网帖翻译

When talking about major milk-producing countries, people often subconsciously think of the United States, Russia, Australia or some Western European countries. Of course, these countries do produce a lot of milk. In addition to the United States, which has an annual output of hundreds of millions of tons, other countries also produce tens of millions of tons.

当谈到主要的乳品生产国时，人们往往会下意识地想到美国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚或一些西欧国家。当然，这些国家确实生产了大量的牛奶。除了年产量达到数亿吨的美国外，其他国家也生产了数千万吨。

But the total milk production of these countries is not the largest. The country with the highest production is actually a country that surprises you: India.

但这些国家的牛奶总产量并不是最大的。产量最高的国家实际上是一个令人惊讶的国家：印度。

India's total population has surpassed China's. Due to the differences in eating habits between the two countries, India has a large demand for milk and its production is also very high. However, India's milk is rarely exported, so it is easily ignored. As everyone knows, it is a giant in the field of milk production, with more milk production than China.

印度的总人口已经超过了中国。由于两国饮食习惯的差异，印度对牛奶的需求量很大，其生产量也非常高。然而，印度的牛奶很少出口，因此很容易被忽视。众所周知，它是乳品生产领域的巨头，其牛奶产量超过了中国。

If you have cows, you can have milk. And this is precisely India's strength. Almost every household in India raises cattle. Data shows that there are 330 million cattle in India, and there is another saying that there are 500 million cattle. Regardless of the data, it is clear that the number of Indian cattle ranks first in the world, and this number is still increasing, naturally providing sufficient milk sources for milk production.

有了奶牛就能有牛奶。而这正是印度的强项。印度几乎每个家庭都养牛。数据显示，印度有3.3亿头牛，还有一种说法是有5亿头牛。不管是哪个数据，都清楚地表明印度的牛数量排在世界第一位，而这个数字还在增长，自然为牛奶生产提供了充足的奶源。

On the other hand, India is a vegetarian country and believes that vegetarianism can bring people a sense of happiness. In their daily diet, milk-based soufflé, ghee and yogurt are staple foods and sources of protein in Indians' daily diet. It is understandable that the demand for milk across India is high.

另一方面，印度是一个素食国家，相信素食能给人带来幸福感。在他们的日常饮食中，以牛奶为基础的蛋奶酥、酥油和酸奶是印度人日常饮食的主食和蛋白质来源。可以理解，印度对牛奶的需求量很高。

There are currently 75 million dairy farmers in India, most of whom are women from rural families who usually feed one to two cows or buffaloes themselves. The milk squeezed out every day is used for family consumption or the excess is sold on the market to subsidize the family.

目前，印度有7500万家庭农场主，其中大多数是来自农村家庭的女性，她们通常自己喂养一到两头奶牛或水牛。每天挤出的牛奶用于家庭消费，或者多余的部分在市场上出售以补贴家用。

Therefore, in addition to the supply of Friesian cows specially used for milk production, a large part of India's milk is buffalo milk. The number of buffaloes accounts for 60% of the world's total, with an annual output of tens of millions of tons. Compared with ordinary Friesian cattle, the annual output of buffalo milk is relatively low, only about 2,000 kilograms, which is only one-half or one-third of the former. The low output limits the development of the buffalo milk industry to a certain extent.

因此，除了专门用于牛奶生产的荷斯坦牛之外，印度大部分的牛奶实际上是水牛奶。水牛的数量占世界总数的60%，年产量达到数千万吨。与普通的荷斯坦牛相比，水牛的年产奶量相对较低，只有大约2000公斤，仅为前者的一半或三分之一。低产量在一定程度上限制了水牛奶行业的发展。

In fact, China also produces nearly 3 million tons of buffalo milk every year. The special snack "Double Skin Milk" in Guangdong and Guangxi is made from buffalo milk and has a sweet but not greasy taste.

事实上，中国每年也生产近300万吨水牛奶。广东和广西的特色小吃“双皮奶”就是用水牛奶制作的，味道香甜而不腻。

In India, almost all the milk produced is consumed by the country's huge population, making the dairy industry fragmented and localized. A company called Amul has become the leading company in the Indian dairy industry. It was founded in the western Indian state of Gujarat. As a product of the cooperative movement, it has 3.6 million dairy farmers, 95 dairy factories, and supplies more than 1,000 dairy products every year. tons of milk, making it the eighth largest milk processor in the world. This cooperative model created India's White Revolution and made India the world's largest milk producer.

在印度，几乎所有生产的牛奶都被国内庞大的人口消费，使得乳品行业零散且本地化。一家名为Amul的公司已成为印度乳品行业的领头公司。它成立于印度西部的古吉拉特邦。作为合作运动的产物，它拥有360万家庭农场主，95个乳品工厂，每年供应超过1000吨的牛奶，成为世界第八大牛奶加工商。这种合作模式创造了印度的“白色革命”，使印度成为世界上最大的牛奶生产国。

Data shows that in 2022, India's total liquid milk production will be 203 million tons, ranking first in the world and nearly 100 million tons higher than the United States. India's per capita annual milk consumption is 110 liters, more than three times that of China. It can be said that milk feeds India, and its average life expectancy has increased from less than 50 years in the past to 69 years.

数据显示，2022年，印度的总液态牛奶产量为2.03亿吨，位居世界第一，比美国高出近1亿吨。印度人均年牛奶消费量为110升，是中国的三倍多。可以说，牛奶养活了印度，其平均预期寿命从过去的不到50岁增加到了69岁。

After talking about India, let's look at China. There is no tradition of drinking milk in the inland areas of China. Even if the ancients liked to eat dairy products, they consumed goat milk. In addition, China's cattle types are mainly native cattle and buffaloes, and their milk production is also low. The black and white dairy cows have only been introduced to China for a hundred years.

说完印度，我们再来看看中国。中国内陆地区没有喝牛奶的传统。即使古人喜欢吃乳制品，他们也是消费羊奶。此外，中国的牛类型主要是土牛和水牛，它们的产奶量也低。黑白相间的奶牛只引进到中国一百年。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

In the early days, milk was only a nutritious food for young children, pregnant women, the elderly and the sick. In the 1980s, China issued the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents" and began to advocate residents to drink milk, and the milk consumption of Chinese people began to increase rapidly in quantity.

早期，牛奶只是儿童、孕妇、老年人和病人的营养食品。20世纪80年代，中国发布了《中国居民膳食指南》，开始倡导居民饮用牛奶，中国人的牛奶消费量开始迅速增加。

Data show that in 1980, China's milk production was just over one million tons. In 2000, it reached 8.3 million tons. By 2010, it more than tripled to more than 30 million tons. Last year, the production climbed to 39.32 million tons, an increase of It hit a new high in the past four years.

数据显示，1980年中国的牛奶产量刚刚超过100万吨。到2000年，达到了830万吨。到2010年，增加了三倍多，超过了3000万吨。去年，产量攀升到了3932万吨，创下了过去四年的新高。

Currently, there are nearly 10 million dairy cows in China, and the national average dairy cow yield is 37-38 kilograms. The dairy cow yield in Wuwei, Gansu Province exceeded 49 kilograms at the beginning of the year, reaching the leading level of global dairy farming and becoming a new benchmark for domestic dairy cow yield.

目前，中国有近1000万头奶牛，全国平均每头奶牛的产奶量为37-38公斤。今年初，甘肃省武威的奶牛产奶量超过了49公斤，达到了全球奶牛养殖的领先水平，成为了国内奶牛产奶量的新标杆。

However, due to the huge population base, China's per capita milk consumption is still far behind the 300-500 ml recommended by residents' dietary guidelines, which is only one-third of the global average. There is still considerable room for growth in dairy consumption.

然而，由于庞大的人口基数，中国人均牛奶消费量仍远远落后于居民膳食指南推荐的300-500毫升，仅为全球平均水平的三分之一。乳品消费还有相当大的增长空间。

Although the gap between China and India's milk production and consumption is not small, there is no need to belittle oneself. This is caused by the different dietary structures of the two countries. For example, India's per capita annual meat consumption is less than 5 kilograms, while China's is 70 kilograms, and India is only one-fourth of China's. The entire Chinese population eats 16.5 billion poultry, 700 million pigs, 400 million sheep, and 50 million cattle a year, more than any other country in the world.

尽管中国和印度在牛奶生产和消费上的差距不小，但没有必要自轻自贱。这是由两国不同的饮食结构所导致的。例如，印度人均年肉类消费量不到5公斤，而中国为70公斤，印度只有中国的四分之一。全中国的人口每年消费165亿只家禽、7亿只猪、4亿只羊和5000万头牛，超过世界上任何其他国家。