普通的中国学生是否比普通的美国学生更聪明？
正文翻译
普通的中国大陆学生是否比普通的美国学生更聪明、更有能力？
普通的中国大陆学生是否比普通的美国学生更聪明、更有能力？
评论翻译
Doug Garnett
Parent, businessman, ad exec, 15 yrs PSU-SBA, Member - Oregon Save Our Schools，Lives in Portland, OR1989–present
Chinese students do not perform better than US students.
Rather, they get higher test scores. But they always have. The US has been middle of the pack in international testing since the 1960s. But guess what? It doesn't reflect performance.
The U.S. has been economically dominant throughout that time. And remains so. At this point in time, the Chinese GDP per capita is around $10,000. The U.S. GDP per capita is around $50,000. Both are rising.
中国学生的表现并不比美国学生好。
相反，他们只是考试成绩更高，但他们一直都是这样。自20世纪60年代以来，美国在国际测试中一直处于中间位置。但你猜怎么着？这并不能反映他们的表现。
在此期间，美国一直在经济上占据主导地位，现在仍然如此。中国的人均GDP约为10000美元，而美国的人均GDP大约为50000美元，两者都在上升。
Parent, businessman, ad exec, 15 yrs PSU-SBA, Member - Oregon Save Our Schools，Lives in Portland, OR1989–present
Chinese students do not perform better than US students.
Rather, they get higher test scores. But they always have. The US has been middle of the pack in international testing since the 1960s. But guess what? It doesn't reflect performance.
The U.S. has been economically dominant throughout that time. And remains so. At this point in time, the Chinese GDP per capita is around $10,000. The U.S. GDP per capita is around $50,000. Both are rising.
中国学生的表现并不比美国学生好。
相反，他们只是考试成绩更高，但他们一直都是这样。自20世纪60年代以来，美国在国际测试中一直处于中间位置。但你猜怎么着？这并不能反映他们的表现。
在此期间，美国一直在经济上占据主导地位，现在仍然如此。中国的人均GDP约为10000美元，而美国的人均GDP大约为50000美元，两者都在上升。
The perception of Chinese economic might comes because they are such a huge country. But the GDP numbers show that they are still highly inefficient economically (although I think there is progress). Both economies continue to grow. But China’s growth is not on a steep curve.
So from what I read and have experienced… Chinese factories are excellent and were built more recently or reinvested more recently than US.
人们高看中国经济实力的原因可能是因为他们是一个如此庞大的国家。但GDP数据显示，它们在经济上仍然十分低效（尽管我认为有进步）。这两个经济体都在继续增长，中国的增长并不是一条陡峭的曲线。
所以，从我所读到的和所经历的来看……中国的工厂非常出色，比美国的工厂建造或投资时间离现在更近。
So from what I read and have experienced… Chinese factories are excellent and were built more recently or reinvested more recently than US.
人们高看中国经济实力的原因可能是因为他们是一个如此庞大的国家。但GDP数据显示，它们在经济上仍然十分低效（尽管我认为有进步）。这两个经济体都在继续增长，中国的增长并不是一条陡峭的曲线。
所以，从我所读到的和所经历的来看……中国的工厂非常出色，比美国的工厂建造或投资时间离现在更近。
That said, Chinese students perform worse than American students in entrepreneurism (the Chinese entrepreneurs that succeed do so despite their education not because of it). They perform worse in getting core invention patents (but apply for a LOT of utility patents). They (on average) seem to be weak at the human psychology understanding needed to excel at marketing in the west.
但即便如此，中国学生在创业方面的表现比美国学生更差（尽管他们接受了教育，但中国企业家成功的原因却不是因为教育），他们在获得核心发明专利方面表现较差（但他们申请了大量的实用专利），他们（平均而言）似乎对在西方进行市场营销所需的人类心理学的理解方面较弱。
但即便如此，中国学生在创业方面的表现比美国学生更差（尽管他们接受了教育，但中国企业家成功的原因却不是因为教育），他们在获得核心发明专利方面表现较差（但他们申请了大量的实用专利），他们（平均而言）似乎对在西方进行市场营销所需的人类心理学的理解方面较弱。
Because here's the truth: tests can only ever measure 15–20% of the outcome society needs from schools. And, there are not good metrics for measuring the other 85%. So people obsess about the numbers they have and make frankly idiotic jumps to conclusion based on test scores.
因为事实是这样的：考试只能衡量社会对学校所需的才能的15-20%。而且，并不存在很好的衡量其他85%的才能的标准。因此，人们痴迷于他们拥有的数字并会根据考试成绩得出愚蠢的结论。
因为事实是这样的：考试只能衡量社会对学校所需的才能的15-20%。而且，并不存在很好的衡量其他85%的才能的标准。因此，人们痴迷于他们拥有的数字并会根据考试成绩得出愚蠢的结论。
ADDED:
In reviewing the comments on this post, I believe this is an area where a wide number of biases are at play (biases both ways). But let me note three key ones that influence how we all respond to these questions:
There is a cultural bias. There has been a belief from asian countries that US citizens aren’t disciplined enough - and it’s been around a very long time. I’ve read accounts of WWII and Japan’s decision to attack the US that claim the Japanese generals decided the US citizenry lacked discipline so they’d be easily defeated. These accounts also suggest Admiral Yamamoto (who had lived & studied in the US and had US friends) tried to correct their mis-perceptions but failed. Interestingly, in the US, white european heritage citizens have often cast this same argument against minorities (black, hispanics) and they have done so despite reality.
补充：
在回顾这篇文章的评论时，我认为这是一个存在大量偏见（双向偏见）的领域，但请让我指出影响我们如何回答这些问题的三个关键因素：
存在文化偏见。亚洲国家一直认为美国公民缺乏足够的纪律--而且这种情况已经存在很长一段时间了。我读过关于二战和日本决定袭击美国的报道，这些报道声称日本的将军认为美国公民缺乏纪律，所以他们很容易被击败。这些报道还表明山本上将（曾在美国生活和学习，有美国朋友）试图纠正他们的错误认识但失败了。有趣的是，在美国，传统的欧洲白人公民经常对少数族裔（黑人、西班牙裔）提出同样的论点，尽管现实如此，他们还是发动了袭击。
In reviewing the comments on this post, I believe this is an area where a wide number of biases are at play (biases both ways). But let me note three key ones that influence how we all respond to these questions:
There is a cultural bias. There has been a belief from asian countries that US citizens aren’t disciplined enough - and it’s been around a very long time. I’ve read accounts of WWII and Japan’s decision to attack the US that claim the Japanese generals decided the US citizenry lacked discipline so they’d be easily defeated. These accounts also suggest Admiral Yamamoto (who had lived & studied in the US and had US friends) tried to correct their mis-perceptions but failed. Interestingly, in the US, white european heritage citizens have often cast this same argument against minorities (black, hispanics) and they have done so despite reality.
补充：
在回顾这篇文章的评论时，我认为这是一个存在大量偏见（双向偏见）的领域，但请让我指出影响我们如何回答这些问题的三个关键因素：
存在文化偏见。亚洲国家一直认为美国公民缺乏足够的纪律--而且这种情况已经存在很长一段时间了。我读过关于二战和日本决定袭击美国的报道，这些报道声称日本的将军认为美国公民缺乏纪律，所以他们很容易被击败。这些报道还表明山本上将（曾在美国生活和学习，有美国朋友）试图纠正他们的错误认识但失败了。有趣的是，在美国，传统的欧洲白人公民经常对少数族裔（黑人、西班牙裔）提出同样的论点，尽管现实如此，他们还是发动了袭击。
For those people from Asia who choose to believe this, I expect it’s simply from the cultural disconnect in attitudes. (I know when I have worked outside the US cultural things seem very odd and frustrating to me but for people living within the culture they are quite natural. But I always found it wrong to let those frustrations become broad proclamations. Difference always feels different.)
对于那些选择相信这一点的亚洲人来说，我认为这仅仅是因为态度上的文化脱节（我知道这一点是因为当我在美国以外的国家工作时，文化方面的事情对我来说似乎是很奇怪和令人沮丧的，但对于生活在这种文化中的人来说，这些事情是很自然的。但我发现，将这些挫折成为广泛的误导是错误的，因为差异总是会让人感觉不同）。
对于那些选择相信这一点的亚洲人来说，我认为这仅仅是因为态度上的文化脱节（我知道这一点是因为当我在美国以外的国家工作时，文化方面的事情对我来说似乎是很奇怪和令人沮丧的，但对于生活在这种文化中的人来说，这些事情是很自然的。但我发现，将这些挫折成为广泛的误导是错误的，因为差异总是会让人感觉不同）。
There is a sextion bias. Students who study for a PhD in the US from China (or other countries) must be (on average) at the top of their group otherwise they cannot study here. That cohort is being compared with the mass of US citizens who study for a PhD. My guess is that if we compared like with like a lot of these perceived differences would go away.
存在选择性偏差。从中国（或其他国家）到美国攻读博士学位的学生通常（平均而言）在群体中处于领先地位，否则他们无法在这里学习。我们正在将这一群体与攻读博士学位的美国公民的数量进行比较。我的猜测是，如果我们进行类似的比较，那么很多感知到的差异就会消失。
存在选择性偏差。从中国（或其他国家）到美国攻读博士学位的学生通常（平均而言）在群体中处于领先地位，否则他们无法在这里学习。我们正在将这一群体与攻读博士学位的美国公民的数量进行比较。我的猜测是，如果我们进行类似的比较，那么很多感知到的差异就会消失。
There is a bias in deciding what “American” is. This is a fascinating article suggesting even American’s have a hard time guess what demographic is “American”. ‘Normal America’ Is Not A Small Town Of White People So in reading the comments I wonder if, for example, all Asian students (even those born and raised in America) are included in some people’s perception of this question.
在决定什么是“美国人”时存在偏见。以下这篇引人入胜的文章表明，即使是美国人也很难猜出什么是人口统计学上的“美国人”-“正常的美国不是白人的小镇”（链接），所以在阅读评论时，我想知道，例如，是否所有的亚洲学生（甚至那些在美国出生和长大的学生）都包括在一些人对这个问题的看法中。
在决定什么是“美国人”时存在偏见。以下这篇引人入胜的文章表明，即使是美国人也很难猜出什么是人口统计学上的“美国人”-“正常的美国不是白人的小镇”（链接），所以在阅读评论时，我想知道，例如，是否所有的亚洲学生（甚至那些在美国出生和长大的学生）都包括在一些人对这个问题的看法中。
My own experience is this: Discipline (which seems to be at the core of criticism of US students) is one of very many skills we need to succeed in life. As a result it also needs to be balanced against other skills to find the mix that each individual needs for success. In fact, disciplined busyness often hurts one’s success as it impedes the ability to perceive what’s critical and move on a strategically smart line. In other cases it’s a tremendous help.
我个人的经验是：纪律（似乎这是对美国学生批评的核心）只是我们在生活中取得成功所需要的许多技能之一。因此，它还需要与其他技能进行平衡，以找到每个人成功所需的组合。事实上，有纪律的忙碌往往会影响一个人的成功，因为它阻碍了感知关键内容和在战略上明智的路线上前进的能力。而在其他情况下，这是一个巨大的帮助。
我个人的经验是：纪律（似乎这是对美国学生批评的核心）只是我们在生活中取得成功所需要的许多技能之一。因此，它还需要与其他技能进行平衡，以找到每个人成功所需的组合。事实上，有纪律的忙碌往往会影响一个人的成功，因为它阻碍了感知关键内容和在战略上明智的路线上前进的能力。而在其他情况下，这是一个巨大的帮助。
-
AN Saban
Wow. I rather thought you had a clear and concise answer and it looks like you pissed a lot of people off…
I have to agree with you (I'm no comparative scholar but am working towards a PhD in Chinese Studies), and I see a distinct lack of Chinese-born scholars and professionals outside of STEM subjects. Chinese education is very focused on math and science, and I can see how that fits in very well with their collectivistic culture and the direction their economy is headed. But how common are the Chinese in the more humanities/liberal arts/social sciences arenas? I think that shows a big cultural difference, and also highlights subjects where standardized testing is difficult to measure.
哇！我倒是觉得你的答案非常简明扼要，看起来你惹恼了很多人…
我不得不同意你的观点（虽然我不是比较学者，但我正在攻读中国研究博士学位），我发现在 STEM 学科之外明显缺乏中国出生的学者和专业人士。中国的教育非常注重数学和科学，虽然我可以看出这与他们的集体主义文化和经济发展方向非常吻合，但中国人在更多的人文/文科/社会科学领域有多常见？我认为这显示了很大的文化差异，也突出了标准化测试难以衡量的科目。
AN Saban
Wow. I rather thought you had a clear and concise answer and it looks like you pissed a lot of people off…
I have to agree with you (I'm no comparative scholar but am working towards a PhD in Chinese Studies), and I see a distinct lack of Chinese-born scholars and professionals outside of STEM subjects. Chinese education is very focused on math and science, and I can see how that fits in very well with their collectivistic culture and the direction their economy is headed. But how common are the Chinese in the more humanities/liberal arts/social sciences arenas? I think that shows a big cultural difference, and also highlights subjects where standardized testing is difficult to measure.
哇！我倒是觉得你的答案非常简明扼要，看起来你惹恼了很多人…
我不得不同意你的观点（虽然我不是比较学者，但我正在攻读中国研究博士学位），我发现在 STEM 学科之外明显缺乏中国出生的学者和专业人士。中国的教育非常注重数学和科学，虽然我可以看出这与他们的集体主义文化和经济发展方向非常吻合，但中国人在更多的人文/文科/社会科学领域有多常见？我认为这显示了很大的文化差异，也突出了标准化测试难以衡量的科目。
-
Scott Du
I have a two-part question.
Students in China didn't get higher score 20 years ago. But when you compare entrepreneurs and patents, you are actually comparing the education of the two countries tens of years ago. I agree America do work better then. What about the education NOW?
Lots and lots of Chinese elite students study abroad for higher education and later work in other countries, when counting entrepreneurs and patents. Theirs was counted as other countries'. On the contrary, America has a lot of immigrants whose education was took outside America, theirs was counted as American's. We should notice that it is those people contribute the most entrepreneurs and patents. Say, there are a lot of Chinese and Indian running start-ups in Silicon Valley.
I think we are talking about basic education. I agree that the higher education in China SUCKS.
我有一个由两部分组成的问题。
20年前，中国的学生并没有获得更高的分数。当你比较企业家和专利时，你实际上是在比较几十年前两国的教育。我同意当时美国做得更好，但现在的教育情况如何呢？
在计算企业家和专利时，有越来越多的中国精英学生出国接受高等教育，然后在其他国家工作，他们被视为其他国家的公民。相反，美国有许多在美国以外接受教育的移民，他们却被视为美国人。我们应该注意到，正是这些人贡献了最多的企业家和专利。比方说，硅谷就有很多由中国人和印度人创办的初创企业。
我认为我们正在谈论的是基础教育，我同意中国的高等教育很烂。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Scott Du
I have a two-part question.
Students in China didn't get higher score 20 years ago. But when you compare entrepreneurs and patents, you are actually comparing the education of the two countries tens of years ago. I agree America do work better then. What about the education NOW?
Lots and lots of Chinese elite students study abroad for higher education and later work in other countries, when counting entrepreneurs and patents. Theirs was counted as other countries'. On the contrary, America has a lot of immigrants whose education was took outside America, theirs was counted as American's. We should notice that it is those people contribute the most entrepreneurs and patents. Say, there are a lot of Chinese and Indian running start-ups in Silicon Valley.
I think we are talking about basic education. I agree that the higher education in China SUCKS.
我有一个由两部分组成的问题。
20年前，中国的学生并没有获得更高的分数。当你比较企业家和专利时，你实际上是在比较几十年前两国的教育。我同意当时美国做得更好，但现在的教育情况如何呢？
在计算企业家和专利时，有越来越多的中国精英学生出国接受高等教育，然后在其他国家工作，他们被视为其他国家的公民。相反，美国有许多在美国以外接受教育的移民，他们却被视为美国人。我们应该注意到，正是这些人贡献了最多的企业家和专利。比方说，硅谷就有很多由中国人和印度人创办的初创企业。
我认为我们正在谈论的是基础教育，我同意中国的高等教育很烂。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
-
Doug Garnett
Two comments.
First, the comparisons of patents is recent - last 4–5 years. You can read about it in Yong Zhao’s work. The government of China is worried - they are attempting to reduce testing but it’s such an ancient cultural practice they find it tough. Anyway, they also proudly publish patent quantities. But as Zhao points out, they are primarily utility patents and not for fundamental breakthroughs.
首先，专利方面我比较的是最近的数据——过去4-5年，你可以在Yong Zhao的评论中读到。中国政府很发愁，他们正试图减少审查，但这是一种古老的文化习俗，因为他们觉得很难做到。无论如何，他们还是自豪地公布了专利数量，但正如Yong Zhao所指出的，它们主要是实用专利而不是根本性的突破。
Doug Garnett
Two comments.
First, the comparisons of patents is recent - last 4–5 years. You can read about it in Yong Zhao’s work. The government of China is worried - they are attempting to reduce testing but it’s such an ancient cultural practice they find it tough. Anyway, they also proudly publish patent quantities. But as Zhao points out, they are primarily utility patents and not for fundamental breakthroughs.
首先，专利方面我比较的是最近的数据——过去4-5年，你可以在Yong Zhao的评论中读到。中国政府很发愁，他们正试图减少审查，但这是一种古老的文化习俗，因为他们觉得很难做到。无论如何，他们还是自豪地公布了专利数量，但正如Yong Zhao所指出的，它们主要是实用专利而不是根本性的突破。
Yes. US universities draw students from around the world because they are excellent universities. And many of the students stay in the US and teach or go into industry. However, to make the claim that it’s these immigrants who submit the patents is suspicious. I doubt that’s true - but I do not have specific numbers nor do I know how we would get a count.
是的，美国的大学会吸引来自世界各地的学生，因为他们是优秀的大学。虽然许多学生会留在美国任教或工作，但声称是这些移民提交了专利是很可疑的，我怀疑这不是真的，但我没有具体的数字，也不知道如何计算。
是的，美国的大学会吸引来自世界各地的学生，因为他们是优秀的大学。虽然许多学生会留在美国任教或工作，但声称是这些移民提交了专利是很可疑的，我怀疑这不是真的，但我没有具体的数字，也不知道如何计算。
One major factor in US companies hiring people on green cards (who may become citizens) is that anyone who arrives here on a green card finds it exceptionally difficult to change companies. That gives the company an advantage in negotiating with them - both for their longevity at the company and to reduce salaries. Programmer salaries (I read) are in free fall at this point.
That’s not the whole story. But your comment is far, far too much of a simplification and doesn’t reflect the true richness and complexity of the situation.
美国公司会雇用持有绿卡的人（可能成为公民）的一个主要因素是，任何持有绿卡的人都会发现更换公司异常困难。这使得公司在与他们谈判时具有优势，这既可以延长他们在公司的工作年限，也可以降低工资。比如程序员的工资（我读到）在这一点上就是自由落体的。
虽然这并不是全部，但你的评论过于简单化，并没有反映出真实情况的丰富性和复杂性。
That’s not the whole story. But your comment is far, far too much of a simplification and doesn’t reflect the true richness and complexity of the situation.
美国公司会雇用持有绿卡的人（可能成为公民）的一个主要因素是，任何持有绿卡的人都会发现更换公司异常困难。这使得公司在与他们谈判时具有优势，这既可以延长他们在公司的工作年限，也可以降低工资。比如程序员的工资（我读到）在这一点上就是自由落体的。
虽然这并不是全部，但你的评论过于简单化，并没有反映出真实情况的丰富性和复杂性。
-
Shusen Liu
If you look at PHD level education in STEM. In a lot of school the number of local students is abysmally low. From my experince in DOE National Laboratories. The people received their early education outside US consists a very substantial portion of the research stuff. So, it is not so wild to claim US is ahead because US can attract a lot of people from other countries.
如果你看一下STEM的博士学位，你会发现在许多学校当地学生的数量极低。根据我在DOE国家实验室的经验，在美国以外接受早期教育的人占了研究人员的很大一部分。所以，声称美国领先并不疯狂，因为美国确实可以吸引很多其他国家的人。
Shusen Liu
If you look at PHD level education in STEM. In a lot of school the number of local students is abysmally low. From my experince in DOE National Laboratories. The people received their early education outside US consists a very substantial portion of the research stuff. So, it is not so wild to claim US is ahead because US can attract a lot of people from other countries.
如果你看一下STEM的博士学位，你会发现在许多学校当地学生的数量极低。根据我在DOE国家实验室的经验，在美国以外接受早期教育的人占了研究人员的很大一部分。所以，声称美国领先并不疯狂，因为美国确实可以吸引很多其他国家的人。
-
Scott Du
Sorry I didn't make it clear. I'm not saying the statistics are out-of-date. I mean the entrepreneurs and people working on patents got their education more than ten years ago.
I don't know well what's going on in America, but for China, many well-educated Chinese settled in other countries. How to get those elites back is already an important issue for Chinese government.
Thx for sharing. It is indeed an complex topic and need far more than a little calculation.
对不起，我没有说清楚。我并不是说统计数据已经过时了，我的意思是企业家和从事专利工作的人是在十多年前接受的教育。
我不清楚美国发生了什么，但对中国来说，许多受过良好教育的中国人会在其他国家定居。如何让这些精英回归，已经是中国政府面临的一个重要的问题。
谢谢分享。这确实是一个复杂的话题，需要的不仅仅是一点点计算。
Scott Du
Sorry I didn't make it clear. I'm not saying the statistics are out-of-date. I mean the entrepreneurs and people working on patents got their education more than ten years ago.
I don't know well what's going on in America, but for China, many well-educated Chinese settled in other countries. How to get those elites back is already an important issue for Chinese government.
Thx for sharing. It is indeed an complex topic and need far more than a little calculation.
对不起，我没有说清楚。我并不是说统计数据已经过时了，我的意思是企业家和从事专利工作的人是在十多年前接受的教育。
我不清楚美国发生了什么，但对中国来说，许多受过良好教育的中国人会在其他国家定居。如何让这些精英回归，已经是中国政府面临的一个重要的问题。
谢谢分享。这确实是一个复杂的话题，需要的不仅仅是一点点计算。
------------
Thomas Lee, Multinational Senior Executive
If IQ is the measure for being smart, China ranks second in the world and USA does NOT even make the top 25.
We all know how well most Americans are educated.
如果智商是衡量聪明的标准，那么中国排名世界第二，美国甚至没有进入前25名。
我们都知道大多数美国人的受教育程度有多高。
Thomas Lee, Multinational Senior Executive
If IQ is the measure for being smart, China ranks second in the world and USA does NOT even make the top 25.
We all know how well most Americans are educated.
如果智商是衡量聪明的标准，那么中国排名世界第二，美国甚至没有进入前25名。
我们都知道大多数美国人的受教育程度有多高。
-----------
Ridzwan Abdul Rahman, Self employed (2000-present)，Lives in Subang Jaya, Malaysia1990–present
“Smart” is usually used to mean “intelligent”. One of the usual measures of intelligence is IQ.
There are these websites that rank country by average IQ.
Thefirst is Worldata that says people of China has the 6th highest average IQ at 104 while Americans have the 27th highest average IQ at 98
IQ by Country
“聪明”通常用来表示“智力”，而智商是衡量智力的常用标准之一。
有一些网站对各国人民的平均智商进行了排名。
第一个是Worldata，它说中国人的平均智商排名世界第6，为104，而美国人的平均智商排名世界第27，为98。
各国智商（链接）
Ridzwan Abdul Rahman, Self employed (2000-present)，Lives in Subang Jaya, Malaysia1990–present
“Smart” is usually used to mean “intelligent”. One of the usual measures of intelligence is IQ.
There are these websites that rank country by average IQ.
Thefirst is Worldata that says people of China has the 6th highest average IQ at 104 while Americans have the 27th highest average IQ at 98
IQ by Country
“聪明”通常用来表示“智力”，而智商是衡量智力的常用标准之一。
有一些网站对各国人民的平均智商进行了排名。
第一个是Worldata，它说中国人的平均智商排名世界第6，为104，而美国人的平均智商排名世界第27，为98。
各国智商（链接）
The second is a 2012 sociological study by Lynn & Vanhanen, that says China has an average IQ of 105.8 while US has an average IQ of 97.5
https://lesacreduprintemps19.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/intelligence-a-unifying-construct-for-the-social-sciences-richard-lynn-and-tatu-vanhanen.pdf
Based on the above, the Chinese would be smarter.
第二个是2012年由Lynn & Vanhanen进行的社会学研究，该研究称中国人的平均智商为105.8，而美国人的平均智商为97.5。
https://lesacreduprintemps19.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/intelligence-a-unifying-construct-for-the-social-sciences-richard-lynn-and-tatu-vanhanen.pdf
Based on the above, the Chinese would be smarter.
第二个是2012年由Lynn & Vanhanen进行的社会学研究，该研究称中国人的平均智商为105.8，而美国人的平均智商为97.5。
https://lesacreduprintemps19.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/intelligence-a-unifing-construct-for-the-social-sciences-richard-lynn-and-tatu-vanhanen.pdf
基于以上所述，中国人会更聪明。
基于以上所述，中国人会更聪明。
As for competence, we could look at a couple of measurements.
One is the PISA test results. According to the 2018 PISA tests results, China, at No. 1, has a score of 578.7 while the US, at No. 25, has a score of 495.0
The second is the number of STEM graduates. As of 2016, China had about 4.7 million STEM graduates while the US had about 568 thousand.
至于能力，我们可以看几个衡量标准。
一是PISA测试结果。根据2018年的PISA测试结果，中国的得分为578.7分，排名第一；美国的得分为495.0分，排名第25。
其次是STEM毕业生的数量。截至2016年，中国每年约有470万STEM毕业生，而美国每年约有56.8万。
One is the PISA test results. According to the 2018 PISA tests results, China, at No. 1, has a score of 578.7 while the US, at No. 25, has a score of 495.0
The second is the number of STEM graduates. As of 2016, China had about 4.7 million STEM graduates while the US had about 568 thousand.
至于能力，我们可以看几个衡量标准。
一是PISA测试结果。根据2018年的PISA测试结果，中国的得分为578.7分，排名第一；美国的得分为495.0分，排名第25。
其次是STEM毕业生的数量。截至2016年，中国每年约有470万STEM毕业生，而美国每年约有56.8万。
----------------
Chew Hongjie, Has Baba-Nyonya, Straits-Chinese ancestry，Lives in Singapore1981–present
No. They are more hardworking. They are more competitive. They put in longer hours outside school to make sure they understand and master what have been taught in class. They are also more ‘exam smart’. They strategise for their examinations to maximise their chances of scoring the highest marks possible.
I am Singaporean and not Chinese, but am by and large a product of an education system that is similar to the Chinese. We are skilled at guessing what may or may not come up in an examination. We focus our energies on revising those topics.
不，他们只是更努力，更有求胜心。他们在课外花费了更长的时间以确保他们理解并掌握课堂上所教的内容。他们也更“聪明”，他们会为考试制定策略以最大限度地提高自己获得最高分数的机会。
我是新加坡人，不是中国人，但总的来说，我是一个类似于中国的教育体系的产物。我们善于猜测考试中会出现什么或不会出现什么，我们会把精力集中在温习这些内容上。
Chew Hongjie, Has Baba-Nyonya, Straits-Chinese ancestry，Lives in Singapore1981–present
No. They are more hardworking. They are more competitive. They put in longer hours outside school to make sure they understand and master what have been taught in class. They are also more ‘exam smart’. They strategise for their examinations to maximise their chances of scoring the highest marks possible.
I am Singaporean and not Chinese, but am by and large a product of an education system that is similar to the Chinese. We are skilled at guessing what may or may not come up in an examination. We focus our energies on revising those topics.
不，他们只是更努力，更有求胜心。他们在课外花费了更长的时间以确保他们理解并掌握课堂上所教的内容。他们也更“聪明”，他们会为考试制定策略以最大限度地提高自己获得最高分数的机会。
我是新加坡人，不是中国人，但总的来说，我是一个类似于中国的教育体系的产物。我们善于猜测考试中会出现什么或不会出现什么，我们会把精力集中在温习这些内容上。
Bear in mind that when it comes to IQ, IQ-test scores can be improved upon through practice. The more you are familiar with IQ-type questions, the better you will be at answering them correctly and more quickly. IQ tests are not a reliable measurement of intelligence, because intelligence itself is multifaceted and also malleable. We can and do get more intelligent by exercising our intellectual muscles such as reading more, thinking critically about ideas and current affairs more, etc.
I don't think there is anything innate in the brain or genes of a Sinitic person that makes us seem more intelligent than the Caucasian and Black person. It is more likely our culture. We value education, hard work, and enterprise.
记住，当谈到智商时，智商测试分数可以通过练习来提高。你对智商测试题型越熟悉，你就越能正确快速地回答。智商测试并不是一种可靠的测量智力的方法，因为智力本身是多方面的，而且具有可塑性。通过锻炼我们的智力肌肉，比如多阅读，多批判性地思考想法和时事，我们可以而且确实可以变得更聪明。
我不认为在中国人的大脑或基因中有什么能让我们看起来比白种人和黑人更聪明的东西，这更像是我们的文化的原因。我们只是更重视教育、更努力，更有进取心。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I don't think there is anything innate in the brain or genes of a Sinitic person that makes us seem more intelligent than the Caucasian and Black person. It is more likely our culture. We value education, hard work, and enterprise.
记住，当谈到智商时，智商测试分数可以通过练习来提高。你对智商测试题型越熟悉，你就越能正确快速地回答。智商测试并不是一种可靠的测量智力的方法，因为智力本身是多方面的，而且具有可塑性。通过锻炼我们的智力肌肉，比如多阅读，多批判性地思考想法和时事，我们可以而且确实可以变得更聪明。
我不认为在中国人的大脑或基因中有什么能让我们看起来比白种人和黑人更聪明的东西，这更像是我们的文化的原因。我们只是更重视教育、更努力，更有进取心。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
------------
Allen Stout, former Center Director & DSO at ELS Language Centers (2004-2017)，Lives in Midwestern USA
Smarter? No, I think they are about the same level of intelligence. People are people. But for many reasons the average Chinese student is probably better at studying, memorizing things, and better at taking exams. So the average Chinese student will probably perform better at most academic things.
更聪明？不，我认为他们的智力水平（和我们）差不多。他们也是人，但由于许多原因，普通的中国学生可能更擅长学习、记忆，也更擅长考试，所以普通的中国学生在大多数学术方面可能会表现得更好。
Allen Stout, former Center Director & DSO at ELS Language Centers (2004-2017)，Lives in Midwestern USA
Smarter? No, I think they are about the same level of intelligence. People are people. But for many reasons the average Chinese student is probably better at studying, memorizing things, and better at taking exams. So the average Chinese student will probably perform better at most academic things.
更聪明？不，我认为他们的智力水平（和我们）差不多。他们也是人，但由于许多原因，普通的中国学生可能更擅长学习、记忆，也更擅长考试，所以普通的中国学生在大多数学术方面可能会表现得更好。
Here are 3 reasons why:
1 — Chinese characters. Every student must memorize hundreds and even thousands of Chinese written characters. The only way is by rote memorization. They learn the meaning, the pronunciation and how to write them. This takes a lot of focus and countless hours and it's on a daily basis from around age 4 or 5. American kids do this also, but the number to memorize is … 26. Big difference.
原因有三：
1-汉字。每个学生都必须记住几百个甚至几千个汉字，唯一的办法就是死记硬背。他们会学习每个字的意思，发音和如何书写，这需要花费大量的注意力和无数的时间，而且从4岁或5岁开始每天都是这样。虽然美国的孩子也需要这么做，但他们要记住的只有…26个字母。两者差别很大。
1 — Chinese characters. Every student must memorize hundreds and even thousands of Chinese written characters. The only way is by rote memorization. They learn the meaning, the pronunciation and how to write them. This takes a lot of focus and countless hours and it's on a daily basis from around age 4 or 5. American kids do this also, but the number to memorize is … 26. Big difference.
原因有三：
1-汉字。每个学生都必须记住几百个甚至几千个汉字，唯一的办法就是死记硬背。他们会学习每个字的意思，发音和如何书写，这需要花费大量的注意力和无数的时间，而且从4岁或5岁开始每天都是这样。虽然美国的孩子也需要这么做，但他们要记住的只有…26个字母。两者差别很大。
2. — Exam culture. From ancient times, China has had a culture that placed great value on exams to demonstrate ability and merit. Their bureaucrats and administrators had to excel at rigorous exams in order to be considered for appointment. This has carried over to many facets of life in modern China, including the famous “gao kao" university entrance exam. This beast of an exam is 9 hours long over a couple of days. Other exams are required for certain jobs and government positions as well.
2-考试文化。自古以来，中国就有一种重视考试以展示个人能力和优点的文化。他们的官僚和行政人员必须在严格的考试中出类拔萃才会被考虑任命，这已经影响到现代中国生活的方方面面，包括著名的高考。这场考试长达9个小时并持续几天。某些工作和政府职位还需要进行其他考试。
2-考试文化。自古以来，中国就有一种重视考试以展示个人能力和优点的文化。他们的官僚和行政人员必须在严格的考试中出类拔萃才会被考虑任命，这已经影响到现代中国生活的方方面面，包括著名的高考。这场考试长达9个小时并持续几天。某些工作和政府职位还需要进行其他考试。
3 — Focus on education. Given the above, it isn't surprising that most families place an extremely high value on education as THE way to get ahead in life.
For these reasons, an average Chinese student will probably appear to be smarter. And in terms of academics and ability to memorize, they will be above the average American student. But as far as native intelligence and IQ, people are people and I'd imagine they're about the same.
3-关注教育。综上所述，大多数中国家庭都非常重视教育，所以认为教育是获得人生成功的途径并不奇怪。
基于这些原因，一个普通的中国学生可能会显得更聪明，在学术和记忆能力方面，他们将超过美国学生的平均水平。但就天生的智力和智商而言，他们也是人，我想他们应该差不多。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
For these reasons, an average Chinese student will probably appear to be smarter. And in terms of academics and ability to memorize, they will be above the average American student. But as far as native intelligence and IQ, people are people and I'd imagine they're about the same.
3-关注教育。综上所述，大多数中国家庭都非常重视教育，所以认为教育是获得人生成功的途径并不奇怪。
基于这些原因，一个普通的中国学生可能会显得更聪明，在学术和记忆能力方面，他们将超过美国学生的平均水平。但就天生的智力和智商而言，他们也是人，我想他们应该差不多。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
----------------
Michael Ler
Smarter and/or more motivated. China has about 4 times the US population but 8 times the STEM graduates and 16 times the graduate students studying STEM subjects…meanwhile half the US population will curl up in the fetal position position at the mere mention of affordable higher education…and then they wonder why china is quickly passing them by.
中国人更聪明和/或更有动力。中国人口大约是美国的4倍，但是STEM毕业生是美国的8倍，STEM专业的研究生是美国的16倍……与此同时，一提到负担得起的高等教育，一半的美国人就会进入萎靡状态……然后他们想知道，为什么中国会很快地超过他们。
Michael Ler
Smarter and/or more motivated. China has about 4 times the US population but 8 times the STEM graduates and 16 times the graduate students studying STEM subjects…meanwhile half the US population will curl up in the fetal position position at the mere mention of affordable higher education…and then they wonder why china is quickly passing them by.
中国人更聪明和/或更有动力。中国人口大约是美国的4倍，但是STEM毕业生是美国的8倍，STEM专业的研究生是美国的16倍……与此同时，一提到负担得起的高等教育，一半的美国人就会进入萎靡状态……然后他们想知道，为什么中国会很快地超过他们。
-----------
Jay Yan
As a Chinese-American (a bit fair of comparison between me and a Chinese person in Asia), I would say yeah.
I general, you can expect any students from Asia, not just China, to be more competent than the average American Student when it comes to school.
作为一个美籍华人（我和在亚洲的中国人比较还算公平），我会说是的。
总的来说，你可以期望任何来自亚洲的学生（不仅仅是来自中国的学生）在学校里都比普通的美国学生更有能力。
Jay Yan
As a Chinese-American (a bit fair of comparison between me and a Chinese person in Asia), I would say yeah.
I general, you can expect any students from Asia, not just China, to be more competent than the average American Student when it comes to school.
作为一个美籍华人（我和在亚洲的中国人比较还算公平），我会说是的。
总的来说，你可以期望任何来自亚洲的学生（不仅仅是来自中国的学生）在学校里都比普通的美国学生更有能力。
But one thing that my brother has noticed specifically about Chinese students, as he’s communicated with them more than any other Asian person, is most of them rely on memorization. Through memorization, they’re able to do well on their exams. But they’re usually (not always) not able to understand the core of what they’re learning. There is a good reason for that though. In Asia, or at least I know it happens in China, India, and Korea, there are these exams that decide your ultimate future. These exams decide what college you go to, if you go to a good one your future is great and if it’s a bad one, your future might be spotty at best. As such, the students are pressured to do well on these exams for most of their early childhood and teenage life. It isn’t normal pressure either. It’s hardcore pressure.
由于我哥哥和他们的交流比其他任何亚洲人都多，因此我哥哥特别注意到中国学生的一点，那就是他们中的大多数人都依赖记忆。通过记忆，他们能在考试中取得好成绩，但他们通常（并非总是）无法理解他们所学习的内容的核心。不过，这是有充分理由的。在亚洲，或者至少我知道在中国、印度和韩国，考试决定了你最终的未来。这些考试决定了你上哪所大学，如果你上的是一所好的大学，你的前途是美好的，如果是一所差的大学，你的前途可能会比较暗淡。因此，学生们在童年和青少年时期的大部分时间里都面临着在这些考试中取得好成绩的压力。这不是普通压力，这是核心压力。
由于我哥哥和他们的交流比其他任何亚洲人都多，因此我哥哥特别注意到中国学生的一点，那就是他们中的大多数人都依赖记忆。通过记忆，他们能在考试中取得好成绩，但他们通常（并非总是）无法理解他们所学习的内容的核心。不过，这是有充分理由的。在亚洲，或者至少我知道在中国、印度和韩国，考试决定了你最终的未来。这些考试决定了你上哪所大学，如果你上的是一所好的大学，你的前途是美好的，如果是一所差的大学，你的前途可能会比较暗淡。因此，学生们在童年和青少年时期的大部分时间里都面临着在这些考试中取得好成绩的压力。这不是普通压力，这是核心压力。
American students might not be the best in our schooling, but since we’re constantly ask to think outside of the box and be more creative, we tend to be thinkers and have a bit more freedom to just create. Even if we don’t go to college we have a great chance at success as long as we are able to think outside the box. Which is something that I remember being more stressed than doing well on exams. Shit, I remember a teacher saying: “College is a good thing for your future, but if you find another way that you feel is just as great then follow that path. You can always go to college anytime”. Though that was my education experience. I remember some of my peers in College, stated they were stressed to just go to college.
美国学生可能不是我们学校里最好的学生，但由于我们经常被要求跳出框框思考，因此我们更具创造性，我们往往是思想家，有更多的自由去创造。即使我们不上大学，只要我们能跳出框框思考，我们也有很大的成功机会。我记得一位老师说过：“大学对你的未来是件好事，但如果你找到了另一条你觉得同样伟大的路，那就沿着那条路走吧，因为你随时都可以上大学”。不过那是我的教育经历，我记得我在大学里的一些同龄人说，他们存在上大学的压力。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
美国学生可能不是我们学校里最好的学生，但由于我们经常被要求跳出框框思考，因此我们更具创造性，我们往往是思想家，有更多的自由去创造。即使我们不上大学，只要我们能跳出框框思考，我们也有很大的成功机会。我记得一位老师说过：“大学对你的未来是件好事，但如果你找到了另一条你觉得同样伟大的路，那就沿着那条路走吧，因为你随时都可以上大学”。不过那是我的教育经历，我记得我在大学里的一些同龄人说，他们存在上大学的压力。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
很赞 2
收藏