网友讨论:格陵兰岛和南极洲的陆上冰盖是否在继续融化?
2023-09-03 阿煌看什么 4459
正文翻译

Scientists now have unambiguous proof that a phenomenon critical to predicting the impact of climate change exists.
Researchers announced Thursday that they had detected the sea level “fingerprint” of the Greenland ice sheet melt, pinpointing the unique pattern of sea level change lixed to the melting ice.
It’s the first time such a fingerprint has been definitively measured. While scientists agreed such fingerprints theoretically exist, the dynamic nature of the ocean had made it difficult to identify them confidently — until now.

科学家们现在有了明确的证据,证明了存在一种对预测气候变化影响至关重要的现象
研究人员周四宣布,他们已经检测到了格陵兰冰盖融化的海平面 "指纹",准确地指出了与冰层融化有关的海平面变化的独特模式。
这是首次对这种指纹进行明确测量。虽然科学家们曾认为这种指纹在理论上是存在的,但是海洋的动态性质使得我们很难有把握地识别它们,不过现在可以了。

The findings, which were possible with the help of high-resolution satellite observations, detail the unique pattern of sea level change lixed to the Greenland ice sheet. The fingerprints are factored into models to predict overall sea level rise.
The discovery confirms and adds confidence to the sea level changes forecast by computational models. They are critical for understanding the consequences of climate change and preparing for future hazards. It is now more than clear that the melting of the Greenland ice sheet is accelerating, said Sophie Coulson a postdoctoral fellow at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Coulson is the lead author of the study that led to the findings, which were published in the journal Science.

借助于高分辨率卫星观测,这些发现详细描述了与格陵兰冰原相关的海平面变化的独特模式。这些指纹被纳入预测整体海平面上升的模型之中。
这一发现证实并增加了计算模型对海平面变化预报的可信度。它们对于理解气候变化的后果和为未来的灾害做好准备至关重要。洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的博士后苏菲·库尔森表示,现在非常清楚的是,格陵兰冰原正在加速融化。库尔森是这项研究的主要作者,该研究导致了这一发现,并发表在《科学》杂志上。

Until recently, fingerprint science was restrained by a lack of satellite observations — records documented only the southern tip of Greenland, making it difficult to examine the oceans around it.
The Greenland ice sheet, which covers almost 80% of the island country, contains enormous quantities of frozen water. The rapid melting of the Greenland ice sheet is responsible for 20% of the current sea level rise globally, and a recent study predicted its disintegration would raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches, even if people stop burning fossil fuels.

直到最近,指纹科学还因缺乏卫星观测而受到限制,只有格陵兰岛南端的记录,这使得研究其周围的海洋变得困难。
格陵兰冰原覆盖了这座岛国近80%的面积,其中含有大量的冰冻水。目前全球海平面上升的20%是由于格陵兰冰原的快速融化造成的,最近的一项研究预测,即使人们停止燃烧化石燃料,它的解体也会使全球海平面上升至少10英寸。

The study was possible thanks to new satellite data shared by the Copernicus Marine Service, data that spanned over 30 years and extended to higher latitudes. Coulson plugged observations of ice-thickness change into a computational model and created a prediction of sea level from 1993 to 2019. She then compared the forecast against the new satellite data — and found a perfect match.

这项研究之所以成为可能,是因为哥白尼海洋局分享了新的卫星数据,这些数据跨越了30多年,并延伸到了更高的纬度。库尔森将冰层厚度变化的观测结果输入一个计算模型,并对1993年至2019年的海平面进行了预测。然后,她将预报与新的卫星数据进行了比较,发现完美匹配。

“It was really an exciting moment for us when we first looked at that side-by-side comparison of those observations to the model predictions,” Coulson said. “The images were staggeringly similar.”

库尔森说:“当我们第一次看到这些观测数据与模型预测数据并排比较时,这真是一个令人兴奋的时刻。这些图像惊人地相似。”

It was especially surprising because it’s unusual in geophysics to prove something is happening with a certainty of more than 99.9%, Coulson said. But it was clear that the pattern of sea level change revealed by the satellites was the fingerprint of the melting ice sheet — and that the estimation of sea level change predicted by both earlier models and Coulson’s new one was accurate.

库尔森说,这尤其让人惊讶,因为在地球物理学中,以超过99.9%的确定性来证明某些事情正在发生是不寻常的。但是很明显,卫星揭示的海平面变化模式是正在融化的冰盖的指纹,而且早期模型和库尔森的新模型预测的海平面变化的估计都是准确的。

“We can really say with great certainty that sea level fingerprints exist,” Coulson said. “The theory was correct.”

库尔森表示“我们可以非常肯定地说,海平面指纹是存在的,这个理论是正确的。”

Knowing fingerprints can be a tool to accurately predict sea level change is critical because the future of Earth’s oceans is so uncertain.

了解指纹可以成为准确预测海平面变化的工具,这一点至关重要,因为地球海洋的未来十分不确定。

“We know global sea levels will rise and that the amount and pace of sea level rise will depend on our greenhouse gas emissions,” Yarrow Axford, an associate professor at Northwestern University who studies the impact of climate change on Greenland’s glaciers and ice sheet, said by email. She was not a part of Coulson’s study.

“我们知道全球海平面将上升,海平面上升的幅度和速度将取决于我们的温室气体排放,”研究气候变化对格陵兰岛冰川和冰盖影响的美国西北大学副教授亚罗·阿克斯福德在电子邮件中表示。她没有参与库尔森研究的对象。

“But how fast the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica will respond to warming is a really big unknown, and frankly a very scary unknown,” Axford said.

“但是格陵兰岛和南极洲的冰原对气候变暖的反应速度究竟有多快,仍然是个未知数,坦率地说,这是一个非常可怕的未知数”阿克斯福德说。

Fingerprints are already used to inform ocean level projections and coastal planning. In the U.S., an estimated 30% of the population lives in coastline communities. Every inch of sea level rise is expected to make coastal storms more catastrophic for those populations.

指纹已经被用于海平面预测和海岸规划。在美国,估计有30%的人口生活在沿海社区。预计海平面每上升一英寸,都会使沿海风暴对这些人口造成更大的灾难。

That is partly because sea level changes can lead to more destructive storm surges, one of the deadliest aspects of hurricanes. Hurricane Ian’s storm surge, along with its winds and flooding rain, has caused devastation across Cuba and Florida. Sea level rise, along with other aspects of climate change, is expected to increase the intensity and frequency of hurricanes.

这在一定程度上是因为海平面的变化可能导致更具破坏性的风暴潮,这是飓风最致命的方面之一。飓风伊恩的风暴潮,以及它带来的风和洪水雨,已经在古巴和佛罗里达造成了破坏。海平面上升,以及气候变化的其他方面,预计将增加飓风的强度和频率。

“We’re already being forced to adapt to sea level rise around the world, and we need to do a lot more still to prepare,” Axford said. “Having decent projections of how fast our coastlines will retreat is essential for making tough decisions and the right big investments now in preparation for future sea level rise.”

“我们已经被迫适应世界各地的海平面上升,我们需要做更多的准备,”埃克斯福德说。“对于我们的海岸线将以多快的速度撤退,有一个合理的预测,对于做出艰难决定和现在进行正确的大规模投资,为未来海平面上升做好准备,是至关重要的。”

评论翻译
K
Honestly nothing will be done to stop climate change. Energy needs will keep increasing as more countries industrialize. It's time to shift to a strategy of adaptation and mitigation. Instead of lamenting and waiting for whatever catastrophes that may come in 20, 30, or 100 years, maybe it's better to prepare now. Whether people believe it's man-made or not is irrelevant. - UP: 43 DN: 9

说实话,没有什么能阻止气候变化。随着越来越多的国家工业化,能源需求将继续增加。是时候转向适应和减缓的战略了。与其为20年、30年或100年后可能发生的灾难感到悲伤和等待,不如现在就做好准备。无论人们是否相信这是人为的,都无关紧要。

bogianen > K
Nothing can be done to stop climate change with an attitude like that. We would have never gotten to the moon with an attitude like that. We need to embrace science that will direct us to take the proper action. But the problem is that science is based on truth and conservatives are truthaphobic. - UP: 2 DN: 0

以这样的态度是无法阻止气候变化的。如果抱着这样的态度,我们将永远无法登上月球。我们需要拥抱科学,这才能指导我们采取适当的行动。但问题是,科学是建立在真理之上的,而保守主义者对真理有恐惧症。

STEVE > bogianen
You can't stop climate change. It's natural. Attitude ahs nothing to do with it. - UP: 1 DN: 1

你无法阻止气候变化。这是自然的。这和态度无关。

Gordon > K
I enjoyed the weather I had this year. Reminded me of the 70's, rather mild seasonal changes. - UP: 0 DN: 0

我喜欢今年的天气,让我想起了70年代,相当温和的季节变化。

Abadon
Thirty years of the same mantra "GW is advancing much faster than we earlier believed" and 'it's Almost too late..but if we just commit to Trillions in new taxes & spending and commit to treaties and regulations governing every aspect of how we travel, work, live, eat, etc. the planet may be saved. Hard Pass. - UP: 55 DN: 54

三十年来,人们一直在念叨“全球变暖的速度比我们先前认为的要快得多”和“现在基本已经太晚了”... 但如果我们只是致力于数万亿的新税收和支出,致力于制定条约和法规来管理我们旅行、工作、生活、饮食等的各个方面,地球就有可能被拯救。没什么说服力。

Witstur
What they're not saying is they also saw hundreds more "fingerprints" the further down they went that shows dating records as far back hundreds to thousands of years with similar evidence. - UP: 11 DN: 4

他们没有说的是,他们还看到了数百个“指纹”,他们越往下发掘,就越显示出远在几百到几千年前的年代记录和类似的证据。

herman > Witstur
Notice that they never quite said what that all-important "fingerprint" was? Lots of hints, but nothing concrete. Trust us is what they said. - UP: 1 DN: 0

注意到他们一直没有说那个最重要的“指纹”是什么?有很多暗示,但没有具体的东西。他们说的就是“相信我们”

Witstur > herman
Agreed. If anyone wants to blame humans for whats to come, I'd be more concerned with the current conditions of America, Ukraine, China and the coming fall of the US dollar. As I see it, climate change is only a distraction. - UP: 0 DN: 0

同意。如果有人想把未来的事情归咎于人类,我会更关心美国、乌克兰、中国的现状,以及即将到来的美元贬值。在我看来,气候变化只是一种分散注意力的手段。

Marvin
The melting and freezing of ice has no manmade cause, it is all a perfectly natural process that has been going on for billions of years even when there were no homo sapiens in existence. It's perfectly ok for glaciers to melt, it's natural and normal and fully expected. The Earth is now in a period of inter-glaciation and ice melt is fully consistent with our current status. Manmade climate change is a complete political hoax, intellectually honest minds do not buy into the hoax. - UP: 29 DN: 28

冰的融化和冻结没有人为的原因,这是一个完全自然的过程,即使在没有智人存在的时候,也已经持续了数十亿年。冰川融化完全没有问题,这是自然、正常的,完全在预料之中。地球现在处于间冰期,冰的融化与我们现在的情况完全一致。人为的气候变化完全是一场政治骗局,头脑清醒的人不会相信这个骗局。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


rationality > Marvin
"intellectually honest minds" consider the scientific advances that have been made over the last 50 years. Contrary to Marvin's claim, based on past climate cycles we have been in an "interglacial" period for over 10,000 years now and should be shifting back to a colder climate. But we are not. Human industrialization cannot be ignored as a driver to climate. It may SEEM like a small input to the overall atmosphere, but it can have an impact. We are seeing the results today of even the crude predictions of the 1980's. - UP: 4 DN: 3

“头脑清醒的人”会思考过去50年来所取得的科学进步。与你的说法相反,根据过去的气候周期,我们现在已经处于一万多年的“间冰期”,本应该会回到更冷的气候。但我们没有。人类工业化作为气候变化的驱动因素不能被忽视。虽然它可能看起来像是对整个大气层的一个小小的输入,但它可以产生影响。我们今天看到的结果,甚至是上世纪80年代的粗略预测。

Marvin > rationality
Ironic that your moniker is rationality when your comments prove you are gullible. - UP: 0 DN: 0

讽刺的是,你的评论证明你是容易受骗的,而你的ID却是“理性”的意思。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Dr. EW > Marvin
I sometimes have hard time believing the exact amount of impact man has had on climate change. But every time those question come up in my mind I think about the exhaust from car being vented into the cab. The planet is a just a really big cab. Can't imagine all that exhaust is a good thing. - UP: 2 DN: 3

我有时很难相信人类对气候变化的确切影响。但是每当这些问题出现在我的脑海里,我就会想到汽车排出的废气被排入驾驶室。这个星球就像一辆大出租车。无法想象这些废气是好的。

3Kids > Dr. EW
Why don't you think of a single volcanic eruption? That's millions of times more devastating that cars. Cows on the other hand must be stopped, right ? - UP: 1 DN: 1

你为什么不想想一次火山喷发的影响呢?那比汽车的破坏力要大几百万倍。另一方面,奶牛必须禁止,是吧?
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Dr. EW > 3Kids
The US alone uses 19.89 million barrels of petroleum a day. - UP: 0 DN: 0

仅美国每天就消耗1989万桶石油。

rocky > Dr. EW
The earth doesn't even notice. It just continues to clean itself as it has done for eons. - UP: 0 DN: 0

地球甚至没有注意到。它只是继续自我清洁,就像亿万年来所做的那样。

Daniel > Marvin
Was Ian's strength a hoax? No doubt it was a "natural" vent, just like Katrina and other storms since, that have been consistently larger and more powerful. Keep listening to Fox. You should buy some land on Sanibel. - UP: 0 DN: 0

飓风伊恩的力量是骗局吗?毫无疑问,这是一个“自然的”发泄口,就像卡特里娜和其他飓风一样,持续变得更大,更强。继续听福克斯的节目吧。你应该在萨尼贝尔岛买一些地。

Jeff > Marvin
Marvin is the worst kind of dumb. The kind that thinks he knows far more than he actually does. - UP: 7 DN: 6

Marvin是最蠢的那种笨蛋,那种认为自己知道的比实际知道的多得多的人。

ConstitutionCraig > Jeff
And yet the only refutation of his comment you can come up with is an insult. - UP: 2 DN: 3

然而,对于他的评论,你能想到的唯一反驳就是侮辱。

rocky > Jeff
Yes...when one disagrees with you, don't use proof to prove your point. Use insults and move on to the next "loser". - UP: 0 DN: 0

是的... 当一个人不同意你的观点时,不用证据来证明你的观点。而是用侮辱,然后转向下一个“失败者”。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Donnie
50 years of headlines:
1970: ‘America subject to water rationing by 1974 and food rationing by 1980.’ Redlands Daily Facts
1971: ‘New Ice Age Coming’ Washington Post
1972: New ice age by 2070 Brown University
1974: ‘New Ice Age Coming Fast’ The Guardian
1974: ‘Another Ice Age?’ Time Magazine
1974: Ozone Depletion a ‘Great Peril to Life’ University of Michigan
1976: ‘The Cooling’ National Center for Atmospheric Research
1978: ‘No End in Sight’ to 30-Year Cooling Trend New York Times
1988: James Hansen forecasts increase regional drought in 1990s Miami News
1988: Washington DC days over 90F to from 35 to 85 Gannett
1988: Maldives completely under water in 30 years Canberra Times
1989: Rising seas to ‘obliterate’ nations by 2000 AP
1989: New York City’s West Side Highway underwater by 2019 Salon
2000: ‘Children won’t know what snow is.’ The Independent
2004: Britain to have Siberian climate by 2020 The Guardian
2008: Arctic will be ice-free by 2018 Associated Press
2009: Prince Charles says only 8 years to save the planet The Independent
2009: UK prime minister says 50 days to ‘save the planet from catastrophe’ The Independent
2013: Arctic ice-free by 2015 The Guardian
2014: Only 500 days before ‘climate chaos’ Washington Examiner - UP: 35 DN: 20

50年前的头条新闻:
1970年:《美国到1974年实行水配给,到1980年实行粮食配给》——雷德兰兹日报
1971年:《新的冰河时期即将到来》——华盛顿邮报
1972年:《2070年将出现新的冰河时期》——布朗大学
1974年:《新的冰河时期来得很快》——卫报
1974年:《另一个冰河时期?》——时代杂志
1974年:《臭氧消耗是“生命的巨大威胁”》——密歇根大学
1976年:《冷却》——国家大气研究中心
1978年:《持续30年的降温趋势“看不到尽头”》——纽约时报
1988年:《詹姆斯·汉森预测1990年代地区性干旱将会加剧》——迈阿密新闻
1988年:《华盛顿特区超过90华氏度的天数,从35天上升至85天》——甘尼特报团
1988年:《马尔代夫将在30年内完全沉入水中》——堪培拉时报
1989年:《到2000年,海平面上升将“毁灭”多个国家》——法新社
1989年:《到2019年,纽约市西区高公路将被淹没》——沙龙杂志
2000年:《孩子们不会知道什么是雪》——独立报
2004年:《2020年的英国将拥有西伯利亚气候》——卫报
2008年:《北极将在2018年融化》——美联社
2009年:《查尔斯王子说只有8年时间来拯救地球》——独立报
2009年:《英国首相称有50天时间“把地球从灾难中拯救出来”》——独立报
2013年:《到2015年北极将融化》——卫报
2014年:《距离“气候混乱”只剩下500天》——华盛顿观察家报

herman
Melting of glaciers began about 18,000 years ago and has raised sea level about 500 feet or 1/3 inch per year on average. On the N. America Atlantic seashore that has caused the shoreline to move westward about 60 miles or 18 feet per year on average. That should be enough evidence to make you discard the disproven hypothesis that "CO2 causes warming."
Learn for yourself. Or, be someones slave. It's up to you. - UP: 4 DN: 2

冰川的融化始于大约18000年前,使海平面上升了约500英尺或平均每年1/3英寸。在北美大西洋海岸,这导致海岸线向西移动60英里或平均每年18英尺。这应该足以让你抛弃“二氧化碳导致气候变暖”这一被推翻的假说。
为自己学习,或者做别人的奴隶,这取决于你。

Chris
With all this ice melting since the mid to late 90's, I would of thought New York City would be under water by now. Hmm I bet this is just another scam created by governments to raise taxes to fight climate change, fund institutions and politicians get kick backs. But hey you people belive the science but can't comprehend that there are 2 genders and that's a fact provided by science. - UP: 25 DN: 17

自从90年代中后期以来,所有这些冰都在融化,我还以为纽约现在已经被水淹没了。嗯,我敢打赌,这只是政府制造的又一个骗局,目的是提高税收以应对气候变化,资助机构和政客们得到回扣。但是,嘿,你们这些人相信科学,却不能理解有两种性别,这是科学提供的事实。

Eric R.
What every climate alarmists fails to recognize is, mankind has an almost ZERO affect on the climate. There are FAR bigger factors at play. 1) Our sun 2) The weakening magnetic field 3) Shifting of the magnetic poles 4) our Galactic Current sheet.
Mankind's contribution to this planet's climate is akin to placing a quarter on a football field or looking at 1 pixel on a 65" TV - UP: 17 DN: 20

每个气候恐慌主义者都没有认识到的是,人类对气候几乎没有任何影响。还有更大的因素在起作用。1)我们的太阳2)日益减弱的磁场3)磁极的移动4)我们的银河流层
人类对这个星球气候的贡献,就好比在一个足球场上放一个25美分硬币,或者在一台65英寸的电视机上看一个像素

Jack > Eric R.
You are a moor on if you think that man cannot influence the world’s climate. For example it is a documented fact that manmade fluorocarbons were creating a huge hole in the ozone layer. The world’s countries got together in what was called the Montreal Protocol and agreed to phase out the most damaging fluorocarbons of R-12 and R-22. As a result the hole in the ozone is now greatly reduced.
Scientific measurements have shown current CO2 levels are higher than they’ve been in the last 800,000 years and started increasing exponentially at the beginning of the industrial revolution with the burning of fossil fuels. The primary byproduct of burning fossil fuels is CO2 and CO2 is a greenhouse gas that causes the earth to hold heat. - UP: 5 DN: 1

如果你认为人类不能影响世界的气候,那你就是个笨蛋了。例如,有记载的事实是,人造的氟碳化合物在臭氧层中造成了一个巨大的空洞。世界各国在所谓的《蒙特利尔议定书》中达成一致,同意逐步淘汰危害最大的氟碳化合物R-12和R-22。因此,臭氧空洞现在大大缩小了。
科学测量显示,目前的二氧化碳水平高于过去80万年以来的水平,并且随着化石燃料的燃烧,在工业革命初期开始呈指数级增长。燃烧化石燃料的主要副产品是二氧化碳,二氧化碳是一种温室气体,会使地球保持热量。

x
Since the last glacial maximum around 20,000 years ago the oceans have risen over 120 meters (yes, almost 400 feet)... That's 400 FEET - not inches, not mm, not cm... FEET.
Of course the temperature and oceans will rise faster at some points and slower at others - there are natural cycles that run on various cycles. At this rate by 2100 we should absolutely expect to see approximately 80 (years) * 0.24 inches /year = 19.2" rise in the oceans. That is just an AVERAGE NUMBER...
We may indeed be in a time period of more variant weather with greater storms. This is just part of the normal cycle. Look at the little ice age that occurred just a few hundred years ago. The same reduction in the sun's output is expected to also occur in the future.
We may indeed be helping ourselves to avoid another ice age by allowing the CO2 to build up (cont'd). - UP: 6 DN: 7

自从大约2万年前的最后一次冰川期以来,海平面已经上升了120米(是的,差不多400英尺) ... 那是400英尺,不是英寸,不是毫米,不是厘米... 是英尺。
当然,温度和海洋在某些时候上升得更快,在另一些时候上升得更慢,有各种自然周期在运行。按照这个速度,到2100年,我们绝对有望看到大约80(年) * 0.24英寸/年 = 19.2英寸的海平面上升。这只是一个平均数...
我们可能确实处在一个天气更加多变,风暴更加猛烈的时期。这只是正常周期的一部分。看看几百年前发生的小冰河时期。预计未来也会出现同样的太阳能量减少的情况。
通过让二氧化碳积累起来,我们可能确实在帮助我们自己避免另一次冰河时期的到来。

ConstitutionCraig > x
Great points. There is nothing we can due about the next ice age though, it comes when it comes. Estimating 12,000 to 16,000 years. - UP: 0 DN: 0

很好的观点。然而,对于下一个冰河时期,我们无能为力,该来的时候就会来。估计还有12000到16000年。

edlih70 > x
Enough of your so called facts, science boy! Clearly, you're just a shill for big oil. - UP: 1 DN: 0

别再说你那些所谓的事实了,民科小子!很明显,你只是石油巨头的托儿。

x > edlih70
Sorry, no. I have never had a job anywhere near that industry or anywhere neat the automotive or other similar industry. - UP: 0 DN: 0

不好意思,不是。我从来没有在石油相关的行业工作过,也没有在汽车或其他类似行业工作过。

Oldguy794 > x
Stop it you’re going to make some heads explode in irrational angriness. I see tears coming. - UP: 0 DN: 0

别说了,你会让一些人暴跳如雷的。我看到眼泪要流下来了。

Siren
In reading many of the responses to this article, I'm left with the clear realization most of mankind may be too dumb to save itself.
On the other hand, many of them live in or are moving to Florida...so perhaps there is hope. - UP: 34 DN: 13

通过阅读对这篇文章的很多评论,我清楚地意识到,大多数人类可能笨到无法自救。
另一方面,他们中的许多人住在佛罗里达,或者正在搬到佛罗里达... 所以也许还有希望。

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Elizabeth
Human civilization only dates back to 10,000 BCE and the earth is 1.6 billion years old. Amazing how we can totally change its climate in the last 50 years. - UP: 12 DN: 11

人类文明只能追溯到公元前一万年,而地球已有16亿年的历史了。在过去的50年里,我们要怎么完全改变它的气候,真神奇。

wagonmaster > Elizabeth
Elizabeth, Humans have been changing the climate for several thousand years now. There is considerable evidence that human civilizations have existed for over 30,000 years.
However, it has only been since mankind discovered Coal and Oil that he has burned enough of them to more than double the amount of CO2 and CH4 in the atmosphere starting in the late 1500's to 1650's. Use of coal for fuel to warm homes and cook with in the 1700's accelerated its use. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution coal use has actually doubled every 15 years.
As for OIL refining, that began in earnest in the mid 1700's as Kerosene in Russia. As the refining process spread it was used to fuel everything from steam engines for plants which made everything from textiles to furniture.
The real question is -- does mankind have the intestinal fortitude to bite the bullet and make the switch to reliable renewables within the next 10 - 15 years and totally end their dependence upon CO2 / CH4 producing products for energy. Personally as a whole, I don't think they do.
As this article points out, the sciences have identified major markers of ice melt. The physics of ice melt is interesting - the more melt the faster what is left melts almost geometrically. - UP: 8 DN: 2

人类已经改变气候几千年了。有相当多的证据表明人类文明已经存在了三万多年。
然而,自从人类发现了煤和石油之后,从15世纪末到16世纪50年代,人类燃烧的煤和石油使大气中二氧化碳和甲烷的含量增加了一倍多。17世纪使用煤作为燃料来取暖和做饭,加速了煤的使用。自工业革命开始以来,煤的使用实际上每15年就增加一倍。
至于石油精炼,在17世纪中期,俄罗斯正式开始使用煤油。随着精炼工艺的推广,它被用于从纺织物到家具等工厂的蒸汽机的各种燃料。
真正的问题是,人类是否有勇气在未来10-15年内咬紧牙关,转向可靠的可再生能源,彻底结束对二氧化碳/甲烷产品的能源依赖。就我个人而言,我不这么认为会这么做。
正如本文所指出的,科学已经确定了冰川融化的主要标志。冰川融化的物理学很有意思,融化得越多,剩下的部分就融化得越快,几乎是几何级数的融化。

Oldguy794 > wagonmaster
You just made that up, there is no physics where correlation confirms causation. I actually taught high school physics, and chemistry, I’m guessing you never took either. - UP: 0 DN: 0

这都是你瞎编的,没有任何物理学上的相关性能证明因果关系。我高中还教过物理和化学,我猜你两门课都没上过。

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