如果人们都同意埃及、中国或希腊在古代存在，为什么人们不接受古印度存在呢?为什么很多人说1947年之前没有印度，尽管它有古老的历史?
正文翻译
Thomas Denson
We have to make a distinction between India the region and India the country. India the region existed for thousands of years and is a home of one of the world’s great civilizations. No one disputes that. India the country however, only came into existence in 1947, when it gained its independence from Britain. Prior to that, there were great empires in India, like the Mauryan empire, the Gupta empire, Sultanate of Delhi, and the Mogul empire but none of those great empires were officially called India. The nation of India that appeared in 1947 was the first Indian entity that officially called itself India. The same is true of Greece. There was a region called Greece but prior to 1830, there has never been a country that called itself Greece.
我们必须区分印度这个地区和印度这个国家。印度这个地区已经存在了数千年，是世界上最伟大的文明之一的发源地。这一点无人争议。然而，印度这个国家直到1947年才从英国独立出来。在此之前，印度有一些伟大的帝国，比如孔雀帝国、笈多帝国、德里苏丹国和莫卧儿帝国，但这些伟大的帝国都没有被正式称为印度。1947年出现的印度国家是第一个正式自称为印度的印度实体。希腊也是如此。有一个地区叫希腊，但在1830年以前，从来没有一个国家自称希腊。
Thomas Denson
We have to make a distinction between India the region and India the country. India the region existed for thousands of years and is a home of one of the world’s great civilizations. No one disputes that. India the country however, only came into existence in 1947, when it gained its independence from Britain. Prior to that, there were great empires in India, like the Mauryan empire, the Gupta empire, Sultanate of Delhi, and the Mogul empire but none of those great empires were officially called India. The nation of India that appeared in 1947 was the first Indian entity that officially called itself India. The same is true of Greece. There was a region called Greece but prior to 1830, there has never been a country that called itself Greece.
我们必须区分印度这个地区和印度这个国家。印度这个地区已经存在了数千年，是世界上最伟大的文明之一的发源地。这一点无人争议。然而，印度这个国家直到1947年才从英国独立出来。在此之前，印度有一些伟大的帝国，比如孔雀帝国、笈多帝国、德里苏丹国和莫卧儿帝国，但这些伟大的帝国都没有被正式称为印度。1947年出现的印度国家是第一个正式自称为印度的印度实体。希腊也是如此。有一个地区叫希腊，但在1830年以前，从来没有一个国家自称希腊。
评论翻译
Prabhat Chaubey
It is not right to conclude that people don't accept ancient India existed. As a matter of fact many europeans contributed to discover ancient India. Well,you are right that even today many indians and colonial writers deny for their vested interest. They are indian communists,islamists and people from christian missionary. They are compelled to deny glory of ancient India to create an ideological and cultural vacuum and emptiness so that they can plant and enforce their own agenda .But it will never happen. The modern science and technology are now opening new horizons for ancient India in the field of astrophysics, medicine, ethics,planning and architecture, warfare and environmental protection and spirituality. Thanks
断定人们不接受古代印度存在是不正确的。事实上，许多欧洲人对发现古代印度做出了贡献。然而，你是对的，即使在今天，许多印度人和殖民时期的作家因为自身的利益而否认古代印度的荣耀。这些人包括印度的共产主义者、伊斯兰教徒和基督教传教士。他们被迫否认古代印度的辉煌，以创造一种意识形态和文化的真空和空虚，以便推行和强制执行他们自己的议程。但这永远不会发生。现代科学和技术正在为古代印度在天体物理学、医学、伦理学、规划和建筑、战争和环境保护以及灵性方面开辟新的视野。感谢你的观点。
It is not right to conclude that people don't accept ancient India existed. As a matter of fact many europeans contributed to discover ancient India. Well,you are right that even today many indians and colonial writers deny for their vested interest. They are indian communists,islamists and people from christian missionary. They are compelled to deny glory of ancient India to create an ideological and cultural vacuum and emptiness so that they can plant and enforce their own agenda .But it will never happen. The modern science and technology are now opening new horizons for ancient India in the field of astrophysics, medicine, ethics,planning and architecture, warfare and environmental protection and spirituality. Thanks
断定人们不接受古代印度存在是不正确的。事实上，许多欧洲人对发现古代印度做出了贡献。然而，你是对的，即使在今天，许多印度人和殖民时期的作家因为自身的利益而否认古代印度的荣耀。这些人包括印度的共产主义者、伊斯兰教徒和基督教传教士。他们被迫否认古代印度的辉煌，以创造一种意识形态和文化的真空和空虚，以便推行和强制执行他们自己的议程。但这永远不会发生。现代科学和技术正在为古代印度在天体物理学、医学、伦理学、规划和建筑、战争和环境保护以及灵性方面开辟新的视野。感谢你的观点。
Paul Ross
There was an Indian Subcontinent but no Indian Nation before the British Raj unified the area as a single country. Rather there were a multitude of city-states who were mostly ar war with each other. The British took advantage of this to finally unify the territory once control; was achieved. Now, Indian civilizations did indeed exist well before modern times, and the Indian Civilization has a good claim to be the oldest in the world, extending even into pre-historic times. Indeed the Aryans who populated modern Europe and defeated the original inhabitants there came from India, so we could say that at one time India conquered Europe well before the reverse occurred.
在英国统治前，印度次大陆存在，但没有印度国家。相反，那里存在着众多的城邦，它们大多彼此交战。英国人利用这一点，最终在掌控权后将该地区统一为一个国家。现在，印度文明确实存在于现代之前，并且印度文明有很好的理由称自己是世界上最古老的文明，甚至延伸到史前时代。事实上，居住在现代欧洲并击败了当地原住民的雅利安人源自印度，因此我们可以说在逆过程发生之前，印度曾征服过欧洲。
There was an Indian Subcontinent but no Indian Nation before the British Raj unified the area as a single country. Rather there were a multitude of city-states who were mostly ar war with each other. The British took advantage of this to finally unify the territory once control; was achieved. Now, Indian civilizations did indeed exist well before modern times, and the Indian Civilization has a good claim to be the oldest in the world, extending even into pre-historic times. Indeed the Aryans who populated modern Europe and defeated the original inhabitants there came from India, so we could say that at one time India conquered Europe well before the reverse occurred.
在英国统治前，印度次大陆存在，但没有印度国家。相反，那里存在着众多的城邦，它们大多彼此交战。英国人利用这一点，最终在掌控权后将该地区统一为一个国家。现在，印度文明确实存在于现代之前，并且印度文明有很好的理由称自己是世界上最古老的文明，甚至延伸到史前时代。事实上，居住在现代欧洲并击败了当地原住民的雅利安人源自印度，因此我们可以说在逆过程发生之前，印度曾征服过欧洲。
Daniel Baker
I’ve never heard of anyone denying that Ancient India existed. When I was being home schooled in the late 1970s and early 1980s, I read about the Indus Valley civilization and the ruins of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which were presented as the origin of India. At that time, it was understood that these ruins were older than Mycenae, Athens or the Shang Dynasty.
What started in 1947 was not India, but the Republic of India.
我从未听说过有人否认古代印度的存在。在20世纪70年代末80年代初接受家庭教育时，我读到了关于印度河流域文明以及哈拉帕和摩亨佐达罗遗址的文章，它们被认为是印度的起源。那个时候，人们知道这些遗址比迈锡尼、雅典或商朝还要古老。
1947年开始的并不是印度，而是印度共和国。
I’ve never heard of anyone denying that Ancient India existed. When I was being home schooled in the late 1970s and early 1980s, I read about the Indus Valley civilization and the ruins of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which were presented as the origin of India. At that time, it was understood that these ruins were older than Mycenae, Athens or the Shang Dynasty.
What started in 1947 was not India, but the Republic of India.
我从未听说过有人否认古代印度的存在。在20世纪70年代末80年代初接受家庭教育时，我读到了关于印度河流域文明以及哈拉帕和摩亨佐达罗遗址的文章，它们被认为是印度的起源。那个时候，人们知道这些遗址比迈锡尼、雅典或商朝还要古老。
1947年开始的并不是印度，而是印度共和国。
Malcolm McLean
The British were intensely interested in Ancient Greece, because classics dominated the public school curriculum. And they were also very interested in Ancient Egypt because the artifacts they unearthed there were so remarkable. But they weren’t so interested in Ancient India. That was a living culture, so it was preserved by Indians. A certain stigma attached to it. And there were elements of Hinduism which were hostile to British values and British rule. So the British couldn’t celebrate the Hindu sciptures in the same way that they celebrated the Iliad.
英国人对古希腊非常感兴趣，因为古典作品在公立学校的课程中占据主导地位。他们对古埃及也非常感兴趣，因为他们在那里发掘到的文物非常出色。但是他们对古印度的兴趣不太浓厚。古印度是一个活跃的文化，因此由印度人保留了下来。它带有一定的污名，并且印度教的某些元素对英国价值观和英国统治持敌对态度。因此，英国人无法像庆祝《伊利亚特》一样庆祝印度教经典文献。
The British were intensely interested in Ancient Greece, because classics dominated the public school curriculum. And they were also very interested in Ancient Egypt because the artifacts they unearthed there were so remarkable. But they weren’t so interested in Ancient India. That was a living culture, so it was preserved by Indians. A certain stigma attached to it. And there were elements of Hinduism which were hostile to British values and British rule. So the British couldn’t celebrate the Hindu sciptures in the same way that they celebrated the Iliad.
英国人对古希腊非常感兴趣，因为古典作品在公立学校的课程中占据主导地位。他们对古埃及也非常感兴趣，因为他们在那里发掘到的文物非常出色。但是他们对古印度的兴趣不太浓厚。古印度是一个活跃的文化，因此由印度人保留了下来。它带有一定的污名，并且印度教的某些元素对英国价值观和英国统治持敌对态度。因此，英国人无法像庆祝《伊利亚特》一样庆祝印度教经典文献。
Richard Woods
Absolutely nobody except you says that about India. It has a long and anciently famous history and we owe it much. But it was hidden from the Silk Road by the Himalayas and more.
关于印度，除了您之外，绝对没有人这样说。印度拥有悠久而著名的历史，我们对它怀有很多敬意。但是，由于喜马拉雅山等因素的阻隔，印度在丝绸之路上相对较为隐秘。
Absolutely nobody except you says that about India. It has a long and anciently famous history and we owe it much. But it was hidden from the Silk Road by the Himalayas and more.
关于印度，除了您之外，绝对没有人这样说。印度拥有悠久而著名的历史，我们对它怀有很多敬意。但是，由于喜马拉雅山等因素的阻隔，印度在丝绸之路上相对较为隐秘。
Peter Lewicke
It is generally recognised that there were various states in India in Ancient times, and it is well known that Alexander the Great’s army conquered a substantial part of India, before he changed his mind. Unfortunately, there are no good histories of Ancient India; facts are ,ixed with fantasy, so there is not way to compare the different regions.
普遍认可的是，古代印度存在着各种国家。众所周知，亚历山大大帝的军队征服了印度的一大片领土，尽管后来改变了主意。不幸的是，关于古印度的历史记载并不完善，事实与幻想混杂在一起，因此很难对比不同地区。
It is generally recognised that there were various states in India in Ancient times, and it is well known that Alexander the Great’s army conquered a substantial part of India, before he changed his mind. Unfortunately, there are no good histories of Ancient India; facts are ,ixed with fantasy, so there is not way to compare the different regions.
普遍认可的是，古代印度存在着各种国家。众所周知，亚历山大大帝的军队征服了印度的一大片领土，尽管后来改变了主意。不幸的是，关于古印度的历史记载并不完善，事实与幻想混杂在一起，因此很难对比不同地区。
P.j. Fairchild
Anyone who reads or sees the photos or all the ancient art, architecture, written works, etc knows this to be false. Those who say there was no ancient India are either liars or idiots unless they are only referring to the exact country or government or name of India
任何阅读或观看古代艺术、建筑、书写作品等的人都知道这个说法是错误的。那些声称没有古代印度的人要么是说谎者，要么是白痴，除非他们只是指的确切国家、政府或印度的名称。
Anyone who reads or sees the photos or all the ancient art, architecture, written works, etc knows this to be false. Those who say there was no ancient India are either liars or idiots unless they are only referring to the exact country or government or name of India
任何阅读或观看古代艺术、建筑、书写作品等的人都知道这个说法是错误的。那些声称没有古代印度的人要么是说谎者，要么是白痴，除非他们只是指的确切国家、政府或印度的名称。
Kevin Coleman
Well, Mr Cool, believe me no-one with any shred of historical knowledge says this out loud for fear of being laughed out of the room. How would anyone deny the multi-thousand-year-old Hindu religion and where it started? The land was often called Hindustan, which was not identical with post-1947 India. New religions arose, new conquerors conquered, new dynasties ruled new parts of Hindustan and when the British defeated the Nawab of Bengal, Hindustan started to evolve into a modern state, some ruled by the British Imperial Government, and the rest ruled by their own rulers, who accepted a degree of British supervision.
先生，相信我，没有任何具备丝毫历史知识的人会公开说出这种言论，因为他们怕被人讥笑。有谁能否认几千年历史的印度教及其起源地呢？这片土地经常被称为印度斯坦，它与1947年后的印度并非完全相同。新的宗教涌现出来，新的征服者征服了这片土地，新的王朝统治了印度斯坦的不同地区，当英国击败孟加拉省的纳瓦布时，印度斯坦开始演变成一个现代国家，部分由英国帝国政府统治，其余由自己的统治者掌权，并接受一定程度上的英国监督。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Well, Mr Cool, believe me no-one with any shred of historical knowledge says this out loud for fear of being laughed out of the room. How would anyone deny the multi-thousand-year-old Hindu religion and where it started? The land was often called Hindustan, which was not identical with post-1947 India. New religions arose, new conquerors conquered, new dynasties ruled new parts of Hindustan and when the British defeated the Nawab of Bengal, Hindustan started to evolve into a modern state, some ruled by the British Imperial Government, and the rest ruled by their own rulers, who accepted a degree of British supervision.
先生，相信我，没有任何具备丝毫历史知识的人会公开说出这种言论，因为他们怕被人讥笑。有谁能否认几千年历史的印度教及其起源地呢？这片土地经常被称为印度斯坦，它与1947年后的印度并非完全相同。新的宗教涌现出来，新的征服者征服了这片土地，新的王朝统治了印度斯坦的不同地区，当英国击败孟加拉省的纳瓦布时，印度斯坦开始演变成一个现代国家，部分由英国帝国政府统治，其余由自己的统治者掌权，并接受一定程度上的英国监督。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Ludwig Nijholt
The question confuses India (subcontinent) with modern India (a country).
And I’m not sure where those ‘many people’ you speak of are either.
In short, this seems a rhetorical question, just not a very good one.
这个问题混淆了印度(次大陆)和现代印度(一个国家)。
我也不确定你说的“很多人”在哪里。
简而言之，这似乎是一个反问句，只是不是一个很好的问题。
The question confuses India (subcontinent) with modern India (a country).
And I’m not sure where those ‘many people’ you speak of are either.
In short, this seems a rhetorical question, just not a very good one.
这个问题混淆了印度(次大陆)和现代印度(一个国家)。
我也不确定你说的“很多人”在哪里。
简而言之，这似乎是一个反问句，只是不是一个很好的问题。
Abhijeet Sen
o If people can agree that culturally india was United then they will realize that ancient India existed long before .
DEEP ROOTED CULTURAL UNITY :-
如果人们同意印度在文化上是统一的，那么他们就会意识到古印度很久以前就存在了。
根深蒂固的文化团结:
o If people can agree that culturally india was United then they will realize that ancient India existed long before .
DEEP ROOTED CULTURAL UNITY :-
如果人们同意印度在文化上是统一的，那么他们就会意识到古印度很久以前就存在了。
根深蒂固的文化团结:
· Ancient LORD SHIVA Temple Kedarnath, Kaleshwaram, Kalahasti, Akhaseshwar, Chidambaram and finally the Rameswaram temples have been built in the geographical straight line of or nearer to that of 79° E 41 '54 “Longitude. Further, it is believed that many more temples fall in this straight line from Kedarnath to Rameswaram
DEEP ROOTED SECULARISM :-
· The most successful dynasty in India in terms of building monuments is RASHTRAKUTA DYNASTY(735-982)
· They are so successful patronized HINDUISM. In addition, they also protected JAINISM, BUDDHISM, and ISLAM compared to other dynasties that came before or after them.
· 古老的湿婆神庙凯达尔纳特、卡勒斯瓦拉姆、卡拉哈斯蒂、阿克哈舍什瓦尔、吉登伯勒姆和最后的拉梅斯沃勒姆庙都建在地理上与 79° E 41 '54 "经度或更近的直线上。此外，据信从凯达尔纳特到拉梅斯沃勒姆还有许多庙宇也位于这条直线上。
深植的世俗主义：
· 从建造纪念碑的角度来看，在印度最成功的王朝是罗湿陀罗拘陀王朝（公元735年至982年）。
· 他们非常成功地赞助了印度教。此外，与其他先前或随后的王朝相比，他们也保护了耆那教、佛教和伊斯兰教。
DEEP ROOTED SECULARISM :-
· The most successful dynasty in India in terms of building monuments is RASHTRAKUTA DYNASTY(735-982)
· They are so successful patronized HINDUISM. In addition, they also protected JAINISM, BUDDHISM, and ISLAM compared to other dynasties that came before or after them.
· 古老的湿婆神庙凯达尔纳特、卡勒斯瓦拉姆、卡拉哈斯蒂、阿克哈舍什瓦尔、吉登伯勒姆和最后的拉梅斯沃勒姆庙都建在地理上与 79° E 41 '54 "经度或更近的直线上。此外，据信从凯达尔纳特到拉梅斯沃勒姆还有许多庙宇也位于这条直线上。
深植的世俗主义：
· 从建造纪念碑的角度来看，在印度最成功的王朝是罗湿陀罗拘陀王朝（公元735年至982年）。
· 他们非常成功地赞助了印度教。此外，与其他先前或随后的王朝相比，他们也保护了耆那教、佛教和伊斯兰教。
o The KAILASH TEMPLE (CAVE 16) is the largest of the 34 BUDDHIST, .JAIN and HINDU cave temples and monasteries, collectively known as the ELLORA CAVES.
· The Arab historian and geographer Al-Masudi writes:-
o “ There are Musalmans in its (lands of Balhara) cities, and none but Musalmans rule over them on the part of the Balhara. There are Juma Masjids (where Mohammedans assemble to pray) “
o [ Here, Bulhara or Balhara refers to Ballaha-raya, a Prakrit form of Vallabha-Raja, which was one of the royal titles of the Rashtrakuta kings ]
THE MARVEL OF VAIDIC TECHNOLOGY :-
· Archaeologists also bowed before the temple
· 凯拉萨神庙（第16洞）是埃洛拉石窟中34个佛教、耆那教和印度教洞窟寺庙和僧院中最大的一个。
· 阿拉伯历史学家和地理学家阿尔-马苏迪写道：
"在巴拉哈的城市中有穆斯林，只有穆斯林才能统治他们的土地。那里有清真寺（穆斯林聚集祈祷的地方）。"
威迪克技术的奇迹：
· 考古学家们也对这座寺庙表示敬意。
· The Arab historian and geographer Al-Masudi writes:-
o “ There are Musalmans in its (lands of Balhara) cities, and none but Musalmans rule over them on the part of the Balhara. There are Juma Masjids (where Mohammedans assemble to pray) “
o [ Here, Bulhara or Balhara refers to Ballaha-raya, a Prakrit form of Vallabha-Raja, which was one of the royal titles of the Rashtrakuta kings ]
THE MARVEL OF VAIDIC TECHNOLOGY :-
· Archaeologists also bowed before the temple
· 凯拉萨神庙（第16洞）是埃洛拉石窟中34个佛教、耆那教和印度教洞窟寺庙和僧院中最大的一个。
· 阿拉伯历史学家和地理学家阿尔-马苏迪写道：
"在巴拉哈的城市中有穆斯林，只有穆斯林才能统治他们的土地。那里有清真寺（穆斯林聚集祈祷的地方）。"
威迪克技术的奇迹：
· 考古学家们也对这座寺庙表示敬意。
Interesting facts about world's largest monolithic structure-the Kailash Temple in Ellora"
· Many elephants have been built under the temple. It is believed that the temple completely rests on them.
· The temple has more than a hundred panels. Many forms of Lord Vishnu and scenes from Mahabharata have also been depicted on them.
· Different types of scxts have been used on the walls of this temple. Till date no one has understood anything about them.
o It is said that during the British rule, the British started research work on the caves under the temple. But due to the high radioactivity there, it became difficult to do research. It is believed that there may be land weapons and weapons used in temple construction. Then the British closed this research and closed these caves.
o Let us tell you that even after getting independence, these caves have been kept closed.
o ARCHAEOLOGISTS BELIEVE THAT THERE MAY BE ANOTHER WORLD BEYOND THESE CAVES, WHERE DO THESE RADIOACTIVE RAYS COME FROM BECAUSE THESE RAYS COME FROM ONLY ONE SOURCE IN THE CAVES.
关于埃洛拉的凯拉萨寺庙（世界上最大的整体石结构）的有趣事实：
· 寺庙下面建造了许多大象。据信整座寺庙完全靠它们支撑着。
· 这座寺庙有一百多个壁画。其中描绘了维希努神的许多形象和《摩诃婆罗多》中的场景。
· 在这座寺庙的墙壁上使用了不同类型的文字。到目前为止，没有人能够理解它们。
- 据说在英国统治期间，英国人开始对寺庙下的洞穴进行研究。但由于那里的高放射性，研究变得困难。人们认为可能有土地武器和用于寺庙建设的武器。然后英国人关闭了这项研究，并关闭了这些洞穴。
- 值得注意的是，即使在获得独立后，这些洞穴也一直被关闭。
- 考古学家认为，在这些洞穴之外可能还存在着另一个世界，放射线只来自洞穴中的一个源头。
· Many elephants have been built under the temple. It is believed that the temple completely rests on them.
· The temple has more than a hundred panels. Many forms of Lord Vishnu and scenes from Mahabharata have also been depicted on them.
· Different types of scxts have been used on the walls of this temple. Till date no one has understood anything about them.
o It is said that during the British rule, the British started research work on the caves under the temple. But due to the high radioactivity there, it became difficult to do research. It is believed that there may be land weapons and weapons used in temple construction. Then the British closed this research and closed these caves.
o Let us tell you that even after getting independence, these caves have been kept closed.
o ARCHAEOLOGISTS BELIEVE THAT THERE MAY BE ANOTHER WORLD BEYOND THESE CAVES, WHERE DO THESE RADIOACTIVE RAYS COME FROM BECAUSE THESE RAYS COME FROM ONLY ONE SOURCE IN THE CAVES.
关于埃洛拉的凯拉萨寺庙（世界上最大的整体石结构）的有趣事实：
· 寺庙下面建造了许多大象。据信整座寺庙完全靠它们支撑着。
· 这座寺庙有一百多个壁画。其中描绘了维希努神的许多形象和《摩诃婆罗多》中的场景。
· 在这座寺庙的墙壁上使用了不同类型的文字。到目前为止，没有人能够理解它们。
- 据说在英国统治期间，英国人开始对寺庙下的洞穴进行研究。但由于那里的高放射性，研究变得困难。人们认为可能有土地武器和用于寺庙建设的武器。然后英国人关闭了这项研究，并关闭了这些洞穴。
- 值得注意的是，即使在获得独立后，这些洞穴也一直被关闭。
- 考古学家认为，在这些洞穴之外可能还存在着另一个世界，放射线只来自洞穴中的一个源头。
Avinash Kulkarni
Only ignorant and foolish people say that india came after 1947.
India's history is given in Bhagavat is till 10,000 yeras old and Krishna tells Arjuna that he has told yoga to Vivaswan thousands of years back and Shrikrushna,Arjun are historical people at least 5000years back.
Bharat varsh existed from the time imemorial , from the birth of Earth.
只有无知和愚蠢的人才会说印度是在1947年之后存在的。
印度的历史在《薄伽梵》中被记录了一万年，克里希纳告诉阿周那，他在数千年前就向维瓦斯旺传授了瑜伽，而克里希纳、阿周那至少在5000年前就是真实存在的人物。
从亘古时期、地球诞生之初起，巴拉特瓦尔什（即印度）就一直存在。
Only ignorant and foolish people say that india came after 1947.
India's history is given in Bhagavat is till 10,000 yeras old and Krishna tells Arjuna that he has told yoga to Vivaswan thousands of years back and Shrikrushna,Arjun are historical people at least 5000years back.
Bharat varsh existed from the time imemorial , from the birth of Earth.
只有无知和愚蠢的人才会说印度是在1947年之后存在的。
印度的历史在《薄伽梵》中被记录了一万年，克里希纳告诉阿周那，他在数千年前就向维瓦斯旺传授了瑜伽，而克里希纳、阿周那至少在5000年前就是真实存在的人物。
从亘古时期、地球诞生之初起，巴拉特瓦尔什（即印度）就一直存在。
Marius Pudzianowski
It was a year near 325 BC, Alexander the Great led his armies into India and fought a battle there.
I don’t know what they called it back then, but India has always existed and this has never been a secret.
在公元前325年左右，亚历山大大帝率领他的军队进入印度并在那里进行了一场战斗。
虽然我不知道当时人们如何称呼这个地方，但印度一直存在，并不是什么秘密。
It was a year near 325 BC, Alexander the Great led his armies into India and fought a battle there.
I don’t know what they called it back then, but India has always existed and this has never been a secret.
在公元前325年左右，亚历山大大帝率领他的军队进入印度并在那里进行了一场战斗。
虽然我不知道当时人们如何称呼这个地方，但印度一直存在，并不是什么秘密。
Bhanu Padmo
Let’s try to understand these two sets of concepts: polity versus culture, political sovereignty versus cultural sovereignty, political dominion versus cultural region.
A cultural region would comprise a number of political dominions conjoined spiritually by the common culture. The strength of the culture of the region would determine the limit to the number of its political constituencies.
让我们试着理解这两组概念：政治与文化、政治主权与文化主权、政治领土与文化区域。
文化区域由一些通过共同文化在精神上连接的政治领土组成。该区域的文化力量将决定其政治选区数量的限制。
Let’s try to understand these two sets of concepts: polity versus culture, political sovereignty versus cultural sovereignty, political dominion versus cultural region.
A cultural region would comprise a number of political dominions conjoined spiritually by the common culture. The strength of the culture of the region would determine the limit to the number of its political constituencies.
让我们试着理解这两组概念：政治与文化、政治主权与文化主权、政治领土与文化区域。
文化区域由一些通过共同文化在精神上连接的政治领土组成。该区域的文化力量将决定其政治选区数量的限制。
Take, for example, three political dominions conjoined spiritually by a common culture to form an “invisible cultural confederacy” (without a federal constitution). The solidarity of the invisible/ undeclared cultural confederacy would be directly proportional to the spiritual strength of the common culture. The uncertainty of persistence of the solidarity of the confederacy would be inversely proportional to the square of the number of its political constituencies.
Till the solidarity remains unshaken, this “cultural confederacy of three political constituencies” could be taken as a “virtual political dominion” and could be treated as a “cultural dominion”.
例如，假设有三个通过共同文化在精神上连接的政治领土形成一个“无形的文化联盟”（没有联邦宪法）。无形/未声明的文化联盟的团结将与共同文化的精神力量成正比。该联盟团结的持久性不确定性将与其政治选区数量的平方成反比。
在团结保持不动的情况下，这个“三个政治选区的文化联盟”可以被看作是一个“虚拟的政治领土”，可以被视为一个“文化领土”。
Till the solidarity remains unshaken, this “cultural confederacy of three political constituencies” could be taken as a “virtual political dominion” and could be treated as a “cultural dominion”.
例如，假设有三个通过共同文化在精神上连接的政治领土形成一个“无形的文化联盟”（没有联邦宪法）。无形/未声明的文化联盟的团结将与共同文化的精神力量成正比。该联盟团结的持久性不确定性将与其政治选区数量的平方成反比。
在团结保持不动的情况下，这个“三个政治选区的文化联盟”可以被看作是一个“虚拟的政治领土”，可以被视为一个“文化领土”。
Thus, by the time the cultural confederacy has seven political members, the uncertainty of persistence of solidarity would rise to 7x7= 49 (3x3 = 9 in the earlier case). That is to say, to maintain the previous solidarity (of the 3-nation confederacy requiring a cultural strength of 3 for persistence of its solidarity) in the 7-nation confederacy, the spiritual strength of the culture has to shoot up to 49.
India was a cultural confederacy comprising innumerable sovereign political dominions which finally swelled to have the subcontinental perimeter. So, India was forever the Cultural India (Indian Cultural Confederacy, de facto Indian Cultural Dominion), not the Political India (Indian Political Dominion).
因此，当文化联盟拥有七个政治成员时，团结持久性的不确定性将上升到7x7=49（之前的情况下为3x3=9）。也就是说，为了保持先前三个国家联盟持久的团结（需要文化力量为3），在七个国家联盟中，文化的精神力量必须提高到49。
印度是一个包含无数主权政治领土的文化联盟，最终膨胀成为一个次大陆。因此，印度永远是文化印度（印度文化联盟，实际上的印度文化领土），而不是政治印度（印度政治领土）。
India was a cultural confederacy comprising innumerable sovereign political dominions which finally swelled to have the subcontinental perimeter. So, India was forever the Cultural India (Indian Cultural Confederacy, de facto Indian Cultural Dominion), not the Political India (Indian Political Dominion).
因此，当文化联盟拥有七个政治成员时，团结持久性的不确定性将上升到7x7=49（之前的情况下为3x3=9）。也就是说，为了保持先前三个国家联盟持久的团结（需要文化力量为3），在七个国家联盟中，文化的精神力量必须提高到49。
印度是一个包含无数主权政治领土的文化联盟，最终膨胀成为一个次大陆。因此，印度永远是文化印度（印度文化联盟，实际上的印度文化领土），而不是政治印度（印度政治领土）。
What is appalling about the spiritual strength of the Indian Culture is that Indian Cultural Confederacy could hold so many political constituencies together!
Even if you modestly take “a thousand” to be the count of the political constituencies of the Ancient Indian Subcontinent, the spiritual strength of the Subcontinental Culture would have been 1000x1000 =1,000,000!!
Thus, what gleams more behind the idea of the Cultural Confederacy is its cultural strength, than its geographical polity. For the Immense Indian Cultural Confederacy of innumerable political constituencies, the Ancient Indian Cultural Strength would be out of proportion.
令人震惊的是，印度文化的精神力量使得众多政治选区能够团结在一起！
即使你谦虚地认为古代印度次大陆有“一千个”政治选区，次大陆文化的精神力量将是1000x1000=1,000,000！
因此，文化联盟的概念更凸显的是其文化力量，而不是其地理政治。对于无数政治选区的巨大印度文化联盟来说，古代印度文化的力量是超乎比例的。
Even if you modestly take “a thousand” to be the count of the political constituencies of the Ancient Indian Subcontinent, the spiritual strength of the Subcontinental Culture would have been 1000x1000 =1,000,000!!
Thus, what gleams more behind the idea of the Cultural Confederacy is its cultural strength, than its geographical polity. For the Immense Indian Cultural Confederacy of innumerable political constituencies, the Ancient Indian Cultural Strength would be out of proportion.
令人震惊的是，印度文化的精神力量使得众多政治选区能够团结在一起！
即使你谦虚地认为古代印度次大陆有“一千个”政治选区，次大陆文化的精神力量将是1000x1000=1,000,000！
因此，文化联盟的概念更凸显的是其文化力量，而不是其地理政治。对于无数政治选区的巨大印度文化联盟来说，古代印度文化的力量是超乎比例的。
You are baffled by the “invisibility of the Indian Cultural Confederacy” and that is how you have been missing “India” in antique historical descxtions.
However, India wasn’t amiss, for others.
Read these observations about Ancient India only in a single context, the “context of East Indies”:
你对“印度文化联盟的隐形性”感到困惑，这就是你在古代历史描述中错过“印度”的原因。
然而，对于其他人来说，印度并没有被忽略。
在东印度群岛的单一语境中阅读有关古代印度的观察：
However, India wasn’t amiss, for others.
Read these observations about Ancient India only in a single context, the “context of East Indies”:
你对“印度文化联盟的隐形性”感到困惑，这就是你在古代历史描述中错过“印度”的原因。
然而，对于其他人来说，印度并没有被忽略。
在东印度群岛的单一语境中阅读有关古代印度的观察：
((excerpts))
The East Indies (or simply the Indies), is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies refers to various lands in the East or the Eastern hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape route was discovered. …
Nowadays, this term is broadly used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Indonesian Archipelago, Malaysian Borneo, the Philippine Archipelago, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago. …
（摘录） 东印度（或简称印度）是在大航海时代的历史记载中使用的一个术语。印度指的是东方或东半球的各个陆地，特别是由葡萄牙探险家在开辟了好望角航线后不久发现的印度洋周围的岛屿和大陆。… 如今，这个词广泛用来指马来群岛，也就是今天包括印度尼西亚群岛、马来西亚婆罗洲、菲律宾群岛和新几内亚的地区。历史上，这个术语在大航海时代被用来指印度次大陆和印度支那半岛以及马来群岛的海岸地区。…
The East Indies (or simply the Indies), is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies refers to various lands in the East or the Eastern hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape route was discovered. …
Nowadays, this term is broadly used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Indonesian Archipelago, Malaysian Borneo, the Philippine Archipelago, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago. …
（摘录） 东印度（或简称印度）是在大航海时代的历史记载中使用的一个术语。印度指的是东方或东半球的各个陆地，特别是由葡萄牙探险家在开辟了好望角航线后不久发现的印度洋周围的岛屿和大陆。… 如今，这个词广泛用来指马来群岛，也就是今天包括印度尼西亚群岛、马来西亚婆罗洲、菲律宾群岛和新几内亚的地区。历史上，这个术语在大航海时代被用来指印度次大陆和印度支那半岛以及马来群岛的海岸地区。…
During the era of European colonization, territories of the Spanish Empire in Asia were known as the Spanish East Indies for 333 years before the American conquest. …
Dutch occupied colonies in the area were known for about 300 years as the Dutch East Indies till Indonesian independence. …
在欧洲殖民时代，西班牙帝国在亚洲的领土在美国征服之前的333年里被称为西属东印度群岛。…
荷兰在该地区的殖民地被称为荷属东印度群岛约300年，直到印度尼西亚独立。…
Dutch occupied colonies in the area were known for about 300 years as the Dutch East Indies till Indonesian independence. …
在欧洲殖民时代，西班牙帝国在亚洲的领土在美国征服之前的333年里被称为西属东印度群岛。…
荷兰在该地区的殖民地被称为荷属东印度群岛约300年，直到印度尼西亚独立。…
The East Indies may also include the former French Indochina, former British territories Brunei, Hong Kong and Singapore and former Portuguese Macau and Timor. …
Regions of the East Indies are sometimes known by the colonial empire they once belonged to, hence, Spanish East Indies means the Philippines, Dutch East Indies means Indonesia, and British East Indies refers to Malaysia.
Historically, the king of Abyssinia (modern Ethiopia) was identified with "Prester John of the Indies", since that part of the world was imagined to be ONE OF “THREE INDIAS”. …
东印度地区有时以他们曾属于的殖民帝国而闻名，因此西班牙东印度指的是菲律宾，荷属东印度指的是印度尼西亚，而英属东印度则指马来西亚。 在历史上，阿比西尼亚国王（现代埃塞俄比亚）被认为是“印度的约翰主教”，因为人们想象那个世界的这一部分是“三个印度”之一。…
Regions of the East Indies are sometimes known by the colonial empire they once belonged to, hence, Spanish East Indies means the Philippines, Dutch East Indies means Indonesia, and British East Indies refers to Malaysia.
Historically, the king of Abyssinia (modern Ethiopia) was identified with "Prester John of the Indies", since that part of the world was imagined to be ONE OF “THREE INDIAS”. …
东印度地区有时以他们曾属于的殖民帝国而闻名，因此西班牙东印度指的是菲律宾，荷属东印度指的是印度尼西亚，而英属东印度则指马来西亚。 在历史上，阿比西尼亚国王（现代埃塞俄比亚）被认为是“印度的约翰主教”，因为人们想象那个世界的这一部分是“三个印度”之一。…
The Portuguese described the entire region they discovered as the Indies. Eventually, the region would be broken up into a series of Indies: The East Indies, which was also called "Old Indies" or "Great Indies", consisting of India, and the West Indies, also called "New Indies" or "Little Indies", consisting of the Americas. …
The New World was initially thought to be the easternmost part of the Indies by explorer Christopher Columbus, who had grossly underestimated the westerly distance from Europe to Asia. Later, to avoid confusion, the New World came to be called the "West Indies", while the original Indies came to be called the "East Indies".
葡萄牙人将他们所发现的整个地区描述为印度。最终，该地区被分割成一系列的印度：东印度，也被称为“旧印度”或“大印度”，包括印度；以及西印度，也被称为“新印度”或“小印度”，包括美洲。… 克里斯托弗·哥伦布探险家最初认为新大陆是印度的最东部部分，他严重低估了从欧洲到亚洲的西距离。后来为了避免混淆，新大陆被称为“西印度”，而原来的印度被称为“东印度”。…
The New World was initially thought to be the easternmost part of the Indies by explorer Christopher Columbus, who had grossly underestimated the westerly distance from Europe to Asia. Later, to avoid confusion, the New World came to be called the "West Indies", while the original Indies came to be called the "East Indies".
葡萄牙人将他们所发现的整个地区描述为印度。最终，该地区被分割成一系列的印度：东印度，也被称为“旧印度”或“大印度”，包括印度；以及西印度，也被称为“新印度”或“小印度”，包括美洲。… 克里斯托弗·哥伦布探险家最初认为新大陆是印度的最东部部分，他严重低估了从欧洲到亚洲的西距离。后来为了避免混淆，新大陆被称为“西印度”，而原来的印度被称为“东印度”。…
During the Harsha's reign a term FIVE INDIES was used as a synonym for the territory to the north of the Vindhyas. According to XUANZANG "The circumference of the FIVE INDIES is about 90,000 li; on three sides it is surrounded by a great sea; on the north it is supported by icy mountains. In the north it is wide and narrow in the south; its shape is crescent". …
在哈沙统治时期，一个名为“五个印度”的术语被用作指北部边界以南的地区的同义词。根据玄奘的说法，“五个印度的周长约为90,000里；它的三面被大海环绕；北面有冰山的支持。北部辽阔，南部狭窄，形状呈新月”。…
在哈沙统治时期，一个名为“五个印度”的术语被用作指北部边界以南的地区的同义词。根据玄奘的说法，“五个印度的周长约为90,000里；它的三面被大海环绕；北面有冰山的支持。北部辽阔，南部狭窄，形状呈新月”。…
Thomas Sherer
Because they are ignorant of it. The Indus Valley (IVC) may have been the 1st Urban civilization. Maybe Anatolia beat them, but too much of the Indus civilization is under the Indian Ocean now to properly utate that. Ur in Mesopotamia and IVC were both ‘founded’ during the 3rd Milenium B.C.E.
因为他们对此一无所知。印度河流域(IVC)可能是第一个城市文明。也许安纳托利亚打败了他们，但现在太多的印度河文明在印度洋下，无法正确评估这一点。美索不达米亚的乌尔和印度河流域文明都是在公元前三千年“建立”的
Because they are ignorant of it. The Indus Valley (IVC) may have been the 1st Urban civilization. Maybe Anatolia beat them, but too much of the Indus civilization is under the Indian Ocean now to properly utate that. Ur in Mesopotamia and IVC were both ‘founded’ during the 3rd Milenium B.C.E.
因为他们对此一无所知。印度河流域(IVC)可能是第一个城市文明。也许安纳托利亚打败了他们，但现在太多的印度河文明在印度洋下，无法正确评估这一点。美索不达米亚的乌尔和印度河流域文明都是在公元前三千年“建立”的
Pravinchandra G Dhameliya
Why you wants approval of those people?.
Let that fool's roam around.
India is mother of all civilisations.
All knowledge and humanity.
Only place where Jews were not attacked during holocaust.
All fool's also accept there was Indus valley civilisation.
They just claims that civilisation was destroyed by modern day North Indians.
That is entirely false.
Problem is they were made education ministers of new India.
Four out of first five ministers of education were Islamists.
So why they will t ACH you about greatness of this country and civilisation?
They themselves were product of western invasions.
你为什么想得到那些人的认可?
让那个傻瓜到处乱跑吧。
印度是所有文明之母。
所有的知识和人性。
唯一一个犹太人在大屠杀中没有受到攻击的地方。
傻瓜也都承认印度河流域文明的存在。
他们只是声称文明被现代北印度人摧毁了。
这完全是错误的。
问题是他们被任命为新印度的教育部长。
前5位教育部长中有4位是伊斯兰教徒。
为什么他们不告诉你这个国家和文明的伟大之处呢?
他们本身就是西方入侵的产物。
Why you wants approval of those people?.
Let that fool's roam around.
India is mother of all civilisations.
All knowledge and humanity.
Only place where Jews were not attacked during holocaust.
All fool's also accept there was Indus valley civilisation.
They just claims that civilisation was destroyed by modern day North Indians.
That is entirely false.
Problem is they were made education ministers of new India.
Four out of first five ministers of education were Islamists.
So why they will t ACH you about greatness of this country and civilisation?
They themselves were product of western invasions.
你为什么想得到那些人的认可?
让那个傻瓜到处乱跑吧。
印度是所有文明之母。
所有的知识和人性。
唯一一个犹太人在大屠杀中没有受到攻击的地方。
傻瓜也都承认印度河流域文明的存在。
他们只是声称文明被现代北印度人摧毁了。
这完全是错误的。
问题是他们被任命为新印度的教育部长。
前5位教育部长中有4位是伊斯兰教徒。
为什么他们不告诉你这个国家和文明的伟大之处呢?
他们本身就是西方入侵的产物。
Dan Vasii
Because, apart from Egypt, China or Greece, that existed as polities in those ancient times, India did not. There were a lot of states, empires, polities, but none unifying the entire India.
Even the greatest of the ancient Indian empires - Maurya - left the most Southern part of India out of its influence - plus this influence extended only in the urbanized areas. Plus to plus, it did not take the name of India. Plus to plus to plus, Indians did not identify themselves as such, but as subjects of those polities.
因为在古代，除了埃及、中国和希腊存在的政体，印度没有。有很多国家、帝国、政治，但没有一个能统一整个印度。
即使是最伟大的古印度帝国——孔雀王朝——也把印度最南部的地区排除在其影响之外，而且这种影响只延伸到城市化地区。此外，该帝国也没有采用"印度"这个名称。再加上，印度人当时并不认同自己是"印度人"，而是视自己为那些政权的臣民。
Because, apart from Egypt, China or Greece, that existed as polities in those ancient times, India did not. There were a lot of states, empires, polities, but none unifying the entire India.
Even the greatest of the ancient Indian empires - Maurya - left the most Southern part of India out of its influence - plus this influence extended only in the urbanized areas. Plus to plus, it did not take the name of India. Plus to plus to plus, Indians did not identify themselves as such, but as subjects of those polities.
因为在古代，除了埃及、中国和希腊存在的政体，印度没有。有很多国家、帝国、政治，但没有一个能统一整个印度。
即使是最伟大的古印度帝国——孔雀王朝——也把印度最南部的地区排除在其影响之外，而且这种影响只延伸到城市化地区。此外，该帝国也没有采用"印度"这个名称。再加上，印度人当时并不认同自己是"印度人"，而是视自己为那些政权的臣民。
Ska
Greece DID NOT exist in ancient times. The culture of Hellenes existed but the region of Greece was not one political body until the 1800s when they wrested independence from the Ottomans. Similarly, the culture of Hindus and Punjabi existed for a long time but was not one political unit until they wrested independence from the English.
Unlike Greece or India, Egypt and China were one singular nation at some points in their ancient history.
希腊在古代并不存在。希腊人的文化是存在的，但希腊地区直到19世纪才成为一个政治实体，当时他们从奥斯曼人手中夺取了独立。同样，印度文化和旁遮普文化存在了很长时间，但直到他们从英国人手中独立出来才成为一个政治单位。
与希腊或印度不同，埃及和中国在其古代历史的某些时候是一个单一的国家。
Greece DID NOT exist in ancient times. The culture of Hellenes existed but the region of Greece was not one political body until the 1800s when they wrested independence from the Ottomans. Similarly, the culture of Hindus and Punjabi existed for a long time but was not one political unit until they wrested independence from the English.
Unlike Greece or India, Egypt and China were one singular nation at some points in their ancient history.
希腊在古代并不存在。希腊人的文化是存在的，但希腊地区直到19世纪才成为一个政治实体，当时他们从奥斯曼人手中夺取了独立。同样，印度文化和旁遮普文化存在了很长时间，但直到他们从英国人手中独立出来才成为一个政治单位。
与希腊或印度不同，埃及和中国在其古代历史的某些时候是一个单一的国家。
Jonathan Abarbanel
They mean the independent nation called India, which did not exist prior to 1947, but various kingdoms, states and territories existed on the India sub-continent for thousands of years, and no one disputes that. FYI: Greece did not exist in ancient times. Greece did not exist as an independent nation until the 1820s. What DID exists in ancient times were a number of independent city-states which shared a common language, religion and culture, among them Athens, Sparta and Corinth. The rest of the world may have called them, collectively, Greece, or referred to “India” as a collective term, but the modern nation do not have histories as nations going back to antiquity. By the way, neither does China, which long was divided into many different states and cultures. Only Egypt has survived, intact, as an independent self-identified nation from antiquity ’til today.
他们指的是印度这个独立的国家，在1947年之前并不存在，但是在印度次大陆上存在着各种各样的王国、邦和领土，几千年来没有人对此有异议。仅供参考:希腊在古代并不存在。直到19世纪20年代，希腊才作为一个独立的国家存在。在古代存在的是一些拥有共同语言、宗教和文化的独立城邦，其中包括雅典、斯巴达和科林斯。世界上其他地方可能把他们统称为希腊，或者统称为“印度”，但现代国家并没有追溯到古代的国家历史。顺便说一下，中国也没有，它长期被分成许多不同的国家和文化。从古代到今天，只有埃及作为一个独立的自我认同的国家完好无损地幸存下来。
They mean the independent nation called India, which did not exist prior to 1947, but various kingdoms, states and territories existed on the India sub-continent for thousands of years, and no one disputes that. FYI: Greece did not exist in ancient times. Greece did not exist as an independent nation until the 1820s. What DID exists in ancient times were a number of independent city-states which shared a common language, religion and culture, among them Athens, Sparta and Corinth. The rest of the world may have called them, collectively, Greece, or referred to “India” as a collective term, but the modern nation do not have histories as nations going back to antiquity. By the way, neither does China, which long was divided into many different states and cultures. Only Egypt has survived, intact, as an independent self-identified nation from antiquity ’til today.
他们指的是印度这个独立的国家，在1947年之前并不存在，但是在印度次大陆上存在着各种各样的王国、邦和领土，几千年来没有人对此有异议。仅供参考:希腊在古代并不存在。直到19世纪20年代，希腊才作为一个独立的国家存在。在古代存在的是一些拥有共同语言、宗教和文化的独立城邦，其中包括雅典、斯巴达和科林斯。世界上其他地方可能把他们统称为希腊，或者统称为“印度”，但现代国家并没有追溯到古代的国家历史。顺便说一下，中国也没有，它长期被分成许多不同的国家和文化。从古代到今天，只有埃及作为一个独立的自我认同的国家完好无损地幸存下来。
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