人类历史上做过的最恐怖的实验有哪些?（二）
正文翻译
What are some of the creepiest experiments ever done in human history?
人类历史上做过的最恐怖的实验有哪些?（二）
What are some of the creepiest experiments ever done in human history?
人类历史上做过的最恐怖的实验有哪些?（二）
评论翻译
约翰逊认为，反复告诉一个孩子自己是“口吃者”，可能会让一个完全健康的孩子患上口吃。
约翰逊的研究招募了22名孤儿。他们被分成两组:口吃者和非口吃者。
11个确实有口吃的孩子被告知他们非常健康;而剩下的11名没有口吃的孩子则被告知，他们需要严格的语言治疗来纠正他们的“口吃”。
Raymond Hmuifoo
Alexis St. Martin was a fur trader who was at the wrong place at the wrong time.
A shotgun had accidentally been shot at him.
Doctor William Beaumont was quickly called to inspect the wound. The shotgun had ripped a hand-sized hole into St. Martin’s stomach.
Beaumont attempted to repair the wound with no success. St. Martin could not eat without the food spilling through the hole in his stomach; he was forced to be fed through anal injections.
That’s when Beaumont's curious mind took over. There was a living stomach for him to experiment on.
亚历克西斯·圣马丁是一个皮草商人，在错误的时间出现在错误的地点。一支霰弹枪意外射中了他。
威廉·博蒙特医生很快被叫来检查伤口。猎枪在圣马丁的肚子上撕开了一个手掌大小的洞。博蒙特试图修补伤口，但没有成功。圣马丁一吃东西，食物就会从他胃里的洞里溢出来;他被迫通过肛门注射进食。
这时博蒙特的好奇心占了上风。有一个活的胃供他做实验。
Alexis St. Martin was a fur trader who was at the wrong place at the wrong time.
A shotgun had accidentally been shot at him.
Doctor William Beaumont was quickly called to inspect the wound. The shotgun had ripped a hand-sized hole into St. Martin’s stomach.
Beaumont attempted to repair the wound with no success. St. Martin could not eat without the food spilling through the hole in his stomach; he was forced to be fed through anal injections.
That’s when Beaumont's curious mind took over. There was a living stomach for him to experiment on.
亚历克西斯·圣马丁是一个皮草商人，在错误的时间出现在错误的地点。一支霰弹枪意外射中了他。
威廉·博蒙特医生很快被叫来检查伤口。猎枪在圣马丁的肚子上撕开了一个手掌大小的洞。博蒙特试图修补伤口，但没有成功。圣马丁一吃东西，食物就会从他胃里的洞里溢出来;他被迫通过肛门注射进食。
这时博蒙特的好奇心占了上风。有一个活的胃供他做实验。
At the time, it was debated whether the stomach digested food mechanically or chemically. Beaumont could find out.
Beaumont began spooning food into St. Martin’s stomach only to dig it out later. Beaumont would dangle meat on a string into the hole and then pull it out to observe.
Beaumont performed more than 200 experiments over the next 10 years on St. Martin. St. Martin chose to go through the experiments because he was very poor, and the money Beaumont gave him was more than he could’ve gotten.
Beaumont was able to determine that food is digested chemically. For this he is known as the "Father of Gastric Physiology".
当时，人们争论的是胃是机械地还是化学地消化食物。博蒙特可以找出答案。
博蒙特开始把食物舀进圣马丁的胃里，随后把它舀出来。博蒙特会用绳子把肉吊入洞里，然后把它拉出来观察。
在接下来的10年里，博蒙特在圣马丁身上进行了200多次实验。圣马丁选择做实验是因为他很穷，博蒙特给他的钱比他能赚到的要多。
博蒙特得以确定食物是通过化学方式消化的。因此，他被称为“胃生理学之父”。
Beaumont began spooning food into St. Martin’s stomach only to dig it out later. Beaumont would dangle meat on a string into the hole and then pull it out to observe.
Beaumont performed more than 200 experiments over the next 10 years on St. Martin. St. Martin chose to go through the experiments because he was very poor, and the money Beaumont gave him was more than he could’ve gotten.
Beaumont was able to determine that food is digested chemically. For this he is known as the "Father of Gastric Physiology".
当时，人们争论的是胃是机械地还是化学地消化食物。博蒙特可以找出答案。
博蒙特开始把食物舀进圣马丁的胃里，随后把它舀出来。博蒙特会用绳子把肉吊入洞里，然后把它拉出来观察。
在接下来的10年里，博蒙特在圣马丁身上进行了200多次实验。圣马丁选择做实验是因为他很穷，博蒙特给他的钱比他能赚到的要多。
博蒙特得以确定食物是通过化学方式消化的。因此，他被称为“胃生理学之父”。
Ed Ortiz
St martin lived that long to last 200 experiments miraculous
所以圣马丁活得足够久，以至于可以做200次实验。奇迹。
St martin lived that long to last 200 experiments miraculous
所以圣马丁活得足够久，以至于可以做200次实验。奇迹。
Raymond Hmuifoo
His immune system was phenomenal. He had an open wound for that long and somehow didn’t die until much later. He actually lived longer than Beaumont and joined a circus.
他的免疫系统非常出色。他的开放性伤口持续了那么久不知怎的直到很久之后才死亡。他实际上比博蒙特活得长，还加入了马戏团。
His immune system was phenomenal. He had an open wound for that long and somehow didn’t die until much later. He actually lived longer than Beaumont and joined a circus.
他的免疫系统非常出色。他的开放性伤口持续了那么久不知怎的直到很久之后才死亡。他实际上比博蒙特活得长，还加入了马戏团。
Chris Bartlett
I guess the money from the experiments probably helped ironicially.
我猜实验的钱可能起到了讽刺的作用。
I guess the money from the experiments probably helped ironicially.
我猜实验的钱可能起到了讽刺的作用。
James Murphy
Certainly better than begging, with all that daily agita.
显然比乞讨好多了，每天都要苦苦哀求。
Certainly better than begging, with all that daily agita.
显然比乞讨好多了，每天都要苦苦哀求。
Zayn Rae
That's why he was bestowed the title of Saint.
这就是他被授予“圣”这一称谓的原因？
That's why he was bestowed the title of Saint.
这就是他被授予“圣”这一称谓的原因？
Gathotkaca Pambudi
He died at 86, 58 years later after he got shot.
中枪58年后去世，享年86岁。
He died at 86, 58 years later after he got shot.
中枪58年后去世，享年86岁。
Daniel Kipp
Ok, this is one creepy experimental I think I can respect. The doctor did try to repair the damage legitimately and failed. The man was given a choice, he was paid. In reality this was far less creepy then those who simply didn’t tell the subjects what was happening to them, or experimented on them without their knowledge.
好吧，这是一个我可以尊重的、令人毛骨悚然的实验。医生确实试图合法地修复损伤，但失败了。
病人可以选择（拒绝），他也得到了报酬。事实上，这远没有那些不告诉受试者发生了什么事，或在受试者不知情的情况下在他们身上做实验的人那么可怕。
Ok, this is one creepy experimental I think I can respect. The doctor did try to repair the damage legitimately and failed. The man was given a choice, he was paid. In reality this was far less creepy then those who simply didn’t tell the subjects what was happening to them, or experimented on them without their knowledge.
好吧，这是一个我可以尊重的、令人毛骨悚然的实验。医生确实试图合法地修复损伤，但失败了。
病人可以选择（拒绝），他也得到了报酬。事实上，这远没有那些不告诉受试者发生了什么事，或在受试者不知情的情况下在他们身上做实验的人那么可怕。
Mark Grinstein-Camacho
This answer doesn’t quite get through just how creepy Beaumont was. St. Martin tried to escape several times.
这个答案并没有完全展示博蒙特有多么令人毛骨悚然。
圣马丁几次试图逃跑。
This answer doesn’t quite get through just how creepy Beaumont was. St. Martin tried to escape several times.
这个答案并没有完全展示博蒙特有多么令人毛骨悚然。
圣马丁几次试图逃跑。
Daniel Kipp
dang, most upvoted reply I ever had, now I’m tempted to dexe it.
该死，这是我有史以来得到点赞最多的答复。
但看了你的留言，我已经想删掉它了。
dang, most upvoted reply I ever had, now I’m tempted to dexe it.
该死，这是我有史以来得到点赞最多的答复。
但看了你的留言，我已经想删掉它了。
Jenna Vander
How in the world did he live that long with an opened wound in his abdomen and stomach?!?
他的腹部和胃部有一个开放的伤口，他到底是怎么活这么久的?!?
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
How in the world did he live that long with an opened wound in his abdomen and stomach?!?
他的腹部和胃部有一个开放的伤口，他到底是怎么活这么久的?!?
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Eric Olivencia
I think what she’s asking - because I had the exact same thought - is how infection didn’t kill this man. This is clearly set a few hundred years ago, given the painting and the vocation ‘fur trader’. People died from infection from wounds or common surgeries all the time back then, let alone from having their stomach ripped open by a shotgun and living with a gaping wound the rest of your life. I think Beaumont should be called the “Father of Modern Sterilization”.
我也有同样的想法，为什么感染没有杀死这个人。从这幅画和“皮草商人”这个职业来看，这显然是几百年前的事了。那时，人们总是死于伤口感染或普通手术
更不用说让他们的肚子被霰弹枪撕开然后带着巨大的伤口度过余生了。我认为博蒙特应该被称为“现代杀菌之父”。
I think what she’s asking - because I had the exact same thought - is how infection didn’t kill this man. This is clearly set a few hundred years ago, given the painting and the vocation ‘fur trader’. People died from infection from wounds or common surgeries all the time back then, let alone from having their stomach ripped open by a shotgun and living with a gaping wound the rest of your life. I think Beaumont should be called the “Father of Modern Sterilization”.
我也有同样的想法，为什么感染没有杀死这个人。从这幅画和“皮草商人”这个职业来看，这显然是几百年前的事了。那时，人们总是死于伤口感染或普通手术
更不用说让他们的肚子被霰弹枪撕开然后带着巨大的伤口度过余生了。我认为博蒙特应该被称为“现代杀菌之父”。
Daniel Kipp
from what I know from my A&P classes the job of the stomach is to BREAK DOWN the materials. DIGESTION (transfering the food into the body) takes place in the intestine.
从我在A&P课程上学到的知识来看，胃的工作是分解食物。消化(把食物转移到体内)发生在肠道中。
from what I know from my A&P classes the job of the stomach is to BREAK DOWN the materials. DIGESTION (transfering the food into the body) takes place in the intestine.
从我在A&P课程上学到的知识来看，胃的工作是分解食物。消化(把食物转移到体内)发生在肠道中。
Aileen Olsen Hampton
You're not remembering quite right. Digestion is breaking the food down. It happens in the stomach and in the upper small intestine. Absorption is the uptake of nutrients into the body, and it occurs in the small intestine.The large intestine reabsorbs water and forms the stool.
你记得不够准确。消化就是把食物分解，它发生在胃和小肠上部。吸收是指将营养物质吸收到体内，它发生在小肠里。大肠重新吸收水分，形成大便。
You're not remembering quite right. Digestion is breaking the food down. It happens in the stomach and in the upper small intestine. Absorption is the uptake of nutrients into the body, and it occurs in the small intestine.The large intestine reabsorbs water and forms the stool.
你记得不够准确。消化就是把食物分解，它发生在胃和小肠上部。吸收是指将营养物质吸收到体内，它发生在小肠里。大肠重新吸收水分，形成大便。
Rob Bruins Slot
He survived for 10 years! Back then? Guess Mr. Scientist had a petty good view on hygiene and infection as well.
As an afterthought, it might be beneficial to the answer to add he was shot in 1822.
受伤后，他又活了10年！看来这位科学家先生对卫生和感染的看法也不错。
事后回想一下，补充一句他是在1822年被枪击的，也许会对这篇答复有所帮助。
He survived for 10 years! Back then? Guess Mr. Scientist had a petty good view on hygiene and infection as well.
As an afterthought, it might be beneficial to the answer to add he was shot in 1822.
受伤后，他又活了10年！看来这位科学家先生对卫生和感染的看法也不错。
事后回想一下，补充一句他是在1822年被枪击的，也许会对这篇答复有所帮助。
Richard Maples
It occurred on Mackinac Island in Lake Huron. There is a museum there which depicts the experiments which Beaumont performed. I believe St. Martin outlived Beaumont by twenty years.
事故发生在休伦湖的麦基诺岛上。那里有一座博物馆，展示博蒙特所做的实验。我相信圣马丁比博蒙特多活了二十年。
It occurred on Mackinac Island in Lake Huron. There is a museum there which depicts the experiments which Beaumont performed. I believe St. Martin outlived Beaumont by twenty years.
事故发生在休伦湖的麦基诺岛上。那里有一座博物馆，展示博蒙特所做的实验。我相信圣马丁比博蒙特多活了二十年。
Adrian Lee
Clearly, the secret to living twenty more years is to be shot in the stomach!
显然，多活二十年的秘诀就是挨枪子儿!
Clearly, the secret to living twenty more years is to be shot in the stomach!
显然，多活二十年的秘诀就是挨枪子儿!
Nilaksh Singh
Or is it to not eat food through mouth ?
或者，不通过嘴吃东西？
Or is it to not eat food through mouth ?
或者，不通过嘴吃东西？
Matthew Wong
It is amazing he survived that long. One would think the acid spilling out would cause significant distress to the rest of his system, and no less not getting food the normal route would be suboptimal.
他能活这么久真是太神奇了。有人会认为，溢出来的酸会对他的其他系统造成严重的损害，更不用说无法从正常通道获得食物了。
It is amazing he survived that long. One would think the acid spilling out would cause significant distress to the rest of his system, and no less not getting food the normal route would be suboptimal.
他能活这么久真是太神奇了。有人会认为，溢出来的酸会对他的其他系统造成严重的损害，更不用说无法从正常通道获得食物了。
Alex Gossland
I wasn’t aware that this was something I needed to know . . . and, “ No, thank you, Dear, I don’t think I’ll have any dinner tonight. “
我不知道这是我需要知道的事情。
“不，谢谢你，亲爱的，我想我今晚不吃晚饭了。””
I wasn’t aware that this was something I needed to know . . . and, “ No, thank you, Dear, I don’t think I’ll have any dinner tonight. “
我不知道这是我需要知道的事情。
“不，谢谢你，亲爱的，我想我今晚不吃晚饭了。””
Edward Hall
The ‘Monster Study’ was a psychological experiment conducted by Dr. Wendell Johnson and Mary Tudor on 22 orphan children in 1939.Amidst the study’s extremely low ethical standards, its results were never published, for Johnson feared that it would be likened to numerous experiments carried out by the Nazi regime.
Dr. Johnson believed that repeatedly telling a child they were ‘a stutterer’ had the potential to give a completely healthy child a stutter. [1]
22 young orphan children were recruited to partake in Johnson’s study. They were split into two groups: stutterers and non-stutterers.
The 11 children who actually did have a stutter were told that they were perfectly healthy; whereas the remaining 11, who were stutter-free, were told that they needed severe speech therapy to correct their ‘stuttering’.
“怪物研究”是温德尔·约翰逊博士和玛丽·都铎在1939年对22名孤儿进行的一项心理实验。
由于这项研究的道德标准极低，其结果从未发表，因为约翰逊担心它会被比作纳粹政权进行的众多实验。
The ‘Monster Study’ was a psychological experiment conducted by Dr. Wendell Johnson and Mary Tudor on 22 orphan children in 1939.Amidst the study’s extremely low ethical standards, its results were never published, for Johnson feared that it would be likened to numerous experiments carried out by the Nazi regime.
Dr. Johnson believed that repeatedly telling a child they were ‘a stutterer’ had the potential to give a completely healthy child a stutter. [1]
22 young orphan children were recruited to partake in Johnson’s study. They were split into two groups: stutterers and non-stutterers.
The 11 children who actually did have a stutter were told that they were perfectly healthy; whereas the remaining 11, who were stutter-free, were told that they needed severe speech therapy to correct their ‘stuttering’.
“怪物研究”是温德尔·约翰逊博士和玛丽·都铎在1939年对22名孤儿进行的一项心理实验。
由于这项研究的道德标准极低，其结果从未发表，因为约翰逊担心它会被比作纳粹政权进行的众多实验。
约翰逊认为，反复告诉一个孩子自己是“口吃者”，可能会让一个完全健康的孩子患上口吃。
约翰逊的研究招募了22名孤儿。他们被分成两组:口吃者和非口吃者。
11个确实有口吃的孩子被告知他们非常健康;而剩下的11名没有口吃的孩子则被告知，他们需要严格的语言治疗来纠正他们的“口吃”。
Quite horrifically, Johnson was trying to induce stuttering into otherwise healthy children.
The stutter-free children were, in part, told:
"The staff has come to the conclusion that you have a great deal of trouble with your speech… You must try to stop yourself immediately… Don't ever speak unless you can do it right.”
And the stuttering children were told:
"Pay no attention to what others say about your speaking ability, for undoubtedly they do not realise that this is only a phase." [2]
In short: one half of the children were given positive speech therapy, and the other half were belittled and punished for every small error they made.
非常可怕的是，约翰逊试图诱导健康的儿童发生口吃。在某种程度上，没有口吃的孩子被告知:
“工作人员得出的结论是，你的讲话有很大的问题……你必须立即试着阻止自己……除非你能说对，否则永远不要说话。”
然后告诉口吃的孩子:
“不要在意别人对你口语能力的评价，因为他们肯定没有意识到这只是一个阶段。”
简而言之：一半的孩子接受了积极的言语治疗，另一半则因为他们犯的每一个小错误而受到轻视和惩罚。
The stutter-free children were, in part, told:
"The staff has come to the conclusion that you have a great deal of trouble with your speech… You must try to stop yourself immediately… Don't ever speak unless you can do it right.”
And the stuttering children were told:
"Pay no attention to what others say about your speaking ability, for undoubtedly they do not realise that this is only a phase." [2]
In short: one half of the children were given positive speech therapy, and the other half were belittled and punished for every small error they made.
非常可怕的是，约翰逊试图诱导健康的儿童发生口吃。在某种程度上，没有口吃的孩子被告知:
“工作人员得出的结论是，你的讲话有很大的问题……你必须立即试着阻止自己……除非你能说对，否则永远不要说话。”
然后告诉口吃的孩子:
“不要在意别人对你口语能力的评价，因为他们肯定没有意识到这只是一个阶段。”
简而言之：一半的孩子接受了积极的言语治疗，另一半则因为他们犯的每一个小错误而受到轻视和惩罚。
What about the results?
Of six healthy children exposed to the negative speech therapy, five developed a stutter after six months of ‘treatment’.
Upon realising the damage his experiment had caused, Johnson tried desperately to undo his work… but to no avail. Children in the negative therapy group never escaped their problems, carrying to adulthood symptoms of depression and a severe lack of confidence (especially when talking). [3]
In 2007, seven of the original orphan children were awarded 1.2 million dollars in compensation for the emotional trauma caused by Johnson’s experiment.
And it’s for this reason that the ‘Monster Study’ is still considered one of the most twisted experiments of all western culture—its blatant manipulation of the human condition was certainly not within the ethical boundaries of any respected scientific study.
结果?
在接受消极言语疗法的6名健康儿童中，有5名在“治疗”6个月后出现了口吃。
当约翰逊意识到他的实验造成的损害时，他拼命地试图撤销他的工作，但无济于事。消极治疗组的孩子从来没有走出过这件事的阴影，直到成年都有抑郁的症状和严重缺乏自信(尤其是在说话时)。
2007年，七名孤儿因约翰逊的实验造成的情感创伤获得了120万美元的赔偿金。
也正是因为这个原因，“怪物研究”仍然被认为是所有西方文化中最扭曲的实验之一，它对人类状况的公然操纵肯定不在任何受人尊敬的科学研究的伦理界限之内。
参考链接略。
Of six healthy children exposed to the negative speech therapy, five developed a stutter after six months of ‘treatment’.
Upon realising the damage his experiment had caused, Johnson tried desperately to undo his work… but to no avail. Children in the negative therapy group never escaped their problems, carrying to adulthood symptoms of depression and a severe lack of confidence (especially when talking). [3]
In 2007, seven of the original orphan children were awarded 1.2 million dollars in compensation for the emotional trauma caused by Johnson’s experiment.
And it’s for this reason that the ‘Monster Study’ is still considered one of the most twisted experiments of all western culture—its blatant manipulation of the human condition was certainly not within the ethical boundaries of any respected scientific study.
结果?
在接受消极言语疗法的6名健康儿童中，有5名在“治疗”6个月后出现了口吃。
当约翰逊意识到他的实验造成的损害时，他拼命地试图撤销他的工作，但无济于事。消极治疗组的孩子从来没有走出过这件事的阴影，直到成年都有抑郁的症状和严重缺乏自信(尤其是在说话时)。
2007年，七名孤儿因约翰逊的实验造成的情感创伤获得了120万美元的赔偿金。
也正是因为这个原因，“怪物研究”仍然被认为是所有西方文化中最扭曲的实验之一，它对人类状况的公然操纵肯定不在任何受人尊敬的科学研究的伦理界限之内。
参考链接略。
Sudarshan Muraleedharan
What about the ones who got positive speech therapy? Did they stop stuttering?
那些接受积极言语障碍治疗的人呢?他们不再口吃了吗?
What about the ones who got positive speech therapy? Did they stop stuttering?
那些接受积极言语障碍治疗的人呢?他们不再口吃了吗?
Edward Hall
Only one of them showed signs of worse stuttering; the rest showed great improvement.
其中只有一人出现了更严重的口吃迹象，其余的表现出了很大的进步。
Only one of them showed signs of worse stuttering; the rest showed great improvement.
其中只有一人出现了更严重的口吃迹象，其余的表现出了很大的进步。
Markus Simmet
So at least one thing got out of it that was good. Stuttering kids need affirmations and it might lix a lack of confidence to stuttering although this is absolutely not true in all cases. And the first part should be clear to everyone with a shred of empathy
所以至少有一件好事。
口吃的孩子需要得到肯定，这可能会把缺乏自信和口吃联系起来，尽管这绝对不是对所有情况都正确。
第一部分对每个人来说都应该是清楚的，只要有一点点同理心。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
So at least one thing got out of it that was good. Stuttering kids need affirmations and it might lix a lack of confidence to stuttering although this is absolutely not true in all cases. And the first part should be clear to everyone with a shred of empathy
所以至少有一件好事。
口吃的孩子需要得到肯定，这可能会把缺乏自信和口吃联系起来，尽管这绝对不是对所有情况都正确。
第一部分对每个人来说都应该是清楚的，只要有一点点同理心。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Jennifer M Bailey
I believe they already knew that based on experience with simply kids who stuttered. Else why wouldn’t they have a group of stutterers given the same harsh treatment as the non-stuttering children. They knew what would help, and tried to do what they knew harmed. (My mother had a Masters in speech pathology and a BA in Psych. I studied Psychand History. She has dementia and our conversation when I encountered this in my classes was long ago but she addressed it as something already taught as unforgivable in the 1970s)
我相信他们已经知道了这一点，这仅仅是基于对口吃儿童的经验。否则，为什么他们不让一组口吃儿童和非口吃儿童受到同样严厉的对待呢?他们知道什么会有帮助，并试图做他们知道会有伤害的事情。
我母亲有语言病理学硕士学位和心理学学士学位。 我学的是心理和历史。她患有痴呆症，在我在课堂上遇到这个案例后，我们进行了一场长谈，尽管是很久以前的事了，她说，这在20世纪70年代就被教导为不可原谅的事情。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I believe they already knew that based on experience with simply kids who stuttered. Else why wouldn’t they have a group of stutterers given the same harsh treatment as the non-stuttering children. They knew what would help, and tried to do what they knew harmed. (My mother had a Masters in speech pathology and a BA in Psych. I studied Psychand History. She has dementia and our conversation when I encountered this in my classes was long ago but she addressed it as something already taught as unforgivable in the 1970s)
我相信他们已经知道了这一点，这仅仅是基于对口吃儿童的经验。否则，为什么他们不让一组口吃儿童和非口吃儿童受到同样严厉的对待呢?他们知道什么会有帮助，并试图做他们知道会有伤害的事情。
我母亲有语言病理学硕士学位和心理学学士学位。 我学的是心理和历史。她患有痴呆症，在我在课堂上遇到这个案例后，我们进行了一场长谈，尽管是很久以前的事了，她说，这在20世纪70年代就被教导为不可原谅的事情。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Henry Hunter
Frankly, it seems that some of the most insightful pieces of knowledge we have ever gained as a species comes from the most unethical experiments.
坦白地说，我们作为一个物种所获得的一些最深刻的知识似乎来自最不道德的实验。
Frankly, it seems that some of the most insightful pieces of knowledge we have ever gained as a species comes from the most unethical experiments.
坦白地说，我们作为一个物种所获得的一些最深刻的知识似乎来自最不道德的实验。
Pascal Morimacil
Only because we completely refuse to look at society.
We can have a society with depression rate that are through the roof, where people come from other countries and get depressed, where people from various ethnicity are affected and we act like it doesn’t exist, we look into genetics to see if that might be it, we give them pills, we purposefully look everywhere except right under our noses.
And then in 50 years, someone will come along and prove that depression can be induced by the environment, and everyone will be like: “Oh how surprising! Who would have thought?”
And we will ignore it for another 50 years or so.
那只是因为我们完全拒绝正视社会。
我们可以有一个抑郁症发病率极高的社会，来自其他国家的人会得抑郁症，不同种族的人都受到影响，而我们却表现得好像抑郁症不存在一样，我们研究基因，看看是否可能是这样，我们给他们吃药，我们有意地观察所有地方，除了鼻子底下。
50年后，有人会出现，证明抑郁可以由环境诱发，每个人都会说:“哦，太令人惊讶了!谁能想到呢?”
然后我们将在未来50年左右的时间里忽视它。
Only because we completely refuse to look at society.
We can have a society with depression rate that are through the roof, where people come from other countries and get depressed, where people from various ethnicity are affected and we act like it doesn’t exist, we look into genetics to see if that might be it, we give them pills, we purposefully look everywhere except right under our noses.
And then in 50 years, someone will come along and prove that depression can be induced by the environment, and everyone will be like: “Oh how surprising! Who would have thought?”
And we will ignore it for another 50 years or so.
那只是因为我们完全拒绝正视社会。
我们可以有一个抑郁症发病率极高的社会，来自其他国家的人会得抑郁症，不同种族的人都受到影响，而我们却表现得好像抑郁症不存在一样，我们研究基因，看看是否可能是这样，我们给他们吃药，我们有意地观察所有地方，除了鼻子底下。
50年后，有人会出现，证明抑郁可以由环境诱发，每个人都会说:“哦，太令人惊讶了!谁能想到呢?”
然后我们将在未来50年左右的时间里忽视它。
Ed Remmell
well, yeah, depression is a mix of environment and genetics … but the competitive nature of capitalism and the materialistic society is definitely not the healthiest environment in this sense
是的，抑郁症是环境和基因的混合，但资本主义和物质社会的竞争本质在这个意义上绝对不是最健康的环境。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
well, yeah, depression is a mix of environment and genetics … but the competitive nature of capitalism and the materialistic society is definitely not the healthiest environment in this sense
是的，抑郁症是环境和基因的混合，但资本主义和物质社会的竞争本质在这个意义上绝对不是最健康的环境。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Norton Karp
“Amidst the study’s extremely low ethical standards, its results were never published”
Even though the results were never released, We can still see a very important lesson from it.
Positive reinforcement works as a teaching aid. No matter what it’s in reference to. Whether it’s mental agility like mathematics, chemistry or art. Or if it’s a physical ability like speech, music or sports. Negative reinforcement does not make a child a better student, or a better human being in any respect.
Negative reinforcement is what a pedant pedagogue does when they don’t know what to do. In other words, they’re a bad teacher. Someone who isn’t qualified to be an instructor to anyone. Especially children!
“由于这项研究的道德标准极低，其结果从未发表过。”
尽管研究结果从未公布，但我们仍然可以从中看到一个非常重要的教训。
正强化是一种教学辅助。不管它指的是什么。无论是像数学、化学或艺术这样需要思维敏捷的领域，或者一种身体能力，比如演讲、音乐或运动。
而负强化不会让孩子成为更好的学生，也不会让他们在任何方面成为更好的人。
负强化是迂腐的教员，在不知道该做什么的时候会做的事。换句话说，他们不是好老师。一个没有资格成为任何人的教练的人。尤其是儿童!
“Amidst the study’s extremely low ethical standards, its results were never published”
Even though the results were never released, We can still see a very important lesson from it.
Positive reinforcement works as a teaching aid. No matter what it’s in reference to. Whether it’s mental agility like mathematics, chemistry or art. Or if it’s a physical ability like speech, music or sports. Negative reinforcement does not make a child a better student, or a better human being in any respect.
Negative reinforcement is what a pedant pedagogue does when they don’t know what to do. In other words, they’re a bad teacher. Someone who isn’t qualified to be an instructor to anyone. Especially children!
“由于这项研究的道德标准极低，其结果从未发表过。”
尽管研究结果从未公布，但我们仍然可以从中看到一个非常重要的教训。
正强化是一种教学辅助。不管它指的是什么。无论是像数学、化学或艺术这样需要思维敏捷的领域，或者一种身体能力，比如演讲、音乐或运动。
而负强化不会让孩子成为更好的学生，也不会让他们在任何方面成为更好的人。
负强化是迂腐的教员，在不知道该做什么的时候会做的事。换句话说，他们不是好老师。一个没有资格成为任何人的教练的人。尤其是儿童!
George Huestis
Actually, if we take this study at face value (I don’t), negative reinforcement worked quite well. Correct speech was negatively reinforced and there was a 83% success rate in generating the “desired behavior” in the negatively reinforced student.
For your takeaway to be supported by the study, the students who entered the study with stutters would have needed to see them disappear at a rate greater than 83%. No data on that is available, that I’m aware of.
Fortunately, the methodology was garbage anyway, so what I take away from the whole thing is “allowing scientists to abuse children is usually not productive.”
事实上，如果我们只看这个研究的表面价值(我不这么认为)，负强化的效果相当不错。正确的言语被负强化，在负强化的学生中会产生“期望行为”的成功率为83%。
为了让你的观点得到这项研究的支持，参加研究的口吃学生需要看到口吃消失的比例超过83%。但据我所知，没有这方面的数据。
幸运的是，这种方法无论如何都是垃圾，所以我从整个事情中得到的是“允许科学家虐待儿童通常是没有道理的。”
Actually, if we take this study at face value (I don’t), negative reinforcement worked quite well. Correct speech was negatively reinforced and there was a 83% success rate in generating the “desired behavior” in the negatively reinforced student.
For your takeaway to be supported by the study, the students who entered the study with stutters would have needed to see them disappear at a rate greater than 83%. No data on that is available, that I’m aware of.
Fortunately, the methodology was garbage anyway, so what I take away from the whole thing is “allowing scientists to abuse children is usually not productive.”
事实上，如果我们只看这个研究的表面价值(我不这么认为)，负强化的效果相当不错。正确的言语被负强化，在负强化的学生中会产生“期望行为”的成功率为83%。
为了让你的观点得到这项研究的支持，参加研究的口吃学生需要看到口吃消失的比例超过83%。但据我所知，没有这方面的数据。
幸运的是，这种方法无论如何都是垃圾，所以我从整个事情中得到的是“允许科学家虐待儿童通常是没有道理的。”
Israel Ramirez
We don't know if the study was done competently, so I wouldn't draw any conclusions from it. Given that the authors were ethically challenged, they might also not have known how to do research correctly.
我们不知道这项研究是否到位，所以我不会从中得出任何结论。考虑到作者在道德上受到挑战，他们可能也不知道如何正确地进行研究。
We don't know if the study was done competently, so I wouldn't draw any conclusions from it. Given that the authors were ethically challenged, they might also not have known how to do research correctly.
我们不知道这项研究是否到位，所以我不会从中得出任何结论。考虑到作者在道德上受到挑战，他们可能也不知道如何正确地进行研究。
Diarmuid O'Sullivan
Unfortunately, it actually showed the opposite.
Positive reinforcement did not help the stuttering. Their speech actually devolved. It also harmed the speech of non-stuttering children.
Negative reinforcement caused the speech of the healthy children to improve, but they developed all of the psychological tics of stutterers. I wasn't able to find it's impact on the stutterers, but given the time period I would assume they were used tonsuch treatment.
So, negative reinforcement worked to improve the speech, but had a negative psychological impact. Positive reinforcement harmed the speech and had negligible psychological impact.
Also, the results were released. They were just buried.
不幸的是，结果恰恰相反。
正强化对口吃没有帮助。他们的语言实际上退化了。它还损害了非口吃儿童的语言能力。
负强化使健康儿童的语言能力得到改善，但他们发展出了口吃的所有心理症状。我没有发现它对造成口吃的影响，但考虑到时间因素，我可以假设它们被用于这种治疗。
所以，负强化的确能提高语言能力，但也会产生负面的心理影响。正强化会损害语言，对心理的影响微乎其微。
同时，结果也被公布了，只是它们被隐藏了。
Unfortunately, it actually showed the opposite.
Positive reinforcement did not help the stuttering. Their speech actually devolved. It also harmed the speech of non-stuttering children.
Negative reinforcement caused the speech of the healthy children to improve, but they developed all of the psychological tics of stutterers. I wasn't able to find it's impact on the stutterers, but given the time period I would assume they were used tonsuch treatment.
So, negative reinforcement worked to improve the speech, but had a negative psychological impact. Positive reinforcement harmed the speech and had negligible psychological impact.
Also, the results were released. They were just buried.
不幸的是，结果恰恰相反。
正强化对口吃没有帮助。他们的语言实际上退化了。它还损害了非口吃儿童的语言能力。
负强化使健康儿童的语言能力得到改善，但他们发展出了口吃的所有心理症状。我没有发现它对造成口吃的影响，但考虑到时间因素，我可以假设它们被用于这种治疗。
所以，负强化的确能提高语言能力，但也会产生负面的心理影响。正强化会损害语言，对心理的影响微乎其微。
同时，结果也被公布了，只是它们被隐藏了。
Dan Birchfield
I was a Psychology major in college, and I had never heard of this experiment until now. I have to say that I am feeling sick and rather nauseated. This is utterly horrific and incomprehensible. Hitler would be proud of this unspeakable evil inflicted upon innocent children. God help us.
我大学时学的是心理学专业，直到现在我才听说过这个实验。
我得说我觉得不舒服，而且很想吐。这是非常可怕和不可理解的。希特勒会为这种强加在无辜儿童身上的难以言喻的罪恶感到骄傲的。
上帝帮助我们吧。
I was a Psychology major in college, and I had never heard of this experiment until now. I have to say that I am feeling sick and rather nauseated. This is utterly horrific and incomprehensible. Hitler would be proud of this unspeakable evil inflicted upon innocent children. God help us.
我大学时学的是心理学专业，直到现在我才听说过这个实验。
我得说我觉得不舒服，而且很想吐。这是非常可怕和不可理解的。希特勒会为这种强加在无辜儿童身上的难以言喻的罪恶感到骄傲的。
上帝帮助我们吧。
Lili Kamath
In Canada, around the same time, at a northern reserve called Norway House, Indigenous children were used as guinea pigs in an experiment to study the effects of calorie-reduced diets on differing age groups. The diets, in some groups, were reduced to almost a quarter of the required caloric intake. In other words, the Canadian government deliberately starved little children just for a scientific experiment. Infamy to equal Hitler's!!
在加拿大，大约同一时期，在一个名为“挪威之家”的北部保护区，在一项研究低热量饮食对不同年龄组的影响的实验中，土著儿童被用作小白鼠。
在一些小组中，饮食被减少到所需热量摄入量的近四分之一。换句话说，加拿大政府故意让小孩子挨饿，只是为了进行科学实验。堪比希特勒的耻辱！
In Canada, around the same time, at a northern reserve called Norway House, Indigenous children were used as guinea pigs in an experiment to study the effects of calorie-reduced diets on differing age groups. The diets, in some groups, were reduced to almost a quarter of the required caloric intake. In other words, the Canadian government deliberately starved little children just for a scientific experiment. Infamy to equal Hitler's!!
在加拿大，大约同一时期，在一个名为“挪威之家”的北部保护区，在一项研究低热量饮食对不同年龄组的影响的实验中，土著儿童被用作小白鼠。
在一些小组中，饮食被减少到所需热量摄入量的近四分之一。换句话说，加拿大政府故意让小孩子挨饿，只是为了进行科学实验。堪比希特勒的耻辱！
Alperen Doğukan
We all hate Hitler for what he did to millions but what evidence you have that Hitler would love to see these healthy children traumatised for life? OP said nothing related to race. Should we blame Hitler for all evil in the world? For all we know Hitler was animal friendly and enjoyed being around children unless they are Jewish
我们都痛恨希特勒对数百万人所做的事，但你有什么证据表明希特勒愿意看到这些健康的孩子受到终生的创伤呢？
OP没有说任何与种族有关的话。我们应该把世界上所有的邪恶都归咎于希特勒吗?据我们所知，希特勒对动物很友好，喜欢和孩子们在一起，除非他们是犹太人。
We all hate Hitler for what he did to millions but what evidence you have that Hitler would love to see these healthy children traumatised for life? OP said nothing related to race. Should we blame Hitler for all evil in the world? For all we know Hitler was animal friendly and enjoyed being around children unless they are Jewish
我们都痛恨希特勒对数百万人所做的事，但你有什么证据表明希特勒愿意看到这些健康的孩子受到终生的创伤呢？
OP没有说任何与种族有关的话。我们应该把世界上所有的邪恶都归咎于希特勒吗?据我们所知，希特勒对动物很友好，喜欢和孩子们在一起，除非他们是犹太人。
Jay Bazzinotti
what did they hope to gain from knowing this? How would it improve anything if they were successful.
他们希望从这些信息中得到什么?如果他们成功了，会有什么改善呢?
what did they hope to gain from knowing this? How would it improve anything if they were successful.
他们希望从这些信息中得到什么?如果他们成功了，会有什么改善呢?
Manny
They must’ve been interested in learning about conditioning and how the environment affects development. I’m not sure how the researchers could improve anything, but it serves as an important lesson - negative reinforcement doesn’t change the targeted behavior.
他们一定对学习条件作用以及环境如何影响发育很感兴趣。
我不确定研究人员如何能改善任何事情，但这是一个重要的教训，负强化不会改变目标行为。
They must’ve been interested in learning about conditioning and how the environment affects development. I’m not sure how the researchers could improve anything, but it serves as an important lesson - negative reinforcement doesn’t change the targeted behavior.
他们一定对学习条件作用以及环境如何影响发育很感兴趣。
我不确定研究人员如何能改善任何事情，但这是一个重要的教训，负强化不会改变目标行为。
Michael Cheng
It’s a terrible study, but the results are valuable to parents like me who are bombarded with overzealous speech therapists trying to “correct” otherwise normal halting speech in 7 year olds.
这是一项糟糕的研究，但研究结果对像我这样的父母很有价值，他们被过分热心的语言治疗师轰炸，试图“纠正”7岁正常孩子的“口吃”。
It’s a terrible study, but the results are valuable to parents like me who are bombarded with overzealous speech therapists trying to “correct” otherwise normal halting speech in 7 year olds.
这是一项糟糕的研究，但研究结果对像我这样的父母很有价值，他们被过分热心的语言治疗师轰炸，试图“纠正”7岁正常孩子的“口吃”。
Khaled Hussein
Narcissists do this a lot. They were was this girl who could sing very beautifully who was about to go on stage and a narcissistic woman stopped her and told her she couldn’t sing well. The girl spent most of her life never singing out loud when people were around her. It’s was only in her 60s when her daughter caught her singing that her singing talent was acknowledged. I don’t know how it works but the narcissists timing of casting doubt right before someone goes on stage to perform or make a lecture is what makes this technique effective.
自恋者经常这样做。
有一个唱得很好听的女孩正要上台，一个自恋的女人拦住了她，说她唱得不好。所以后来当有人在她身边的时候，这个女孩几乎从来没有大声唱歌过。直到她60多岁的时候，女儿发现她在唱歌，她的歌唱才被承认。我不知道它是怎么起作用的，但自恋者在某人上台表演或演讲之前提出怀疑的时机是这种技巧（消极言语）有效的原因。
Narcissists do this a lot. They were was this girl who could sing very beautifully who was about to go on stage and a narcissistic woman stopped her and told her she couldn’t sing well. The girl spent most of her life never singing out loud when people were around her. It’s was only in her 60s when her daughter caught her singing that her singing talent was acknowledged. I don’t know how it works but the narcissists timing of casting doubt right before someone goes on stage to perform or make a lecture is what makes this technique effective.
自恋者经常这样做。
有一个唱得很好听的女孩正要上台，一个自恋的女人拦住了她，说她唱得不好。所以后来当有人在她身边的时候，这个女孩几乎从来没有大声唱歌过。直到她60多岁的时候，女儿发现她在唱歌，她的歌唱才被承认。我不知道它是怎么起作用的，但自恋者在某人上台表演或演讲之前提出怀疑的时机是这种技巧（消极言语）有效的原因。
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