混乱的撤离行动象征着美国在苏丹的失败
2023-05-06 杏子 10136
正文翻译

By Josh Rogin
For most Americans, the U.S. government’s chaotic approach to Sudan became clear only last month when fighting erupted, causing thousands of U.S. citizens to scramble for safety. But for close Sudan-watchers, the disordered evacuation effort is only the latest incident in years of failed policy.

对大多数美国人来说,美国政府对苏丹的混乱态度直到上个月才变得清晰起来,当时爆发了冲突,导致数千名美国公民争先恐后地寻求安全。但对于密切关注苏丹问题的人来说,混乱的撤离行动只是多年来政策失败的最新事故。

Since April 15, when Sudan’s two most powerful generals started attacking each other, the country has descended into widespread violence, leading Sudanese and foreign nationals alike to flee the capital, Khartoum. On Monday, the United Nations warned that the humanitarian crisis in Sudan is on the verge of becoming a “full-blown catastrophe” and, if the fighting continues, 800,000 potential refugees could cause a regional crisis.

自4月15日苏丹两位最有权势的将军开始互相攻击以来,这个国家陷入了大范围的暴力冲突,导致苏丹人和外国人纷纷逃离首都喀土穆。星期一,联合国警告说,苏丹的人道主义危机正处于“全面灾难”的边缘,如果战斗继续下去,80万潜在的难民可能会引发一场地区危机。

The U.S. government seems to have been caught off-guard. On April 23, military helicopters evacuated the embassy in Khartoum, but the Biden administration said security conditions prevented the rescue of private American citizens, leaving many to seek help from other nations. While several other countries evacuated their people, Americans on the ground lamented their government’s lack of support as they made life-or-death decisions.

美国政府似乎对此措手不及。4月23日,军用直升机撤离了驻喀土穆大使馆,但拜登政府表示,由于安全状况不允许营救美国公民,许多人不得不向其他国家寻求帮助。当其他几个国家撤离他们的人民时,美国人在地面上哀叹政府在他们做出生死决定时缺乏支持。

After days of criticism, on April 29, the U.S. Defense Department deployed armed drones to protect a convoy of Americans making the harrowing trip from Khartoum to Port Sudan. Two more such convoys have since arrived in Port Sudan. In Washington, lawmakers in both parties had been calling on the administration to prepare for such a scenario.

经过几天的批评,4月29日,美国国防部部署了武装无人机,以保护从喀土穆前往苏丹港的美国车队。此后又有两个这样的车队抵达苏丹港。在华盛顿,两党议员一直在呼吁政府为这种情况做好预案。

“The violence and ongoing crisis in Sudan are no surprise to anyone paying attention,” James Risch (Idaho), the ranking Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, told me. “Why the administration, which has been working on this issue from day one, did not see the troop build-up in Khartoum or other warning signs as sufficient reason to act speaks to the more significant failures of its policy.”

“苏丹的暴力和持续的危机对于任何关注此事的人来说都不会感到意外,”参议院外交关系委员会的共和党高级委员詹姆斯·里施(来自爱达荷州)告诉我。“为什么这届政府从一开始就在处理这个问题,却没有把喀土穆的军队集结或其他警告信号视为采取行动的充分理由,这反映出政策的更重大失败。”

As national security adviser Jake Sullivan pointed out, Sudan is not Afghanistan, where the United States had special obligations. Nevertheless, it’s hard not to notice that in both circumstances, the administration had no good plan to get Americans out, and then struggled to come up with one on the fly.

正如国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文所指出的,苏丹并不是美国在阿富汗拥有特殊责任的情况。然而,不难注意到,在这两种情况下,政府都没有好的计划来让美国人撤离,然后也很难在匆忙中想出一个。

The larger U.S. policy failure in Sudan dates back at least to 2019. That’s when soldiers loyal to Sudanese Army Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and those loyal to Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, the head of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), overthrew Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir following popular protests. The two forces are now fighting each other.

美国在苏丹更大的政策失败至少可以追溯到2019年。当时,忠于苏丹陆军将军阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·布尔汉的士兵和忠于民兵快速反应支援部队(RSF)负责人穆罕默德·哈姆丹·达加洛将军的士兵在民众抗议之后推翻了苏丹总统奥马尔·哈桑·巴希尔。这两股势力正在交战。

After Bashir was deposed, U.S. congressional leaders in both parties began calling for more diplomatic attention and resources to support Sudan’s transition to democracy. But the Trump and Biden administrations did little to either advance that reform or convince the two generals that there would be consequences if they broke their promises.

在巴希尔被罢黜后,美国国会两党领导人开始呼吁更多的外交关注和资源,以支持苏丹向民主过渡。但特朗普和拜登政府几乎没有推进改革,也没有让两位将军相信,如果他们违背承诺,将会有恶果。

In October 2021, the generals stamped out the civilian leadership for good. But President Biden failed to impose sanctions on them for their power grab, human rights violations and increasing state corruption. As the infighting intensified, the United States ceded international diplomatic leadership to other countries and failed to properly support civil society groups opposed to military rule.

2021年10月,将军们彻底消灭了文职领导人。但拜登总统未能对他们的权力攫取、侵犯人权和日益严重的国家腐败实施制裁。随着内讧的加剧,美国将国际外交领导权让给了其他国家,也未能适当地支持反对军事统治的民间社会团体。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


“Sudan is a prime example of what happens when the United States does not mean what it says and seeks short-term solutions to long-term problems,” Risch said.

苏丹是一个典型的例子,说明当美国不说到做到,寻求短时间解决长期问题时会发生什么,”里什说。

To be sure, in the past two weeks, Secretary of State Antony blxen has been active on Sudan, getting involved in the evacuation efforts and working to establish a meaningful cease-fire. But this stands in contrast to the lack of high-level attention paid to the country over the past two years.

可以肯定的是,在过去的两周里,国务卿安东尼·布林肯在苏丹问题上非常活跃,参与了撤侨和努力促成有意义的停火。但这与过去两年来高层对该国缺乏关注形成了鲜明对比。

John Godfrey, the American ambassador to Sudan, assumed office only last September. The State Department’s special envoy for the Horn of Africa, Ambassador Mike Hammer, is the third person to hold that job in two years. Officials say that bureaucratic turf struggles within the State Department’s Africa bureau have limited his authority on the Sudan problem.

美国驻苏丹大使约翰·戈弗雷去年9月才上任。美国国务院非洲之角特使迈克·哈默大使是两年内第三位担任该职位的人。有关官员说,国务院非洲局内部的官僚争斗限制了他在苏丹问题上的权力。

Many experts say that democratic transition in Sudan was a long shot and imposing sanctions on the generals would not have been effective. But they, too, say the administration has mishandled the policy. If the Biden team didn’t want to bet on actual reform, they argue, it should have at least played a larger role in shaping events.

许多专家表示,苏丹的民主过渡希望渺茫,对将军们实施制裁不会奏效。但他们也表示,政府在政策上处理不当。他们认为,如果拜登团队不想把赌注押在实际的改革上,他们至少应该在塑造事态方面发挥更大的作用。

“We kind of pretended there was a transition when there wasn’t one,” said J. Peter Pham, a distinguished fellow at the Atlantic Council and a former U.S. special envoy for the Sahel region. “We should have been engaging both parties with a plan to move things along rather than wagging fingers at them.”

“我们有点假装有一个过渡,但实际上没有,”大西洋理事会杰出研究员、前美国撒赫勒地区特使J. Peter Pham说。“我们应该与两个派别进行接触,制定推进事情的计划,而不是对他们指手画脚。”

Now, the United States has no diplomatic presence on the ground. To increase U.S. engagement in Sudan at this point would be difficult. But the United States should not simply stand aside and watch Africa’s third-largest country further descend into crisis.

现在,美国在苏丹没有外交存在。在这个时候增加美国在苏丹的参与将是困难的。但美国不应该简单地站在一旁看着非洲第三大国进一步陷入危机。

Biden talks a big game about democracy, but his team has often taken a hands-off approach to countries struggling with democratic transitions. The president’s obxtive in the Middle East and North Africa has been described as “no more failed states.” In Sudan, that policy has failed.

拜登在民主方面大言不惭,但他的团队在许多国家的民主过渡问题上经常采取不干预的方法。在中东和北非,总统的目标被描述为“不再有失败的国家”。在苏丹,这一政策已经失败了。

原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


评论翻译
komisarka
OMG. I have been waiting for this editorial because it was entirely predictable from the moment the fighting started in Khartoum.
What utter BS. If 16,000 people who have American citizenship decide to go live in Khartoum, Sudan, well the US govt doesn't owe them instantaneous evacuation at the drop of a hat. I'm not sure it owes them evacuation at all.
Sudan has been a level 4 US State Dept do not travel to country for 4 years. You went anyways? Best of luck to you.

我的天啊.。我一直在等待这篇社评,因为从喀土穆的战斗开始就可以完全预见到。
真是胡说八道。如果有16,000名拥有美国国籍的人决定前往苏丹喀土穆居住,美国政府并不欠他们立即撤离的责任。我甚至不确定政府是否应该撤离他们。
苏丹已经成为美国国务院4级不宜前往的国家已经有4年时间了。你还是去了?祝你好运。

Amanda from Indiana
I really hate these columns that are based on two faulty assumptions 1) if American had taken different actions, all would be well and 2) America is responsible for the safety of all US citizens worldwide, regardless of their own choices that may put themselves potentially in harm’s way.
The world has its fair share of chaotic places; extracting any large number of persons from those places will always be difficult and disorderly.

我真的很讨厌这些基于两个错误假设的专栏文章:1)如果美国采取了不同的行动,一切都会好起来;2)美国对全球所有美国公民的安全负责,而不考虑他们自己的选择可能会把自己置于危险之中。世界上有许多混乱的地方;从这些地方撤离任何大量的人总是困难和混乱的。

jaltman1
Does the United States have any control over when foreign warlords decide they want to begin fighting each other?

美国能否控制外国军阀决定何时开始互相打仗?
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Kidshank to jaltman1
And why should we care?

我们为什么要关心呢?
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


AEWilson to jaltman1
Also citizens willingly living under an unstable junta should probably not expect the full resources of a nation that is potentially unable to pay its bills because of hardline Republicans.

此外,愿意生活在一个不稳定的军政府下的公民可能不应该指望一个可能因为强硬的共和党人而无法支付其账单的国家的全部资源。

caw40
Why is responsibility always deemed the responsibility of the government. When people are living in an unstable dangerous country, why did they not depart. The problem with Sudan is not new. So Rogin stop the blame game on our government and ask why did these people now trapped in Sudan not leave. They are like the people in a hurricane who know disaster is approaching and yet refuse to leave their homes but expect to be rescued when they are on the roof of their homes.

为什么责任总是被认为是政府的责任?当人们生活在一个不稳定危险的国家,他们为什么不离开。苏丹的问题并不新鲜。所以罗金停止指责我们的政府,问问为什么这些被困在苏丹的人不离开。他们就像飓风中的人们,知道灾难即将来临,却拒绝离开家园,却期待着在屋顶上被救出。

TimelyWriter to caw40
......
......
SomeguyinUtah
Not sure how anything going on in Sudan is the fault of the US, but since mr rogin seems intent on slamming biden because, well why not?

不确定苏丹发生的任何事情如何成为美国的责任,但是由于罗金先生似乎有意识地抨击拜登,因为,嗯,为什么不呢?

Khan20
How exactly is an orderly evacuation possible from warzones ? Sudan or Afghanistan the only way to get out was what you saw before you. This is attacking the government for the sake of attacking.

如何从战争区域有序撤离?无论是苏丹还是阿富汗,唯一的出路就是你所看到的。这篇文章纯粹是攻击政府。

Subscriber 13
Rogin's analysis is made for television, not serious consideration. Why would any thoughtful person interested in global politics purchase this guy's book? "For most Americans ... " is a false statement. Most American, unfortunately, do not have any clue about Sudan; secondly, it's a weak opener- one a high schooler would pen. Next, to cite James Risch, an uniformed Republican who supported Trump- when the real failure in administrative leadership occurred related to Sudan- and who was an election-denier, serves to trash any credibility Rogin might have among his viewers. Maybe President Biden's administration was ill-prepared. I wonder if there were other, more pressing global issues. Rogin has very little to offer as a journalist-pundit, except identifying as a topical talking head.

罗金的分析是为电视节目制作的,不是严肃的思考。为什么任何一个对全球政治感兴趣的有思考能力的人会购买这个家伙的书?“对于大多数美国人来说......”是一个错误的说法。不幸的是,大多数美国人不了解苏丹,其次,这是一个虚弱的开场白,一个高中生都可以写。接下来,引用詹姆斯·里什,一个支持特朗普的无知共和党人,当行政领导层的真正失败与苏丹有关时,他成为了选举否认者,破坏了罗金在观众中可能具有的任何可信度。也许拜登政府准备不足。我想知道是否有其他更紧迫的全球问题。罗金作为一名记者专家,除了充当话题的谈话者外,几乎没有什么可提供的。

Kay Robinett
And what if the personal responsibility of the people who chose to travel or live there despite strong warnings from the government? Yes, our embassy personnel deserve an evacuation — but why do all of the others, who chose to put themselves into danger?

如果不顾政府的强烈警告,选择在那里旅行或生活的人的个人责任呢?是的,我们的使馆人员应该撤离——但为什么其他所有选择将自己置于危险之中的人也要得到撤离呢?

midea
Seriously WaPo?

华盛顿邮报认真的吗?

realist351
There must be someone on staff who understands what the Departments o Defense and State do and do not do. But they let this guy write about this?

工作人员中一定有人了解国防部和国务院做什么和不做什么。但他们让这家伙写这些?

ThomasZ
Nobody and I mean absolutely nobody, is buying this guy's crap. Wait a minute, maybe Marc Thiessen is.

绝对没有人会相信这个家伙的胡说八道。等等,也许马克·蒂森会。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Jack NJ
Joe, I don’t want my son redeployed again because some people ignored warnings to stay out of Sudan. Time they stepped up to assume responsibility for their own poor choices.

乔,我不想让我儿子因为有人无视远离苏丹的警告而再次被调离。他们是时候站出来为自己糟糕的选择承担责任了。

lobbyistnot to Jack NJ
Amen (but still grateful for your son's devotion to duty)

阿门(但仍然感谢你的儿子对职责的忠诚)

Jettstream
Please just stop this sewage.

请停止泼这些污水。

bobfonow
Biden's fault that Sudan is in a civil war? No. Not Biden's fault or the fault of the United States. Americans living abroad in unstable countries are in a perilous position. The US is doing as much as possible in a difficult geography.

是拜登的错让苏丹陷入内战的吗?不。这不是拜登的错,也不是美国的错。生活在不稳定国家的美国人处境危险。在一个困难的地理环境下,美国正在尽可能多地采取行动。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Olddear
There has been chaos in Sudan for many years. But I have no doubt it's Biden's fault, along with the nurse's strike in Great Britain and the cold weather in France

苏丹多年来一直处于混乱状态。但我毫不怀疑这是拜登的错,还有英国护士的罢工和法国的寒冷天气

K C Kovar to Olddear
yup

没错。

oldcurm to Olddear
It's not like Sudan has anything like a peaceful past. Anybody else seen the 1966 movie "Khartoum" about the 1884-1885 siege of Khartoum? We should never get involved in a country's civil war. The "Princess Bride" line: “You fool! You fell victim to one of the classic blunders! The most famous is to never get involved in a land war in Asia.” works just as well for Africa.

苏丹从来没有和平的过去。还有其他人看过关于1884年至1885年的喀土穆围城战的1966年电影《喀土穆》吗?我们不应该介入一个国家的内战。《公主新娘》中的经典台词:“你这个傻瓜!你成了经典错误的受害者之一!最著名的错误就是不要介入亚洲的陆地战争。”同样适用于非洲。

Lamar72
Mr. Rogin, please volunteer to be air dropped in, Rambo style, to help.

罗金先生,请自愿空投,像兰博一样,来帮忙吧。

IceAger
What a horrid, self-centered essayist. Why WaPo keeps punishing his columns is beyond reason.
At any rate, war is chaotic. The U.S. did the best it could under those circumstances.
Since it is obvious that Mr. Rogin, one of many false patriots, hates America, he is encouraged to leave.

这是一个多么可怕和以自我为中心的评论家啊。华盛顿邮报为什么会继续发布他的专栏文章,实在是没有道理。
无论如何,战争是混乱的。在那些情况下,美国尽了最大努力。
由于很明显罗金先生是众多伪爱国者之一,他讨厌美国,他应当被鼓励离开。

Breckasaurus
Up next: Surprise attack on goat herd in rural Tajikistan. WHY WAS AMERICA CAUGHT UNPREPARED??

下一篇:塔吉克斯坦农村山羊群遭遇突然袭击。为什么美国措手不及??

Harvey
There's a lot of things the US government doesn't do too well- this is only one of them. But, knowing this, anybody that hung around Sudan the last few months, hoping that Uncle Sam was going to bail them out, is completely clueless.

美国政府做得不好的事情有很多,这只是其中之一。但是,知道了这一点,任何在过去几个月里徘徊在苏丹的人,都希望山姆大叔会帮助他们摆脱困境,这是完全愚蠢的。

jerseymikews
Sudan has been on level 4 do not travel since 2019, why are so many americans allowed to go to any of the 19 countries on level 4 and if they go they should be at their own risk and don't cry for help and all the embassies should have no spouse or children allowed to these countries

苏丹自2019年以来一直处于不要前往的四级警示状态,为什么还允许那么多美国人前往这19个四级警示国家?如果他们去了,就应该自己承担风险,不要哭求帮助,所有的使馆官员都不应该允许配偶或孩子前往这些国家。

cricket35 to jerseymikews
Americans were warned since 2019 and still they are there. No one is to blame but themselves. As usual, Americans feel they are entitled to ignore the warnings from the State Department yet expect the government to bail them out. Many of those who have ignored the warnings are dual citizens of Sudan and the U.S. At some point, you have to take responsibility for your actions or lack thereof. Stop blaming the government when you've been warned.

自2019年以来已经警告了美国人,但他们仍然在那里。没有人能被指责,除了他们自己。像往常一样,美国人认为自己有权无视国务院的警告,但却希望政府救援他们。忽略这些警告的人中有很多是苏丹和美国的双重国籍者。在某个时刻,你必须对自己的行为或不作为负责。当你已经被警告了,就别再责怪政府了。

Miss PE
LOL. "For most Americans, the U.S. government’s chaotic approach to Sudan became clear only last month when fighting erupted..."
Most Americans couldn't find Sudan on a globe in half an hour.
I've got Sudan in the not our problem to fix column.

哈哈“对大多数美国人来说,美国政府对苏丹的混乱态度直到上个月才变得清晰起来……”
大多数美国人花半小时也找不到苏丹在地球仪上的位置。
我将苏丹列入“不是我们要解决的问题”的一栏。

rtc1
Every country is having trouble getting their citizens out of Sudan. The news media in Canada are also getting their knickers in a twist over this and the opposition parties are blaming it on Trudeau just as Biden is being blamed in the US.
Over the years journalist have moved from simply reporting the news to being public scolds, looking for scandals everywhere. This has a corrosive effect on public confidence in our institutions. It becomes difficult to separate real misbehaviour and incompetence from the normal messy business of governing. I have found, in my own life, that the loudest voices of criticism are often from people who have never had great responsibility.
Christians ask themselves “what would Jesus do”? Americans should ask themselves “what would Trump do? ” and be grateful Joe is in the White House.

每个国家都很难将其公民从苏丹撤离。加拿大的新闻媒体也被这件事弄得心烦意乱,反对党把责任归咎于特鲁多,就像拜登在美国受到指责一样。
多年来,记者们已经从单纯的报道新闻变成了公开的骂人者,到处寻找丑闻。这对公众对我们机构的信心产生了腐蚀性影响。这使得很难区分真正的不端行为和无能从而与治理中的正常混乱区分开来。我发现,在我自己的生活中,最响亮的批评声音往往来自那些从未承担过重大责任的人。
基督徒问自己“耶稣会怎么做?”美国人应该问问自己:“特朗普会怎么做?”感谢乔还在白宫。

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