外媒称003航母船坞已经注水,下水在即(早前主题)
2022-06-21 碧波荡漾恒河水 22231
正文翻译

China’s highly anticipated new carrier is seen fully decorated with its dry dock filled for its debut in new satellite imagery.

在新的卫星图像中,中国备受期待的新航母被充分装饰,且干船坞已经注水,以迎接首次亮相。

The highly anticipated launch of China's newest and most advanced aircraft carrier to date, presently known as the Type 003, looks set to happen in the very near future according to satellite imagery that The War Zone has obtained from Planet Labs.

根据War Zone从Planet Lab获得的卫星图像,中国最新和最先进的航空母舰——目前被称为003型——备受期待的下水,看起来将在不久的将来发生。

The image in question was taken at 7:21 AM Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) on June 14, or 3:21 PM local time in Shanghai. At the time of publishing, it is the morning of June 15 in that city.

这张照片拍摄于6月14日协调世界时上午7:21,也就是上海当地时间下午3:21。本文发稿时,正是该市6月15日上午。

The shot shows the Type 003 carrier, which is still undergoing the final phases of its construction in Shanghai, in a now flooded dry dock. Decorations on the catapults, along with flags hung over its island and down its side, as well as those along the perimeter of the flight deck, are plainly visible. This is all well in line with what has been observed at previous launches of Chinese aircraft carriers and other major warships.

这张照片显示的是003型航母,它仍然在上海进行最后阶段的建造,现在位于一个已注水的干船坞。弹射器上的装饰,以及悬挂在舰岛上方和侧翼的旗帜,以及飞行甲板周边的旗帜,都清晰可见。这与以往中国航母等主要军舰下水的情况相吻合。

The exact date for the launch of the Type 003, construction of which began at Jiangnan Shipyard in the mid-2010s, has recently been the topic of great speculation. Experts and observers had posited that this event might have been set to occur just over two weeks ago after Shanghai's Maritime Safety Administration publicly announced that five commercial ships at Jiangnan would be moved out of the same general area of the shipyard where the carrier is being built.This would have meant the launch would have coincided with Shanghai's Dragon Boat Festival.

003型在2010年代中期开始在江南造船厂建造,其下水的确切日期,最近一直是个广受猜测的话题。就在两周前,上海海事局曾公开宣布,将把江南造船厂的五艘商船搬离建造这艘航母的造船厂。此前,专家和观察人士曾猜测,这一事件在超过两周前可能就发生了。这就意味着这次下水将与上海的龙舟节相重合。

The Type 003 carrier is a key centerpiece of the Chinese government's efforts to not only expand and improve its overall military capabilities, but also its ability to project that power further beyond the country's borders. The ship has an advanced catapult-assisted take-off barrier arrested recovery (CATOBAR) design that is fundamentally different from that of the PLA Navy's (PLAN) two existing carriers.

003型航母不仅是中国扩大和提高整体军事能力的努力的核心,也是中国进一步向境外投射实力的能力的关键。该舰采用了先进的弹射器辅助起飞拦阻回收设计,从根本上不同于中国海军现有的两艘航母。

The PLAN's Type 001 Liaoning began life as a Soviet Kuznetsov class ship, the Varyag, which was never completed, while the Type 002 Shandong is a local derivative of that design. Both are short take-off, barrier-arrested recovery (STOBAR) types that feature "ski jump" forward flight decks instead of catapults for launching aircraft. Catapults drastically increase the payloads of aircraft that can fly off the deck and it also unlocks new carrier-capable aircraft design possibilities, among many other benefits.

中国海军001型辽宁舰的生涯,是作为苏联库兹涅佐夫级瓦良格号开始的,瓦良格号并未完成,而002型山东舰是该设计的本土衍生版。两舰都是短距起飞拦截回收型航母,具有“滑跃”前飞行甲板,而不是采用用于发射飞机的弹射器。弹射器大大增加了飞机从甲板上起飞的有效载荷,它还开启了新的舰载机设计可能性,还有许多其他好处。

Beyond simply using catapults, the Type 003 has been widely reported to feature an electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS) rather than a more traditional steam-powered arrangement. As already noted, the ship's three catapults can be seen prominently decorated in today's satellite imagery, underscoring their particular significance.

除了简单地使用弹射器之外,003型的一种特征得到广泛报道,它采用了电磁弹射系统,而不是更传统的蒸汽动力装置。如前所述,在今天的卫星图像中,可以明显看到舰上的三个弹射器,突出了它们的特殊意义。

To date, the U.S. Navy's Ford class is the only other type of carrier in the world to feature an EMALS, which, at least in principle, offers various benefits, including faster sortie generation rates and the ability to fine-tune the amount of force used to launch an aircraft. An EMALS has the potential to help reduce general wear and tear on aircraft being thrown off the deck by using only the force necessary to get them airborne and also expands the range of types that can readily make use of the system. This could include designs that are much smaller and lighter than traditional carrier aircraft, such as smaller drones and unmanned combat air vehicles.

到目前为止,美国海军的福特级是全世界上采用EMALS的唯一的另一款航母,这种装置至少在原则上具备各种好处,包括更快的出动频率和微调发射飞机所需的力量。EMALS可能通过仅使用必要的力让飞机升空,从而减少飞机飞离甲板时造成的一般磨损,还可以扩展范围,让更多型号的飞机能迅速使用这种系统。可能包括比传统舰载机更小、更轻的型号,比如更小的无人机和无人驾驶战斗飞行器。

The Type 003 will almost certainly carry a fundamentally new air wing, compared to those found on the Liaoning and Shandong, as well. As work on the new carrier has progressed, China's state-run aviation industry has also been working on new and advanced carrier-capable aircraft including a navalized version of the F-35-esque FC-31/J-35 stealth fighter jet and the KJ-600 airborne early warning and control aircraft, a rough analog to the U.S. Navy's E-2 Hawkeye.

与辽宁舰和山东舰相比,003型几乎肯定会搭载一款全新的飞机。随着这艘新航母工作的进展,中国国有的航空工业也一直在研究新型先进舰载机,包括海军版的F-35型FC-31/J-35隐形战斗机和KJ-600机载早期预警和控制飞机——大致类似于美国海军的E-2鹰眼。

Improved Flanker derivatives, such as the J-15T fighter and J-15D electronic warfare jet, are likely to fly from the Type 003's deck, too. Altogether, this mix of existing and planned aircraft very much mimics the expected future composition of the U.S. Navy's carrier air wings. The PLAN has clear ambitions to integrate various tiers of unmanned platforms on all of its aircraft carriers, and other ships, too, as you can read more about here.

改进的侧翼衍生型号,例如J-15T战斗机和J-15D电子战喷气机,也可能从003型的甲板上飞行。总的来说,这种现有和计划中的飞机的组合非常类似于美国海军未来航母航空联队的预期组成。中国海军有明确的野心,要在所有航母和其他舰艇上整合各种层次的无人平台,在这里可以阅读更多相关文章。

In addition, while aircraft carriers are and will continue to be important to the PLAN operational planning close to home, including in any crisis over Taiwan and in support of activities in the hotly contested South China Sea, it is actively moving to be able to deploy these ships and other surface actions groups further abroad.

此外,虽然航空母舰对中国海军在本土附近的行动计划是并且将继续是重要的,包括在(一旦发生的)台湾(省)危机,以及在竞争激烈的南中国海活动的支持,它正在积极地向能够在更远的海外部署这些舰艇和其他水面行动群。

Last year, U.S. military officials disclosed that they had assessed that the Chinese military's naval base in the Horn of Africa nation of Djibouti had been expanded in such a way that it could support visits by the country's existing carriers. This facility is China's only overseas naval base to date, though it is at least seeking access to basing options elsewhere, including at Cambodia's Ream Naval Base. The Chinese government is helping to fund the expansion of that base. Cambodian authorities have persistently denied U.S. government claims that the new construction there will be exclusively for use by the PLA.

去年,美国军方官员透露,他们评估说,中国军队在非洲之角国家吉布提的海军基地,已经扩大到可以支持中国现有航母访问的程度。该基地是中国迄今为止唯一的海外海军基地,不过中国至少正在寻求选择其他地方的基地,包括柬埔寨的雷姆海军基地。中国正在资助该基地的扩建。柬埔寨当局一直否认美国政府的说法,即这一新基地将完全由解放军使用。

It is important to note that, even after its launch, the Type 003 is still likely years away from entering full operational service. The move to the CATOBAR concept of operations is a massive one that will take time to perfect. The U.S. military has mostly recently said publicly that it expects the ship to enter service in 2024.

重要的是要注意到,即使在下水后,003型仍然可能需要数年时间才能实现全面作战服务。向弹射航母操作概念的转变是一个巨大的过程,需要时间来完善。美国军方最近曾公开表示,预计该舰将于2024年服役。

At the same time, the launch of the Type 003 carrier, which looks all but certain to come in the very near future, will mark an extremely important step forward in the PLAN's efforts to expand its carrier capabilities and China's growing ability to project military power around the world.

与此同时,003型航母的下水,看起来几乎肯定会在不久的将来到来,将标志着中国海军在努力扩大其航母能力,及中国在世界范围内投射军事力量的能力方面,向前迈出了极其重要的一步。

原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


评论翻译
Shifty Bitwise
Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery I guess.

我觉得模仿是最真诚的恭维。

Typhoon43
If they got EMALS working before us then good on them.

如果他们在我们之前搞定电磁弹射,那他们就厉害了。

ABoyNamedSue
EMALS on the Ford's is working fine now. I'm guessing this thing will be in workups for a very long time.. The chinese have little history of Carrier op's, and none using CATOBAR setups. Put simply, they don't know what they don't know.
They will get it tho, no doubt.. but not today.

福特的电磁弹射现在工作正常。我猜这件事会持续很长一段时间。中国人几乎没有航母作战的历史,也没有使用过弹射型航母。简单地说,他们不知道自己不知道什么。
但毫无疑问,他们会搞定的。但不是今天。

GintaPPE1000
I wouldn't place so much confidence in China's lack of experience. The PLAN is proving they're more than up to the challenge of learning.

我不会对“中国缺乏经验”抱有太大的信心。中国海军正在证明,他们完全可以应对学习的挑战。

As I pointed out in another thread, the Chinese are already adopting a US-like cyclical flight ops model. Nobody taught them that, so they either figured it out through trial-and-error, or watched USN flight ops videos online and learned from that. Either way, they figured that aspect of carrier ops out very quickly.

正如我在另一篇文章中指出的,中国已经采用了类似美国的循环飞行任务模式。没有人教他们这些,所以他们要么通过反复试验找到答案,要么在网上观看美国海军的飞行行动视频并从中学习。不管怎样,他们很快就发现了航母任务的这个方面。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Going to that flight ops model has allowed them to more than double the Russians' record sortie rate. 100 sorties/week is obviously no match for a US carrier group, but compared to most STOVL flattops it's quite respectable, and whereas Kuznetsov could barely surge to 45 sorties/week, the Chinese do 100+ all day, every day off both Liaoning and Shandong.

采用这种飞行作战模式,使得他们的出动次数是俄罗斯记录的两倍多。100架次/周显然不是美国航母编队的对手,但与大多数滑跃型航母相比,它是相当可观的,而库兹涅佐夫几乎不能达到45架次/周,中国每天超过100架次,辽宁舰和山东舰每天都在起飞。

Bob Spidell
My son, serving on a cruiser in the SCS, told me some time ago the Chinese hadn't mastered UNREP. It's been a year or so, so maybe by now ...

我的儿子在南海的一艘巡洋舰上服役,他告诉我中国还没有掌握UNREP(航行中补给)。已经过去一年多了,所以现在可能掌握了……

GintaPPE1000
I can believe they take longer to resupply, but I would chalk that up to complicated logistics rather than lacking UNREP knowledge.

我相信他们需要更长的时间来补给,但我认为这取决于复杂的后勤问题,而不是缺乏UNREP的知识。

The Chinese have more lines to pass over, their auxiliaries are smaller, and they've yet to simplify their logistics to the degree we have.

中国有更多的线路需要越过,他们的辅助部队更小,而且他们还没有将后勤简化到我们这种程度。

Regarding the first point, the PLAN doesn't equip most of their surface combatants with fresh water generation. Nothing below DDG size has it, and even among Chinese DDGs, only Type 052D and later have it since they need cooling water for their main radars. So a fair few ships need to also take aboard fresh water - and make sure it's not contaminated - when they resupply in addition to provisions and fuel. The Z-9's lifting capacity is also weaker than the MH-60S, so more stuff has to come over by line rather than VERTREP.

关于第一点,中国海军没有为大多数水面战舰配备淡水发电设备。任何小于DDG(导弹驱逐舰)的中国舰艇都没有这种装置,甚至在中国的DDG中,只有052D和之后的型号有,因为主雷达需要冷却水。因此,相当多的船只在补给补给物资和燃料时,还需要装载淡水,并确保它没有受到污染。Z-9的载荷能力也比MH-60S弱,所以更多的东西必须通过绳子而不是VERTREP(垂向补给系统)。

On the last point, Chinese ships rigidly enforce the consumption of quite a few different types of fuel: at least 3 types. The Soviet-designed steam plants in Liaoning, Shandong, and some of their older DDs burn bunker fuel, and there is no suggestion the Chinese converted them to burn something lighter. Their diesels and gas turbines consume DFM, and their aircraft burn aviation fuel. Although their diesels and gas turbines should theoretically be able to burn aviation fuel too, the PLAN doesn't seem to do this. Whereas we will have a DDG suckle on a CVN's fuel tanks if they run low, the PLAN will detach an escort to refuel early. Nobody knows why.

最后一点,中国舰艇严格要求消耗几种不同类型的燃料:至少3种。辽宁号、山东号上苏联设计的蒸汽发电机,以及一些较老的驱逐舰使用船用燃料,没有迹象表明中国将它们改装成更轻的燃料。他们的柴油和燃气涡轮机消耗DFM燃料,他们的飞机燃烧航空燃料。虽然他们的柴油和燃气轮机理论上也应该能够燃烧航空燃料,但中国海军似乎并没有这样做。而如果我们的驱逐舰的油箱快用完,我们会从航母上吸油,中国海军则会提前分出一艘护航舰去加油。没有人知道为什么。

Tullzter
Looks relatively small in size when compared to the tankers on the left, maybe not Ford class size, closer to the Charles De Gaule maybe?

与左边的油轮相比,它看起来相对较小,也许不是福特级的尺寸,更接近夏尔·戴高乐号?

Gregg Grina
It's a big ship. 1040 ft. x 242 ft. by google measure. I'd say that's pretty close to a Nimitz class if not the same thing since they stole the plans.

这是一艘大船。谷歌测量的结果是1040英尺长,242英尺宽。我得说它相当接近尼米兹级,甚至一样,因为他们O了后者的方案。

Falstaff816
I wonder how well they can man it, in WW2 Japan built a couple of impressive ships but apparently their crews where... Ummm... Honestly, inept.
Hopefully it'll be the same situation with this one.

我想知道他们要如何为其配备人员,二战期间,日本建造了一些让人印象深刻的舰艇,但很明显他们的船员,嗯,老实说,不称职。
希望该舰的情况也是一样的。

Spursfan10
Japanese carriers in early WW2 were actually much better crewed than ours so...

二战早期,日本航母的船员其实比我们的好得多……
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Falstaff816
ummm....
Kinda long, been a while since I watched it. You might want to play it at 1.5 or 2x.
https://youtu.be/iC6LN3U5ELkhttps://youtu.be/iC6LN3U5ELkYhttps://youtu.be/iC6LN3U5ELk
Go to Video
American and Japanese Damage Control in WW2

嗯,
我看这个视频的时间有点早,视频有点长。你可能要1.5倍或者2倍速看。
“二战期间美国和日本的损伤控制”

Spursfan10
In terms of servicing and reloading planes they were way better. And their pilots were also far superior.

在维修和重新装填飞机方面,他们要好得多。而且他们的飞行员也比我们优秀得多。

jetcal1
She's about the same size as the Kennedy. And given the layout of the flight deck? I'd be curious to see the interior arrangements of the ship above the main deck.

她和肯尼迪号差不多大。考虑到飞行甲板的布局? 我很想看看主甲板上的船体内部布局。

GintaPPE1000
China didn't steal the plans for American supercarriers. Those wouldn't be of use to them when Type 003 is conventional rather than nuclear-powered - the need for boiler exhaust uptakes means the island placement on Nimitz is straight-up impossible unless you want exhaust ducts eating up a huge part of your hangar and lower decks.

中国没有OO美国超级航母的方案。当003型是常规动力而不是核动力的时候,这些就没有用了——因为需要锅炉尾气吸收装置,意味着尼米兹的舰岛布局是完全不可能的,除非你想让尾气管道吞噬掉你的机库和下层甲板的大部分。

The far more likely basis of this design is the canceled Soviet supercarrier Ulyanovsk, considering the Chinese quite literally bought the plans for her off Ukraine after the Cold War.

考虑到中国在冷战后从乌克兰购买了它的方案,这个设计更有可能基于被苏联取消的超级航母乌里扬诺夫斯克号。

bowman
I'm laying a baguette next to the image in an attempt to measure it....

我把一根法棍放在这张图片旁边,想测量一下……

Tullzter
Bring on the pain

引发痛苦。

random2250
it is considerably bigger than the Charles de Gaulle.
The French one displaces 42 500 tonnes.
The type 003 is expected to have a displacement of at least 85 000 tonnes.
For comparison the Forrestal class displaces around 60 000 tonnes, the Kitty Hawk class displaces 83 000 tonnes and Entreprise CVN 65 displaces 93 000 tonnes

它比戴高乐号大得多。
法国那艘的排水量为42500吨。
003型的排水量预计至少85000吨。
作为比较,“福莱斯特”级排水量约为60000吨,“小鹰”级排水量为83000吨,“企业”CVN 65排水量为93000吨。

Tullzter
Ok those are some pretty huge tankers then, expected it to be smaller in size but i see China is going big

好吧,这些油轮都相当大,预计它的尺寸会小一些,但我看到中国正在日益壮大。

GintaPPE1000
Keep in mind that the size of ships has increased dramatically in the past 20 years because big ships are more efficient. Your average supertanker nowadays weighs about 1/3rd to 1/2 a million tons when loaded, whereas such ships were considered world record-holders at the turn of the millennium.

请记住,船舶的尺寸在过去20年里急剧增加,因为大船效率更高。如今,超级油轮装载时的平均重量约为33至50万吨,而这类船只在世纪之交曾被认为是世界纪录保持者。

Clay_T
Or, that's a really big gantry crane.

那个龙门吊可真大。

RC135M
Some carriers

一些航母的图片。

Greyvagabond
I'm confused, I see 11 carriers and one Japanese "Helicopter Destroyer." :D

我很困惑,我看到了11艘航母和一艘日本“直升机驱逐舰”。

1127fctwosw
as soon as they spray the flight deck with SafTrax TH604... it'll be a "carrier"

只要他们用SafTrax TH604喷涂了飞行加班,它就会成为一艘“航母”。

Clay_T
I'm confused, I see 11 carriers and one Japanese "Helicopter Destroyer." :D
A rose by any other name... doesn't violate their terms of surrender.

玫瑰不管叫什么名字……这并没有违反他们的投降条件。

bowman
The most famous American carrier:

最著名的美国航母。

LL65
flattop

平顶。

bowman
Be Respectful when talking about Typhoid Mary!

在谈到伤寒玛丽的时候要保持恭敬!

Robert B. Coambs
ISN'T it obvious? USA must go to a military budget of 5% of GDP. It is 3.8% now, and during the Cold War it was often 10%. This is no time to skimp.

这还不明显吗?美国必须把军事预算提高到GDP的5%。现在是3.8%,二战期间经常是10%。没时间吝啬了。

BBinAwe
Let’s stop the attack on the American currency first. By not spending non-existent money, for example. That would be another way to protect both the military budget and the economy.

我们要首先停止对美国货币的攻击。比如,不要花那些不存在的钱。这将是保护军事预算和经济的另一种方式。

NucFlashEvent
Worthless metric. During the latter half of the Cold War, the US military budget was 4.5% GDP and the USSR's was 50% of their GDP.
Who do you think was actually spending more money?

毫无价值的指标。在冷战后期,美国的军事预算是GDP的4.5%,苏联是GDP的50%。
你觉得谁花的钱更多?

Spursfan10
Sure but the USSR had the superiority of conventional forces in Europe so...

当然,但是苏联在欧洲有常规力量的优势,所以……

Spursfan10
I mean a lot of our allies don't even get close to 3% so this is a hard sell for our public...

我的意思是,我们的很多盟友甚至没有接近3%,所以很难说服我们的公众接受这个数字……

Robert B. Coambs
Well do we want to beat China or not? One thing the Ukraine war teaches us is that it is vital to be ready. Over-match is not easy to do, especially on short notice.

我们到底想不想打败中国? 乌克兰战争教会我们的一件事是,做好准备是至关重要的。过度匹配是不容易做到的,尤其是在短时间内。

Spursfan10
Most Americans care more about inflation and gas prices than China to be perfectly frank...

坦率地说,相比于中国,大多数美国人更关心通货膨胀和天然气价格……

Robert B. Coambs
Yes, and in 1939, the US military had about 3,000 aircraft, mostly old biplanes. It was not easy to get to about 55,000 in 1944. Readiness is important, and a nuked country is not worth much at all. But I don't expect to convince anyone.

是的,在1939年,美国军队有大约3000架飞机,大部分是老式的双翼飞机。1944年达到55000架,这并不容易。做好准备是很重要的,一个拥有核武器的国家根本没有什么价值。但我不指望能说服任何人。

Spursfan10
You have to convince a good amount of people if you want a budget that big...

如果你想要这么大的预算,你必须说服很多人……

ToecutterX
“I mean a lot of our allies don't even get close to 2% so this is a hard sell for our public...”
Fixed that for ya.

纠正一下:“我的意思是,我们的很多盟友甚至没有接近2%,所以很难说服我们的公众接受这个数字……”

ToecutterX
It’ll only promote more waste, I’m afraid.

恐怕这只会造成更多的浪费。

Robert B. Coambs
"Clear and present danger" Germany just doubled their military budget in the last 2 months, because they sense clear and present danger. Americans do not feel that way. Yet.

德国在过去两个月里将他们的军事预算翻倍了,因为他们感觉到了明显而现实的危险。美国人却没有这种感觉。还没有。

ToecutterX
Yeah, look what it took. The wolves at the door. It’s too bad, maybe five years ago, that somebody could have warned them about spending more on defense. They’d be sitting pretty right now. Hmmm

是啊,看看付出了什么代价。狼群在门口。这太糟糕了,也许在五年前,就应该有人警告他们要增加国防开支。他们现在的处境会很好。嗯。

ToecutterX
There’s already too many Generals and Admirals. A lot of fat needs to be cut.

将军和上将已经太多了。需要减很多“肥”。

Falstaff816
Bring Fat Leonard back and let him weed out the chaff ? He slimmed down the Navy Brass a little bit last time.

让胖子莱纳德回来,让他去清理那些渣子? 他上次让海军军官瘦了一点。

Spursfan10
And so it goes...

如此而已……

TripleNickle
I wonder how many subs and other devices will be observing/listening to it on its maiden and shakedown cruises.

我想知道有多少潜艇和其他设备会在它的处女航和试航中观察/监听它。

BBinAwe
They probably stole the plans. Fortunately they didn’t steal the engineers too.

他们可能O走了方案,幸运的是他们没有把发动机也O走。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Robert B. Coambs
Rule # 66: There will always be another war.

规则66:总会有另一场战争。

Frank Walker
We should use the Israeli Space Laser to sink it as it sails out into deep water.

当它航行到深海,我们应该用以色列太空激光把它击沉。

BBinAwe
This article doesn’t appear to say- does anyone know if they have commenced construction on the / a Type 004 carrier?

这篇文章似乎没有说——有人知道他们是否已经开始建造004型航母了吗?

BBinAwe
And it’s going to be interesting to see what kind of smoke this boat puts out when it’s conducting flight operations.

看看这艘船在执行航行任务时会冒出什么样的烟雾会很有趣。

Dazza06
Dont mind me, im still awaiting one video, even a single photo, of the PLAN naval aviation operating of their carriers at night...

别介意我,我还在等一个视频,甚至一张照片,关于中国海军航空兵在夜间操作他们的航母的……

很赞 3
收藏