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Aya Shawn
Living in Singapore, professional investorDec 22
Vietnam's manufacturing industry is developing very rapidly, especially the processing industry driven by foreign investment.
However, compared with China's manufacturing industry, Vietnam's manufacturing industry is still very weak, and the two cannot be compared together.
In fact, no country in the world can compare with China in terms of manufacturing.

越南制造业发展非常迅速，尤其是外资带动的加工业。
不过，与中国制造业相比，越南制造业还很薄弱，两者不能放在一起比较。
事实上，就制造业而言，世界上没有哪个国家可以与中国相比。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

1. Scale 2022:
China's GDP reaches 18 trillion US dollars, of which industrial GDP accounts for 33%.
Vietnam’s GDP reaches US$0.4 trillion, of which industrial GDP accounts for 25%
This means that Vietnam’s manufacturing (industry) scale is only 1.6% of China’s
In 2023, China's manufacturing (industry) is expected to grow by 4.3%, which means that the increase in China's manufacturing industry this year will be US$0.25 trillion, equivalent to 2.5 times that of Vietnam's manufacturing industry. All is industrial GDP.
No matter from which dimension, the scale of Vietnam's manufacturing industry is not of the same order of magnitude as China's, and there is no comparability at all. The difference between them is like the difference between an ant and an elephant.

1. 规模 2022：
中国GDP 18万亿美元，其中工业GDP占比33%。
越南GDP 0.4万亿美元，其中工业GDP占比25%
这意味着越南制造业（工业）规模仅为中国的1.6%
2023年中国制造业（工业）预计增长4.3%，这意味着今年中国制造业增量将达0.25万亿美元，相当于越南功业GDP的2.5倍;。
无论从哪个维度来看，越南制造业规模与中国都不是一个数量级，根本没有可比性。它们之间的区别就像蚂蚁和大象之间的区别。

2. Area
China's industry is very comprehensive. Not only do they process and assemble, they also manufacture key components. They also have unparalleled heavy industries such as petrochemical and mechanical industries, automobiles, shipbuilding and aerospace manufacturing.
Most of Vietnam's manufacturing industry is still in the product processing and assembly areas, as these areas rely on large amounts of manpower. Human resources in Vietnam are relatively cheap. This is why Vietnam attracts a lot of external investment.
Human beings are made in hierarchies. There are products with short industrial chains, such as clothing, and there are also products with long industrial chains, such as cars and mobile phones.
If you don't quite understand, I provide two pictures to illustrate this point.

2. 领域
中国的工业非常全面。他们不仅进行加工和组装，还制造关键部件。他们还拥有无与伦比的重工业，如石化和机械工业、汽车、造船和航空航天制造。
越南制造业大部分仍处于产品加工和组装领域，因为这些领域依赖大量的人力。越南的人力资源相对便宜。这就是越南吸引大量外部投资的原因。
人类的工业是有层次的。有产业链短的产品，比如服装，也有产业链长的产品，比如汽车、手机。
如果你不太明白，我提供两张图来说明这一点。

图1：一条牛仔裤在越南和中国的区别

图2：一台智能手机中国和越南的区别

China is the only country in the world that has all human industrial types announced by the United Nations.

中国是世界上唯一拥有联合国公布的全部人类工业类型的国家。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

3. Technology
Vietnam's manufacturing industry basically remains at a low-tech level. Vietnam already has a large number of workers but lacks senior engineers, researchers and experts.
Vietnam's manufacturing industry relies almost entirely on foreign technology, with foreign companies developing technology, manufacturing and assembly in Vietnam. This is very similar to China 30 years ago. At that time, China was also full of processing plants of foreign companies, but they did not have much of their own technology.
But in China today, manufacturing technology has reached the world's top level. But their technical areas are very complete. They compete with the United States in semiconductors, South Korea in display panels and fine chemicals, Germany in machinery manufacturing, and Japan in automobile manufacturing. They have all the technological fields that the world's top industrial countries have. Although in some areas, it has not yet reached its peak.

3、技术
越南制造业基本停留在低技术水平。越南已经拥有大量工人，但缺乏高级工程师、研究人员和专家。
越南制造业几乎完全依赖外国技术，外国公司在越南开发技术、制造和组装。这与30年前的中国非常相似。当时中国也布满了外国公司的加工厂，但他们并没有多少自己的技术。
但如今的中国，制造技术已经达到世界顶尖水平。但他们的技术领域非常齐全。他们在半导体领域与美国竞争，在显示面板和精细化学品领域与韩国竞争，在机械制造领域与德国竞争，在汽车制造领域与日本竞争。他们拥有世界顶级工业国家所拥有的所有技术领域。尽管在某些地区，还没有达到顶峰。

4. Talent
China has 4.7 million STEM graduates every year, most of whom will enter the manufacturing industry. By comparison, there are only 560,000 in the United States and 13,000 in Vietnam.

4、人才
中国每年有470万STEM毕业生，其中大部分将进入制造业。相比之下，美国只有56万，越南只有1.3万。