为什么中国的劳动力如此廉价？（三）
正文翻译
Robert Quek
Not any more. Now, it is skill labour.
“Cheap China” was the much used shorthand descxtion in the early years of its industrial development, during the period that followed Deng xiaopin’s policy of “reform and opening” in 1978–79 and his Southern Tour (Nanxun) in 1992. It was the period that saw a massive creation of employment, from the large inflows of FDIs from Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Chinese diaspora, Japan, Europe, and US, as well as the establishment of large number of SOEs and indigenous private enterprise manufacturing companies.
现在不一样了，现在是技术劳动力。 “廉价中国”是其工业发展早期经常使用的简便描述，是在邓小平在1978-79年实施“改革开放”政策和1992年南巡讲话后的时期。在这一时期，大量的外商直接投资涌入，来自台湾地区、香港、中国侨民、日本、欧洲和美国，同时也建立了大量的国有企业和本土私营企业制造公司，大规模创造了就业机会。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Robert Quek
Not any more. Now, it is skill labour.
“Cheap China” was the much used shorthand descxtion in the early years of its industrial development, during the period that followed Deng xiaopin’s policy of “reform and opening” in 1978–79 and his Southern Tour (Nanxun) in 1992. It was the period that saw a massive creation of employment, from the large inflows of FDIs from Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Chinese diaspora, Japan, Europe, and US, as well as the establishment of large number of SOEs and indigenous private enterprise manufacturing companies.
现在不一样了，现在是技术劳动力。 “廉价中国”是其工业发展早期经常使用的简便描述，是在邓小平在1978-79年实施“改革开放”政策和1992年南巡讲话后的时期。在这一时期，大量的外商直接投资涌入，来自台湾地区、香港、中国侨民、日本、欧洲和美国，同时也建立了大量的国有企业和本土私营企业制造公司，大规模创造了就业机会。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
评论翻译
China was a very poor country, with a huge population, mainly peasants and rural people living in the countryside, where there was much under-employment. Farm reforms away from collectivism engendered a large and continuous outflow of people from the countryside to seek employment in the fast growing industrial sector in the cities & export zones. There is still the urban drift today, but no longer a flood. Urbanization is a deliberate policy of the government’s economic policy.
中国是一个非常贫穷的国家，拥有庞大人口主要是生活在农村地区的农民和乡村居民，那里存在着大量的就业不足。农村改革使得大量人口从农村流向城市和出口加工区寻找就业机会。如今，城市化仍然是政府经济政策中的一项重要战略。
中国是一个非常贫穷的国家，拥有庞大人口主要是生活在农村地区的农民和乡村居民，那里存在着大量的就业不足。农村改革使得大量人口从农村流向城市和出口加工区寻找就业机会。如今，城市化仍然是政府经济政策中的一项重要战略。
China’s attraction today is its supply of skill labour, juxtaposes with its centrality in the supply chain network, and the synergies inherent in the network.
如今，中国的吸引力在于其技术劳动力的供应，以及其在供应链网络中的中心地位，以及该网络中固有的协同效应。
如今，中国的吸引力在于其技术劳动力的供应，以及其在供应链网络中的中心地位，以及该网络中固有的协同效应。
Tim Cook, CEO of Apple once said that only China has the combination of electronic component supply chain and large pools of skill labour to make iphone on the scale that Apple needs.
苹果首席执行官蒂姆·库克曾经说过，只有中国拥有电子元件供应链和大量技能劳动力的组合，才能以苹果所需的规模生产iPhone。
苹果首席执行官蒂姆·库克曾经说过，只有中国拥有电子元件供应链和大量技能劳动力的组合，才能以苹果所需的规模生产iPhone。
He explained, “…it has less to do with the country’s large and cheap workforce than it does with the skills of the Chinese manufacturers….the focus on vocational skills….we need master tool and die makers, industrial engineers and other highly skilled people to do modern manufacturing…..I can fit the tool and die makers in the US in this large boardroom, in China, it would take several stadiums….”
他解释道：“与中国的大规模、廉价劳动力无关，而是与中国制造商的技能有关……关注的是职业技能……我们需要精通模具制造、工业工程师和其他高技能人才来进行现代制造……在美国，我可以容纳数个模具制造师在这间大会议室内，而在中国，需要几个体育场才行……”。
他解释道：“与中国的大规模、廉价劳动力无关，而是与中国制造商的技能有关……关注的是职业技能……我们需要精通模具制造、工业工程师和其他高技能人才来进行现代制造……在美国，我可以容纳数个模具制造师在这间大会议室内，而在中国，需要几个体育场才行……”。
K Chan
Not really. The hourly manufacturing labor cost for China is US$5.51 in 2018 (due to Covid-19, this is a more meaningful figure than the estimated US$6.5 for 2020). See below. Mexico and Vietnam are lower.
Manufacturing labor costs per hour: China, Vietnam, Mexico 2016-2020 | Statista
In contrast, the lowest hourly labour cost in the European unx is Bulgaria’s Eur5.4 in 2018.
Hourly labour costs
不完全正确。2018年中国的制造业每小时劳动力成本为5.51美元（由于COVID-19，这比2020年估计的6.5美元更具有意义）。见下文。墨西哥和越南的成本更低。 制造业每小时劳动力成本：中国、越南、墨西哥2016-2020 | Statista 相比之下，欧盟最低的每小时劳动力成本是2018年保加利亚的5.4欧元。 每小时劳动力成本
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Not really. The hourly manufacturing labor cost for China is US$5.51 in 2018 (due to Covid-19, this is a more meaningful figure than the estimated US$6.5 for 2020). See below. Mexico and Vietnam are lower.
Manufacturing labor costs per hour: China, Vietnam, Mexico 2016-2020 | Statista
In contrast, the lowest hourly labour cost in the European unx is Bulgaria’s Eur5.4 in 2018.
Hourly labour costs
不完全正确。2018年中国的制造业每小时劳动力成本为5.51美元（由于COVID-19，这比2020年估计的6.5美元更具有意义）。见下文。墨西哥和越南的成本更低。 制造业每小时劳动力成本：中国、越南、墨西哥2016-2020 | Statista 相比之下，欧盟最低的每小时劳动力成本是2018年保加利亚的5.4欧元。 每小时劳动力成本
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Furthermore, the states Georgia and Wyoming have state minimum wage of US$5.15. However the federal rate of $7.25 prevails. Otherwise, you could find lower labor cost in the US than China’s average.
Which states have the lowest minimum wage?
此外，乔治亚州和怀俄明州的州最低工资是5.15美元。然而，7.25美元的联邦标准仍然适用。否则，你可以在美国找到比中国平均水平更低的劳动力成本。 哪个州的最低工资最低？
Which states have the lowest minimum wage?
此外，乔治亚州和怀俄明州的州最低工资是5.15美元。然而，7.25美元的联邦标准仍然适用。否则，你可以在美国找到比中国平均水平更低的劳动力成本。 哪个州的最低工资最低？
Adrian Wilson
Thanks to Cheap living cost that lead to labor cost.
Govt dont tax so little on individual income, property, essential supplies. In return, the rich will contribute more via luxury car, cigar, drink….
感谢低廉的生活成本导致的劳动力成本。 政府对个人收入、财产、基本用品征税很少。相应地，富人会通过豪车、雪茄、饮料等奢侈品做出更多贡献。
Thanks to Cheap living cost that lead to labor cost.
Govt dont tax so little on individual income, property, essential supplies. In return, the rich will contribute more via luxury car, cigar, drink….
感谢低廉的生活成本导致的劳动力成本。 政府对个人收入、财产、基本用品征税很少。相应地，富人会通过豪车、雪茄、饮料等奢侈品做出更多贡献。
Paweł Kowalczuk
Thanks for asking me. It's simple. Population.
The more supply the cheaper price for it. Wages rise when demand is greater than supply, right? China has the largest population in the world. Western parts are still poorer than eastern parts…
谢谢你问我。很简单。人口。 供应越多，价格就越便宜。需求大于供应时工资就会上涨，对吧？中国是世界上人口最多的国家。西部地区仍比东部地区贫困...
Thanks for asking me. It's simple. Population.
The more supply the cheaper price for it. Wages rise when demand is greater than supply, right? China has the largest population in the world. Western parts are still poorer than eastern parts…
谢谢你问我。很简单。人口。 供应越多，价格就越便宜。需求大于供应时工资就会上涨，对吧？中国是世界上人口最多的国家。西部地区仍比东部地区贫困...
Ed Spire
Because they have 1B people moving from rural poverty into the middle class, and as they make that move, they are willing (and able, due to low cost of living) to work cheaply.
the same thing is true in India.
As third world countries enter the global market, their labor rates are low compared to ours, and will stay that way until the bulk of their people enter the middle class.
因为他们有10亿人从农村贫困地区走向中产阶级，随着这种变化，他们愿意（并且由于低成本生活而有能力）以低廉的价格工作。 同样的情况也存在于印度。 当第三世界国家进入全球市场时，他们的劳动力费用与我们相比较低，直到他们的大多数人进入中产阶级。
Because they have 1B people moving from rural poverty into the middle class, and as they make that move, they are willing (and able, due to low cost of living) to work cheaply.
the same thing is true in India.
As third world countries enter the global market, their labor rates are low compared to ours, and will stay that way until the bulk of their people enter the middle class.
因为他们有10亿人从农村贫困地区走向中产阶级，随着这种变化，他们愿意（并且由于低成本生活而有能力）以低廉的价格工作。 同样的情况也存在于印度。 当第三世界国家进入全球市场时，他们的劳动力费用与我们相比较低，直到他们的大多数人进入中产阶级。
Sthitapragnya Deshpande
Disclaimer: The author is a foreigner living in China
China does not pay workers in factories - their empoyer does. Some employers are SOEs, others are private companies.
Chinese workers are more expensive than Indian workers (a minimum salary for a construction labourer in cities is 3500 yuan / month - equivalent to Rs. 34,000/month). Ditto for factory workers, though most earn more.
How?
声明：作者是一位居住在中国的外国人。 中国不会直接支付工厂工人的工资，而是由雇主支付。一些雇主是国有企业，另一些则是私营公司。 中国工人比印度工人更昂贵（城市建筑工人的最低工资为每月3500元人民币，相当于每月34000卢比）。工厂工人也是如此，虽然大多数人的收入更高。 这是如何实现的呢？
Disclaimer: The author is a foreigner living in China
China does not pay workers in factories - their empoyer does. Some employers are SOEs, others are private companies.
Chinese workers are more expensive than Indian workers (a minimum salary for a construction labourer in cities is 3500 yuan / month - equivalent to Rs. 34,000/month). Ditto for factory workers, though most earn more.
How?
声明：作者是一位居住在中国的外国人。 中国不会直接支付工厂工人的工资，而是由雇主支付。一些雇主是国有企业，另一些则是私营公司。 中国工人比印度工人更昂贵（城市建筑工人的最低工资为每月3500元人民币，相当于每月34000卢比）。工厂工人也是如此，虽然大多数人的收入更高。 这是如何实现的呢？
The Chinese government makes it easier for factories to employ large numbers of workers by keeping the employers costs low. This is by reducing leases, charges fo land use, electricity, permits, etc.
This also depends on the field, depending on the direction that the government wishes to country to take. For example - 5 years back, the government wanted to incentivise green vehicles. It has sicne been giving a subsidy to BYD of 110,000 yuan for each car sold. the cars sell for 220,000 yuan so actually, the customer pays 110,000 RMB, the governement contributes the rest, BYD makes the same profit, is able to pay its workers, and the company is now the largest manufacturer of electric vehicles.
中国政府通过降低租赁、土地使用费用、电费、许可证等方面的成本，使工厂更容易雇用大量工人。这也取决于领域，取决于政府希望国家走向何方。例如，在5年前，政府希望激励绿色汽车的发展，因此一直向比亚迪提供每销售一辆汽车110000元的补贴。这些汽车售价为220000元，因此实际上客户只需支付110000元人民币，政府贡献其余资金，比亚迪获得了相同的利润，能够支付其工人，并且现在成为最大的电动汽车制造商。
This also depends on the field, depending on the direction that the government wishes to country to take. For example - 5 years back, the government wanted to incentivise green vehicles. It has sicne been giving a subsidy to BYD of 110,000 yuan for each car sold. the cars sell for 220,000 yuan so actually, the customer pays 110,000 RMB, the governement contributes the rest, BYD makes the same profit, is able to pay its workers, and the company is now the largest manufacturer of electric vehicles.
中国政府通过降低租赁、土地使用费用、电费、许可证等方面的成本，使工厂更容易雇用大量工人。这也取决于领域，取决于政府希望国家走向何方。例如，在5年前，政府希望激励绿色汽车的发展，因此一直向比亚迪提供每销售一辆汽车110000元的补贴。这些汽车售价为220000元，因此实际上客户只需支付110000元人民币，政府贡献其余资金，比亚迪获得了相同的利润，能够支付其工人，并且现在成为最大的电动汽车制造商。
Tesla gets no such subsidies, hence it continues to stutter despite being an equally good company with equally good cars.
Similarly, the government gives easy credit and cheap land for factories to set up in SEZs and has been introducing new SEZs in areas where people need employment.
In other words - it is because of the government. Reagan might have said this negatively (“The government is the problem …”), the Chinese do it differently and more positively.
特斯拉没有获得任何补贴，因此尽管是同样优秀的公司和同样出色的汽车，但仍在挣扎。 同样，政府为工厂提供易得的信贷和廉价土地，以在特别经济区设立工厂，并在需要就业的地区引入新的特别经济区。 换句话说，这正是因为政府。里根也许会以消极的方式说（“政府是问题的根源…”），但中国人却以不同、更积极的方式实现了这一点。
Similarly, the government gives easy credit and cheap land for factories to set up in SEZs and has been introducing new SEZs in areas where people need employment.
In other words - it is because of the government. Reagan might have said this negatively (“The government is the problem …”), the Chinese do it differently and more positively.
特斯拉没有获得任何补贴，因此尽管是同样优秀的公司和同样出色的汽车，但仍在挣扎。 同样，政府为工厂提供易得的信贷和廉价土地，以在特别经济区设立工厂，并在需要就业的地区引入新的特别经济区。 换句话说，这正是因为政府。里根也许会以消极的方式说（“政府是问题的根源…”），但中国人却以不同、更积极的方式实现了这一点。
Joseph Wang
They don’t. All of the cheap labour jobs have moved or are moving to Vietnam and Indonesia.
One of the massively underreported stories about the Chinese economy is that China is undergoing the same economic shift that the US went through in the 1970’s and 1980’s. The jobs that moved into China in the 1980’s are now rapidly moving out of China.
他们不会。所有廉价劳动力工作岗位已经迁移到越南和印度尼西亚，或者正在迁移至这些地方。 关于中国经济，有一个极为被低估的故事是，中国正在经历着与美国在20世纪70年代和80年代经历过的相同的经济转变。上世纪80年代转移到中国的工作岗位现在正迅速迁出中国。
They don’t. All of the cheap labour jobs have moved or are moving to Vietnam and Indonesia.
One of the massively underreported stories about the Chinese economy is that China is undergoing the same economic shift that the US went through in the 1970’s and 1980’s. The jobs that moved into China in the 1980’s are now rapidly moving out of China.
他们不会。所有廉价劳动力工作岗位已经迁移到越南和印度尼西亚，或者正在迁移至这些地方。 关于中国经济，有一个极为被低估的故事是，中国正在经历着与美国在20世纪70年代和80年代经历过的相同的经济转变。上世纪80年代转移到中国的工作岗位现在正迅速迁出中国。
Matt Elsen
Two big reasons:
1. Competitive Job Market. China has a high population. If you have a job, odds are there is someone out there who is more desperate than you, and they will gladly work for less money. This drives down wages, thus driving down prices on the product.
2. Weak Labor Laws. Labor laws in China are weak. Compared to Western countries, they are intolerable. Work is dangerous and more uncomfortable. Manufactures can and will make cuts to overhead, further driving down prices on the product.
两个主要原因：
1. 具有竞争性的就业市场。中国人口众多。如果你有一份工作，很可能会有比你更绝望的人，他们会很乐意以更少的钱工作。这降低了工资水平，从而降低了产品价格。
2. 劳动法薄弱。与西方国家相比，中国的劳动法律是难以忍受的。工作是危险和更不舒适的。制造商可以并且将会削减开支，进一步降低产品价格。
Two big reasons:
1. Competitive Job Market. China has a high population. If you have a job, odds are there is someone out there who is more desperate than you, and they will gladly work for less money. This drives down wages, thus driving down prices on the product.
2. Weak Labor Laws. Labor laws in China are weak. Compared to Western countries, they are intolerable. Work is dangerous and more uncomfortable. Manufactures can and will make cuts to overhead, further driving down prices on the product.
两个主要原因：
1. 具有竞争性的就业市场。中国人口众多。如果你有一份工作，很可能会有比你更绝望的人，他们会很乐意以更少的钱工作。这降低了工资水平，从而降低了产品价格。
2. 劳动法薄弱。与西方国家相比，中国的劳动法律是难以忍受的。工作是危险和更不舒适的。制造商可以并且将会削减开支，进一步降低产品价格。
Katie Pedro
Labor’s wage is decided by labor market economics. Normal economics supply and demand, equilibrium applies to the labor market. When supply of labor exceeds demand for the labor, price, i.e. wage goes down. When demand of labor exceeds supply, wage goes up.
劳动力的工资是由劳动力市场经济决定的。正常的经济学供需平衡也适用于劳动力市场。当劳动力供应超过对劳动力的需求时，价格即工资下降。当劳动力需求超过供应时，工资上涨。
Labor’s wage is decided by labor market economics. Normal economics supply and demand, equilibrium applies to the labor market. When supply of labor exceeds demand for the labor, price, i.e. wage goes down. When demand of labor exceeds supply, wage goes up.
劳动力的工资是由劳动力市场经济决定的。正常的经济学供需平衡也适用于劳动力市场。当劳动力供应超过对劳动力的需求时，价格即工资下降。当劳动力需求超过供应时，工资上涨。
Then other factors pitch in, such as barrier of entry (how much training required to perform the job, how easy to learn, how accessible the hiring facility is, local regulations - some job only allow local residents to apply), minimum wage mandated by law, competition for labor in other sectors (for example fast development in online shopping increased demands of delivery workers, took away supply of assembly workers, caused the factory labor cost to increase), income tax and social security costs, and other regulatory changes (such as recent change on maternity leave) etc. caused the labor cost to fluctuate.
然后其他因素也会起作用，例如进入门槛（工作所需的培训程度、学习难度、招聘设施的易达性、当地法规-某些工作只允许当地居民申请），法律规定的最低工资，其他部门对劳动力的竞争（例如在线购物的快速发展增加了对送货员的需求，减少了装配工人的供应，导致工厂劳动力成本增加），所得税和社会保障成本，以及其他监管变化（例如最近的产假变动）等等，都会导致劳动力成本波动。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
然后其他因素也会起作用，例如进入门槛（工作所需的培训程度、学习难度、招聘设施的易达性、当地法规-某些工作只允许当地居民申请），法律规定的最低工资，其他部门对劳动力的竞争（例如在线购物的快速发展增加了对送货员的需求，减少了装配工人的供应，导致工厂劳动力成本增加），所得税和社会保障成本，以及其他监管变化（例如最近的产假变动）等等，都会导致劳动力成本波动。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
China's labor cost is relatively cheaper than more developed countries because all of the above mentioned factors. The urbanization of rural area caused the farming land allocated to each family unit in the village small enough that only one or two adults can take care of it. So the rest of the people went to the city looking for jobs. Many worked as maids, nanny, construction, handyman, delivery, service sector and in factories. If there are more people look for these jobs than existing job opening, you got cheap labor. Sometimes you just don't get enough labor in certain area, you got not so cheap labor. For example, nanny specialized at taking care of new mother and her new born baby. China has high demand on this kind of nanny. It is hard job. The live in nanny will cook nutritious food for mother to recover and produce milk, take care of new born, clean after the baby, and even help new mother to learn how to deal with her baby. Hard to learn, hard work, odd hours. So there is shortage of specialty nanny. The current price for an experienced nanny is RMB15,000/month. In comparison, average salary for fresh university graduates in first tier cities are RMB6,500/month.
中国的劳动力成本相对于发达国家而言较低，因为上述所有因素。农村地区的城市化使得每个家庭单位在村庄里分配的耕地足够小，只有一两个成年人能够照料。因此，其他人去城市找工作。许多人在家庭里当女佣、保姆，或者在建筑业、维修工、快递员、服务行业和工厂工作。如果有更多的人寻找这些工作而工作机会有限，就会出现廉价劳动力。有时候在某些地区劳动力不足，劳动力就不那么廉价。例如，专门照顾新妈妈和新生婴儿的保姆。中国对这种保姆有很高的需求。这是一份辛苦的工作。住家保姆会为母亲做营养丰富的食物以恢复体力并产奶，照顾新生儿，帮助妈妈清理宝宝，并甚至帮助新妈妈学习如何照顾宝宝。学习难度大、工作辛苦、工作时间不固定。因此，专业保姆的供应不足。目前，有经验的保姆的价格是每月1.5万元。相比之下，一线城市新毕业大学生的平均工资为每月6500元。
中国的劳动力成本相对于发达国家而言较低，因为上述所有因素。农村地区的城市化使得每个家庭单位在村庄里分配的耕地足够小，只有一两个成年人能够照料。因此，其他人去城市找工作。许多人在家庭里当女佣、保姆，或者在建筑业、维修工、快递员、服务行业和工厂工作。如果有更多的人寻找这些工作而工作机会有限，就会出现廉价劳动力。有时候在某些地区劳动力不足，劳动力就不那么廉价。例如，专门照顾新妈妈和新生婴儿的保姆。中国对这种保姆有很高的需求。这是一份辛苦的工作。住家保姆会为母亲做营养丰富的食物以恢复体力并产奶，照顾新生儿，帮助妈妈清理宝宝，并甚至帮助新妈妈学习如何照顾宝宝。学习难度大、工作辛苦、工作时间不固定。因此，专业保姆的供应不足。目前，有经验的保姆的价格是每月1.5万元。相比之下，一线城市新毕业大学生的平均工资为每月6500元。
Look at China’s labor market trend, factors like low birth rate, growing higher education institutions, growing service sector, growing eCommerce decreased the supply for factory workers, which is a upward driver for labor cost. Factors like automation, moving factories to even lower wage countries, weakening global economy decreased demand for labor, drive down wages.
看看中国劳动力市场趋势，低出生率、高等教育机构的增长、服务业的增长、电子商务的增长减少了工厂工人的供应，这是劳动力成本上升的推动因素。自动化、将工厂转移到更低工资国家、全球经济疲软等因素降低了对劳动力的需求，推动工资下降。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
看看中国劳动力市场趋势，低出生率、高等教育机构的增长、服务业的增长、电子商务的增长减少了工厂工人的供应，这是劳动力成本上升的推动因素。自动化、将工厂转移到更低工资国家、全球经济疲软等因素降低了对劳动力的需求，推动工资下降。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Other factors, such as a hike on minimum wage or a hike on social insurance costs increased the cost of hire thus lowered the demand for labor, leave some less competitive worker jobless.
You see that's how equilibrium of labor markets dictate how cheap or how expensive China labor price will be.
其他因素，例如最低工资的提高或社会保险成本的上涨增加了雇佣成本，从而降低了对劳动力的需求，导致一些竞争力较弱的工人失业。
你可以看到，劳动力市场的均衡决定了中国劳动力价格的廉价或昂贵程度。
You see that's how equilibrium of labor markets dictate how cheap or how expensive China labor price will be.
其他因素，例如最低工资的提高或社会保险成本的上涨增加了雇佣成本，从而降低了对劳动力的需求，导致一些竞争力较弱的工人失业。
你可以看到，劳动力市场的均衡决定了中国劳动力价格的廉价或昂贵程度。
In fact, the supply of work can't catch up the demand of worker. The workers can find their next job in no time. The short supply of worker has caused China labor price steadily increase year over year. I think automation is beneficial for China's manufacturing sector if China still want to be the number one manufacturer of the world.
事实上，工作供应无法赶上工人的需求。工人们可以很快找到下一份工作。工人供应短缺导致中国劳动力价格逐年稳步上涨。如果中国仍然希望成为世界制造业第一大国，我认为自动化对中国的制造业是有益的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
事实上，工作供应无法赶上工人的需求。工人们可以很快找到下一份工作。工人供应短缺导致中国劳动力价格逐年稳步上涨。如果中国仍然希望成为世界制造业第一大国，我认为自动化对中国的制造业是有益的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Zoey Shen
we have a large amount of manpower. and because China is still an undeveloped country, our consumption level is low compared to developed countries, so although the average salary of Labour is low, people can still live their life better than imagined
我们有大量的劳动力资源。由于中国仍是一个不发达的国家，相对于发达国家，我们的消费水平较低，因此尽管劳动力的平均工资较低，人们的生活水平仍比想象中要好。
we have a large amount of manpower. and because China is still an undeveloped country, our consumption level is low compared to developed countries, so although the average salary of Labour is low, people can still live their life better than imagined
我们有大量的劳动力资源。由于中国仍是一个不发达的国家，相对于发达国家，我们的消费水平较低，因此尽管劳动力的平均工资较低，人们的生活水平仍比想象中要好。
Evan Li
1、We have largest population in the world,but you can say india has second largest population which has more younger population.But look at 2.
2、We have nine year compulsory education，which can’t make us become doctor,lawyer ,any job need high education，but we can be worker，to be a member of a labour intensive industry. making shoes，toys and so on.
3、We have many poor famliies.They are willing to accept low income，which will make them alive,better life than to be a peasant.
4、Hard work is the fine tradition of our nation.
5、China's infrastructure is ahead of many countries.It is convenient for people to go out to work，even across half of China.
6、Some westerners enjoy high welfare for too long, can not accept the strength of our work.
1、我们拥有世界上最大的人口，但你可以说印度是拥有第二大人口的国家，他们拥有更多年轻的人口。但请看第2点。 2、我们有九年义务教育，这并不能让我们成为医生、律师或者任何需要高学历的职业，但我们可以成为工人，成为劳动密集型产业的一员，制造鞋子、玩具等等。 3、我们有很多贫困家庭，他们愿意接受低收入，这样至少能保证生活，比当农民要好些。 4、勤劳是我们民族的美德传统。 5、中国的基础设施领先于许多国家，这使得人们出去工作变得方便，甚至可以跨越中国的一半距离。 6、一些西方人长期享受高福利，无法接受我们工作的强度。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
1、We have largest population in the world,but you can say india has second largest population which has more younger population.But look at 2.
2、We have nine year compulsory education，which can’t make us become doctor,lawyer ,any job need high education，but we can be worker，to be a member of a labour intensive industry. making shoes，toys and so on.
3、We have many poor famliies.They are willing to accept low income，which will make them alive,better life than to be a peasant.
4、Hard work is the fine tradition of our nation.
5、China's infrastructure is ahead of many countries.It is convenient for people to go out to work，even across half of China.
6、Some westerners enjoy high welfare for too long, can not accept the strength of our work.
1、我们拥有世界上最大的人口，但你可以说印度是拥有第二大人口的国家，他们拥有更多年轻的人口。但请看第2点。 2、我们有九年义务教育，这并不能让我们成为医生、律师或者任何需要高学历的职业，但我们可以成为工人，成为劳动密集型产业的一员，制造鞋子、玩具等等。 3、我们有很多贫困家庭，他们愿意接受低收入，这样至少能保证生活，比当农民要好些。 4、勤劳是我们民族的美德传统。 5、中国的基础设施领先于许多国家，这使得人们出去工作变得方便，甚至可以跨越中国的一半距离。 6、一些西方人长期享受高福利，无法接受我们工作的强度。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Atchutanandam Tatavarthy
Iam only against China in respect of its support to Pakisthan which is violent, very dogmatic in its religion beyond any rationalisation and wants to make India as Islamic country with the support of muslim poluation of nearly 20crores in India Bangladesh and Pakisthan put together comes to another 30 crores. China did not consider the friendship of India as better than Pakisthan. Otherwise China’s people and its Govt. did a lot better to its people than any Govt. In the world which is accepted ungrudginly by me and majority of Indians.
我只是反对中国在支持巴基斯坦方面的做法，巴基斯坦在其宗教上非常教条主义和暴力，无法进行任何理性的辩论，并想要通过印度、孟加拉国和巴基斯坦联合起来的近两亿穆斯林人口将印度变成伊斯兰国家。中国没有把印度作为比巴基斯坦更好的朋友考虑。否则，中国政府对其人民的发展做了很多优秀的事情，这一点被我和大多数印度人无怨无悔地接受。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Iam only against China in respect of its support to Pakisthan which is violent, very dogmatic in its religion beyond any rationalisation and wants to make India as Islamic country with the support of muslim poluation of nearly 20crores in India Bangladesh and Pakisthan put together comes to another 30 crores. China did not consider the friendship of India as better than Pakisthan. Otherwise China’s people and its Govt. did a lot better to its people than any Govt. In the world which is accepted ungrudginly by me and majority of Indians.
我只是反对中国在支持巴基斯坦方面的做法，巴基斯坦在其宗教上非常教条主义和暴力，无法进行任何理性的辩论，并想要通过印度、孟加拉国和巴基斯坦联合起来的近两亿穆斯林人口将印度变成伊斯兰国家。中国没有把印度作为比巴基斯坦更好的朋友考虑。否则，中国政府对其人民的发展做了很多优秀的事情，这一点被我和大多数印度人无怨无悔地接受。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Sara Ying
Definitely agree with Anthony about cheap being a relative thing. Nowadays, labor is actually cheaper in Vietnam and other parts of Southeast Asia. However, Chinese labor is still cheap in comparison to the US and Europe because factors like inflation and minimum wage.
绝对赞同安东尼关于“廉价”是相对的说法。现在，越南和其他东南亚国家的劳动力实际上比中国更便宜。然而，与美国和欧洲相比，中国的劳动力仍然相对廉价，因为存在通货膨胀和最低工资等因素。
Definitely agree with Anthony about cheap being a relative thing. Nowadays, labor is actually cheaper in Vietnam and other parts of Southeast Asia. However, Chinese labor is still cheap in comparison to the US and Europe because factors like inflation and minimum wage.
绝对赞同安东尼关于“廉价”是相对的说法。现在，越南和其他东南亚国家的劳动力实际上比中国更便宜。然而，与美国和欧洲相比，中国的劳动力仍然相对廉价，因为存在通货膨胀和最低工资等因素。
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