法国骚乱的真正原因是什么?这是计划好的还是偶然发生的?(一)
2023-07-15 Natsuo 4487
正文翻译
Saransh Maurya
No reason other than sheer hatred.
Some might say that they are doing it for the teenager that died.
But that is not true.
You don’t get justice for someone’s murder by robbing your neighbor’s iphone store.
You don’t get justice for an innocent person by destroying another innocent person’s livelihood.

除了纯粹的仇恨,没有别的理由。
有些人可能会说,他们这样做是为了那个死去的少年。
但事实并非如此。
你不可能通过抢劫邻居的iphone店来为别人讨回公道。
你不能通过破坏另一个无辜者的生计来为一个无辜者伸张正义。

There’s only one reason for all these robberies and destruction.
It’s pure hatred, plain and simple.
They hate France, they hate French culture, they hate French people who don’t follow their book.
Just because they escaped their country doesn’t mean that they hate their old lifestyle.
And believe me, if they could they would happily turn France into the same country they escaped from.
The only thing they like about France is its wealth nothing more and the last thing they want to do is to adjust to the French culture.
That teen’s death is merely an excuse for them to justify their hatred. Nothing more.
If this didn’t happen they would simply find some other excuse.

所有这些抢劫和破坏只有一个原因。那就是纯粹的仇恨,简单明了。他们憎恨法国,憎恨法国文化,憎恨不按照他们的教条生活的法国人。仅仅因为他们逃离了自己的国家,并不意味着他们憎恨自己过去的生活方式。相信我,如果可以的话,他们会毫不犹豫地把法国变成他们逃离的那个国家。他们唯一喜欢法国的是它的财富,没有其他,他们最不想做的事情就是融入法国文化。那个青少年的死只不过是他们为自己的仇恨找到的借口,不过如此。如果这件事没有发生,他们肯定会找到其他借口。

评论翻译
Frank Waugh
It all comes down to demographics with a declining native population being replaced by a far more numerous highly fertile population with a totally different culture.
Look what happened to the native Indian population in the US…same scenario is playing out in France and other European countries as well.
It is what it is….the European immigrants that took over the US didn’t assimilate to the native Indian culture, but took over and imposed their own.
The same thing is happening in France and the UK and throughout Europe.
History doesn’t repeat but often rhymes…

这一切归根结底是人口结构,本土人口数量减少,而数量众多、高度生育能力的人口以完全不同的文化取而代之。
看看美国本土印第安人的遭遇……同样的情景正在法国和其他欧洲国家上演。
事实就是如此……移民欧洲人在美国并没有同化到印第安人的文化,而是接管和强加了自己的文化。
同样的情况正在法国、英国和整个欧洲发生。
历史不会重复,但往往呈现出相似的韵律…

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Vishal
Let's shed some light on the actual events. The truth is that the boy who was killed was a refugee from Algeria and had been residing in France for a considerable period.

让我们来解释一下真实的事件。事实是,被杀害的男孩是来自阿尔及利亚的难民,在法国居住了相当长一段时间。

His father was not living with them. Now, the question arises as to why Muslims from various Islamic countries are migrating to well-established and developed countries, considering the increasing population in those places. However, let's set aside this topic for now. The boy was killed due to his violation of traffic rules and excessive speeding in his car. The police opened fire on the car to prevent it from colliding with the public, but unfortunately, the bullet hit the boy. Now, let's consider the reason why the police took such action. A similar incident had previously occurred in France, where a person intentionally rammed a bus into a crowd, resulting in the death of 81 people.

他的父亲没有和他们住在一起。现在,问题出现了,为什么穆斯林从不同的伊斯兰国家迁移到建立良好的发达国家,考虑到这些地方的人口不断增加。但是,让我们暂时把这个话题放在一边。这个男孩因违反交通规则和超速驾驶而丧生。警察向汽车开枪以防止它与公众相撞,但不幸的是,子弹击中了那个男孩。现在,让我们考虑一下警察采取这种行动的原因。此前在法国也发生过类似事件,一名男子故意将一辆公共汽车撞向人群,造成81人死亡。

To prevent such incidents from happening again, the French police were determined to take necessary measures. Moreover, the boy in question already had multiple fines for violating various rules. Here's a simple question: If Muslims are proud of the existence of many Islamic countries in the world, why are they not migrating there? Let's take the example of this specific boy, who, in reality, was facing difficulties in France. Countries like Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Iraq, and Syria have been embroiled in long-term conflicts such as the Arab Spring, Somali Civil War, Iraqi Conflict, and Syrian Civil War. These conflicts have compelled people from these Muslim-majority countries to seek better lives and job opportunities in European countries. If one conducts research on these countries,

为防止此类事件再次发生,法国警方决心采取必要措施。此外,该男孩已经因违反各种规定而多次被罚款。这里有一个简单的问题:如果穆斯林对世界上许多伊斯兰国家的存在感到自豪,为什么他们不移民到那里?让我们以这个男孩为例,事实上,他在法国面临着困难。埃及、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥、利比亚、苏丹、索马里、埃塞俄比亚、伊拉克和叙利亚等国家都卷入了阿拉伯之春、索马里内战、伊拉克冲突和叙利亚内战等长期冲突。这些冲突迫使这些穆斯林占多数的国家的人民到欧洲国家寻求更好的生活和工作机会。如果对这些国家进行研究,

it becomes evident that the mass migration is predominantly occurring from Muslim nations. So, why is this happening? The main routes for refugees include Morocco to Italy, Tunisia to Spain, Libya to Greece, and Syria to Greece via Turkey. These routes, primarily through sea passages, serve as major gateways for Muslim refugees to enter Europe. My intention in highlighting this issue is to emphasize that even if people are migrating to earn money and improve their lives by becoming part of a developed country, they should also adhere to the laws, rules, and traditions of their host nation. In this particular case, why was there a need for a 17-year-old, who was not eligible for a driver's license, to drive at high speeds while having previous records of breaking traffic rules?

很明显,大规模移民主要来自穆斯林国家。那么,为什么会发生这种情况呢?难民的主要路线包括摩洛哥到意大利、突尼斯到西班牙、利比亚到希腊、叙利亚经土耳其到希腊。这些主要通过海上通道的路线是穆斯林难民进入欧洲的主要门户。我强调这个问题的目的是强调,即使人们移民是为了赚钱,并通过成为发达国家的一部分来改善他们的生活,他们也应该遵守东道国的法律、规则和传统。在这种特殊情况下,为什么需要一个17岁的,没有资格获得驾驶执照的人,在有违反交通规则记录的情况下高速驾驶?

Jean-Marie Valheur
It is often said that a picture says more than a thousand words. Sometimes, it’s a meme rather than a picture but the point still stands. If you have a country that has a lot of minority groups from a vastly different culture than that of the host country, and these groups reproduce at a much higher rate while typically not having the same economic chances and position as locals… it’s a recipe for disaster.

人们常说,一张图片胜过千言万语。有时,这是一个模因而不是一张图片,但这一点仍然存在。如果你所在的国家有很多少数民族,他们的文化与东道国截然不同,而这些群体的繁殖率要高得多,而他们的经济机会和地位通常与当地人不同……这将导致灾难。

The President of France is a man called Emmanuel Macron. He is a childless man. There’s quite a lot of childless French men, in fact, but few of them are called Ahmad, Mahmoud or Mohamed. There’s a lot of childless French women, too, and yet few of them are called Fatima, Hamia or Bouchra.

法国总统是一位名叫埃马纽埃尔·马克龙的人。他是一个没有孩子的人。事实上,有很多没有孩子的法国男人,但很少有人叫艾哈迈德、马哈茂德或穆罕默德。法国也有很多没有孩子的女性,但很少有人叫法蒂玛、哈米亚或布希拉。

I’m saying all this as a man who is quite fond of diversity, don’t get me wrong — I’m an enormous enthusiast of different cultures and almost exclusively eat food not native to my own home town. Most of my friends are foreigners, or the descendants of immigrants, and five of my nine children are technically “people of color”…
…but yeah, all that aside, it’s not really sustainable. A society that contains a huge number of immigrants and their descendants, most of whom have larger families than the original population does, is at risk of being destabilized. If economic development of the immigrant class lags behind that of their countrymen, a country becomes a powder keg… all it takes to ignite is one spark. Planned? Not by anyone but fate itself.

我说这一切是作为一个非常喜欢多样性的人,不要误解我的意思——我是不同文化的狂热爱好者,几乎只吃非家乡的食物。我的大多数朋友都是外国人,或者移民的后代,我的九个孩子中有五个严格来说是“有色人种”…
……但是的,抛开这些不谈,这并不是真正可持续的。一个包含大量移民及其后代的社会,其中大多数人的家庭规模比原始人口大,面临着不稳定的风险。如果移民阶层的经济发展落后于他们的同胞,一个国家就会变成一个火药桶……只需要点燃一个火花。计划好了吗?不是由任何人,而是命运本身。

Subramaniam Duraisamy
There are two schools of analysis on these riots.
One school of thought says that it's because immigrants cannot adapt to the local culture of Europe and demand their religion to be imposed like in their home nations
The second school of thought blames the French police for racism against immigrants from Middle East countries.
I feel there is truth in both the explanations. But I lean towards the first one more than the second for the simple reason that if you are an immigrant in a new country, you simply follow the laws of that country. What worked for you in one place does not in the other.

对这些骚乱有两种分析流派。
一个学派认为,这是因为移民无法适应欧洲的当地文化,并要求他们的宗教像在自己的祖国一样被强加
第二学派指责法国警察对来自中东国家的移民实施种族主义。
我觉得这两种解释都是正确的。但我更倾向于第一个而不是第二个,原因很简单,如果你是一个新国家的移民,你只需遵守那个国家的法律。在一个地方对你有效的东西在另一个地方却无效。

Immigrants from the former French colonies in Africa have settled down and their second and third generation continues to enjoy the immigrant status there. The 17 year old boy who was killed by the police is not a first generation immigrant who had come from Africa.

来自非洲前法国殖民地的移民已经定居,他们的第二代和第三代继续在那里享有移民身份。被警察杀害的17岁男孩不是来自非洲的第一代移民。

In a way this highlights the failures of globalization and liberalism of the west. While the police can be biased towards an immigrant criminal and such racial profiling might be unacceptable, the fault lies equally with the policies of the west in their quest to be more liberal and accomodative.

在某种程度上,这凸显了西方全球化和自由主义的失败。虽然警方可能对移民罪犯有偏见,这种种族定性可能是不可接受的,但错误同样在于西方寻求更自由和更宽容的政策。

As more immigrants from these countries come in droves, they create a sub-culture. As this sub-culture becomes large enough in numbers to influence the greater society there would be friction. As the friction increases, sparks fly- literally and metaphorically.
This is the reason why liberal democracies are failing throughout the world with unpredictable electoral outcomes. People don't want their way of life to be swamped over in the name of multiculturalism.

随着越来越多来自这些国家的移民纷至沓来,他们创造了一种亚文化。随着这种亚文化的数量越来越大,足以影响更大的社会,就会产生摩擦。随着摩擦的增加,火花飞溅——无论是字面上还是比喻上。
这就是为什么自由民主国家在世界各地以不可预测的选举结果失败的原因。人们不希望自己的生活方式被多元文化主义的名义淹没。

Andreas De Wulf
It's not something brand new…. Every New Year’s Eve, 100s of cars are set ablaze in a celebratory riot, for example. Nor is it “refugees” or “Islam”. This is just a particularly bad season of an old saga.
Generations ago, a lot of the poorest and least educated people from North Africa were welcomed to work in the mines. Not that this was ever voted on. Not that care was ever taken to integrate them. Then the mines closed and they found themselves unemployable.

这不是什么全新的东西....例如,每年新年前夜,都会有数百辆汽车在庆祝骚乱中被点燃。也不是“难民”或“伊斯兰”。这只是一个古老传奇故事中特别糟糕的一季。
几代人以前,许多来自北非的最贫穷和受教育程度最低的人被欢迎到矿场工作。但这并没有付诸表决。并没有注意到他们的融合。后来矿山关闭了,他们发现自己失业了。

In order to deflect blame, the free market types who had created the problem, struck an unholy alliance with West-hating progressives, who saw opportunity in a reliable new voter base. Talking about the problem itself became racist, and that's NOT an exaggeration. (The Dutch populist politician Pim Fortuyn, despite being flamboyantly gay, was assassinated for that reason, per his assassin at his trial.) Imposing cultural and linguistic homogeneity was equalled to a form of white supremacy, at a time when the Nazis’ dark shadow was still politically very relevant.

为了推卸责任,制造问题的自由市场派与憎恨西方的进步派结成了邪恶的联盟,后者在可靠的新选民基础中看到了机会。谈论这个问题本身就变成了种族主义,这一点也不夸张。(荷兰民粹主义政治家皮姆·福图恩(Pim Fortuyn)尽管是一名引人注目的同性恋,但他在审判中被暗杀的凶手说,正是因为这个原因。)强加文化和语言的同质性等同于一种白人至上主义,当时纳粹的阴影在政治上仍然非常重要。

Mind you that people from these same economically downtrodden regions within North Africa, who did not emigrate, have faced the same problems. Including violent clashes with their governments, who are a lot more brutal than those in Europe. Case in point: Children of immigrants from these countries are born dual nationals, yet they still prefer to live in Europe.
Their claims of discrimination are not without merit either, but neither is -IMHO- racism or Islamophobia the real reason for that: If a white person has a first name, clothing style, attitude and speech pattern that suggests marginalization, they will face the same sort of exclusion….. (Think children of football hooligans.)

请注意,来自北非这些经济受压迫地区的人,他们没有移民,也面临着同样的问题。包括与他们的政府发生暴力冲突,他们的政府比欧洲的政府残酷得多。一个恰当的例子是:来自这些国家的移民的孩子出生时就拥有双重国籍,但他们仍然更喜欢住在欧洲。
他们声称的歧视也不是没有道理,但我认为,种族主义或伊斯兰恐惧症也不是真正的原因:如果一个白人的名字、服装风格、态度和说话方式都表明被边缘化,他们将面临同样的排斥.....(想想足球流氓的孩子。)

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Our societal norms are actually quite severe, and enforced by shaming…. No backchat, rudeness, tardiness, ….. is remotely allowed. (Remember how Macron exploded against a kid who addressed him with familiar, rather than polite “you”? That wasn't Macron being cruel — he is just repeating the disciplining he and most people grow up with. Monkey see, monkey do.)
In my experience in Belgium and Holland, ethnically North African youths who go to schools where that mainstream code of behavior is enforced, face no lack of opportunity at all, compared to most whites. It clearly goes wrong in education.

我们的社会规范实际上非常严厉,并通过羞耻来进行执行……任何不敬的言语、粗鲁行为、迟到等都是绝对不允许的。(还记得马克龙对一个称呼他时使用亲切语而不是礼貌用语的孩子大发雷霆的事情吗?那并不是马克龙残忍,而是他在重复他自己和大多数人在成长过程中接受的管教方式。模仿是人的本性。)
根据我在比利时和荷兰的经验,那些就读于强制执行主流行为准则的学校的北非裔青年与大多数白人相比,并不缺乏机会。问题显然出现在教育方面。

Those not so lucky find themselves rejected both in Europe and North Africa, because their values and attitude don't fit in. They live claustrophobically on a concrete island encroached by gentrification. It's understandable they go mad.
Islamist preachers and white progressive politicians take advantage of that dynamic, but neither created the problem.
To give you an example, in a Belgian secondary school (“high school”) recently an LGBT flag (erected by a gay student) was torn up and soiled with food, by 3rd generation Moroccan Belgian students, because they found it insulting and offensive. The principal found it important to have a good chat, in order to understand where they were coming from…

那些不那么幸运的人发现自己在欧洲和北非都被拒绝了,因为他们的价值观和态度不适应。他们幽闭地生活在一个被中产阶级化侵占的混凝土岛上。他们发疯是可以理解的。
伊斯兰传教士和白人进步政治家利用了这种动态,但他们都没有制造问题。
举个例子,最近在一所比利时中学(“高中”),一面LGBT旗帜(由一名同性恋学生竖起)被第三代摩洛哥裔比利时学生撕毁,并被食物弄脏,因为他们觉得这是一种侮辱和冒犯。校长觉得好好谈一谈很重要,这样才能了解他们来自哪里……

That patience would NEVER happen with a white student. Even though some of their grandparents were just as conservative. Their names would be in the media.
So these youngsters in France riot as a form of extortion: Mainstream society should change, so they would feel more at home. Their parents and grandparents failed the peaceful way, and they see no other option left.
The problem starts by it being a taboo to openly demand adherence to our mainstream values, while still enforcing those values anyways because that's all we know — whether you vote left or right..

这种耐心永远不会发生在白人学生身上。尽管他们的一些祖父母也同样保守。他们的名字会出现在媒体上。
因此,这些法国年轻人的骚乱是一种勒索:主流社会应该改变,这样他们才会更有家的感觉。他们的父母和祖父母以和平的方式失败了,他们看不到其他选择。
问题开始于公开要求遵守我们的主流价值观是一种禁忌,同时仍然强制执行这些价值观,因为这就是我们所知道的——无论你投票给左派还是右派。

Ignorance, whether intentional or not, has never solved anything. Except maybe for those who are not «living near the front line».
The problem is that if centrist voters believe that their spoilt politicians do not even WANT to deal with the problem, they might defect and go to the far right — who might go completely overboard in their response.

无论是有意还是无意的无知,从来都解决不了任何问题。除非对于那些"远离前线"的人来说可能例外。
问题在于,如果中间选民相信他们被宠坏的政治家甚至不愿意解决问题,他们可能会背离并转向极右翼——而极右翼可能会在应对问题上过度反应。

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Naveen Subramanian
Much more than that — Radical Islamic ideology and its related identity politics cause chaos and riots across Europe, often in France. An African immigrant, a Muslim named Nahel Mersouk, was shot dead in the Parisian suburb of Nanterre, which ignited these riots — that’s incident. Let’s discuss the root cause.

不仅如此,激进的伊斯兰意识形态及其相关的身份政治在整个欧洲造成了混乱和骚乱,经常发生在法国。一名非洲移民,一名名叫纳赫尔·默苏克的穆斯林,在巴黎郊区南泰尔被枪杀,引发了这些骚乱,这是一起事件。让我们讨论一下根本原因。

France had colonies until the 1970s and accepted many immigrants, mostly Muslims, to handle the labor shortage until the 1980s and early 1990s. Its immigration policy is frxd based on the idea that French culture is superior to any other culture its immigrants follow. “ You come to my land, you follow my culture”. Hence cultural or religious or ethnic groups to protect their group identities were not considered a central issue during immigration since ‘identity politics” wasn’t an issue those days. The Muslim immigrants were incorporated into French culture, social customs, and habits.

直到20世纪70年代,法国还拥有殖民地,并接受了许多移民,其中大部分是穆斯林,以解决劳动力短缺问题,直到20世纪80年代和90年代初。其移民政策的框架是基于法国文化优于其移民所遵循的任何其他文化的观念。“你来到我的土地,你遵循我的文化”。因此,保护其群体身份的文化、宗教或种族群体在移民过程中不被视为中心问题,因为当时“身份政治”还不是一个问题。穆斯林移民融入了法国的文化、社会风俗和习惯。

The people who riot now are 2nd or 3rd generation immigrants, who remain under “immigrant’ status, are treated as immigrants, undergo identity politics, and demand recognition of Islamic identity by wearing hijab, face veil, etc. The French govt denies it as its constitution is based on secular values that deny or ban any religious identity in public places. So radical Islamist ideology is not just about practicing Muslim culture but carrying the identity of Muslims and Islam in public places as a manifestation of “identity politics” against the French govt norms — causing riots and chaos, quite often.

现在骚乱的人是第二代或第三代移民,他们仍然处于“移民”身份,被视为移民,经历身份政治,并要求通过戴头巾、面纱等来承认伊斯兰身份。法国政府对此予以否认,因为其宪法基于世俗价值观,否认或禁止任何宗教身份出现在公共场所。因此,激进的伊斯兰主义意识形态不仅仅是实践穆斯林文化,而是在公共场所携带穆斯林和伊斯兰教的身份,作为反对法国政府规范的“身份政治”的表现——经常引起骚乱和混乱。
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Like Judaism, Islam's religious belief is based on a set of externally determined social rules. These rules are highly localized in accordance with the traditions, customs, saints, and practices of specific places. So the ‘ Muslim identity” becomes problematic when they leave their traditional Muslim society, and immigrate to France. They struggle to conform to France’s cultural norms. This results in a question of ‘authenticity” among Muslim migrants since now there’s a gap between once identity “as a Muslim” and practice french culture and norms. The question of what’s halal and what’s haram gets complicated.

与犹太教一样,伊斯兰教的宗教信仰是基于一套由外部确定的社会规则。这些规则根据特定地方的传统、风俗、圣人和实践而高度地本土化。因此,当穆斯林离开他们传统的穆斯林社会移民到法国时,“穆斯林身份”变得复杂起来。他们努力适应法国的文化规范。这导致穆斯林移民之间出现了“真实性”的问题,因为现在“作为穆斯林”的身份与实践法国文化和规范之间存在差距。对于什么是清真的和什么是禁止的问题也变得复杂起来。

Radical Islamism is based on the quest for identity. The 1st generation of immigrants usually carried their traditional practice. But their children, the present Muslim immigrants, yet have not become integrated into the culture of the new society. Stuck between two cultures with which they cannot identify, they find a strong appeal to promote “Islamic identity”

激进的伊斯兰主义基于对身份的追求。第一代移民通常带着他们的传统习俗。但是他们的孩子,现在的穆斯林移民,还没有融入新社会的文化。他们被困在两种无法认同的文化之间,他们发现了促进“伊斯兰身份”的强烈吸引力。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Globalization, driven by technology and economic opening, has blurred the boundaries between the developed world and traditional Muslim societies. So they constantly feel the urge to establish their blurring ‘Muslim identity”. On the other hand, French citizens believe in the strong sense of what it means to be “French” rather than a Muslim. French civilized culture isn’t based on group rights, because not all groups uphold liberal values — Islam in particular. So incorporating Islam practice and tradition comes with the compromise of France's ethnic values and culture. They don’t want it.

在技术和经济开放的推动下,全球化模糊了发达国家和传统穆斯林社会之间的界限。因此,他们不断感到建立自己模糊的“穆斯林身份”的冲动。另一方面,法国公民强烈地相信“法国人”的意义,而不是穆斯林。法国的文明文化不是建立在群体权利的基础上的,因为并不是所有的群体都支持自由主义价值观——尤其是伊斯兰教。因此,融入伊斯兰教的实践和传统伴随着法国民族价值观和文化的妥协。他们不想要。

The chaos and riots are purely due to radical Islamic ideology and radical Muslim immigrant communities. They are making demands for group rights that simply cannot be squared with France’s liberal principles of individual equality. These demands include special exemptions from the family law that applies to everyone else in the society, the right to exclude non-Muslims from certain types of public events, or the right to challenge free speech in the name of religious offense. This… challenges the values of French culture and political order as a whole.

混乱和骚乱纯粹是激进的伊斯兰意识形态和激进的穆斯林移民社区造成的。他们提出的群体权利要求,与法国个人平等的自由主义原则根本不相符。这些要求包括对适用于社会其他所有人的家庭法的特殊豁免,将非穆斯林排除在某些类型的公共活动之外的权利,或以宗教冒犯的名义挑战言论自由的权利。这…挑战了法国文化的价值观和整个政治秩序。

American life is full of quasi-religious ceremonies and rituals meant to celebrate the country's democratic political institutions: flag-raising ceremonies, the naturalization oath, Thanksgiving, and the 4th of July — All these are practiced to raise the visibility of national citizenship among immigrants. Similarly, France should organize more citizenship ceremonies for immigrants, and conduct citizenship classes for immigrants from schools. This way they define what it means to be a member of French society.

美国生活充满了准宗教的仪式和仪式,旨在庆祝该国的民主政治制度:升国旗仪式、入籍宣誓、感恩节和美国独立日等。所有这些都是为了提高移民对国家公民身份的认同感。同样,法国应该为移民组织更多的公民入籍仪式,并从学校为移民开设公民入籍课程。通过这种方式,他们可以定义成为法国社会成员的含义。

Muslim immigrants should evolve and give up their radical Islamic values and start adapting to multiculturalism — the culture of the host land. You can’t expect welfare benefits from modern societies, by parallelly upholding radical Islamic ideologies while engaging in antisocial activities. This needs to stop.
Original question - What is the actual reason behind the France riots? Is it planned or did it just happen?
Identity and Migration by Francis Fukuyama

穆斯林移民应该进化并放弃他们激进的伊斯兰价值观,开始适应多元文化主义——东道国的文化。你不能指望现代社会的福利,同时坚持激进的伊斯兰意识形态,同时从事反社会活动。这种情况必须停止。
最初的问题-法国骚乱背后的真正原因是什么?这是计划好的还是偶然发生的?
弗朗西斯·福山的《移民与身份认同》

原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


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