网帖翻译

Shannon Fu
I have visited more than half of China.Upvoted by Matthew Clemons , lives in The United States of America (2000-present) and T.R TOM , lives in China (1983-present)upxed 1y

傅香农
我想给你讲个故事。
这个故事的名字是《天哪，在德国建特斯拉工厂太难了。》
2017年，特斯拉Model 3量产，结束了特斯拉疯狂烧钱、不盈利的时代。

In the following two years, huge production pressure has been plagued Tesla.
If the production capacity is not increased, the profit will not be increased.
Because it burned too much money when doing research and development in the past, Tesla's debt interest was an astronomical figure every day.
If the profit cannot cover the interest, then Tesla will be in a state of continuous loss.
So the wonders in human history appeared.
On the one hand, product supply is in short supply, on the other hand, Tesla’s capital chain is on the verge of collapse and may fall into a debt crisis at any time.
As long as the production capacity can be increased, all problems will be solved, but the production capacity cannot be increased.

随后两年，巨大的生产压力一直困扰着特斯拉。
如果产能不增加，也就代表利润不增加。
因为过去做研发的时候太烧钱了，特斯拉每天的债务利息都是天文数字。
如果利润无法覆盖利息，那么特斯拉将处于持续亏损的状态。
于是，出现了人类历史上这样的奇景。
一方面产品供不应求，另一方面特斯拉的资金链濒临崩溃，随时可能陷入债务危机。
只要能提高产能，一切问题都将迎刃而解，但问题在于，产能不能提高。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

In 2018, Musk came to China and tried to use China's speed to build a super factory to expand production capacity for Tesla.
In just three months, Musk had reached an agreement with Shanghai.
Shanghai provided Tesla with a huge piece of land at a price of 10% for the construction of a factory, and at the same time provided 18.5 billion yuan in loans for Tesla, which is in short supply, with an annualized interest rate as low as 3.9%.
These two conditions are equivalent to sending money to Tesla, but Shanghai is not losing money.
Because Musk promised in the agreement that starting from 2023, Tesla's Shanghai Gigafactory will pay no less than RMB 2.23 billion in taxes to China every year, otherwise Tesla will return the land.

2018年，马斯克来到中国，试图用中国速度建设超级工厂，为特斯拉扩大产能。
短短三个月，马斯克就与上海达成了协议。
上海以10%的价格为特斯拉提供大块土地用于建厂，同时为供不应求的特斯拉提供185亿元贷款，年化利率低至 3.9%。
这两个条件相当于给特斯拉送钱，但上海也不赔钱。
因为马斯克在协议中承诺，从2023年开始，特斯拉上海超级工厂每年向中国缴纳不少于22.3亿元人民币的税款，否则特斯拉将退还土地。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

After signing the agreement, Musk learned what China speed is.
In October 2018, the agreement was officially signed.
In December 2018, all land has been leveled and all construction units have entered the site.
In January 2019, Tesla's Shanghai Factory officially started construction.
In November 2019, the Tesla Shanghai Factory was completed and all equipment was installed in place.
One month after commissioning, the assembly line was officially launched, and the entire factory began to run wildly.

签署协议后，马斯克才知道什么是中国速度。
2018年10月，协议正式签署。
2018年12月，土地全部平整完毕，施工单位全部进场。
2019年1月，特斯拉上海工厂正式开工建设。
2019年11月，特斯拉上海工厂落成，所有设备安装到位。
调试一个月后，流水线正式上线，整个工厂开始疯狂运转。

From the signing of the agreement to the completion of the factory, it took only one year, of which the construction period was only 10 months, far less than the 2-year construction period planned by Musk.
This is simply a miracle.
Since the sale of the first car at Tesla's Shanghai factory, Tesla's profits have exceeded interest expenses, and Tesla no longer has the pressure to break the capital chain.
To celebrate this historic moment, Musk even danced happily in public.

从协议签订到工厂建成，仅用了一年时间，其中工期仅10个月，远低于马斯克计划的2年工期。
这简直就是奇迹。
自从特斯拉上海工厂销售第一辆汽车后，特斯拉的利润已经超过了利息支出，特斯拉不再有资金链断裂的压力。
为了庆祝这一历史性时刻，马斯克甚至当众开心地手舞足蹈。

The Chinese factory is the first overseas super factory set up by Tesla, and it helped Musk solve a huge problem.
After a person tastes the sweetness, the first reaction is of course to copy his own past success.
Therefore, Musk decided to build a second overseas super factory.
This time, he chose Germany, the center of European automobile manufacturing.

中国工厂是特斯拉在海外设立的第一家超级工厂，帮助马斯克解决了一个巨大的难题。
一个人尝到甜头后，第一反应当然是复制自己过去的成功。
因此，马斯克决定在海外建设第二家超级工厂。
这一次，他选择了欧洲汽车制造中心德国。

Then, he was slapped in the face severely.
In November 2019, the month when Tesla's Shanghai factory was fully completed, Musk announced that it would build a super factory in Germany.
The site is located in Grunheide in Brandenburg, eastern Germany, only 24 miles from Berlin.
The government officials of Brandenburg welcome Tesla very much, because it will bring huge taxes and tens of thousands of job opportunities to the local area.
It can also bring hundreds of thousands of related jobs through the industry chain.
The benefits are too much. So they sold a 300 hectare plot of land to Tesla.
China built the Tesla Gigafactory in just 10 months?
Brandenburg State Minister of Economic Affairs Jörg Steinbach said:
"The Tesla team here is determined to beat the team in China, in a few weeks."
It seems that everything is developing in a better direction.
As a result, Musk did not expect that this was the beginning of a nightmare.
The land that Tesla took was ordinary, but it was not abandoned, and some artificial economic forests were planted on it.

然后，他的脸被狠狠地打了一巴掌。
2019年11月，特斯拉上海工厂全面竣工当月，马斯克宣布将在德国建设超级工厂。
该场地位于德国东部勃兰登堡州的格伦海德，距离柏林仅 24 英里。
勃兰登堡州的政府官员非常欢迎特斯拉，因为它会给当地带来巨额税收和数以万计的就业机会。
它还可以通过产业链带来数十万个相关工作岗位。
好处太多了。 因此，他们将 300 公顷的土地卖给了特斯拉。
中国仅用10个月建成特斯拉超级工厂？
勃兰登堡州经济事务部长 Jörg Steinbach 说：
“这里的特斯拉团队决心在几周内击败中国团队。”
似乎一切都在朝着更好的方向发展。
结果，马斯克没想到这是噩梦的开始。
特斯拉拿的土地很普通，但并没有被废弃，上面还种植了一些人工经济林。

After acquiring the land, first level the ground, that is, cut down these economic forests, and then cause trouble.
Environmentalists immediately came out to protest and took Tesla to court, saying that these trees cannot be cut down.
The man-made economic forest is also forest.
How could Tesla cut it casually? This is a serious damage to the local ecological environment.
After repeated negotiations, Tesla promised to replant more than three times the economic forest in other places, and finally settled the matter.
Then can the land be leveled?
Of course not.

拿到土地后，先把地平了，也就是把这些经济林砍掉，结果却惹来了是非。
环保人士立马出来抗议，将特斯拉告上法庭，称这些树不能砍。
人工经济林也是森林，特斯拉怎么能随便砍？ 这是对当地生态环境的严重破坏。
经过反复交涉，特斯拉承诺在其他地方补种三倍以上的经济林，最终将此事尘埃落定。
那么地能平吗？
当然不行。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Environmentalists also found that the Tesla Gigafactory consumes about 3.6 million cubic meters of water each year, which accounts for 30% of the local water supply.
Therefore, environmentalists say that the establishment of the Tesla factory will seriously consume the local water reserves.
And held a protest demonstration on January 18.
It seems that Tesla uses a lot of water, but there are actually only 8,700 residents in the area, and the Tesla factory alone has 12,000 employees in production.
Using 30% of the water does not seem excessive.
Not to mention that this is production water, not domestic water.
On the contrary, those 8,700 residents want 70% of the water, which I personally think is a bit too much.

环保人士还发现，特斯拉超级工厂每年消耗约360万立方米的水，占当地供水量的30%。
因此，环保人士表示，特斯拉工厂的建立将严重消耗当地的水资源储备。
并于1月18日举行抗议示威。
看似特斯拉用水量很大，但实际上该地区居民只有8700人，仅特斯拉工厂就有12000名员工从事生产。
使用30%的水似乎并不过分。
更何况这是生产用水，不是生活用水。
相反，我个人倒是觉得那8700个居民用70%的水有点过分了。

But it doesn't make sense, because the topic of water resources is regarded by some local political parties as an excellent opportunity to get the attention and votes, and they don't care whether Tesla is dead or not.
Christian Rechholz, chairman of the German Eco-Democratic Party, delivered a speech in various media, claiming that he was very disappointed with the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology:
"This confirms our biggest worry. Now there are even more land that will be poured with concrete without submitting an application. Tesla is trying to realize its own interests at the expense of European taxpayers. The protection of water, people, and nature is slowly disappearing like the rule of law!” “How can Peter Altmaier (the current German Minister of Economy) ignore the concerns of Brandenburg citizens about drinking water and nature reserves and let this family American companies have once again "temporarily started construction" at their own risk? We should not forget that their electric car factory has not yet obtained the final construction permit." "With the addition of the world's largest battery factory, Brandon Fort and Berlin will eventually become dry land. You cannot simply sacrifice our precious drinking water for profit. This huge fanaticism is threatening people and nature."

但双方还是没能达成沟通，因为水资源话题被一些地方政党视为获得关注和选票的绝佳机会，他们才不管特斯拉死不死。
德国生态民主党主席克里斯蒂安·雷克霍尔兹在多家媒体发表讲话，声称对德国联邦经济和技术部感到非常失望：
“这证实了我们最大的担忧：现在还有更多土地没提交申请就被浇上了混凝土。特斯拉试图以牺牲欧洲纳税人的利益来实现自己的利益。
对水、人和自然的保护正在像法治一样慢慢消失！”
“彼得·阿尔特迈尔（现任德国经济部长）怎么能无视勃兰登堡市民对饮用水和自然保护区的担忧，让这家美国企业再次“临时开工”，自担风险？我们不应忘记，他们的电动车工厂还没有拿到最终的施工许可。”
“随着世界上最大的电池工厂的入驻，布兰登堡和柏林最终将变成一片旱地。
你不能简单地为了利益就牺牲我们宝贵的饮用水。这种(对经济的)巨大狂热正在威胁着人类和自然。”

In short, some ordinary German citizens who have not even graduated from high school think that the chairman of the German Ecological Democratic Party is a good person, and sincerely considers the future of Germany, he must be voted for next time.
As a result, the voice of anti-Tesla became louder.
What to do?
After repeated negotiations, Tesla promised to reduce its water consumption.
Can you start work then?
Of course it still can't.

总之，一些连高中都没毕业的普通德国公民都认为德国生态民主党主席是个好人，真心为德国的未来着想，下次一定要投他一票。
于是，反特斯拉的声音越来越大。
该怎么办？
经过多次谈判，特斯拉承诺减少用水量。
那你可以开始工作了吗？
当然还是不行。

Environmentalists also claimed that the woods cut down by Tesla is a habitat for bats.
January 2020 is the hibernation season for them.
They should not be disturbed, otherwise they will die in large numbers. After the hibernation is over, the bats will enter the mating season, and then breed babies, so it can't be disturbed. You need to wait for the bat babies to grow up before cutting down the woods to give them time to move.
There is no way to negotiate this, and Tesla will blamed as a cold-blooded butcher in everything it says.
Therefore, Tesla urgently hired the German environmental protection agency to conduct a species survey on the entire forest area.
The investigation report showed that there were only 2 bats in the entire forest area.

环保人士还称，特斯拉砍伐的树林是蝙蝠的栖息地。
2020年1月是它们的冬眠季。
他们不应该被打扰，否则他们会大量死亡。 冬眠结束后，蝙蝠就会进入交配季节，然后繁殖幼崽，所以不能被打扰。 您需要等待蝙蝠宝宝长大，然后再砍伐树林，让它们有时间移动。
如没有就此达成协议，特斯拉将在有关于其的一切话题中被指责为冷血屠夫。
因此，特斯拉紧急聘请德国环保机构对整个森林区域进行物种调查。
调查报告显示，整个林区只有2只蝙蝠。

Therefore, Tesla claims that the construction of the factory will not cause any particularly serious impact.
On February 13, 2020, Tesla felt that he had done everything, and started logging wood and preparing to build a factory.
Then, environmentalists found in the species survey list that there are wolves, lizards, and even ants in this area, all of which must be protected.
Yes, Tesla must properly relocate the ant colony in this woods as required.
In short, environmentalists will never allow Tesla to completely clean up this forest, but after repeated negotiations and efforts, first level a small part of the land, and leave the rest to be negotiated later.

因此，特斯拉声称工厂的建设不会造成特别严重的影响。
2020年2月13日，特斯拉觉得自己已经做好了一切，开始伐木准备建厂。
接着，环保人士在物种调查名录中发现，这一带有狼、蜥蜴，甚至还有蚂蚁，都必须保护起来。
是的，特斯拉必须按照要求妥善安置这片树林中的蚁群。
总之，环保主义者绝不会允许特斯拉将这片森林彻底清理干净，而是经过反复的谈判和努力，先将一小部分土地夷为平地，剩下的留待以后谈判。

In April 2020, the first small piece of land was finally leveled.
The Tesla German team, which claimed to surpass the Chinese team, took a full 5 months to complete the land leveling step and leveled only part of the land. Dear, can we start?
Of course it is still not possible, because Tesla has to wait for construction permits.
The Tesla German team expects to obtain the construction permit in 7 months, and they will do their best to achieve this goal.
The reason why we have to wait so long is because the establishment of the Tesla factory is a political achievement for some government officials, but it is a source of trouble for some government officials. No one wants to get in trouble for Tesla.
For example, the Brandenburg State Department of Agriculture requires Tesla to use a special material during construction to protect groundwater sources.
Regarding the issue of groundwater protection, it took Tesla a month and a half to obtain the construction permit.

2020年4月，第一块小地终于平了。
号称超越中国队的特斯拉德国团队用了整整5个月的时间才完成了土地平整的步骤，而且只平整了一部分。 亲爱的，我们可以开始了吗？
当然现在还是不行，因为特斯拉要等施工许可。
特斯拉德国团队预计在7个月内拿到施工许可，他们将全力以赴实现这一目标。
之所以要等这么久，是因为特斯拉工厂的建立对一些政府官员来说是政绩，但对一些政府官员来说却是麻烦的源头。
没有人愿意给自己惹麻烦。
例如，勃兰登堡州农业部要求特斯拉在施工过程中使用一种特殊材料来保护地下水源。
关于地下水保护问题，特斯拉用了一个半月的时间才拿到施工许可证。

For example, the German environmental protection department believes that the vibration of the pile driver may affect the surrounding railways during the construction of the Tesla factory.
Therefore, Tesla must provide a safe construction plan and submit it for review.
This item took another month. There are also various construction permit approvals, and Tesla needs to meet the requirements of various government departments.
In short, by November 2020, Tesla, which took 7 months to go through the formalities, still has not obtained all the construction permits, and was forced to postpone the start date.
On December 7, 2020, when the remaining construction permits had not yet been obtained, environmentalists again found a hibernating snake underground in Tesla's woodland. . .

例如，德国环保部门认为，在特斯拉工厂建设过程中，打桩机的振动可能会影响到周边的铁路。
因此，特斯拉必须提供一份安全的施工方案，并提交审核。
这个项目又花了一个月。 还有各种施工许可审批，特斯拉需要满足各个政府部门的要求。
总之，到2020年11月，耗时7个月办完手续的特斯拉仍未拿到全部施工许可证，被迫推迟开工日期。
2020年12月7日，在剩余的施工许可证还没有拿到的时候，环保人士再次在特斯拉的林地地下发现了一条冬眠的蛇 . .. .

Oh my god, it's pretty good.
How can I interfere with Master Snake's hibernation in order to build a broken factory?
You have to wait for the end of Snake's hibernation to start work.
On December 8, 2020, the environmental protection organization received an emergency construction prohibition order from the court. . .
As a result, Tesla's dream of building a factory shattered again, although it was still a blank place as of December.

哦，我的上帝，这很不错。
你怎么能干扰蛇爷爷的冬眠，就为了建个破厂？
你必须等待蛇的休眠结束才能开始工作。
2020年12月8日，环保组织紧急收到了法院施工的禁令。 . .
于是，特斯拉的建厂梦再次破灭，12月了，这里还是一片空白。

On February 21, 2021, Lord Snake finally woke up.
The head of Tesla's German team was almost crying with excitement, so he ordered logging as soon as possible.

2021年2月21日，蛇先生终于苏醒了。
特斯拉德国团队的负责人激动得几乎要哭了，他下令尽快伐木。

but. . .
In April 2021, the Water Authority discovered that some of Tesla's water pipes had been installed without permission, and ordered Tesla to suspend work for rectification.
In May 2021, the German regulatory agency found that the construction permit for the 4680 battery production line at the Tesla factory lacked a so-called permit that can be used as a power battery, and ordered Tesla to apply for a special permit.
In June 2021, the environmental protection organization protested and suspected that Tesla could not control the toxic gas generated during construction. The environmental protection department asked Tesla to explain this and stop work for rectification.

但。 . .
2021年4月，水务局发现特斯拉部分水管被擅自安装，责令特斯拉停工整改。
2021年5月，德国监管机构发现特斯拉工厂4680电池生产线的施工许可证缺少所谓的可用作动力电池的许可证，责令特斯拉申请特别许可证。
2021年6月，环保组织提出抗议，怀疑特斯拉无法控制施工过程中产生的有毒气体。 环保部门要求特斯拉就此作出说明并停工整顿。

In July 2021, someone found some so-called chemical cans that were exposed at the Tesla construction site. This thing was not on the application documents and had not been approved by the government. So work was suspended, fined, and rectification ordered.
The reason why it is so easy to stop Tesla’s work is because Tesla has not obtained a complete construction permit until today, and various approvals have not been completed.
The Tesla German team has only obtained temporary construction permits for many activities.
Therefore, any government department can stop the construction progress of the Tesla Gigafactory.

2021年7月，有人在特斯拉建筑工地发现了一些所谓的裸露化学罐。这东西没有在申请文件上，也没有得到政府的批准。
于是停工、罚款、责令整改。
之所以这么容易就叫停特斯拉的工作，是因为特斯拉直到今天才拿到完整的施工许可证，各种审批也没有完成。
特斯拉德国团队的许多活动仅获得了临时施工许可证。
因此，任何政府部门都可以阻止特斯拉超级工厂的建设进度。

In July of this year, Musk had set the latest completion date for the factory. （And just to apply for an environmental protection permit, the thickness of the information reaches as much as 11,000 pages.）
As a result, Tesla's German factory was still seriously delayed.
From the beginning of land acquisition in November 2019, to July 2021, a total of 20 months have passed.

今年 7 月，马斯克为工厂设定了最晚的完工日期。 （而且光是申请环保许可证，资料厚度就达11000页之多。）
结果，特斯拉的德国工厂仍然严重延误。
从2019年11月开始征地，到2021年7月，一共过去了20个月。

Not to mention the completion, Tesla has not yet obtained the official construction permit from the German government!
Tesla sneakily engaged in a small project, and barely covered the building shell, but the inside was completely empty.

没完工不说，特斯拉甚至还没有拿到德国政府的正式施工许可！
特斯拉偷偷搞了一个小项目，勉强盖上了建筑外壳，里面却空空如也。

It is really too difficult to build a Tesla factory in Germany.

在德国建特斯拉工厂真的太难了。