时间旅行是可能的吗?(一)
2023-03-29 Natsuo 5530
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Prasad Atmaram
There is a nice story that goes like this. To check if time travel is ever possible, Stephen Hawking once invited all the time travelers to an invite only party. It was widely publicized, the time and place.Except, there was 1 catch. Since it was only for time travelers, the invite was sent after the party was over!Nobody came to the party.That should give you your answer.

有一个不错的故事是这样的。为了检验时间旅行是否有可能,斯蒂芬·霍金曾经邀请所有时间旅行者参加一个只邀请一人的聚会。它被广泛宣传,时间和地点都有。因为这只是针对时间旅行者的,所以邀请函是在聚会结束后发出的!没有人来参加这个聚会。

Paul Sober
Yes, time travel is indeed possible, and happens all the time.
We are all traveling forward in time, always. Of course, the question should probably be changed to say, "is abnormal time travel possible?" because you want to know if you can travel forward in time faster than normal, or backwards in time to the past. Again, the answer is yes.

是的,时间旅行确实是可能的,而且一直在发生。我们都在时间上向前旅行,一直如此。当然,这个问题也许应该改成 "非正常的时间旅行是否可能?"因为你想知道你是否可以比正常的时间旅行更快,或者向后退到过去。同样,答案是肯定的。

Traveling forward in time at a faster rate than you are used to is a simple matter of traveling at, or near, the speed of light. As you approach the speed of light, time will slow down for you, meaning it will speed up for the rest of us. If you travel away from the earth for 10 light years, at a speed that is close to the speed of light, then it would seem to you that you hadn't been traveling for very long at all. If you turn around and travel back, again at a speed that approaches the speed of light, then you would find upon returning that everyone other than you had aged 20 years during what seemed like a short amount of time for you.

以比你习惯的速度向前旅行是一个简单的问题,即以光速或接近光速旅行。当你接近光速时,时间对你来说会变慢,这意味着它对我们其他人来说会变快。如果你以接近光速的速度离开地球10光年,那么对你来说,你似乎根本就没有旅行很长时间。如果你转身回来,同样以接近光速的速度,那么你回来后会发现,除了你之外的所有人都在你看来很短的时间内老了20岁。

Going back in time is also possible, but it involves warping time with an intense amount of mass. We're talking about the mass of multiple suns condensed into the size of a golf-ball. The density would be so intense, that light would be unable to escape the pull of gravity near it. If you were able to approach this variation in time density at or near the speed of light, without being drawn in, and/or obliterated by the incredible gravity near the source of the warp, then theoretically, time could reverse for you only.

回到过去也是可能的,但它涉及到用大量的质量来扭曲时间。我们谈论的是多个太阳的质量被浓缩到一个高尔夫球的大小。密度会如此之大,以至于光将无法摆脱它附近的引力。如果你能够以光速或接近光速接近这种时间密度的变化,而不被扭曲的源头附近难以置信的引力所吸引和/或湮没,那么理论上,时间可能只为你逆转。

If someone could observe you during this voyage, which is impossible since light can't escape the anomaly, it would appear to them that you were actually traveling faster than the speed of light, which is also impossible.

如果有人能在这次航行中观察到你,这是不可能的,因为光不能逃脱异常点,在他们看来,你实际上比光速快,这也是不可能的。

Going backwards is much more theoretical than going forward, but it's easy to imagine if you can wrap your brain around the idea that time is just another dimension. It is just as real and variable as space, temperature or gravity, even though with time you normally only experience the slow, steady drag forward during your lifetime. Gravity was thought to be constant for a long time, but we know today that a person on the moon can jump a lot higher than a person on the earth and everyone experiences temperature fluctuations on a regular basis.

倒退比前进更具理论性,但如果你能把你的大脑包裹在时间只是另一个维度的想法上,那就很容易想象了。它和空间、温度或重力一样真实和可变,尽管随着时间的推移,你通常只会在一生中经历缓慢、稳定的向前拖动。引力在很长一段时间内被认为是恒定的,但我们今天知道,月球上的人可以跳得比地球上的人高得多,每个人都会定期经历温度波动。

Light is mostly energy, but also has some mass, and all mass is made up of energy. This exercise in relativity is the kind of thing that Einstein warmed up with.
Reading the Tao of Physics can clarify these concepts even more for you if you enjoyed the writing style of this article.

光主要是能量,但也有一些质量,所有的质量都是由能量组成的。这种相对论的练习正是爱因斯坦为之热身的那种东西。
如果你喜欢这篇文章的写作风格,阅读《物理之道》可以更清楚地明白这些概念。

Travis Voth
If time travel is possible, then the flow of time is an illusion.
Only if the past still somehow exists can one travel to it. Only if the future already somehow exists can one travel to it.

如果时间旅行是可能的,那么时间的流动就是一种幻觉。只有过去以某种方式存在,人们才能前往它。只有未来以某种方式已经存在,人们才能够前往它。

If the past still exists and the future already exists, then there really is no flow of time. If the past and future exist simultaneously, then the block universe view of time is correct.
In the block universe, every moment in time exists simultaneously in a block of space-time. Only in a block universe could one move about between different points in time. If time really flows, then the past no longer exists and the future does not now exist, so there is nowhere to travel to from the present.

如果过去仍然存在,而未来已经存在,那么就真的没有时间流动了。如果过去和未来同时存在,那么区块宇宙的时间观是正确的。在区块宇宙中,每一个时刻都同时存在于一个时空区块中。只有在一个块状宇宙中,一个人才能在不同的时间点之间移动。如果时间真的流动了,那么过去就不复存在,未来也不复存在了,所以从现在开始就无处可去了。

Thus, only within a block universe could one move about among different points in the past, present, and future.But to move about between different points in time would require that one be able to extricate oneself from space-time, which would mean leaving the universe (as the universe is the totality of space-time). Now, if our universe is all that there is, there is simply no way to leave it, so time travel would be impossible as one could not leave the universe.

因此,只有在一个区块宇宙中,人们才能在过去、现在和未来的不同点之间移动。
但是,在不同的时间点之间移动需要一个人能够从时空中解脱出来,这意味着离开宇宙(因为宇宙是时空的总和)。现在,如果我们的宇宙就是这样,就根本没有办法离开它,所以时间旅行是不可能的,因为人们不能离开宇宙。

If, on the other hand, our universe is one universe within a multiverse of many universes, it would be physically impossible to travel between our universe and another universe, so time travel would still be impossible in a multiverse.Moreover, to time travel, time would actually have to flow. Time travel could occur only if change were possible: for example, I did not exist in 1800. If I could time travel to 1800, then I would change a fact about 1800: namely, my existence in 1800. But change, real change, cannot exist in a block universe where the flow of time is illusory. If the block universe view of time is correct, then if I never existed in 1800, then nothing could ever change that fact because my non-existence in 1800 would simply be a fact about the universe; it is a fundamental feature of the existence of this realm of space-time that I did not/do not exist in 1800. If my existential status relative to 1800 were something capable of being changed, then we would not be living in a block universe.

另一方面,如果我们的宇宙是由许多宇宙组成的多元宇宙中的一个宇宙,那么在物理上不可能在我们的宇宙和另一个宇宙之间旅行,因此在多元宇宙中时间旅行仍然是不可能的。此外,对于时间旅行来说,时间实际上必须流动。只有在可能发生变化的情况下,时间旅行才会发生:例如,我在1800年并不存在。如果我能穿越到1800年,那么我会在1800年左右改变一个事实:即我在1800年的存在。但是,变化,真正的变化,不可能存在于时间流动是虚幻的区块宇宙中。如果区块宇宙的时间观是正确的,那么如果我在1800年从未存在过,那么没有什么能改变这个事实,因为我在1800的不存在只是关于宇宙的一个事实;我在1800年不存在,这是这个时空领域存在的一个基本特征。如果我相对于1800年的生存状态能够改变,那么我们就不会生活在一个区块宇宙中。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Thus, time travel both requires (a) a block universe where the flow of time is illusory and (b) the possibility that time actually flows; as (a) and (b) are contradictory, time travel is not possible.

因此,时间旅行既需要(a)一个时间流动是虚幻的块状宇宙,又需要(b)时间实际流动的可能性;由于(a)和(b)是矛盾的,时间旅行是不可能的。

Anish Latpate
Not surprisingly, time travel has always been considered impossible. After all, Newton believed that time was like an arrow; once fired, it soared in a straight, undeviating line. One second on the earth was one second on Mars. Clocks scattered throughout the universe beat at the same rate. Einstein gave us a much more radical picture. According to Einstein, time was more like a river, which meandered around stars and galaxies, speeding up and slowing down as it passed around massive bodies. One second on the earth was Not one second on Mars. Clocks scattered throughout the universe beat to their own distant drummer.

毫不奇怪,时间旅行一直被认为是不可能的。毕竟,牛顿认为时间就像一支箭;一旦发射,它就会以一条笔直的、不偏不倚的路线飞驰。地球上的一秒钟就是火星上的一秒钟。散落在宇宙中的时钟以同样的速度跳动。爱因斯坦给了我们一个更激进的画面。根据爱因斯坦的说法,时间更像是一条河流,它在恒星和星系周围徘徊,当它在大质量物体周围经过时,速度加快,速度减慢。地球上的一秒不是火星上的一秒。散布在宇宙中的时钟随着它们自己遥远的鼓点跳动。

However, before Einstein died, he was faced with an embarrassing problem. Einstein’s neighbor at Princeton, Kurt Goedel, perhaps the greatest mathematical logician of the past 500 years, found a new solution to Einstein’s own equations which allowed for time travel! The “river of time” now had whirlpools in which time could wrap itself into a circle. Goedel’s solution was quite ingenious: it postulated a universe filled with a rotating fluid. Anyone walking along the direction of rotation would find themselves back at the starting point, but backwards in time!

然而,在爱因斯坦去世前,他面临着一个尴尬的问题。爱因斯坦在普林斯顿的邻居库尔特-戈德尔,也许是过去500年中最伟大的数学逻辑学家,发现了爱因斯坦自己方程的一个新的解决方案,允许时间旅行, 时间之河 "现在有了漩涡,时间可以在其中绕成一个圈。戈德尔的解决方案非常巧妙:它假设了一个充满旋转流体的宇宙。任何沿着旋转方向行走的人都会发现自己回到了起点,但时间是倒退的!
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


In his memoirs, Einstein wrote that he was disturbed that his equations contained solutions that allowed for time travel. But he finally concluded: the universe does not rotate, it ex- pands (i.e. as in the Big Bang theory) and hence Goedel’s solution could be thrown out for “physical reasons.” (Apparently, if the Big Bang was rotating, then time travel would be possible throughout the universe!)

爱因斯坦在回忆录中写道,他的方程中包含了允许时间旅行的解,这让他感到不安。但他最终得出结论:宇宙不是旋转的,而是膨胀的(即在大爆炸理论中),因此戈德尔的解决方案可能会因为“物理原因”而被抛弃。(显然,如果大爆炸是旋转的,那么整个宇宙的时间旅行都是可能的!)

Then in 1963, Roy Kerr, a New Zealand mathematician, found a solution of Einstein’s equations for a rotating black hole, which had bizarre properties. The black hole would not collapse to a point (as previously thought) but into a spinning ring (of neutrons). The ring would be circulating so rapidly that centrifugal force would keep the ring from collapsing under gravity. The ring, in turn, acts like the Looking Glass of Alice. Anyone walking through the ring would not die, but could pass through the ring into an alternate universe. Since then, hundreds of other “wormhole” solutions have been found to Einstein’s equations.

然后在1963年,新西兰数学家罗伊-克尔(Roy Kerr)发现了爱因斯坦旋转黑洞方程的解决方案,该方案具有奇怪的特性。黑洞不会坍缩成一个点(像以前认为的那样),而是变成一个旋转的环(中子)。这个环会快速循环,以至于离心力会使环在重力作用下不会坍塌。而这个环的作用就像爱丽丝的望远镜。任何走过这个环的人都不会死,而是可以通过环进入另一个宇宙。从那时起,人们为爱因斯坦的方程找到了数百种其他的 "虫洞 "解决方案。

These wormholes connect not only two regions of space (hence the name) but also two regions of time as well. In principle, they can be used as time machines.

这些虫洞不仅连接两个空间区域(因此而得名),也连接两个时间区域。原则上,它们可以作为时间机器使用。

Recently, attempts to add the quantum theory to gravity (and hence create a “theory of everything”) have given us some insight into the paradox problem. In the quantum theory, we can have multiple states of any obxt. For example, an electron can exist simultaneously in different orbits (a fact which is responsible for giving us the laws of chemistry). Similarly, Schrodinger’s famous cat can exist simultaneously in two possible states: dead and alive. So by going back in time and altering the past, we merely create a parallel universe. So we are changing someone ELSE’s past by saving, say, Abraham Lincoln from being assassinated at the Ford Theater, but our Lincoln is still dead. In this way, the river of time forks into two separate rivers. But does this mean that we will be able to jump into H.G. Wells’ machine, spin a dial, and soar several hundred thousand years into England’s future? No. There are a number of difficult hurdles to overcome.

最近,将量子理论加入到引力中的尝试(从而创建一个 "万物理论")让我们对这个悖论问题有了一些了解。在量子理论中,我们可以有任何物体的多种状态。例如,一个电子可以同时存在于不同的轨道上(这一事实负责给我们提供化学规律)。同样,薛定谔的名猫可以同时存在于两种可能的状态:死和活。因此,通过回到过去,改变过去,我们只是创造了一个平行宇宙。因此,我们通过拯救亚伯拉罕-林肯在福特剧院被暗杀而改变了别人的过去,但我们的林肯仍然是死的。这样一来,时间之河就分岔成了两条独立的河流。但这是否意味着我们将能够跳进H.G.威尔斯的机器里,旋转一个转盘,然后翱翔到几十万年后的英国?不,还有一些困难的障碍需要克服。

First, the main problem is one of energy. In the same way that a car needs gasoline, a time machine needs to have fabulous amounts of energy. One either has to harness the power of a star, or to find something called “exotic” matter (which falls up, rather than down) or find a source of negative energy. (Physicists once thought that negative energy was impossible. But tiny amounts of negative energy have been experimentally verified for something called the Casimir effect, i.e. the energy created by two parallel plates). All of these are exceedingly difficult to obtain in large quantities, at least for several more centuries!

首先,主要问题是能源问题。就像汽车需要汽油一样,时间机器需要有大量的能量。我们必须利用恒星的力量,或者找到一种被称为 "奇异 "的物质(这种物质向上而不是向下坠落),或者找到一种负能量的来源。(物理学家曾经认为,负能量是不可能的。但是极少量的负能量已经被实验验证为叫做卡西米尔效应的东西,即两个平行板产生的能量)。所有这些都是极难大量获得的,至少在几个世纪内都是如此!

Then there is the problem of stability. The Kerr black hole, for example, may be unstable if one falls through it. Similarly, quantum effects may build up and destroy the wormhole before you enter it. Unfortunately, our mathematics is not powerful enough to answer the question of stability because you need a “theory of everything” which combines both quantum forces and gravity. At present, superstring theory is the leading candidate for such a theory (in fact, it is the ONLY candidate; it really has no rivals at all). But superstring theory, which happens to be my specialty, is still to difficult to solve completely. The theory is well-defined, but no one on earth is smart enough to solve it.

然后是稳定性的问题。例如,克尔黑洞,如果一个人落入其中,可能是不稳定的。同样,量子效应可能会在你进入虫洞之前就建立起来并摧毁它。不幸的是,我们的数学不够强大,无法回答稳定性的问题,因为你需要一个结合了量子力和引力的 "万物理论"。目前,超弦理论是这种理论的主要候选者(事实上,它是唯一的候选者;它真的没有对手)。但超弦理论,恰好是我的专长,仍然难以完全解决。该理论定义明确,但地球上没有人足够聪明来解决它。

Interestingly enough, Stephen Hawking once opposed the idea of time travel. He even claimed he had “empirical” evidence against it. If time travel existed, he said, then we would have been visited by tourists from the future. Since we see no tourists from the future, ergo: time travel is not possible. Because of the enormous amount of work done by theoretical physicists within the last 5 years or so, Hawking has since changed his mind, and now believes that time travel is possible (although not necessarily practical). (Furthermore, perhaps we are simply not very interesting to these tourists from the future. Anyone who can harness the power of a star would consider us to be very primitive. Imagine your friends coming across an ant hill. Would they bend down to the ants and give them trinkets, books, medicine, and power? Or would some of your friends have the strange urge to step on a few of them?)

有趣的是,霍金曾经反对过时间旅行的想法。他甚至声称他有反对它的 "经验 "证据。他说,如果时间旅行存在,那么我们就会被来自未来的游客访问。由于我们没有看到来自未来的游客,因此:时间旅行是不可能的。由于理论物理学家在过去五年左右所做的大量工作,霍金后来改变了主意,现在认为时间旅行是可能的(尽管不一定实用)。(此外,也许对于这些来自未来的游客来说,我们根本就不太感兴趣)。任何能够利用恒星的力量的人都会认为我们是非常原始的。想象一下,你的朋友们遇到了一座蚂蚁山。他们会向蚂蚁弯腰,给它们饰品、书籍、药品和力量吗?或者你的一些朋友会不会有一种奇怪的冲动,想踩死几只蚂蚁?)

In conclusion, don’t turn someone away who knocks at your door one day and claims to be your future great-great-great grandchild. They may be right.

总之,不要拒绝那些有一天敲开你的门并声称是你未来曾曾曾孙的人。他们可能是真的。

Kartikaye Bhardwaj
We all travel in time. During the last year, I've moved forward one year and so have you. Another way to say that is that we travel in time at the rate of 1 hour per hour.
But the question is, can we travel in time faster or slower than "1 hour per hour"? Or can we actually travel backward in time, going back, say 2 hours per hour, or 10 or 100 years per hour?

我们都在时间中旅行。在过去的一年里,我向前走了一年,你也是。另一种说法是,我们以每小时1小时的速度进行时间旅行。但问题是,我们的时间旅行能否比 "每小时1小时 "更快或更慢?或者说,我们能不能真正地在时间上往回走,比如说每小时2小时,或者每小时10年或100年?

It is mind-boggling to think about time travel. What if you went back in time and prevented your father and mother from meeting? You would prevent yourself from ever having been born! But then if you hadn't been born, you could not have gone back in time to prevent them from meeting.

思考一下时间旅行是令人匪夷所思的。如果你回到过去,阻止你的父亲和母亲见面,会怎么样?你会阻止你自己的出生!但如果你没有出生,你就不可能回到过去阻止他们!

The great 20th century scientist Albert Einstein developed a theory called Special Relativity. The ideas of Special Relativity are very hard to imagine because they aren't about what we experience in everyday life, but scientists have confirmed them. This theory says that space and time are really aspects of the same thing—space-time. There's a speed limit of 300,000 kilometers per second (or 186,000 miles per second) for anything that travels through space-time, and light always travels the speed limit through empty space.

20世纪伟大的科学家阿尔伯特-爱因斯坦提出了一个叫做狭义相对论的理论。狭义相对论的思想非常难以想象,因为它们不是关于我们在日常生活中所经历的,但科学家已经证实了它们。这个理论说,空间和时间实际上是同一事物的各个方面--时空。对于任何在时空中旅行的东西来说,有一个每秒30万公里(或每秒18.6万英里)的速度限制,而光在空旷的空间中总是以极限速度旅行。
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Special Relativity also says that a surprising thing happens when you move through space-time, especially when your speed relative to other obxts is close to the speed of light. Time goes slower for you than for the people you left behind. You won't notice this effect until you return to those stationary people.

狭义相对论还说,当你在时空中移动时,特别是当你相对于其他物体的速度接近于光速时,会发生一件令人惊讶的事情。你的时间比你留下的人的时间要慢。你不会注意到这种影响,直到你回到那些静止的人身边。
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Say you were 15 years old when you left Earth in a spacecraft traveling at about 99.5% of the speed of light (which is much faster than we can achieve now), and celebrated only five birthdays during your space voyage. When you get home at the age of 20, you would find that all your classmates were 65 years old, retired, and enjoying their grandchildren! Because time passed more slowly for you, you will have experienced only five years of life, while your classmates will have experienced a full 50 years.This is known as the “twins paradox”

假设你在15岁时乘坐航天器离开地球,以大约99.5%的光速飞行(这比我们现在能达到的速度快得多),在太空航行中只庆祝了五个生日。当你20岁回家时,你会发现你所有的同学都已经65岁了,已经退休了,正在享受他们的孙子孙女!因为你的时间过的比较慢,所以你会发现你的同学们都在享受他们的生活!因为时间对你来说过的更慢,你将只经历了5年的生活,而你的同学却经历了整整50年。这被称为 "双胞胎悖论"

So, if your journey began in 2003, it would have taken you only 5 years to travel to the year 2053, whereas it would have taken all of your friends 50 years. In a sense, this means you have been time traveling. This is a way of going to the future at a rate faster than 1 hour per hour.

因此,如果你的旅程从2003年开始,你只花了5年的时间就到了2053年,而你所有的朋友却花了50年。在某种意义上,这意味着你一直在进行时间旅行。这是一种以每小时超过1小时的速度去往未来的方式。

Time travel of a sort also occurs for obxts in gravitational fields. Einstein had another remarkable theory called General Relativity, which predicts that time passes more slowly for obxts in gravitational fields (like here on Earth) than for obxts far from such fields. So there are all kinds of space and time distortions near black holes, where the gravity can be very intense.

在引力场中的物体也会发生某种程度的时间旅行。爱因斯坦有另一个非凡的理论,叫做广义相对论,它预测在引力场中的物体(如地球上的物体)的时间流逝比远离这种场的物体更慢。所以在黑洞附近有各种空间和时间的扭曲,那里的引力可能非常强烈。

In the past few years, some scientists have used those distortions in space-time to think of possible ways time machines could work. In all time travel theories allowed by real science, there is no way a traveler can go back in time to before the time machine was built. But there may be an out to be found in general relativity, Einstein’s theory of gravity that unites space and time as “spacetime”, which curves in the presence of mass. It allows for the possibility of wormholes – a kind of tunnel through spacetime connecting otherwise very distant parts of the universe.

在过去的几年里,一些科学家利用这些时空的扭曲来思考时间机器可能的工作方式。在真正的科学所允许的所有时间旅行理论中,旅行者不可能回到时间机器建成之前。但在广义相对论中可能会有出路,爱因斯坦的引力理论将空间和时间统一为 "时空",在有质量的情况下会出现曲线。它允许出现虫洞的可能性--一种穿越时空的隧道,连接宇宙中其他非常遥远的部分。

If the “mouths” of the wormhole are moving relative to one another, then traversing the bridge between different points in space would also take a traveller to a different point in time to that in which she started.

如果虫洞的 "口 "是相对于彼此移动的,那么在空间的不同点之间穿越桥梁也会把旅行者带到与她开始时不同的时间点。

However it would still be impossible to go back further in time than the point at which the wormhole was created, limiting the options for travel somewhat - and possibly explaining why we haven’t encountered any visitors from the future. If any natural wormholes were formed in the Big Bang, it might be possible to travel to a limited number of points in the past and in the distant universe, but wouldn’t enable one to flit around the cosmos at will as the Doctor seems to do.

然而,它仍然不可能回到比虫洞产生时更远的时间,这在一定程度上限制了旅行的选择--也可能解释了为什么我们没有遇到任何来自未来的访客。如果在宇宙大爆炸中形成了任何自然虫洞,那么就有可能前往过去和遥远宇宙中的有限几个点,但不会像博士那样让人随意在宇宙中飞翔。

More restrictively still, theoretical work by Kip Thorne of Caltech using a partial unification of general relativity with quantum physics suggested that any wormhole that allows time travel would collapse as soon as it formed.Thorne did, however, resolve an apparent issue that could arise due to by time travel (within the confines of general relativity). The “grandfather paradox” involves going back in time and accidentally killing one’s grandfather before one’s father is conceived - preventing one’s own birth, making it impossible to go back in time and kill one’s grandfather. Thorne found that for point masses traversing a wormhole, no initial conditions create this type of paradox.

更有限制性的是,加州理工学院的基普-索恩(Kip Thorne)利用广义相对论与量子物理学的部分统一所做的理论工作表明,任何允许时间旅行的虫洞都会在形成后立即崩溃。然而,索恩确实解决了一个明显的问题,即由于时间旅行(在广义相对论的范围内)而可能产生的问题。"祖父悖论 "涉及到回到过去,在父亲受孕之前意外地杀死了自己的祖父--阻止了自己的出生,使得自己不可能回到过去杀死自己的祖父。索恩发现,对于穿越虫洞的点质量,没有初始条件会产生这种类型的悖论。

I am confident time travel into the future is possible, but we would need to develop some very advanced technology to do it. We could travel 10,000 years into the future and age only 1 year during that journey. However, such a trip would consume an extraordinary amount of energy. Time travel to the past is more difficult. We do not understand the science as well.
Actually, scientists and engineers who plan and operate some space missions must account for the time distortions that occur because of both General and Special Relativity. These effects are far too small to matter in most human terms or even over a human lifetime. However, very tiny fractions of a second do matter for the precise work necessary to fly spacecraft throughout the solar system.

我相信时间旅行到未来是可能的,但我们需要开发一些非常先进的技术来做到这一点。我们可以穿越到未来一万年,而在这段旅程中,我们的年龄只有一岁。然而,这样的旅行会消耗大量的能量。到过去的时间旅行则更难。我们对科学并不了解。实际上,计划和操作一些太空任务的科学家和工程师必须考虑到由于广义和狭义相对论而发生的时间扭曲。这些影响太小了,在大多数人看来,甚至在人的一生中都不重要。然而,非常微小的几分之一秒对于在整个太阳系飞行的航天器所需的精确工作来说确实很重要。

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