对葡萄牙虎视眈眈。看看梅修恩的待遇和1902年的条约，葡萄牙被迫放弃连接莫桑比克和安哥拉的非洲部分，并允许向英国开放当时的罗得西亚。
历史上还有许多其他的例子。英格兰总是对任何大小的“帮助”提出了很高的要价，如果他们有兴趣这样做。同样，看看葡萄牙不得不把印度的大片土地让给英国。看看地图，你会发现葡萄牙人是第一个建立定居点的，在他们这么做之后不久，一个“清道夫”英格兰就会来拿走它。马六甲、澳门、哥斯、Damao、Diu等。
我相信如果葡萄牙和英格兰保持一段距离的话会更好。有这样的朋友，谁还需要敌人?
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Hugh Brennan
Besides the fact that Portuguese are very tough soldiers and have defended their homes with vigor, Portugal is a very tough country to invade. This was especially so in the era predating the internal combustion engine.
Coming at Portugal from the north or the east one encounters an interesting combination of terrain that reduces the possible avenues of invasion by land to three. The particular climate, and the farming practices of the arid region severely restrict the seasons an army dependent on animal transport can expect to be maintained in the field.
Horses, mules, oxen need food and water every day. The men need the food that the animals draw or carry or carry on the hoof. By time an army crossed the Spanish border it would already have consumed a sizable portion of its supplies as Spain itself had difficult and relatively non-productive terrain on the Portuguese border.
At the rate of march these animal powered armies could be expected to maintain they simply could not carry or find sufficient supplies enroute to engage in any lengthy campaigns. If the Portuguese gave battle, the invaders needed to be victorious or their retreat would be a disaster.
In later years, the Portuguese erected a handful of magnificent “artillery forts” that had to be reduced by siege. The same supply issues that made campaigns into Portugal difficult made sieges extremely difficult to pursue and maintain.

葡萄牙人是非常顽强的士兵，他们用精力保卫自己的家园，除此之外，葡萄牙是一个非常难以入侵的国家。在内燃机出现之前的时代尤其如此。
从北部或东部来到葡萄牙，你会遇到一个有趣的地形组合，这将可能的陆地入侵路径减少到三条。特殊的气候和干旱地区的耕作方式，严重限制了依靠动物运输的军队可以在野外维持的时间。
马、骡、牛每天都需要食物和水。人们需要动物们用蹄子搬运食物。当一支军队越过西班牙边境时，它已经消耗了相当一部分供给，因为西班牙本身在葡萄牙边境旁的地形就很困难了，并且周边没有高产区。
在行军的速度下，这些以动物为动力的军队可能无法携带或找到足够的补给来进行任何漫长的战役。如果与葡萄牙人开战，入侵者必须取得胜利，否则他们的撤退将是一场灾难。