QA:为什么云南有那么多生物？为什么要保护生物多样性？
正文翻译
为什么云南有那么多生物？为什么要保护生物多样性？
评论翻译
今年早些时候，一群野生大象史诗般的长途跋涉引起了全球的关注。
而云南就是这些可爱的动物结束旅程的地方。
Ernest W. Adams
, Game design consultant, author and professor，Lives in England
The relationships in the natural world are enormously complex and not well understood. When we lose a species, it has knock-on effects on other species, and can ultimately affect humans. I'll give you an example. Somebody told Chairman Mao that some species of bird (sparrows?) eat grain. Mao then declared war on those birds, in order to boost food production for humans. What he didn't know is that they also eat insects, and that is really the majority of their diet. With the birds gone, the insect population boomed, and the insects ate far more grain than the birds ever would have. It was a disaster and contributed to Chinese Famine.
We have recently learned that wolves, of all things, are good for the environment. By keeping the deer population under control, they prevent over-grazing of plants. This in turn helps to prevent soil erosion.
自然界中的关系极其复杂，而且还没有得到很好的了解。当我们失去一个物种时，它会对其他物种产生连锁效应，并最终影响到人类。我给你举个例子，有人曾告诉中国人，有些鸟类（麻雀？）会吃谷物，于是他们随后向这些鸟类宣战，以提高粮食产量。但他们不知道的是，这些鸟类也吃昆虫，而且昆虫确实是它们的主要食物。随着鸟类的消失，昆虫的数量激增，昆虫所吃的谷物比鸟类所吃的多得多。这是一场灾难，并导致了饥荒。
我们最近了解到，狼对环境是有益的。通过控制鹿的数量，他们可以防止鹿对植物的过度破坏，这反过来又有助于防止土壤被侵蚀。
Victoria Guo
, currently working in Kunming, Yunnan
The “Spring City” is widely acclaimed as one of the most inhabitable cities in China and it boasts prominent ecological environment and most comfortable climate.
Kunming is the capital city of Yunnan province which is known as the “Kingdom of animals and plants”.
Earlier this year the epic long trek of a herd of wild elephants has captured global attention.
Yunnan is where the lovely creature ended their journey.
“春城”被誉为中国最适宜居住的城市之一，拥有优越的生态环境和最舒适的气候。
昆明是云南省的省会城市，而云南被誉为“动植物王国”。
, currently working in Kunming, Yunnan
The “Spring City” is widely acclaimed as one of the most inhabitable cities in China and it boasts prominent ecological environment and most comfortable climate.
Kunming is the capital city of Yunnan province which is known as the “Kingdom of animals and plants”.
Earlier this year the epic long trek of a herd of wild elephants has captured global attention.
Yunnan is where the lovely creature ended their journey.
“春城”被誉为中国最适宜居住的城市之一，拥有优越的生态环境和最舒适的气候。
昆明是云南省的省会城市，而云南被誉为“动植物王国”。
今年早些时候，一群野生大象史诗般的长途跋涉引起了全球的关注。
而云南就是这些可爱的动物结束旅程的地方。
The diversity of climate and terrain of the southern province (21°8′N～29°15′N) in China allows for the harmonious co-existence of a wide variety of animals and plants.
The province has established 166 nature reserves at different levels, protecting about 90 percent of the typical ecosystem and 85 percent of important species, including Asian elephants and Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys.
中国南部省份（21°8′N～29°15′N）气候和地形的多样性使多种动植物能够和谐共存。
该省已建立了166个不同级别的自然保护区，保护了约90%的有代表性的生态系统和85%的重要物种，包括亚洲象和滇金丝猴等。
The province has established 166 nature reserves at different levels, protecting about 90 percent of the typical ecosystem and 85 percent of important species, including Asian elephants and Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys.
中国南部省份（21°8′N～29°15′N）气候和地形的多样性使多种动植物能够和谐共存。
该省已建立了166个不同级别的自然保护区，保护了约90%的有代表性的生态系统和85%的重要物种，包括亚洲象和滇金丝猴等。
CGTN Social Team
, works at CGTN
China is listed as one of the 12 countries with particularly rich biodiversity in the world. The species of these 12 countries together account for 70 percent of the total number of species in the world.
But why Yunnan?
The southwestern province is crowned as the "Kingdom of Animals and Plants."
With only 4.1 percent of the country's total land area, Yunnan has all the types of ecosystems, except ocean and desert. The number of species of each genus there either approaches or exceeds half of the national total.
中国被列为世界上生物多样性特别丰富的12个国家之一，这12个国家的物种总数占世界物种总数的70%。
但为什么是云南？
因为这个西南省份被冠以“动植物王国”的称号。
云南仅占中国陆地总面积的4.1%，但它拥有除海洋和沙漠以外的所有类型的生态系统。那里每个属的物种数量都接近或超过全国总数的一半。
, works at CGTN
China is listed as one of the 12 countries with particularly rich biodiversity in the world. The species of these 12 countries together account for 70 percent of the total number of species in the world.
But why Yunnan?
The southwestern province is crowned as the "Kingdom of Animals and Plants."
With only 4.1 percent of the country's total land area, Yunnan has all the types of ecosystems, except ocean and desert. The number of species of each genus there either approaches or exceeds half of the national total.
中国被列为世界上生物多样性特别丰富的12个国家之一，这12个国家的物种总数占世界物种总数的70%。
但为什么是云南？
因为这个西南省份被冠以“动植物王国”的称号。
云南仅占中国陆地总面积的4.1%，但它拥有除海洋和沙漠以外的所有类型的生态系统。那里每个属的物种数量都接近或超过全国总数的一半。
There are more than 19,000 species of complex vegetation and over 2,000 species of vertebrates in Yunnan. Among them, many are endemic to Yunnan alone, unique to China and the world.
Yunnan has also taken the lead in local regulations on biodiversity protection and publishing the checklist of species. In 2018, it issued the country's first local regulations on biodiversity protection.
云南有1.9万多种复杂植被和2000多种脊椎动物，其中许多是云南所特有的，这在中国和世界上都是第一无二的。
云南还率先制定了生物多样性保护的地方性法规，并公布了物种清单。2018年，它发布了中国第一部生物多样性保护的地方性法规。
Yunnan has also taken the lead in local regulations on biodiversity protection and publishing the checklist of species. In 2018, it issued the country's first local regulations on biodiversity protection.
云南有1.9万多种复杂植被和2000多种脊椎动物，其中许多是云南所特有的，这在中国和世界上都是第一无二的。
云南还率先制定了生物多样性保护的地方性法规，并公布了物种清单。2018年，它发布了中国第一部生物多样性保护的地方性法规。
Ernest W. Adams
, Game design consultant, author and professor，Lives in England
The relationships in the natural world are enormously complex and not well understood. When we lose a species, it has knock-on effects on other species, and can ultimately affect humans. I'll give you an example. Somebody told Chairman Mao that some species of bird (sparrows?) eat grain. Mao then declared war on those birds, in order to boost food production for humans. What he didn't know is that they also eat insects, and that is really the majority of their diet. With the birds gone, the insect population boomed, and the insects ate far more grain than the birds ever would have. It was a disaster and contributed to Chinese Famine.
We have recently learned that wolves, of all things, are good for the environment. By keeping the deer population under control, they prevent over-grazing of plants. This in turn helps to prevent soil erosion.
自然界中的关系极其复杂，而且还没有得到很好的了解。当我们失去一个物种时，它会对其他物种产生连锁效应，并最终影响到人类。我给你举个例子，有人曾告诉中国人，有些鸟类（麻雀？）会吃谷物，于是他们随后向这些鸟类宣战，以提高粮食产量。但他们不知道的是，这些鸟类也吃昆虫，而且昆虫确实是它们的主要食物。随着鸟类的消失，昆虫的数量激增，昆虫所吃的谷物比鸟类所吃的多得多。这是一场灾难，并导致了饥荒。
我们最近了解到，狼对环境是有益的。通过控制鹿的数量，他们可以防止鹿对植物的过度破坏，这反过来又有助于防止土壤被侵蚀。
Patricia Snyder
, former aerobic/swim instructor, pool manager, plantsman，Lives in Port Orange, FL2012–present
A healthy biodiversity provides a number of natural services for everyone:
Ecosystem services, such as:
Protection of water resources
Soils formation and protection
Nutrient storage and recycling
Pollution breakdown and absorption
Contribution to climate stability
Maintenance of ecosystems
Recovery from unpredictable events
健康的生物多样性能为每个人提供许多自然服务：
生态系统服务，例如：
水资源保护
土壤的形成与保护
营养物质的储存和回收
污染的分解与吸收
对气候稳定的贡献
维持生态系统
从不可预测事件中恢复
, former aerobic/swim instructor, pool manager, plantsman，Lives in Port Orange, FL2012–present
A healthy biodiversity provides a number of natural services for everyone:
Ecosystem services, such as:
Protection of water resources
Soils formation and protection
Nutrient storage and recycling
Pollution breakdown and absorption
Contribution to climate stability
Maintenance of ecosystems
Recovery from unpredictable events
健康的生物多样性能为每个人提供许多自然服务：
生态系统服务，例如：
水资源保护
土壤的形成与保护
营养物质的储存和回收
污染的分解与吸收
对气候稳定的贡献
维持生态系统
从不可预测事件中恢复
Biological resources, such as:
Food
Medicinal resources and pharmaceutical drugs
Wood products
Ornamental plants
Breeding stocks, population reservoirs
Future resources
Diversity in genes, species and ecosystems
生物资源，例如：
食物
药用资源与药品
木制品
观赏植物
种畜、种群库
未来资源
基因、物种和生态系统的多样性
Food
Medicinal resources and pharmaceutical drugs
Wood products
Ornamental plants
Breeding stocks, population reservoirs
Future resources
Diversity in genes, species and ecosystems
生物资源，例如：
食物
药用资源与药品
木制品
观赏植物
种畜、种群库
未来资源
基因、物种和生态系统的多样性
Social benefits, such as:
Research, education and monitoring
Recreation and tourism
Cultural values
That is quite a lot of services we get for free! Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important roll to play. A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of food sources. Likewise, a greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.
社会福利，例如：
研究、教育和监测
休闲及旅游
文化价值
这是这么多我们能免费得到的服务！生物多样性提高了生态系统的生产力，每个物种，无论多么小，都有重要的作用。更多的植物种类意味着更多种类的食物来源。同样，更大的物种多样性确保了所有生命形式的自然可持续性。
Research, education and monitoring
Recreation and tourism
Cultural values
That is quite a lot of services we get for free! Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important roll to play. A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of food sources. Likewise, a greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.
社会福利，例如：
研究、教育和监测
休闲及旅游
文化价值
这是这么多我们能免费得到的服务！生物多样性提高了生态系统的生产力，每个物种，无论多么小，都有重要的作用。更多的植物种类意味着更多种类的食物来源。同样，更大的物种多样性确保了所有生命形式的自然可持续性。
That being said, a paper, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, used ice cores to confirm what had long been suspected — that the End-Permian Extinction (EPE), aka “the Great Dying”, was caused when volcanic eruptions released enormous amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, heating up the planet and acidifying the oceans.
Sound familiar? Because that’s exactly what humans are doing right now.
The net effect was that “the massive amount of greenhouse gases may have pushed the Earth system toward a critical tipping point, beyond which extreme changes in ocean pH and temperature led to irreversible mass extinction.”
尽管如此，发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一篇论文用冰芯证实了人们长期以来的怀疑，即二叠纪末期的灭绝（EPE），也就是“大灭绝”，是由于火山喷发向大气中释放了大量二氧化碳造成了地球升温，海洋酸化。
听起来熟悉吗？因为这正是人类现在正在做的。
Sound familiar? Because that’s exactly what humans are doing right now.
The net effect was that “the massive amount of greenhouse gases may have pushed the Earth system toward a critical tipping point, beyond which extreme changes in ocean pH and temperature led to irreversible mass extinction.”
尽管如此，发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一篇论文用冰芯证实了人们长期以来的怀疑，即二叠纪末期的灭绝（EPE），也就是“大灭绝”，是由于火山喷发向大气中释放了大量二氧化碳造成了地球升温，海洋酸化。
听起来熟悉吗？因为这正是人类现在正在做的。
This was bad news back then if you were a trilobite snuggled into the sandy floor of some Permian ocean, and it’s bad news today for humans perched cocky and comfortable atop a collapsing food chain.
Why should we be concerned? Because while the planet doesn’t yet have as much aggregate CO2 in the atmosphere as during the EPE peak, our annual release of CO2 today is about twice the amount that turned the planet into a giant graveyard.
And we have no idea when we might hit the irreversible tipping point that kills everything. Or if we have already.
净效应（The net effect）是“大量的温室气体可能已经将地球系统推向一个临界点，超过这个临界点，海洋pH值和温度的极端变化将导致不可逆转的大灭绝。”
如果你是一只栖息在二叠纪海洋的沙质海底的三叶虫，那么这在当时是个坏消息，而今天，对于栖息在崩溃的食物链上的骄傲而自信的人类来说，这也是个坏消息。
我们为什么要担心？因为虽然地球大气中的二氧化碳总量还没有大灭绝高峰期那么多，但我们现在每年释放的二氧化碳量大约是将地球变成一个巨大墓地所需数量的两倍。
我们不知道什么时候我们可能会达到毁灭一切的不可逆转的临界点，或者也许我们已经到了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Why should we be concerned? Because while the planet doesn’t yet have as much aggregate CO2 in the atmosphere as during the EPE peak, our annual release of CO2 today is about twice the amount that turned the planet into a giant graveyard.
And we have no idea when we might hit the irreversible tipping point that kills everything. Or if we have already.
净效应（The net effect）是“大量的温室气体可能已经将地球系统推向一个临界点，超过这个临界点，海洋pH值和温度的极端变化将导致不可逆转的大灭绝。”
如果你是一只栖息在二叠纪海洋的沙质海底的三叶虫，那么这在当时是个坏消息，而今天，对于栖息在崩溃的食物链上的骄傲而自信的人类来说，这也是个坏消息。
我们为什么要担心？因为虽然地球大气中的二氧化碳总量还没有大灭绝高峰期那么多，但我们现在每年释放的二氧化碳量大约是将地球变成一个巨大墓地所需数量的两倍。
我们不知道什么时候我们可能会达到毁灭一切的不可逆转的临界点，或者也许我们已经到了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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