如果法国不介入，美国独立战争的结果会有什么变化？
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Cole Shultz
The Americans would have lost. Simple as that.
The French decided to help the Americans in the Revolutionary War for two main reasons:
1.They Hated the British
The French and British had a deep hatred of one another at that time in history. The British had just defeated France in the Seven Years War (French and Indian War to fellow Americans), resulting in France losing her North American colonies. So when the French had the opportunity to take away some of Britain’s North American colonies, they were more than eager to take it. The only problem? Britain had an extremely successful army, and an unrivaled navy. Many French were afraid to directly attack the British, out of fear of losing again. However,the Battle of Saratoga was a major blow for the British, and that brings us to reason #2
美国人会失败。这很简单。法国决定帮助美国进行独立战争的主要原因有两个：
1.他们憎恨英国
当时，法国和英国深深憎恨对方。英国刚刚在七年战争（美国人称之为法印战争）中击败了法国，导致法国失去了其北美殖民地。因此，当法国有机会夺取英国的一些北美殖民地时，他们更加热衷于这样做。唯一的问题是，英国拥有极为成功的军队和无与伦比的海军。许多法国人害怕直接攻击英国，因为他们担心再次失败。然而，萨拉托加战役对英国造成了重大打击，这就带来了第二个原因。
The Americans would have lost. Simple as that.
The French decided to help the Americans in the Revolutionary War for two main reasons:
1.They Hated the British
The French and British had a deep hatred of one another at that time in history. The British had just defeated France in the Seven Years War (French and Indian War to fellow Americans), resulting in France losing her North American colonies. So when the French had the opportunity to take away some of Britain’s North American colonies, they were more than eager to take it. The only problem? Britain had an extremely successful army, and an unrivaled navy. Many French were afraid to directly attack the British, out of fear of losing again. However,the Battle of Saratoga was a major blow for the British, and that brings us to reason #2
美国人会失败。这很简单。法国决定帮助美国进行独立战争的主要原因有两个：
1.他们憎恨英国
当时，法国和英国深深憎恨对方。英国刚刚在七年战争（美国人称之为法印战争）中击败了法国，导致法国失去了其北美殖民地。因此，当法国有机会夺取英国的一些北美殖民地时，他们更加热衷于这样做。唯一的问题是，英国拥有极为成功的军队和无与伦比的海军。许多法国人害怕直接攻击英国，因为他们担心再次失败。然而，萨拉托加战役对英国造成了重大打击，这就带来了第二个原因。
2. It wasn’t pointless
When the Americans got their first major victory over the British, at Saratoga, US Ambassador to France, Benjamin Franklin, was able to convince the French that the Americans could occasionally win battles against the British on their own, and so the French supporting them would not just result in the destruction of French forces in a loss to the British. A real strike at British power was possible to succeed if the French helped, and so of course, the French decided to help.
Now that we know why the French got involved, we now know why the Americans needed them. The battle of Saratoga was a major victory for the Americans, but it wasn’t enough. Had the French not contributed with elite officers, soldiers, and ships, many of the American campaigns would have failed as they just couldn’t reliably beat the British. Guerrilla warfare wouldn’t have worked as the British, while unpopular in the Northeast and Middle Colonies, actually enjoyed some form of support from the South. Revolution just wasn’t extremely popular prior to French invovlement, as the continuing losses to the British hurt American resolve and morale, and no French involvement would have continued this string of defeat. So as an American, I say Vive La France!
2.它是有意义的
当美国人在萨拉托加战役中首次取得重大胜利时，美国驻法国大使本杰明·富兰克林成功地说服了法国人，让他们相信如果法国人支持他们，美国人也可以偶尔单独击败英国人，这将不会导致法国在与英国的失败中失去自己的军队。如果法国帮助，真正的打击英国强权是可能成功的，因此，当然，法国决定帮助。
既然我们知道了为什么法国加入了战争，我们现在知道了为什么美国人需要他们。萨拉托加战役是美国人的一次重大胜利，但这还不够。如果法国没有出动精英军官、士兵和船只，许多美国战役将会失败，因为他们不能可靠地战胜英国。游击战无法奏效，因为英国在东北和中殖民地虽然不受欢迎，但在南方却得到了某种支持。在法国对战争前的介入之前，革命并不是非常受欢迎，因为连续输给英国伤害了美国人的决心和士气，没有法国的参与，这种连败的势头将会继续。所以作为一个美国人，我说，法国万岁！
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
When the Americans got their first major victory over the British, at Saratoga, US Ambassador to France, Benjamin Franklin, was able to convince the French that the Americans could occasionally win battles against the British on their own, and so the French supporting them would not just result in the destruction of French forces in a loss to the British. A real strike at British power was possible to succeed if the French helped, and so of course, the French decided to help.
Now that we know why the French got involved, we now know why the Americans needed them. The battle of Saratoga was a major victory for the Americans, but it wasn’t enough. Had the French not contributed with elite officers, soldiers, and ships, many of the American campaigns would have failed as they just couldn’t reliably beat the British. Guerrilla warfare wouldn’t have worked as the British, while unpopular in the Northeast and Middle Colonies, actually enjoyed some form of support from the South. Revolution just wasn’t extremely popular prior to French invovlement, as the continuing losses to the British hurt American resolve and morale, and no French involvement would have continued this string of defeat. So as an American, I say Vive La France!
2.它是有意义的
当美国人在萨拉托加战役中首次取得重大胜利时，美国驻法国大使本杰明·富兰克林成功地说服了法国人，让他们相信如果法国人支持他们，美国人也可以偶尔单独击败英国人，这将不会导致法国在与英国的失败中失去自己的军队。如果法国帮助，真正的打击英国强权是可能成功的，因此，当然，法国决定帮助。
既然我们知道了为什么法国加入了战争，我们现在知道了为什么美国人需要他们。萨拉托加战役是美国人的一次重大胜利，但这还不够。如果法国没有出动精英军官、士兵和船只，许多美国战役将会失败，因为他们不能可靠地战胜英国。游击战无法奏效，因为英国在东北和中殖民地虽然不受欢迎，但在南方却得到了某种支持。在法国对战争前的介入之前，革命并不是非常受欢迎，因为连续输给英国伤害了美国人的决心和士气，没有法国的参与，这种连败的势头将会继续。所以作为一个美国人，我说，法国万岁！
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Richard Hurley
Even with French aid, the Revolution was a very near-run thing. Correspondence among its top leaders shows the effort teetering on the brink of collapse at several points along the way. Without French aid, the Howe brothers would have wrapped up the rebellion by ’78 and the key Revolutionary leaders would have fled or been hanged.
And yes, in that case, the whole thing would eventually have been re-litigated. As Tom Paine noted at the time, “an island cannot rule a continent.” Given the extreme bitterness that would have ensued after a Royalist victory, the next round would have been very nasty indeed. You can’t really predict when it would have taken place. Some answers here suggest the time of Napoleon, but without the extravagant expenditures by France under Louis XVI in the fight against England, there is no French Revolution and no Napoleon.Nonetheless, a time of tension between Britain and France would have arisen, and American independence would have followed. Time was on the side of the Colonials.
Of course, the whole thing could have been avoided if Lord North hadn’t been a blockhead and encouraged the King to be a blockhead, too. Any offer of representation in Parliament (or the establishment of a Parliament in North America) would have headed off the whole unpleasantness, right from the start.
即使有法国的帮助，革命也是一次非常危险的尝试。革命的高层领导者之间的通信表明，在多个时刻，这场尝试都濒临崩溃的边缘。如果没有法国的援助，在 1778 年前，豪兄弟将结束这场叛乱，重要的革命领导者将逃亡或被绞死。当然，这件事情最终要重新审议。如汤姆·佩恩在当时所言，“一座岛屿不能统治一个大陆。”由于皇家主义胜利后所发生的极端恶劣情形，下一轮将是非常残酷的。你无法预测什么时候它会发生。一些回答在这里暗示了拿破仑时代，但如果没有路易十六在与英国的战争中的极端支出，就不会发生法国革命和拿破仑。 然而，英法之间的紧张局势将会出现，而美国的独立也将随之而来。时间站在殖民地人的一边。当然，如果诺斯勋爵不是个蠢货，并鼓励国王也是个蠢货，那么整个不愉快的事情将会在一开始就得到遏制，任何在议会中代表或建立北美议会的提议就已足以做到这点。
Even with French aid, the Revolution was a very near-run thing. Correspondence among its top leaders shows the effort teetering on the brink of collapse at several points along the way. Without French aid, the Howe brothers would have wrapped up the rebellion by ’78 and the key Revolutionary leaders would have fled or been hanged.
And yes, in that case, the whole thing would eventually have been re-litigated. As Tom Paine noted at the time, “an island cannot rule a continent.” Given the extreme bitterness that would have ensued after a Royalist victory, the next round would have been very nasty indeed. You can’t really predict when it would have taken place. Some answers here suggest the time of Napoleon, but without the extravagant expenditures by France under Louis XVI in the fight against England, there is no French Revolution and no Napoleon.Nonetheless, a time of tension between Britain and France would have arisen, and American independence would have followed. Time was on the side of the Colonials.
Of course, the whole thing could have been avoided if Lord North hadn’t been a blockhead and encouraged the King to be a blockhead, too. Any offer of representation in Parliament (or the establishment of a Parliament in North America) would have headed off the whole unpleasantness, right from the start.
即使有法国的帮助，革命也是一次非常危险的尝试。革命的高层领导者之间的通信表明，在多个时刻，这场尝试都濒临崩溃的边缘。如果没有法国的援助，在 1778 年前，豪兄弟将结束这场叛乱，重要的革命领导者将逃亡或被绞死。当然，这件事情最终要重新审议。如汤姆·佩恩在当时所言，“一座岛屿不能统治一个大陆。”由于皇家主义胜利后所发生的极端恶劣情形，下一轮将是非常残酷的。你无法预测什么时候它会发生。一些回答在这里暗示了拿破仑时代，但如果没有路易十六在与英国的战争中的极端支出，就不会发生法国革命和拿破仑。 然而，英法之间的紧张局势将会出现，而美国的独立也将随之而来。时间站在殖民地人的一边。当然，如果诺斯勋爵不是个蠢货，并鼓励国王也是个蠢货，那么整个不愉快的事情将会在一开始就得到遏制，任何在议会中代表或建立北美议会的提议就已足以做到这点。
Mark Farrell
Hard to say. After Saratoga France decided the Colonies could actually win independence. The US made its first treaty with France, the Treaty of Alliance in 1778. France and Spain were already working together against Britain. Spain was tying down British troops and navy along the Gulf Coast and supplying the US war materials via the Mississippi River. France gave the US money, war supplies, trade, use of their navy and troops against Britain. In 1778 the British began a southern strategy attacking Charleston, SC and moving inland. Washington sent General Nathaniel Green to fight off General Cornwallis, who marched his army to Yorktown. Washington and Rochambeau came up with a plan to trap and defeat Cornwallis' army. Admiral d’Estaing was able to manoeuvre between Yorktown and the British fleet trapping Corwallis. Washington meanwhile marched south and with the combined French, Spanish, and American armies was able to surround the British and forcing their surrender in October of 1781. This could not have happened without French and Spanish help. Likely, the war would have gone on for several years with more fighting. Who would have won is anyone's guess. As it was, Washington had to keep troops in the field until the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 giving the United States of America its independence after 8 years of revolution. So who knows? Would the British tire of war and retreat north to Canada? Would the colonies finally defeat the British without foreign help? We will never know because speculation is not facts.
很难说。在萨拉托加之后，法国认为殖民地实际上能够赢得独立。美国与法国签订了第一份条约《同盟条约》。法国和西班牙已经在共同对抗英国。西班牙在海湾沿岸扼住了英国军队和海军，并通过密西西比河向美国提供战争物资。法国提供了美国资金、战争物资、贸易、海军和对英军的军事协助。在1778年，英国开始了南方战略，攻击了南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿，并向内陆进攻。华盛顿派遣纳撒尼尔·格林将军击败了康沃利斯将军，并将其军队迫到约克敦。华盛顿与罗什安博共同制定了一项计划，以困住并击败康沃利斯的军队。法国海军上将德斯坦金得以在约克敦和英国舰队之间穿梭，从而围困了康沃利斯。同时，华盛顿领兵南下，并与联合的法国、西班牙和美国军队包围了英国军队，并在1781年10月迫使其投降。这不可能没有法国和西班牙的帮助。很可能战争还会继续数年，有更多的战斗。谁会获胜其实很难说。事实是，华盛顿不得不在条约签署之前保持军队部署，直到1783年签署《巴黎条约》，使美利坚合众国在8年的革命后获得独立。所以谁知道呢？英国人是否会厌倦战争，向北撤退到加拿大？殖民地会在没有外国帮助的情况下最终打败英国人吗？我们永远不会知道，因为猜测并不是事实。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Hard to say. After Saratoga France decided the Colonies could actually win independence. The US made its first treaty with France, the Treaty of Alliance in 1778. France and Spain were already working together against Britain. Spain was tying down British troops and navy along the Gulf Coast and supplying the US war materials via the Mississippi River. France gave the US money, war supplies, trade, use of their navy and troops against Britain. In 1778 the British began a southern strategy attacking Charleston, SC and moving inland. Washington sent General Nathaniel Green to fight off General Cornwallis, who marched his army to Yorktown. Washington and Rochambeau came up with a plan to trap and defeat Cornwallis' army. Admiral d’Estaing was able to manoeuvre between Yorktown and the British fleet trapping Corwallis. Washington meanwhile marched south and with the combined French, Spanish, and American armies was able to surround the British and forcing their surrender in October of 1781. This could not have happened without French and Spanish help. Likely, the war would have gone on for several years with more fighting. Who would have won is anyone's guess. As it was, Washington had to keep troops in the field until the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 giving the United States of America its independence after 8 years of revolution. So who knows? Would the British tire of war and retreat north to Canada? Would the colonies finally defeat the British without foreign help? We will never know because speculation is not facts.
很难说。在萨拉托加之后，法国认为殖民地实际上能够赢得独立。美国与法国签订了第一份条约《同盟条约》。法国和西班牙已经在共同对抗英国。西班牙在海湾沿岸扼住了英国军队和海军，并通过密西西比河向美国提供战争物资。法国提供了美国资金、战争物资、贸易、海军和对英军的军事协助。在1778年，英国开始了南方战略，攻击了南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿，并向内陆进攻。华盛顿派遣纳撒尼尔·格林将军击败了康沃利斯将军，并将其军队迫到约克敦。华盛顿与罗什安博共同制定了一项计划，以困住并击败康沃利斯的军队。法国海军上将德斯坦金得以在约克敦和英国舰队之间穿梭，从而围困了康沃利斯。同时，华盛顿领兵南下，并与联合的法国、西班牙和美国军队包围了英国军队，并在1781年10月迫使其投降。这不可能没有法国和西班牙的帮助。很可能战争还会继续数年，有更多的战斗。谁会获胜其实很难说。事实是，华盛顿不得不在条约签署之前保持军队部署，直到1783年签署《巴黎条约》，使美利坚合众国在8年的革命后获得独立。所以谁知道呢？英国人是否会厌倦战争，向北撤退到加拿大？殖民地会在没有外国帮助的情况下最终打败英国人吗？我们永远不会知道，因为猜测并不是事实。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Kishor Kumar Verma
The outcome of the American War for Independence would have been significantly different if France had not gotten involved. France's entry into the war had a profound impact on the outcome and greatly increased the chances of American success. Here are some key ways in which the war might have unfolded differently without French involvement:
1.Military Support: France provided crucial military support to the American colonists. Without French troops, supplies, and naval support, the Continental Army would have been at a severe disadvantage. The French navy played a significant role in the decisive American victory at the Battle of Yorktown in 1781, where British General Cornwallis surrendered his forces. Without the French navy's blockade and the additional French troops, it would have been much more challenging for the Americans to achieve such a decisive victory.
2.Financial Aid: France's financial aid was crucial to sustaining the American war effort. The American colonies were in dire need of funds to finance their military operations, and without French financial support, they would have struggled to pay for supplies, equipment, and the overall cost of war. The French government's assistance helped keep the American cause afloat and allowed the Continental Congress to maintain its forces in the field.
如果法国没有参与其中，美国独立战争的结果将会截然不同。法国参与战争对结果产生了深远影响，大大增加了美国成功的机会。以下是一些关键方面，如果没有法国的介入，战争可能会产生不同的结果：
1. 军事支持：法国为美国殖民地提供了至关重要的军事支持。没有法国部队、物资和海军的支持，大陆军队将处于严重劣势。法国海军在1781年的约克镇战役中发挥了重要作用，这场战役是英国将军康沃利斯投降的决定性胜利。如果没有法国海军的封锁和额外的法国部队，美国人将很难取得如此决定性的胜利。
2. 财政援助：法国的财政援助对维持美国战争起着至关重要的作用。美国殖民地急需资金来为他们的军事行动提供资金支持，如果没有法国的财政支持，他们将很难支付供应、装备和总的战争费用。法国政府的援助帮助维持了美国的战争事业，并使大陆会议能够在战场上保持自己的力量。
The outcome of the American War for Independence would have been significantly different if France had not gotten involved. France's entry into the war had a profound impact on the outcome and greatly increased the chances of American success. Here are some key ways in which the war might have unfolded differently without French involvement:
1.Military Support: France provided crucial military support to the American colonists. Without French troops, supplies, and naval support, the Continental Army would have been at a severe disadvantage. The French navy played a significant role in the decisive American victory at the Battle of Yorktown in 1781, where British General Cornwallis surrendered his forces. Without the French navy's blockade and the additional French troops, it would have been much more challenging for the Americans to achieve such a decisive victory.
2.Financial Aid: France's financial aid was crucial to sustaining the American war effort. The American colonies were in dire need of funds to finance their military operations, and without French financial support, they would have struggled to pay for supplies, equipment, and the overall cost of war. The French government's assistance helped keep the American cause afloat and allowed the Continental Congress to maintain its forces in the field.
如果法国没有参与其中，美国独立战争的结果将会截然不同。法国参与战争对结果产生了深远影响，大大增加了美国成功的机会。以下是一些关键方面，如果没有法国的介入，战争可能会产生不同的结果：
1. 军事支持：法国为美国殖民地提供了至关重要的军事支持。没有法国部队、物资和海军的支持，大陆军队将处于严重劣势。法国海军在1781年的约克镇战役中发挥了重要作用，这场战役是英国将军康沃利斯投降的决定性胜利。如果没有法国海军的封锁和额外的法国部队，美国人将很难取得如此决定性的胜利。
2. 财政援助：法国的财政援助对维持美国战争起着至关重要的作用。美国殖民地急需资金来为他们的军事行动提供资金支持，如果没有法国的财政支持，他们将很难支付供应、装备和总的战争费用。法国政府的援助帮助维持了美国的战争事业，并使大陆会议能够在战场上保持自己的力量。
3.Diplomatic Support: France's involvement in the war had a significant diplomatic impact. Their decision to openly support the American colonies encouraged other European powers, such as Spain and the Netherlands, to join the conflict against Britain. The French alliance also legitimized the American cause and helped convince other nations that the colonists had a chance of succeeding. Without French support, it is possible that other countries would have been less willing to assist or recognize the independence of the United States.
4.Psychological Boost: France's support provided a crucial psychological boost to the American colonists. The knowledge that a powerful European nation was backing their cause increased morale and bolstered the belief that victory was possible. The colonists' confidence would likely have been significantly diminished without French support, potentially leading to reduced enthusiasm, desertions, or even capitulation.
Overall, French involvement in the American War for Independence was instrumental in tipping the scales in favor of the colonists. Without France's military, financial, diplomatic, and psychological contributions, the chances of American success would have been considerably diminished. It is important to note, however, that the war's outcome would have depended on numerous factors and variables, and it is impossible to predict with certainty how events would have unfolded without French intervention.
3. 外交支持：法国参与战争对外交上产生了重大影响。他们决定公开支持美国殖民地，鼓励其他欧洲强国，如西班牙和荷兰，加入反对英国的冲突。法国的联盟也使美国的事业合法化，并帮助说服其他国家，使他们相信殖民者有成功的机会。如果没有法国的支持，其他国家可能会更不愿意协助或承认美国的独立。
4. 心理支持：法国的支持为美国殖民者提供了至关重要的心理支持。强大的欧洲国家支持他们的事业，增加了士气，并增强了胜利的信念。如果没有法国的支持，殖民者的信心可能会大幅降低，潜在地导致积极性降低、逃兵甚至屈服。
总的来说，法国在美国独立战争中的参与对殖民者的胜利起到了决定性的作用。如果没有法国的军事、财政、外交和心理的支持，美国成功的机会将会大大减少。然而，美国独立战争的结果将取决于许多因素和变量，不可能确定没有法国干预事件的发展将如何。
4.Psychological Boost: France's support provided a crucial psychological boost to the American colonists. The knowledge that a powerful European nation was backing their cause increased morale and bolstered the belief that victory was possible. The colonists' confidence would likely have been significantly diminished without French support, potentially leading to reduced enthusiasm, desertions, or even capitulation.
Overall, French involvement in the American War for Independence was instrumental in tipping the scales in favor of the colonists. Without France's military, financial, diplomatic, and psychological contributions, the chances of American success would have been considerably diminished. It is important to note, however, that the war's outcome would have depended on numerous factors and variables, and it is impossible to predict with certainty how events would have unfolded without French intervention.
3. 外交支持：法国参与战争对外交上产生了重大影响。他们决定公开支持美国殖民地，鼓励其他欧洲强国，如西班牙和荷兰，加入反对英国的冲突。法国的联盟也使美国的事业合法化，并帮助说服其他国家，使他们相信殖民者有成功的机会。如果没有法国的支持，其他国家可能会更不愿意协助或承认美国的独立。
4. 心理支持：法国的支持为美国殖民者提供了至关重要的心理支持。强大的欧洲国家支持他们的事业，增加了士气，并增强了胜利的信念。如果没有法国的支持，殖民者的信心可能会大幅降低，潜在地导致积极性降低、逃兵甚至屈服。
总的来说，法国在美国独立战争中的参与对殖民者的胜利起到了决定性的作用。如果没有法国的军事、财政、外交和心理的支持，美国成功的机会将会大大减少。然而，美国独立战争的结果将取决于许多因素和变量，不可能确定没有法国干预事件的发展将如何。
David Parker
If Continental Army was not supplied by France it would not have not engaged General Burgoyne at Saratoga because it would have had no weapons nor ammunition. The American army had retreated from dug in positions largely because they ran out of powder at Bunker Hill. The supplies they accumulated to engage the Crown Forces at Long Island the next year were rapidly consumed. French supplies, let alone manpower and her navy were crucial.
From Wikipedia: “At first, French support was covert: French agents sent the Patriots military aid (predominantly gunpowder) through a company called Rodrigue Hortalez et Compagnie, beginning in the spring of 1776. Estimates place the percentage of French supplied arms to the Americans in the Saratoga campaign at up to 90%.” [Journal of the American Revolution, The Gunpowder shortage (September 9, 2013).]
Independence was inevitable though. Once the Napoleonic Wars began and Hanover invaded by the French in 1803, Britain would be too preoccupied to prevent the American “colonies” from declaring independence and making good on that claim.
如果没有法国的支援，大陆军队将无法获得武器和弹药，因此不会在萨拉托加对战伯戈因将军。美军最初在邦克山的战斗中因弹药耗尽而撤退。他们在隔年长岛之战中积累的物资很快就用尽了。而法国的供应、人力和海军都非常关键。据维基百科显示，“最初，法国的支持是秘密的：法国特工通过一个名叫“Rodrigue Hortalez et Compagnie”的公司向爱国者提供军事援助（主要是火药），从1776年春天开始。据估计，美国在萨拉托加战役中由法国提供的武器可能高达90%。”（美国革命日报，《火药短缺》（2013年9月9日）。）然而，独立是不可避免的。一旦拿破仑战争爆发，汉诺威被法国入侵，英国将忙于国内方面，无法阻止美国“殖民地”宣布独立并实现这一宣告。
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If Continental Army was not supplied by France it would not have not engaged General Burgoyne at Saratoga because it would have had no weapons nor ammunition. The American army had retreated from dug in positions largely because they ran out of powder at Bunker Hill. The supplies they accumulated to engage the Crown Forces at Long Island the next year were rapidly consumed. French supplies, let alone manpower and her navy were crucial.
From Wikipedia: “At first, French support was covert: French agents sent the Patriots military aid (predominantly gunpowder) through a company called Rodrigue Hortalez et Compagnie, beginning in the spring of 1776. Estimates place the percentage of French supplied arms to the Americans in the Saratoga campaign at up to 90%.” [Journal of the American Revolution, The Gunpowder shortage (September 9, 2013).]
Independence was inevitable though. Once the Napoleonic Wars began and Hanover invaded by the French in 1803, Britain would be too preoccupied to prevent the American “colonies” from declaring independence and making good on that claim.
如果没有法国的支援，大陆军队将无法获得武器和弹药，因此不会在萨拉托加对战伯戈因将军。美军最初在邦克山的战斗中因弹药耗尽而撤退。他们在隔年长岛之战中积累的物资很快就用尽了。而法国的供应、人力和海军都非常关键。据维基百科显示，“最初，法国的支持是秘密的：法国特工通过一个名叫“Rodrigue Hortalez et Compagnie”的公司向爱国者提供军事援助（主要是火药），从1776年春天开始。据估计，美国在萨拉托加战役中由法国提供的武器可能高达90%。”（美国革命日报，《火药短缺》（2013年9月9日）。）然而，独立是不可避免的。一旦拿破仑战争爆发，汉诺威被法国入侵，英国将忙于国内方面，无法阻止美国“殖民地”宣布独立并实现这一宣告。
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Alex
If France had not intervened in the American War for Independence, the outcome may have been very different. The French military and naval support were crucial to the American victory. Without France, the American army would not have had the resources to effectively challenge the British forces. In addition, the French navy was essential in controlling the British navy and securing the critical supply lines.
Furthermore, the financial support from France was also vital to the success of the American Revolution. The French monarchy was instrumental in providing the funds necessary to outfit the American army and pay for supplies. Without French money, it is unlikely that the Continental Congress would have been able to finance the war.
如果法国没有介入美国独立战争，结局可能会大不相同。法国的军事和海军支持对美国的胜利至关重要。如果没有法国，美军将无法具备足够的资源来有效地挑战英军。此外，法国海军是控制英国海军并保障关键补给线的关键所在。此外，来自法国的财政支持对美国革命的成功也至关重要。法国君主提供的资金对装备美国军队和支付物资费用至关重要。如果没有法国的资金，大陆会议可能无法为这场战争提供资金支持。
If France had not intervened in the American War for Independence, the outcome may have been very different. The French military and naval support were crucial to the American victory. Without France, the American army would not have had the resources to effectively challenge the British forces. In addition, the French navy was essential in controlling the British navy and securing the critical supply lines.
Furthermore, the financial support from France was also vital to the success of the American Revolution. The French monarchy was instrumental in providing the funds necessary to outfit the American army and pay for supplies. Without French money, it is unlikely that the Continental Congress would have been able to finance the war.
如果法国没有介入美国独立战争，结局可能会大不相同。法国的军事和海军支持对美国的胜利至关重要。如果没有法国，美军将无法具备足够的资源来有效地挑战英军。此外，法国海军是控制英国海军并保障关键补给线的关键所在。此外，来自法国的财政支持对美国革命的成功也至关重要。法国君主提供的资金对装备美国军队和支付物资费用至关重要。如果没有法国的资金，大陆会议可能无法为这场战争提供资金支持。
John Bryar
I truly believe that if the French had not involved themselves the war would have dragged out for at least another four years. It is important to understand that the situation at this time in Europe was a constant state competition between the major powers (Spain, France, England, Holland, and Russia to an extent). These powers competed with each other for control and exploitation of overseas territory. Once France began to utalize naval and ground forces the English dedicated additional resources toward colonial. It should also be considered that there were numerous colonies controlled by England in the Caribbean. The English may have tried to reclaim those then under the influence of Spain. England would likely not increased its forces in America as neither side was making any significant progress.
I actually believe that England may have offered the revolutionists what they initially began the war for, parliamentary representation. They had demanded representation for several years and while they had begun fighting independence was not declared for over a year. England would be able to tax American tobacco and eventual cotton trade benefiting economic growth at the cost of allowing perhaps ten people to sit on the parliament floor.
我真心相信，如果法国没有介入，那么这场战争就会拖延至少四年。在当时的欧洲，各主要国家（西班牙、法国、英国、荷兰，到一定程度上的俄罗斯）之间的地位竞争是一个持续的状态。这些国家相互竞争以控制和开发海外领土。一旦法国开始运用海陆军力量，英国就会向殖民地投入更多资源。此外，英国在加勒比地区控制着许多殖民地。英国可能会试图收回那些当时处于西班牙影响下的殖民地。英国不太可能在美国增加它的军力，因为双方都没有取得任何重大进展。
实际上，我相信英国可能会向革命者提供他们最初发动战争的那个目标，即议会代表权。他们已经要求代表权几年了，虽然他们已经开始了战斗，但独立并没有在一年内宣布。英国将能够对美国的烟草和日后的棉花贸易征税，从而促进经济增长，代价是让可能有十个人坐在议会大厅里。
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I truly believe that if the French had not involved themselves the war would have dragged out for at least another four years. It is important to understand that the situation at this time in Europe was a constant state competition between the major powers (Spain, France, England, Holland, and Russia to an extent). These powers competed with each other for control and exploitation of overseas territory. Once France began to utalize naval and ground forces the English dedicated additional resources toward colonial. It should also be considered that there were numerous colonies controlled by England in the Caribbean. The English may have tried to reclaim those then under the influence of Spain. England would likely not increased its forces in America as neither side was making any significant progress.
I actually believe that England may have offered the revolutionists what they initially began the war for, parliamentary representation. They had demanded representation for several years and while they had begun fighting independence was not declared for over a year. England would be able to tax American tobacco and eventual cotton trade benefiting economic growth at the cost of allowing perhaps ten people to sit on the parliament floor.
我真心相信，如果法国没有介入，那么这场战争就会拖延至少四年。在当时的欧洲，各主要国家（西班牙、法国、英国、荷兰，到一定程度上的俄罗斯）之间的地位竞争是一个持续的状态。这些国家相互竞争以控制和开发海外领土。一旦法国开始运用海陆军力量，英国就会向殖民地投入更多资源。此外，英国在加勒比地区控制着许多殖民地。英国可能会试图收回那些当时处于西班牙影响下的殖民地。英国不太可能在美国增加它的军力，因为双方都没有取得任何重大进展。
实际上，我相信英国可能会向革命者提供他们最初发动战争的那个目标，即议会代表权。他们已经要求代表权几年了，虽然他们已经开始了战斗，但独立并没有在一年内宣布。英国将能够对美国的烟草和日后的棉花贸易征税，从而促进经济增长，代价是让可能有十个人坐在议会大厅里。
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Autumn Hayes
Chances are, we would have been like most other countries who rebelled against the government, meaning that there would have been more than one rebellion. The fact that the Revolution was successful during its first attempt is mind-blowing, when you think about it; most other revolutions took decades and several uprisings to seal the deal. So while I do think that we still would have eventually achieved independence without the French, it probably would have taken another thirty years and involved the deaths of some of our most beloved public figures.
有可能我们会变成像其他反抗政府的国家一样，也就是说会有不止一个叛乱。事实上，第一次美国革命的成功是惊人的，如果你想一想的话，大多数革命需要数十年和数次起义才能达成目标。所以虽然我认为如果没有法国的帮助，我们最终仍然会实现独立，但这可能需要另外三十年，并涉及一些我们最受爱戴的公众人物的死亡。
Chances are, we would have been like most other countries who rebelled against the government, meaning that there would have been more than one rebellion. The fact that the Revolution was successful during its first attempt is mind-blowing, when you think about it; most other revolutions took decades and several uprisings to seal the deal. So while I do think that we still would have eventually achieved independence without the French, it probably would have taken another thirty years and involved the deaths of some of our most beloved public figures.
有可能我们会变成像其他反抗政府的国家一样，也就是说会有不止一个叛乱。事实上，第一次美国革命的成功是惊人的，如果你想一想的话，大多数革命需要数十年和数次起义才能达成目标。所以虽然我认为如果没有法国的帮助，我们最终仍然会实现独立，但这可能需要另外三十年，并涉及一些我们最受爱戴的公众人物的死亡。
Rupert Kavanagh
French and other foreign volunteer involvement speeded up the process.
‘Patriots’ had already seized the machinery of government in the separate colonies, collected the taxes for themselves, and begun the revolutionary treatment on those who dissented —- and even with a simple Gandhian non-violent system of non-co-operation would have forced out the presence of British Parliamentary rule.
Once they opted for the military struggle the wretched British troops were a long way from home and could not be supplied indefinitely, unlike say, Ireland.
The French supplies were vital and obviously they sent in plenty more skilled dancing partners for the minuet of 18th century battle. But the Americans were bound to win anyway.
法国人和其他外国志愿者的参与加快了进程。
“爱国者们”已经掌控了殖民地的政府机构，为自己收取税款，并对那些持不同意见的人进行了革命性的处理。即使采取简单的甘地主义非暴力不合作系统，他们也会迫使英国议会统治的存在退出。
一旦他们选择进行武装斗争，可怜的英国部队离家很远，无法无限期地得到补给，不像爱尔兰。
法国的支援至关重要，并且很明显他们派出了更多技艺高超的舞伴参加了18世纪战斗的圆舞曲。但是，美国人必然会赢得胜利。
French and other foreign volunteer involvement speeded up the process.
‘Patriots’ had already seized the machinery of government in the separate colonies, collected the taxes for themselves, and begun the revolutionary treatment on those who dissented —- and even with a simple Gandhian non-violent system of non-co-operation would have forced out the presence of British Parliamentary rule.
Once they opted for the military struggle the wretched British troops were a long way from home and could not be supplied indefinitely, unlike say, Ireland.
The French supplies were vital and obviously they sent in plenty more skilled dancing partners for the minuet of 18th century battle. But the Americans were bound to win anyway.
法国人和其他外国志愿者的参与加快了进程。
“爱国者们”已经掌控了殖民地的政府机构，为自己收取税款，并对那些持不同意见的人进行了革命性的处理。即使采取简单的甘地主义非暴力不合作系统，他们也会迫使英国议会统治的存在退出。
一旦他们选择进行武装斗争，可怜的英国部队离家很远，无法无限期地得到补给，不像爱尔兰。
法国的支援至关重要，并且很明显他们派出了更多技艺高超的舞伴参加了18世纪战斗的圆舞曲。但是，美国人必然会赢得胜利。
Kevin Cross
The highest likelihood would have been that the British would have won the war. The Americans had reasonably well trained troops, and good leadership, but so did the British and they also had a complete game breaker: The Royal Navy. They could move troops around much faster, provide serious fire support to any operation near coasts, and generally provide a huge strategic advantage that the American forces could not match.
That was the largest thing the French did, neutralize the RN in a lot of their operations. Without that, I doubt the American colonies could have won that war.
最有可能的结果是英国会赢得这场战争。美国军队经过了相当良好的训练，拥有优秀的领导力，但英国同样拥有全面的制胜法宝：皇家海军。他们能够更快地运动军队，为海岸附近的任何行动提供严重的火力支持，并一般提供美国军队无法匹敌的巨大的战略优势。
法国最大的贡献就在于削弱了皇家海军在许多行动中的作用。如果没有这一点，我怀疑美国殖民地能否赢得这场战争。
The highest likelihood would have been that the British would have won the war. The Americans had reasonably well trained troops, and good leadership, but so did the British and they also had a complete game breaker: The Royal Navy. They could move troops around much faster, provide serious fire support to any operation near coasts, and generally provide a huge strategic advantage that the American forces could not match.
That was the largest thing the French did, neutralize the RN in a lot of their operations. Without that, I doubt the American colonies could have won that war.
最有可能的结果是英国会赢得这场战争。美国军队经过了相当良好的训练，拥有优秀的领导力，但英国同样拥有全面的制胜法宝：皇家海军。他们能够更快地运动军队，为海岸附近的任何行动提供严重的火力支持，并一般提供美国军队无法匹敌的巨大的战略优势。
法国最大的贡献就在于削弱了皇家海军在许多行动中的作用。如果没有这一点，我怀疑美国殖民地能否赢得这场战争。
Amit Meltzer
The war would probably last much longer.
The continental army was well entrenched in New England while the Brits held New York. In the south, several key battles drove Cornwallis towards Yorktown. The reason was a relief fleet that would evacuate him to NY.
The French battle fleet repulsed the British and foiled that plan. When Wahington cane south Cornwallis surrendered and effectively ended the war.
Had the French not gotten involved, Cornwallis would have escaped with the bulk of his army to regroup. The war would likely drag on for several more bloody years until GB gave up.
The numbers were on the side of the American rebels, but the French intervention broke England’s apetite for that war.
So, in my view, without the French the Americans would still win in the end, but over a longer time.
如果没有法国人的参与，美国独立战争可能会持续更长时间。大陆军队在新英格兰地区防守良好，而英国人控制着纽约。在南部，几场关键战役迫使康沃利斯向约克城撤退。原因是有一支救援舰队将他疏散到纽约。
法国的战斗舰队击退了英国人，破坏了这个计划。当华盛顿南下时，康沃利斯投降，有效地结束了战争。
如果没有法国的干预，康沃利斯将带领他的大部分军队逃脱并重组。战争可能会拖延数年，直到英国放弃为止。虽然美国造反者的实力更强，但法国的干预打破了英国对战争的胃口。
因此，我认为，如果没有法国的帮助，美国最终仍然会取得胜利，但需要更长的时间。
The war would probably last much longer.
The continental army was well entrenched in New England while the Brits held New York. In the south, several key battles drove Cornwallis towards Yorktown. The reason was a relief fleet that would evacuate him to NY.
The French battle fleet repulsed the British and foiled that plan. When Wahington cane south Cornwallis surrendered and effectively ended the war.
Had the French not gotten involved, Cornwallis would have escaped with the bulk of his army to regroup. The war would likely drag on for several more bloody years until GB gave up.
The numbers were on the side of the American rebels, but the French intervention broke England’s apetite for that war.
So, in my view, without the French the Americans would still win in the end, but over a longer time.
如果没有法国人的参与，美国独立战争可能会持续更长时间。大陆军队在新英格兰地区防守良好，而英国人控制着纽约。在南部，几场关键战役迫使康沃利斯向约克城撤退。原因是有一支救援舰队将他疏散到纽约。
法国的战斗舰队击退了英国人，破坏了这个计划。当华盛顿南下时，康沃利斯投降，有效地结束了战争。
如果没有法国的干预，康沃利斯将带领他的大部分军队逃脱并重组。战争可能会拖延数年，直到英国放弃为止。虽然美国造反者的实力更强，但法国的干预打破了英国对战争的胃口。
因此，我认为，如果没有法国的帮助，美国最终仍然会取得胜利，但需要更长的时间。
Anupam Majmudar
North would not have won or war could have lasted lot longer.
It must be remembered that later France presented bill to USA for materials supplied , few billion dollars, which, America refused to pay and the insolvency was one of the chief cause of events leading to French Revolution a decade later
北方可能不会赢得内战，或者内战可能会持续更长时间。但需要记住的是，后来法国向美国提交了一份提供的材料账单，金额为数十亿美元，但美国拒绝支付，这也是导致十年后法国大革命爆发的重要原因之一。
North would not have won or war could have lasted lot longer.
It must be remembered that later France presented bill to USA for materials supplied , few billion dollars, which, America refused to pay and the insolvency was one of the chief cause of events leading to French Revolution a decade later
北方可能不会赢得内战，或者内战可能会持续更长时间。但需要记住的是，后来法国向美国提交了一份提供的材料账单，金额为数十亿美元，但美国拒绝支付，这也是导致十年后法国大革命爆发的重要原因之一。
Bob
The French did much of the heavy lifting militarily on land and at sea to keep the American Revolution from defeat.
By the end of the Revolutionary war, 8 European nations were at war with the UK and a 100, 000 man largely Protestant Irish militia, originally established to defend Ireland if the French landed troops there, were insisting upon and had been granted that Ireland have unfettered Home Rule.
Without the French alliance, the armed American rebellion would soon have had to be abandoned. It wasn’t in the UK’s interests to station large numbers of troops in America. Therefore, some sort of compromise settlement would have been negotiated.
How the resulting British North America, within which each colony enjoyed substantial home rule, would have later evolved is anyone’s guess.
在美国独立战争期间，法国在陆地和海上承担了大部分的重要军事任务，以保证美国革命不被击败。到独立战争结束的时候，8个欧洲国家与英国交战，一个有100,000人的主要由新教徒组成的爱尔兰民兵组织，最初是为了防御法国在那里登陆而建立的，他们坚持并已经获得了爱尔兰无拘无束的自治权。
如果没有法国的联盟，武装起义很快就不得不被放弃。英国并不愿意在美国驻扎大量的军队。因此，一些妥协性的解决方案将被谈判出来。
英属北美后来将如何发展，每个殖民地享有相当的自治权，这是任何人都无法预测的事情。
The French did much of the heavy lifting militarily on land and at sea to keep the American Revolution from defeat.
By the end of the Revolutionary war, 8 European nations were at war with the UK and a 100, 000 man largely Protestant Irish militia, originally established to defend Ireland if the French landed troops there, were insisting upon and had been granted that Ireland have unfettered Home Rule.
Without the French alliance, the armed American rebellion would soon have had to be abandoned. It wasn’t in the UK’s interests to station large numbers of troops in America. Therefore, some sort of compromise settlement would have been negotiated.
How the resulting British North America, within which each colony enjoyed substantial home rule, would have later evolved is anyone’s guess.
在美国独立战争期间，法国在陆地和海上承担了大部分的重要军事任务，以保证美国革命不被击败。到独立战争结束的时候，8个欧洲国家与英国交战，一个有100,000人的主要由新教徒组成的爱尔兰民兵组织，最初是为了防御法国在那里登陆而建立的，他们坚持并已经获得了爱尔兰无拘无束的自治权。
如果没有法国的联盟，武装起义很快就不得不被放弃。英国并不愿意在美国驻扎大量的军队。因此，一些妥协性的解决方案将被谈判出来。
英属北美后来将如何发展，每个殖民地享有相当的自治权，这是任何人都无法预测的事情。
Chris Rapier
What a lot of people are missing is how divided the British - even at the highest levels of office - were about this. The Americans had a lot of people in England that supported them. The longer the war dragged on the more damaging the internal strife in England would have become. It may have ended with the Americans being defeated. It may have also ended with the British negotiating a peace that gave the Americans de facto independence simply to end the fracturing of the English government.
这取决于“没有介入”这一短语的含义。它可能是对美国人敌对的中立态度，也可能是用除了陆军和海军部队以外的一切资源全力支持美国人。根据此，美国成功的可能性从几乎为零到相对确定（但需要更长的时间）。最主要的（至少对我来说）是我们必须记住的是，美国人并不需要获胜来获得独立，他们只需要避免失败。英国在人民和议会反对之前只能维持战争有限的时间。美国人只需要足够令人讨厌，时间足够长，英国就会退出。
What a lot of people are missing is how divided the British - even at the highest levels of office - were about this. The Americans had a lot of people in England that supported them. The longer the war dragged on the more damaging the internal strife in England would have become. It may have ended with the Americans being defeated. It may have also ended with the British negotiating a peace that gave the Americans de facto independence simply to end the fracturing of the English government.
这取决于“没有介入”这一短语的含义。它可能是对美国人敌对的中立态度，也可能是用除了陆军和海军部队以外的一切资源全力支持美国人。根据此，美国成功的可能性从几乎为零到相对确定（但需要更长的时间）。最主要的（至少对我来说）是我们必须记住的是，美国人并不需要获胜来获得独立，他们只需要避免失败。英国在人民和议会反对之前只能维持战争有限的时间。美国人只需要足够令人讨厌，时间足够长，英国就会退出。
Anthony Woinich
This depends on what the phrase “didn’t get involved” means. It could be anything from a hostile (to the Americans) neutrality to fully funding the Americans with everything but land and sea forces. They likelihood of American success goes from near nil to reasonably certain (but over a longer time period) accordingly. The main thing (at least to me) one must remember is that the Americans did not have to win to gain independence they just had to avoid losing. Britain could only sustain the war for so long before the people and parliament turned against it. The Americans just had to be obnoxious enough, long enough and the British would leave.
很多人忽略的是，即使在最高层的英国官员中都存在分歧。美国在英格兰有许多支持者。随着战争的拖延，英国内部的冲突变得越来越严重，这可能导致美国失败。也可能以英国就地放弃独立，达成和平协议，仅为了结束英国政府的分裂。
This depends on what the phrase “didn’t get involved” means. It could be anything from a hostile (to the Americans) neutrality to fully funding the Americans with everything but land and sea forces. They likelihood of American success goes from near nil to reasonably certain (but over a longer time period) accordingly. The main thing (at least to me) one must remember is that the Americans did not have to win to gain independence they just had to avoid losing. Britain could only sustain the war for so long before the people and parliament turned against it. The Americans just had to be obnoxious enough, long enough and the British would leave.
很多人忽略的是，即使在最高层的英国官员中都存在分歧。美国在英格兰有许多支持者。随着战争的拖延，英国内部的冲突变得越来越严重，这可能导致美国失败。也可能以英国就地放弃独立，达成和平协议，仅为了结束英国政府的分裂。
Andrew M. Patterson
First or all, the Revolution won by a minority. The best fighters and battles were in North Carolina. The French took part in the Seige of Savannah but withdrew because if the threat if scurvy and hurricane season approaching. Lafayette got the /French to block Chesapeake Bay entrance that kept Cornwallis from need supplies and reinforcements. Congress under Madison forgot who fought best and through the Marines could handle the British which was ignorance. The Battle of New Orleans showed it was the Tennessee and Carolinians who fought the best but British burned Washington to badly there were the idea to move the capital to Philadelphia which was opposed by Dolly Madison and the wives if the representatives in Congress. Only New Orleans battle showed that Southern fighters were the ones who won the Revolution in my opinion. The were not financed, fought without uniform, untrained, and used their own guns and powder. Washington the capital still does not understand the rest of the country and the rest if the country is ignorant what makes Washington tick.
首先，美国独立战争是由少数人赢得的胜利。最出色的战斗和士兵出现在北卡罗来纳州。法国人参加了萨瓦纳包围战，但因为坏血病的威胁和飓风季节的临近而撤退。拉法耶特让法国封锁了切萨皮克湾的入口，这使得康沃利斯无法得到补给和增援。国会在麦迪逊的领导下忘记了谁是最出色的战斗者，并认为海军陆战队可以处理英国人，这是无知的。新奥尔良之战表明田纳西州和卡罗来纳州的士兵是最出色的，但英国人焚烧了华盛顿，使得有些人提议将首都迁往费城，但这遭到了多莉·麦迪逊和国会代表的妻子们的反对。我认为只有新奥尔良之战表明这场革命的胜利靠的是南方的战士。他们没有得到资助，没有穿统一的制服，没有接受过训练，使用的是自己的枪支和火药。华盛顿仍然不了解国家的其余部分，而其余部分的人对华盛顿如何运作一无所知。
First or all, the Revolution won by a minority. The best fighters and battles were in North Carolina. The French took part in the Seige of Savannah but withdrew because if the threat if scurvy and hurricane season approaching. Lafayette got the /French to block Chesapeake Bay entrance that kept Cornwallis from need supplies and reinforcements. Congress under Madison forgot who fought best and through the Marines could handle the British which was ignorance. The Battle of New Orleans showed it was the Tennessee and Carolinians who fought the best but British burned Washington to badly there were the idea to move the capital to Philadelphia which was opposed by Dolly Madison and the wives if the representatives in Congress. Only New Orleans battle showed that Southern fighters were the ones who won the Revolution in my opinion. The were not financed, fought without uniform, untrained, and used their own guns and powder. Washington the capital still does not understand the rest of the country and the rest if the country is ignorant what makes Washington tick.
首先，美国独立战争是由少数人赢得的胜利。最出色的战斗和士兵出现在北卡罗来纳州。法国人参加了萨瓦纳包围战，但因为坏血病的威胁和飓风季节的临近而撤退。拉法耶特让法国封锁了切萨皮克湾的入口，这使得康沃利斯无法得到补给和增援。国会在麦迪逊的领导下忘记了谁是最出色的战斗者，并认为海军陆战队可以处理英国人，这是无知的。新奥尔良之战表明田纳西州和卡罗来纳州的士兵是最出色的，但英国人焚烧了华盛顿，使得有些人提议将首都迁往费城，但这遭到了多莉·麦迪逊和国会代表的妻子们的反对。我认为只有新奥尔良之战表明这场革命的胜利靠的是南方的战士。他们没有得到资助，没有穿统一的制服，没有接受过训练，使用的是自己的枪支和火药。华盛顿仍然不了解国家的其余部分，而其余部分的人对华盛顿如何运作一无所知。
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