QA问答：中国的历史遗失了哪些东西？AS回答：他们的历史比任何其他国家和民族都更加真实和可靠
正文翻译
Aya Shawn
master in Computer Science, National University of SingaporeOct 12
Since the birth of ancient civilizations in the Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia, human history has gone through thousands of years.
Because time is too long, many things will always be lost in human history.
For example, the Egyptians did not understand the ancient writings in the pyramids, and the people in the Middle East could not read the clay tablets left by Sumer. Many stories about what happened in ancient civilizations rely on myths and religious stories to spread, and no one knows whether they are true or false.
自两河流域古代文明诞生以来，人类历史已经走过了数千年。
因为时间太长了，很多东西总会在人类的历史中消失。
比如埃及人看不懂金字塔里的古代文字，中东人看不懂苏美尔留下的泥板。许多关于古代文明中发生的事情的故事都是依靠神话和宗教故事来传播的，没有人知道它们是真是假。
Aya Shawn
master in Computer Science, National University of SingaporeOct 12
Since the birth of ancient civilizations in the Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia, human history has gone through thousands of years.
Because time is too long, many things will always be lost in human history.
For example, the Egyptians did not understand the ancient writings in the pyramids, and the people in the Middle East could not read the clay tablets left by Sumer. Many stories about what happened in ancient civilizations rely on myths and religious stories to spread, and no one knows whether they are true or false.
自两河流域古代文明诞生以来，人类历史已经走过了数千年。
因为时间太长了，很多东西总会在人类的历史中消失。
比如埃及人看不懂金字塔里的古代文字，中东人看不懂苏美尔留下的泥板。许多关于古代文明中发生的事情的故事都是依靠神话和宗教故事来传播的，没有人知道它们是真是假。
Therefore, in the long course of history, it is normal for a civilization to lose some memories.
If the Chinese people have lost something in history, there must be true. But compared with all other civilizations, the Chinese must have lost the least, some less important things.
因此，在漫长的历史进程中，一个文明失去一些记忆是很正常的。
如果说中国人在历史上失去了什么，那必然是可能的。但与所有其他文明相比，中国人失去的东西一定是最少的，譬如一些不那么重要的东西。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
If the Chinese people have lost something in history, there must be true. But compared with all other civilizations, the Chinese must have lost the least, some less important things.
因此，在漫长的历史进程中，一个文明失去一些记忆是很正常的。
如果说中国人在历史上失去了什么，那必然是可能的。但与所有其他文明相比，中国人失去的东西一定是最少的，譬如一些不那么重要的东西。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Since the collapse of the Shang Dynasty in 1046 BC, every dynasty in China has established a specialized department: the Royal Historian.
They had an important mission to compile and publish all the history of the previous dynasty.
After 3,000 years, China's successive dynasties have compiled a total of 24 historical masterpieces, recording the history of the past 4,000 years. This historical information is accurate to every year, and even every important historical figure and event.
They add up to 3213 volumes, about 40 million words.
The Chinese call these history books "24 Histories"
自公元前1046年商朝灭亡以来，中国每个朝代都设立了一个专门的部门：史官。
他们肩负着编撰前朝全部历史的重要使命。
历经3000多年，中国历代王朝共编撰了24部历史巨著，记录了近4000年的历史。这些历史信息准确到每一年，甚至每一个重要的历史人物和事件。
加起来3213卷，约4000万字。
中国人把这些历史书称为“二十四史”
They had an important mission to compile and publish all the history of the previous dynasty.
After 3,000 years, China's successive dynasties have compiled a total of 24 historical masterpieces, recording the history of the past 4,000 years. This historical information is accurate to every year, and even every important historical figure and event.
They add up to 3213 volumes, about 40 million words.
The Chinese call these history books "24 Histories"
自公元前1046年商朝灭亡以来，中国每个朝代都设立了一个专门的部门：史官。
他们肩负着编撰前朝全部历史的重要使命。
历经3000多年，中国历代王朝共编撰了24部历史巨著，记录了近4000年的历史。这些历史信息准确到每一年，甚至每一个重要的历史人物和事件。
加起来3213卷，约4000万字。
中国人把这些历史书称为“二十四史”
Do you think this is all? Far from enough
The Chinese also have many other historical works, such as "Zizhi Tongjian", "Spring and Autumn Period", "Shang Shu", "Bamboo Book Annals", "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" and other historical works written by nobles and scholars that span the era.
Each state and county has its own historical officials who record what happened there every year, which is called "county history."
你认为这就是全部了吗？当然不止于此
中国人还有许多其他的历史著作，如《资治通鉴》、《春秋》、《尚书》、《竹书纪年》、《吕氏春秋》等由贵族、学者撰写的历史著作，它们往往跨越时代。
同时，每个州、县都有自己的史官，记录每年当地发生的事情，称为“县志”。
The Chinese also have many other historical works, such as "Zizhi Tongjian", "Spring and Autumn Period", "Shang Shu", "Bamboo Book Annals", "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" and other historical works written by nobles and scholars that span the era.
Each state and county has its own historical officials who record what happened there every year, which is called "county history."
你认为这就是全部了吗？当然不止于此
中国人还有许多其他的历史著作，如《资治通鉴》、《春秋》、《尚书》、《竹书纪年》、《吕氏春秋》等由贵族、学者撰写的历史著作，它们往往跨越时代。
同时，每个州、县都有自己的史官，记录每年当地发生的事情，称为“县志”。
In Chinese history, due to wars, chaos, divisions and invasions, many history books would be damaged or even deliberately burned. Some careerists even try to destroy parts of the historical record entirely. But because there are so many historical books, they quote each other, corroborate each other, and cross-record. Scattered across the country.
The task of destroying history simply cannot be accomplished.
Therefore, so far, the Chinese have a database of historical documents unmatched by any country in the world.
Their scholars can query what happened every year, or even every day, in the past 4,000 years.
在中国历史上，由于战乱、分裂、侵略，许多史书都会遭到损坏，甚至被故意烧毁。一些野心家甚至试图完全摧毁部分历史记录。但由于史书较多，相互引用、相互印证、交叉记载。而且分散在全国各地。
这使得完全毁灭历史的任务根本无法完成。
因此，迄今为止，中国人拥有世界上任何国家都无法比拟的历史文献数据库。
他们的学者可以查询过去四千年来每年甚至每天发生的事情。
The task of destroying history simply cannot be accomplished.
Therefore, so far, the Chinese have a database of historical documents unmatched by any country in the world.
Their scholars can query what happened every year, or even every day, in the past 4,000 years.
在中国历史上，由于战乱、分裂、侵略，许多史书都会遭到损坏，甚至被故意烧毁。一些野心家甚至试图完全摧毁部分历史记录。但由于史书较多，相互引用、相互印证、交叉记载。而且分散在全国各地。
这使得完全毁灭历史的任务根本无法完成。
因此，迄今为止，中国人拥有世界上任何国家都无法比拟的历史文献数据库。
他们的学者可以查询过去四千年来每年甚至每天发生的事情。
More importantly, these records are often not isolated copies, but are mutually supporting and multi-perspective records. This makes it very difficult to falsify history.
At present, countries surrounding China, such as India, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and some Southeast Asian countries.
When studying your own ancient history, you cannot avoid Chinese historical materials.
The historical materials of many Central Asian countries even come entirely from China.
更重要的是，这些记录往往不是孤立的副本，而是相互支撑、多视角的记录。这使得伪造历史变得非常困难。
目前，中国周边国家，如印度、韩国、日本、越南以及一些东南亚国家。
他们想要研究自己的古代历史，就不能回避中国的史料。
许多中亚国家的史料甚至全部来自中国。
At present, countries surrounding China, such as India, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and some Southeast Asian countries.
When studying your own ancient history, you cannot avoid Chinese historical materials.
The historical materials of many Central Asian countries even come entirely from China.
更重要的是，这些记录往往不是孤立的副本，而是相互支撑、多视角的记录。这使得伪造历史变得非常困难。
目前，中国周边国家，如印度、韩国、日本、越南以及一些东南亚国家。
他们想要研究自己的古代历史，就不能回避中国的史料。
许多中亚国家的史料甚至全部来自中国。
For archaeologists around the world, archeology is a job of “discovering the unknown.”
For example, they discovered Egyptian stone inscxtions, dug out the Rosetta Stone, found a clay tablet, and discovered a parchment scroll in a cave. Wow! An unknown piece of history was uncovered by them, it’s unbelievable!
对于世界各地的考古学家来说，考古学是一项“发现未知”的工作。
例如，他们发现了埃及石刻，挖出了罗塞塔石碑，发现了一块泥板，或者在洞穴中发现了羊皮纸卷轴。哇！一段不为人知的历史被他们揭开了，难以置信！
For example, they discovered Egyptian stone inscxtions, dug out the Rosetta Stone, found a clay tablet, and discovered a parchment scroll in a cave. Wow! An unknown piece of history was uncovered by them, it’s unbelievable!
对于世界各地的考古学家来说，考古学是一项“发现未知”的工作。
例如，他们发现了埃及石刻，挖出了罗塞塔石碑，发现了一块泥板，或者在洞穴中发现了羊皮纸卷轴。哇！一段不为人知的历史被他们揭开了，难以置信！
But for Chinese archaeologists, archeology is a job of "proving what is known."
For example, they had long known that in 1046 BC, King Wu of Zhou led his army to attack the Shang Dynasty. Because many history books have recorded this matter.
But it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that they unearthed a 3,000-year-old bronze plate with 32 characters carved on it, which read: "To commemorate the morning of X, month X, when King Wu led his army to attack the Shang Dynasty, this plate was made for commemorate".
They celebrate with each other, wow! It turns out that what these books say is correct!
但对于中国考古学家来说，考古是一项“证明已知”的工作。
比如，他们早就知道公元前1046年，周武王率军攻打商朝。因为很多历史书上都记载了这件事。
但直到20世纪初，他们才出土了一块有3000年历史的铜盘，上面刻有32个金文，上面写着：“为纪念X月X日早晨，武王率军攻打攻打商朝，制作此盘以表留念”。
他们举杯相庆，哇！事实证明，这些书上说的都是对的！
For example, they had long known that in 1046 BC, King Wu of Zhou led his army to attack the Shang Dynasty. Because many history books have recorded this matter.
But it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that they unearthed a 3,000-year-old bronze plate with 32 characters carved on it, which read: "To commemorate the morning of X, month X, when King Wu led his army to attack the Shang Dynasty, this plate was made for commemorate".
They celebrate with each other, wow! It turns out that what these books say is correct!
但对于中国考古学家来说，考古是一项“证明已知”的工作。
比如，他们早就知道公元前1046年，周武王率军攻打商朝。因为很多历史书上都记载了这件事。
但直到20世纪初，他们才出土了一块有3000年历史的铜盘，上面刻有32个金文，上面写着：“为纪念X月X日早晨，武王率军攻打攻打商朝，制作此盘以表留念”。
他们举杯相庆，哇！事实证明，这些书上说的都是对的！
For example，They knew that a certain princess of the Ming Empire was poisoned to death by someone else on a certain day, because it was recorded in different history books. But when the princess's grave was discovered 15 years ago, they did detect cyanide in her remains, and the date of her death was recorded on her epitaph. Exactly the same!
They celebrate with each other, wow! It turns out that what these books say is correct!
例如，他们知道明帝国的某位公主在某一天被别人毒死，因为这在不同的历史书中都有记载。但直到15年前，当公主的坟墓被发现时，他们确实在她的遗骸中检测到了氰化物，她的墓志铭上还记录了她的死亡日期。和历史记载一模一样！
他们弹冠相庆，哇！事实证明，这些书上说的都是对的！
They celebrate with each other, wow! It turns out that what these books say is correct!
例如，他们知道明帝国的某位公主在某一天被别人毒死，因为这在不同的历史书中都有记载。但直到15年前，当公主的坟墓被发现时，他们确实在她的遗骸中检测到了氰化物，她的墓志铭上还记录了她的死亡日期。和历史记载一模一样！
他们弹冠相庆，哇！事实证明，这些书上说的都是对的！
So, after you understand the Chinese people’s attitude towards history and the historical resources they have. Then you think about what the Chinese people have lost in history.
I can tell you with certainty that Chinese primary school students can read texts from 3,000 years ago after 10 minutes of guidance in a museum. Middle school students can recite stories carved on stone walls 2,000 years ago without any study.
Their history is more real and reliable than any other country or nation. They have lost less than any other country or nation in the world.
所以，当你了解了中国人对待历史的态度以及他们所拥有的历史资源之后。然后你再去思考中国人民在历史上失去了什么。
我可以肯定地告诉你，中国的小学生在博物馆里经过10分钟的指导，就能识别3000年前的文字。中学生无需学习就能背诵2000年前刻在石壁上的故事。
他们的历史比任何其他国家和民族都更加真实和可靠。他们的损失比世界上任何其他国家或民族都少。
I can tell you with certainty that Chinese primary school students can read texts from 3,000 years ago after 10 minutes of guidance in a museum. Middle school students can recite stories carved on stone walls 2,000 years ago without any study.
Their history is more real and reliable than any other country or nation. They have lost less than any other country or nation in the world.
所以，当你了解了中国人对待历史的态度以及他们所拥有的历史资源之后。然后你再去思考中国人民在历史上失去了什么。
我可以肯定地告诉你，中国的小学生在博物馆里经过10分钟的指导，就能识别3000年前的文字。中学生无需学习就能背诵2000年前刻在石壁上的故事。
他们的历史比任何其他国家和民族都更加真实和可靠。他们的损失比世界上任何其他国家或民族都少。
评论翻译
Frédéric
· Oct 12
I often use Inscxtion of Yanran (燕然勒石) as an example for the truthfulness of ancient Chinese history. It was recorded that a Han dynasty general (窦宪) left a stone inscribed with congratulating words somewhere in the northern steppe beyond Gobi desert after destroying for good the once powerful xio…
我经常用燕然勒石来说明中国古代历史的真实性。据记载，公元89年，汉代将军窦宪在彻底消灭了曾经强大的匈奴帝国后，在戈壁沙漠外的北部草原上留下了一块刻有祭文的石碑。在接下来的两千年里，历史学家们一直在争论这一点的真实性。直到几年前在蒙古重新发现了这样一块石头：（配图）
· Oct 12
I often use Inscxtion of Yanran (燕然勒石) as an example for the truthfulness of ancient Chinese history. It was recorded that a Han dynasty general (窦宪) left a stone inscribed with congratulating words somewhere in the northern steppe beyond Gobi desert after destroying for good the once powerful xio…
我经常用燕然勒石来说明中国古代历史的真实性。据记载，公元89年，汉代将军窦宪在彻底消灭了曾经强大的匈奴帝国后，在戈壁沙漠外的北部草原上留下了一块刻有祭文的石碑。在接下来的两千年里，历史学家们一直在争论这一点的真实性。直到几年前在蒙古重新发现了这样一块石头：（配图）
Aya Shawn
· Oct 13
Thank you for providing this information.
Interestingly, only 2,000 years have passed since this stone was found in the Mongolian desert, and the words engraved on it have become blurry.
This comes from the natural phenomenon of "weathering."
However, some stone inscxtions in Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, 5,000 years later, are still as if they were made by laser engraving yesterday.
Perhaps the stones from Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt are of better quality than those from Asia.
感谢您提供此信息。
有趣的是，这块石头在蒙古沙漠中发现至今，仅仅过去了2000年，上面刻的字已经变得模糊不清了。
这来自于“风化”的自然现象。
然而，美索不达米亚和古埃及的一些石刻，5000年后仍然像是昨天用激光雕刻而成的。
也许来自美索不达米亚和古埃及的石头比来自我们亚洲的石头质量更好。
· Oct 13
Thank you for providing this information.
Interestingly, only 2,000 years have passed since this stone was found in the Mongolian desert, and the words engraved on it have become blurry.
This comes from the natural phenomenon of "weathering."
However, some stone inscxtions in Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, 5,000 years later, are still as if they were made by laser engraving yesterday.
Perhaps the stones from Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt are of better quality than those from Asia.
感谢您提供此信息。
有趣的是，这块石头在蒙古沙漠中发现至今，仅仅过去了2000年，上面刻的字已经变得模糊不清了。
这来自于“风化”的自然现象。
然而，美索不达米亚和古埃及的一些石刻，5000年后仍然像是昨天用激光雕刻而成的。
也许来自美索不达米亚和古埃及的石头比来自我们亚洲的石头质量更好。
Arif Gatot Kusumajaya
· Oct 17
They should write the inscxtion indoor instead of outdoor ( subject to weathering event).
他们应该在室内而不是室外书写铭文（受风化影响）。
· Oct 17
They should write the inscxtion indoor instead of outdoor ( subject to weathering event).
他们应该在室内而不是室外书写铭文（受风化影响）。
Eda Elif Surucu
· Oct 14
I appreciate the Chinese historians because they recorded many things. But I wonder three Kingdoms era. As far as I know, the only source for Three Kingdom s era is a novel with same name. Is novel about The three Kingdoms based on either historical Records and facts or it is fictional?
我很欣赏中国的历史学家，因为他们记录了很多事情。但我想知道三国时代的情况。据我所知，三国历史的唯一来源是一本同名小说。三国小说是根据史记和事实还是虚构的？
· Oct 14
I appreciate the Chinese historians because they recorded many things. But I wonder three Kingdoms era. As far as I know, the only source for Three Kingdom s era is a novel with same name. Is novel about The three Kingdoms based on either historical Records and facts or it is fictional?
我很欣赏中国的历史学家，因为他们记录了很多事情。但我想知道三国时代的情况。据我所知，三国历史的唯一来源是一本同名小说。三国小说是根据史记和事实还是虚构的？
Aya Shawn
· Oct 16
You are talking about "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the author is Luo Guanzhong, this book is not the only source of history at that time. As you said, this is just a novel. But this novel is basically consistent with historical events. But a novel is a novel, with a lot of untrue content and…
你说的是《三国演义》，作者是罗贯中，这本书并不是当时唯一的历史来源。
正如你所说，这只是一本小说。但这部小说与历史事件基本相符。但小说就是小说，有很多不真实的内容，还加上了作者的个人倾向。普通人对这段历史的认识确实受到了这部小说的影响。
真正的历史书是陈寿写的《三国志》。其内容十分严谨，与《三国演义》有很大不同。历史学家主要阅读这本书。
· Oct 16
You are talking about "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the author is Luo Guanzhong, this book is not the only source of history at that time. As you said, this is just a novel. But this novel is basically consistent with historical events. But a novel is a novel, with a lot of untrue content and…
你说的是《三国演义》，作者是罗贯中，这本书并不是当时唯一的历史来源。
正如你所说，这只是一本小说。但这部小说与历史事件基本相符。但小说就是小说，有很多不真实的内容，还加上了作者的个人倾向。普通人对这段历史的认识确实受到了这部小说的影响。
真正的历史书是陈寿写的《三国志》。其内容十分严谨，与《三国演义》有很大不同。历史学家主要阅读这本书。
Shao Sophie
· Oct 14
Romance of the Three Kingoms is just a novel combined many true and fictitious stories based on the true history line. The official history record of that era is called San Guo Zhi or Histitory of The Three Kingdoms, compiled by Chen Shou around 280AD, which is also included in the official 24 Histo…
《三国演义》是一部以真实历史为背景，结合了许多真假故事的小说。那个时代的正史记载称为《三国志》，由陈寿于公元280年左右编撰，也被列入正史二十四史。
· Oct 14
Romance of the Three Kingoms is just a novel combined many true and fictitious stories based on the true history line. The official history record of that era is called San Guo Zhi or Histitory of The Three Kingdoms, compiled by Chen Shou around 280AD, which is also included in the official 24 Histo…
《三国演义》是一部以真实历史为背景，结合了许多真假故事的小说。那个时代的正史记载称为《三国志》，由陈寿于公元280年左右编撰，也被列入正史二十四史。
Eda Elif Surucu
· Oct 14
Thanks very much.
非常感谢
· Oct 14
Thanks very much.
非常感谢
Kevin Anderson
· Oct 14
What are the best contemperaneous sources for the identity of Sun Tzu, author of “The Art of War”?
关于《孙子兵法》的作者孙子身份的最佳同时代资料有哪些？
· Oct 14
What are the best contemperaneous sources for the identity of Sun Tzu, author of “The Art of War”?
关于《孙子兵法》的作者孙子身份的最佳同时代资料有哪些？
Aya Shawn
· Oct 16
Sun Tzu's Art of War was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. This period refers to approximately the 7th century BC to the 4th century BC.
There are three famous historical books from this period.
1. "Spring and Autumn"
This is a historical account recording this era.
Use the timeline as a directory to record every major event of that era.
2. "Zuo Zhuan"（Means ：Biography of Zuo）
This is a commentary on "Spring and Autumn".
It is based on the accounts recorded in the "Spring and Autumn Period" and writes richer historical materials and narratives. It is a history book that focuses on narrative.
3. "Guo Yu"（Means：Debate among countries）
It is said to come from the same author as "Zuo Zhuan". But he mainly records conversations, articles and discussions of key figures.
The focus is on describing the same historical event, different countries, and different people's different perspectives at that time.
《孙子兵法》诞生于春秋时期。这个时期大约指的是公元前7世纪到公元前4世纪。
这一时期有三本著名的历史书籍。
1.《春秋》
这是记录这个时代的历史记述。
以时间线为目录，记录那个时代的每一件大事。
2. 《左传》
这是对《春秋》的注解。
它以《春秋》记载的记述为基础，写出更加丰富的史料和叙述。这是一本注重叙事的历史书。
3.“国语”
据说与《左传》出自同一作者之手。但他主要记录关键人物的谈话、文章和讨论。
重点是描述同一历史事件、不同国家、不同人当时的不同视角。
· Oct 16
Sun Tzu's Art of War was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. This period refers to approximately the 7th century BC to the 4th century BC.
There are three famous historical books from this period.
1. "Spring and Autumn"
This is a historical account recording this era.
Use the timeline as a directory to record every major event of that era.
2. "Zuo Zhuan"（Means ：Biography of Zuo）
This is a commentary on "Spring and Autumn".
It is based on the accounts recorded in the "Spring and Autumn Period" and writes richer historical materials and narratives. It is a history book that focuses on narrative.
3. "Guo Yu"（Means：Debate among countries）
It is said to come from the same author as "Zuo Zhuan". But he mainly records conversations, articles and discussions of key figures.
The focus is on describing the same historical event, different countries, and different people's different perspectives at that time.
《孙子兵法》诞生于春秋时期。这个时期大约指的是公元前7世纪到公元前4世纪。
这一时期有三本著名的历史书籍。
1.《春秋》
这是记录这个时代的历史记述。
以时间线为目录，记录那个时代的每一件大事。
2. 《左传》
这是对《春秋》的注解。
它以《春秋》记载的记述为基础，写出更加丰富的史料和叙述。这是一本注重叙事的历史书。
3.“国语”
据说与《左传》出自同一作者之手。但他主要记录关键人物的谈话、文章和讨论。
重点是描述同一历史事件、不同国家、不同人当时的不同视角。
Kevin Anderson
· Oct 16
My references suggest that Sun Tzu was a child of the “Warring States Period”, or shortly thereafter.
我的参考文献表明孙子是“战国时期”或此后不久出生的。
· Oct 16
My references suggest that Sun Tzu was a child of the “Warring States Period”, or shortly thereafter.
我的参考文献表明孙子是“战国时期”或此后不久出生的。
Aya Shawn
· Oct 16
Sun Tzu, was born in 544 BC. The Warring States Period began in 475 BC.
Therefore, he is a person from the Spring and Autumn Period.
孙子，出生于公元前544年。战国时期始于公元前475年。
所以，他是春秋时期的人。
· Oct 16
Sun Tzu, was born in 544 BC. The Warring States Period began in 475 BC.
Therefore, he is a person from the Spring and Autumn Period.
孙子，出生于公元前544年。战国时期始于公元前475年。
所以，他是春秋时期的人。
Kevin Anderson
· Oct 16
Many thanks. What are your references?
非常感谢。你的参考资料是什么？
· Oct 16
Many thanks. What are your references?
非常感谢。你的参考资料是什么？
Aya Shawn
· Oct 17
Sun Tzu - Wikipedia
Spring and Autumn Annals - Wikipedia
Warring States period - Wikipedia
维基百科链接
· Oct 17
Sun Tzu - Wikipedia
Spring and Autumn Annals - Wikipedia
Warring States period - Wikipedia
维基百科链接
Kevin Anderson
· Oct 17
Thanks for the lixs.
“Sun Tzu's historicity is uncertain. The Han dynasty historian Sima Qian and other traditional Chinese historians placed him as a minister to King Helü of Wu and dated his lifetime to 544–496 BC. Modern scholars accepting his historicity place the extant text of The Art of War in the later Warring States period of 475 to 221 BC, based on its style of composition and its descxtions of warfare.[3] Traditional accounts state that the general's descendant Sun Bin wrote a treatise on military tactics, also titled The Art of War. Since both Sun Wu and Sun Bin were referred to as "Sun Tzu" in classical Chinese texts, some historians believed them identical, prior to the rediscovery of Sun Bin's treatise in 1972.”
The more we learn, the more we want to know. In my opinion, “The Art of War” is one of the great tracts (manuscxt, commentary) on the human condition.
感谢您的链接。
“孙子的历史性是不确定的。汉朝的司马迁和其他中国传统历史学家将他视为吴王阖闾的大臣并将他的一生定为公元前 544 年至公元前 496 年。现代学者承认其历史性，基于其写作风格和战争描述，将《孙子兵法》现存文本定为战国后期公元前 475年至公元前221年。传统记载称，将军的后裔孙膑写了一篇关于军事战术的论文，也称为《孙子兵法》。由于孙武和孙膑在中国古典文献中都被称为“孙子”，因此在1972年孙膑的著作被重新发现之前，一些历史学家认为他们是相同的。
我们学得越多，我们想知道的就越多。在我看来，《孙子兵法》是一部关于人类战争文明的伟大著作（手稿、评论）。
（译者注：该外国网友没有正确区分《孙子兵法》和《孙膑兵法》，这是一些国外材料的英语翻译问题造成的，两本书均被翻译为“The Art of War”）
· Oct 17
Thanks for the lixs.
“Sun Tzu's historicity is uncertain. The Han dynasty historian Sima Qian and other traditional Chinese historians placed him as a minister to King Helü of Wu and dated his lifetime to 544–496 BC. Modern scholars accepting his historicity place the extant text of The Art of War in the later Warring States period of 475 to 221 BC, based on its style of composition and its descxtions of warfare.[3] Traditional accounts state that the general's descendant Sun Bin wrote a treatise on military tactics, also titled The Art of War. Since both Sun Wu and Sun Bin were referred to as "Sun Tzu" in classical Chinese texts, some historians believed them identical, prior to the rediscovery of Sun Bin's treatise in 1972.”
The more we learn, the more we want to know. In my opinion, “The Art of War” is one of the great tracts (manuscxt, commentary) on the human condition.
感谢您的链接。
“孙子的历史性是不确定的。汉朝的司马迁和其他中国传统历史学家将他视为吴王阖闾的大臣并将他的一生定为公元前 544 年至公元前 496 年。现代学者承认其历史性，基于其写作风格和战争描述，将《孙子兵法》现存文本定为战国后期公元前 475年至公元前221年。传统记载称，将军的后裔孙膑写了一篇关于军事战术的论文，也称为《孙子兵法》。由于孙武和孙膑在中国古典文献中都被称为“孙子”，因此在1972年孙膑的著作被重新发现之前，一些历史学家认为他们是相同的。
我们学得越多，我们想知道的就越多。在我看来，《孙子兵法》是一部关于人类战争文明的伟大著作（手稿、评论）。
（译者注：该外国网友没有正确区分《孙子兵法》和《孙膑兵法》，这是一些国外材料的英语翻译问题造成的，两本书均被翻译为“The Art of War”）
Mark Chen
· Oct 15
"Records of the Historian·Sun Tzu Wu Qi Biography"
《史记·孙子吴起列传》
· Oct 15
"Records of the Historian·Sun Tzu Wu Qi Biography"
《史记·孙子吴起列传》
Arif Gatot Kusumajaya
· Oct 17
But I heard, there is no official history of Qing dynasty. Neither ROC or PRC have release official history. I wonder, why ?
And PRC haven't released one for ROC either ( waiting for reunification ? )
但听说清朝没有正史。ROC和PRC都没有发布官方历史记录。我想知道为什么 ？
PRC也没有为ROC发布一个（莫非是等待统一之后再说？）
· Oct 17
But I heard, there is no official history of Qing dynasty. Neither ROC or PRC have release official history. I wonder, why ?
And PRC haven't released one for ROC either ( waiting for reunification ? )
但听说清朝没有正史。ROC和PRC都没有发布官方历史记录。我想知道为什么 ？
PRC也没有为ROC发布一个（莫非是等待统一之后再说？）
Aya Shawn
· Oct 17
Yes, the Qing Dynasty was a special case.
Because there are no ancient empires after the Qing Dynasty.
So no one writes the traditional "History of the Empire" anymore.
ROC and PRC divided a special historical period called "Recent times" for the Qing Dynasty.
The history of the Qing Dynasty is classified into this period. For PRC, the history of ROC is also included in this period.
是的，清朝是一个特例。
因为清朝以后就没有古代帝国了。
于是就没有人再写传统的《帝国史》了。
中华民国和中华人民共和国为清朝划分了一个特殊的历史时期，称为“近代”。
清朝的历史就归入这一时期。对于中华人民共和国来说，ROC的历史也包括在这一时期。
（译者注：《清史》已经于2019年6月完稿，但尚未官方发布；清朝的历史并不完全是近代史，答主作为外籍人士，认知有误区）
· Oct 17
Yes, the Qing Dynasty was a special case.
Because there are no ancient empires after the Qing Dynasty.
So no one writes the traditional "History of the Empire" anymore.
ROC and PRC divided a special historical period called "Recent times" for the Qing Dynasty.
The history of the Qing Dynasty is classified into this period. For PRC, the history of ROC is also included in this period.
是的，清朝是一个特例。
因为清朝以后就没有古代帝国了。
于是就没有人再写传统的《帝国史》了。
中华民国和中华人民共和国为清朝划分了一个特殊的历史时期，称为“近代”。
清朝的历史就归入这一时期。对于中华人民共和国来说，ROC的历史也包括在这一时期。
（译者注：《清史》已经于2019年6月完稿，但尚未官方发布；清朝的历史并不完全是近代史，答主作为外籍人士，认知有误区）
In the history books of PRC, the history of ROC ended in 1949, but for ROC, their history continues to now.
Interestingly, I once went to the Taiwan Museum of History and saw that they divided the history of ROC into three stages
1. Mainland Period (1912-1949)
2. Taiwan’s authoritative period(1949-1978)
3. Taiwan’s Free period(1978-now)
在PRC的历史书中，ROC的历史结束于1949年，但对于ROC来说，他们的历史一直延续至今。
有趣的是，我曾经去台湾历史博物馆，看到他们把ROC的历史分为三个阶段
一、大陆时期（1912-1949）
二、权威时期（1949-1978）
三、自由时期（1978年至今）
Interestingly, I once went to the Taiwan Museum of History and saw that they divided the history of ROC into three stages
1. Mainland Period (1912-1949)
2. Taiwan’s authoritative period(1949-1978)
3. Taiwan’s Free period(1978-now)
在PRC的历史书中，ROC的历史结束于1949年，但对于ROC来说，他们的历史一直延续至今。
有趣的是，我曾经去台湾历史博物馆，看到他们把ROC的历史分为三个阶段
一、大陆时期（1912-1949）
二、权威时期（1949-1978）
三、自由时期（1978年至今）
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