QA问答：学中文的老外好奇：中国有“北京”、“南京”，为何没有“西京”、“东京”呢？
正文翻译
@Daniel Cheng
Dongjing, Nanjing, xijing, Beijing are all romanizations for the capital cities of the 4 cardinal directions (North, South, East, West)
Dongjing exists as Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Both kanji in Japan and Chinese characters write it as 東京.Tokyo’s old name was Edo, meaning mouth of a river.
@Daniel Cheng
Dongjing, Nanjing, xijing, Beijing are all romanizations for the capital cities of the 4 cardinal directions (North, South, East, West)
Dongjing exists as Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Both kanji in Japan and Chinese characters write it as 東京.Tokyo’s old name was Edo, meaning mouth of a river.
In China:
Datong was named “Datong xijing governate” and once one of the five capitals of the Liao Dynasty and the temporary capital of the three dynasties of Liao, Jin and Yuan.
Fengxiang also known as the “Fengxiang governate” of xijing established in the Tang Dynasty
The former name of Chengdu, called xijing by a short-lived successor state to the Ming under the warlord Zhang xianzhong
The former name of xi’an under the Republic of China.
In Korea:
Old name of Pyongyang during the Goryeo dynasty, as its temporary capital city.
Cheongju, was one of the five small capitals of Unified Silla on the Korean peninsula.
In Vietnam:
xijing was a Chinese name for Thanh Hóa, the western capital of Lê dynasty in the 15th century.
东京、南京、西京、北京都是四个方位（北、南、东、西）的首都的汉字拼音。
东京存在于日本，是日本的首都。日本的汉字和中国的汉字都写作“东京”。东京的旧名是江户，意思是河口。
在中国：
大同被命名为“大同西京府”，曾经是辽朝五个首都之一，以及辽、金和元三个朝代的临时首都。
凤翔，也被称为唐朝建立的“西京凤翔府”。
成都的前名，在明末军阀张献忠的一个短命国家中被称为西京。
中华人民共和国时期西安的旧名也叫西京。
在韩国：
在高丽王朝期间，平壤的旧名叫西京，作为其临时首都。
清州是朝鲜半岛上统一新罗的五个小首都之一。
在越南：
西京是15世纪黎朝西部首都清化的中文名称。
Datong was named “Datong xijing governate” and once one of the five capitals of the Liao Dynasty and the temporary capital of the three dynasties of Liao, Jin and Yuan.
Fengxiang also known as the “Fengxiang governate” of xijing established in the Tang Dynasty
The former name of Chengdu, called xijing by a short-lived successor state to the Ming under the warlord Zhang xianzhong
The former name of xi’an under the Republic of China.
In Korea:
Old name of Pyongyang during the Goryeo dynasty, as its temporary capital city.
Cheongju, was one of the five small capitals of Unified Silla on the Korean peninsula.
In Vietnam:
xijing was a Chinese name for Thanh Hóa, the western capital of Lê dynasty in the 15th century.
东京、南京、西京、北京都是四个方位（北、南、东、西）的首都的汉字拼音。
东京存在于日本，是日本的首都。日本的汉字和中国的汉字都写作“东京”。东京的旧名是江户，意思是河口。
在中国：
大同被命名为“大同西京府”，曾经是辽朝五个首都之一，以及辽、金和元三个朝代的临时首都。
凤翔，也被称为唐朝建立的“西京凤翔府”。
成都的前名，在明末军阀张献忠的一个短命国家中被称为西京。
中华人民共和国时期西安的旧名也叫西京。
在韩国：
在高丽王朝期间，平壤的旧名叫西京，作为其临时首都。
清州是朝鲜半岛上统一新罗的五个小首都之一。
在越南：
西京是15世纪黎朝西部首都清化的中文名称。
评论翻译
@Minh Nguyễn
Also, Hanoi was called Đông Kinh, meaning 'Eastern Capital during the Le dynasty.
此外，河内在黎朝期间被称为东京，意思是“东方首都”。
Also, Hanoi was called Đông Kinh, meaning 'Eastern Capital during the Le dynasty.
此外，河内在黎朝期间被称为东京，意思是“东方首都”。
@Văn Trung Hiếu Official
The terms "xijing" and "Dongjing"are not commonly used for major cities in China due to historical and political reasons.
"xijing" means "Western Capital" and "Dongjing" means "Eastern Capital." Historically, these terms were used to refer to temporary capitals when the Chinese imperial court relocated.
For instance, xi'an was once called xijing when it served as the western capital.
Similarly, Dongjing refers to cities like Kaifeng or Nanjing when they were the eastern capitals.
However, these temporary capitals were not named as such in official records or common usage.
The more well-known names, such as Beijing (Northern Capital) and Nanjing (Southern Capital), have become the official names over time.
Beijing is currently the capital of China and is more prominent than xi'an or Kaifeng.
In summary, the lack of widespread use of "xijing" and "Dongjing" as city names can be attributed to historical context and the eventual official recognition of Beijing and Nanjing as the primary capitals.
由于历史和政治原因，“西京”和“东京”这些术语在中国的主要城市中并不常用。
“西京”意味着“西部首都”，“东京”意味着“东部首都”。历史上，这些术语用来指代中国帝国朝廷搬迁时的临时首都。
例如，西安曾经被称为西京，当它作为西部首都服务时。
同样，东京指的是像开封或南京这样曾经是东部首都的城市。
然而，这些临时首都在官方记录或常用语中并不是这样称呼的。
更知名的名字，如北京（北部首都）和南京（南部首都），随着时间的推移成为了官方名称。
北京目前是中国的首都，比西安或开封更为突出。
总结来说，“西京”和“东京”作为城市名称的广泛使用缺乏，可以归因于历史背景以及最终官方承认北京和南京为主要首都。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The terms "xijing" and "Dongjing"are not commonly used for major cities in China due to historical and political reasons.
"xijing" means "Western Capital" and "Dongjing" means "Eastern Capital." Historically, these terms were used to refer to temporary capitals when the Chinese imperial court relocated.
For instance, xi'an was once called xijing when it served as the western capital.
Similarly, Dongjing refers to cities like Kaifeng or Nanjing when they were the eastern capitals.
However, these temporary capitals were not named as such in official records or common usage.
The more well-known names, such as Beijing (Northern Capital) and Nanjing (Southern Capital), have become the official names over time.
Beijing is currently the capital of China and is more prominent than xi'an or Kaifeng.
In summary, the lack of widespread use of "xijing" and "Dongjing" as city names can be attributed to historical context and the eventual official recognition of Beijing and Nanjing as the primary capitals.
由于历史和政治原因，“西京”和“东京”这些术语在中国的主要城市中并不常用。
“西京”意味着“西部首都”，“东京”意味着“东部首都”。历史上，这些术语用来指代中国帝国朝廷搬迁时的临时首都。
例如，西安曾经被称为西京，当它作为西部首都服务时。
同样，东京指的是像开封或南京这样曾经是东部首都的城市。
然而，这些临时首都在官方记录或常用语中并不是这样称呼的。
更知名的名字，如北京（北部首都）和南京（南部首都），随着时间的推移成为了官方名称。
北京目前是中国的首都，比西安或开封更为突出。
总结来说，“西京”和“东京”作为城市名称的广泛使用缺乏，可以归因于历史背景以及最终官方承认北京和南京为主要首都。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Văn Trung Hiếu Official
The absence of "xijing" (Western Capital) and "Dongjing" (Eastern Capital) in modern usage can be attributed to historical and linguistic factors.
While "Beijing" means Northern Capital and "Nanjing" means Southern Capital, "xijing" and "Dongjing" were names of past capitals during different dynasties in Chinese history.
"xijing" was the name of the capital during the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 771 BC), located in present-day xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
After the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the term "xijing" fell into disuse.
Similarly, "Dongjing" was the name of the capital during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (771 BC – 256 BC), located in present-day Luoyang, Henan Province.
Over time, the names of these capitals changed, and the terms "xijing" and "Dongjing" were replaced by the names of the current cities.
As a result, they are no longer commonly used today.
Furthermore, the names "Beijing" and "Nanjing" have become more prominent due to the long history of these cities serving as capitals during various dynasties, shaping their identities and influencing their development.
现代使用中缺少“西京”（西部首都）和“东京”（东部首都）可以归因于历史和语言因素。
虽然“北京”意味着北部首都，“南京”意味着南部首都，“西京”和“东京”是中国古代不同朝代首都的名字。
“西京”是西周王朝（公元前1046年至公元前771年）首都的名字，位于今天的陕西省西安市。
西周王朝灭亡后，“西京”这个术语就不再使用了。
同样，“东京”是东周王朝（公元前771年至公元前256年）首都的名字，位于今天的河南省洛阳市。
随着时间的推移，这些首都的名字发生了变化，“西京”和“东京”这些术语被当前城市的名字所取代。
结果就是，它们今天不再常用。
此外，由于这些城市在各个朝代长期作为首都，塑造了它们的身份并影响了它们的发展，“北京”和“南京”的名字变得更加突出。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The absence of "xijing" (Western Capital) and "Dongjing" (Eastern Capital) in modern usage can be attributed to historical and linguistic factors.
While "Beijing" means Northern Capital and "Nanjing" means Southern Capital, "xijing" and "Dongjing" were names of past capitals during different dynasties in Chinese history.
"xijing" was the name of the capital during the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 771 BC), located in present-day xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
After the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the term "xijing" fell into disuse.
Similarly, "Dongjing" was the name of the capital during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (771 BC – 256 BC), located in present-day Luoyang, Henan Province.
Over time, the names of these capitals changed, and the terms "xijing" and "Dongjing" were replaced by the names of the current cities.
As a result, they are no longer commonly used today.
Furthermore, the names "Beijing" and "Nanjing" have become more prominent due to the long history of these cities serving as capitals during various dynasties, shaping their identities and influencing their development.
现代使用中缺少“西京”（西部首都）和“东京”（东部首都）可以归因于历史和语言因素。
虽然“北京”意味着北部首都，“南京”意味着南部首都，“西京”和“东京”是中国古代不同朝代首都的名字。
“西京”是西周王朝（公元前1046年至公元前771年）首都的名字，位于今天的陕西省西安市。
西周王朝灭亡后，“西京”这个术语就不再使用了。
同样，“东京”是东周王朝（公元前771年至公元前256年）首都的名字，位于今天的河南省洛阳市。
随着时间的推移，这些首都的名字发生了变化，“西京”和“东京”这些术语被当前城市的名字所取代。
结果就是，它们今天不再常用。
此外，由于这些城市在各个朝代长期作为首都，塑造了它们的身份并影响了它们的发展，“北京”和“南京”的名字变得更加突出。
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@General on an Armchair
Tokyo is not part of China.
If we want to talk about Japan, Kyoto was also a capital of Japan. That’s why its kanji name is 京都
东京不是中国的一部分。
如果我们谈论日本，京都也是日本的首都。这就是为什么它的汉字名称是京都。
Tokyo is not part of China.
If we want to talk about Japan, Kyoto was also a capital of Japan. That’s why its kanji name is 京都
东京不是中国的一部分。
如果我们谈论日本，京都也是日本的首都。这就是为什么它的汉字名称是京都。
@Shiwen Tang
There cannot be two dongjing in East Asia. It would have been absurd bearing in mind written Classical Chinese was the undisputed lingua franca of this region until the mid-20th century.
beijing and nanjing are quite recent names - albeit slightly older than dongjing - dating only to the establishment of the Ming Empire.
东亚不会有两个东京。考虑到书面的古典汉语直到20世纪中叶依然是这个地区无可争议的通用语言，这将是荒谬的。
北京和南京是相当近期的名称——尽管比东京略早——只追溯到明朝的建立。
There cannot be two dongjing in East Asia. It would have been absurd bearing in mind written Classical Chinese was the undisputed lingua franca of this region until the mid-20th century.
beijing and nanjing are quite recent names - albeit slightly older than dongjing - dating only to the establishment of the Ming Empire.
东亚不会有两个东京。考虑到书面的古典汉语直到20世纪中叶依然是这个地区无可争议的通用语言，这将是荒谬的。
北京和南京是相当近期的名称——尽管比东京略早——只追溯到明朝的建立。
@Dong An
China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam actually have many identical place names. There were even duplicate place names within China itself, but the duplicate place names were later changed, and now there are no duplicates. What you said is not a reason
中国、日本、韩国和越南实际上有很多相同的地方名称。中国国内甚至有过重复的地名，但后来重复的地名被更改了，现在没有重复的了。你说的不是理由。
China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam actually have many identical place names. There were even duplicate place names within China itself, but the duplicate place names were later changed, and now there are no duplicates. What you said is not a reason
中国、日本、韩国和越南实际上有很多相同的地方名称。中国国内甚至有过重复的地名，但后来重复的地名被更改了，现在没有重复的了。你说的不是理由。
@Changyu
This is really ridiculous. A few Vietnamese and Japanese pretend to know Chinese history and discuss the names of Chinese cities here.
Have you asked any Chinese history experts?
Why do Vietnam and Japan have the same city names? Have you ever thought about it?
这真的很可笑，几个越南人和日本人假装很懂中国历史，在这里讨论中国的城市名字。
你们问过中国人的历史专家了吗？
为什么越南和日本会有同样的城市名字？你们想过吗？
This is really ridiculous. A few Vietnamese and Japanese pretend to know Chinese history and discuss the names of Chinese cities here.
Have you asked any Chinese history experts?
Why do Vietnam and Japan have the same city names? Have you ever thought about it?
这真的很可笑，几个越南人和日本人假装很懂中国历史，在这里讨论中国的城市名字。
你们问过中国人的历史专家了吗？
为什么越南和日本会有同样的城市名字？你们想过吗？
@Shiwen Tang
I am sure that the duplicates abound even to this day were one to go within the county level.
However, major administrative centres are quite a different matter, and only major centres could bear a name using 京.
Of course, the true reason why 西京 and 东京 were out of the question when 北京 and 南京 were renamed as such by the Ming court is that it would have been too liable to misunderstandings.
I am sure that the duplicates abound even to this day were one to go within the county level.
However, major administrative centres are quite a different matter, and only major centres could bear a name using 京.
Of course, the true reason why 西京 and 东京 were out of the question when 北京 and 南京 were renamed as such by the Ming court is that it would have been too liable to misunderstandings.
Luoyang was still referred casually to as the Eastern Capital, and Changan as the Western capital for old historical reasons (historical from the perspective of the 14th
我确信即使到今天，如果在县级范围内，重复的地名也比比皆是。
然而，主要的行政中心是相当不同的事情，只有主要的中心才能使用带“京”的名字。
当然，当北京和南京被明朝朝廷这样重新命名时，西京和东京之所以不可能，是因为它太容易引起误解。
我确信即使到今天，如果在县级范围内，重复的地名也比比皆是。
然而，主要的行政中心是相当不同的事情，只有主要的中心才能使用带“京”的名字。
当然，当北京和南京被明朝朝廷这样重新命名时，西京和东京之所以不可能，是因为它太容易引起误解。
@Phạm Bình An
Tokyo is not a part of China, but it’s known as Dongjing in China
东京不是中国的一部分，但在中国被称为东京。
Tokyo is not a part of China, but it’s known as Dongjing in China
东京不是中国的一部分，但在中国被称为东京。
@Chuck-Yei Chan
During the Tang Dynasty Gaozong to Xuanzong period Chang’an was known as 西都or 西京 and Luoyang was 东都 or 东京. The Northern Song dynasty Bianliang/Kaifeng was known 东京 and Luoyang was 西京。The Jurchen Jin Dynasty had Datong as 西京. The Yuan Dynasty had Kharakorum as 上京, Beijing as 大都, Datong as 西都. Ming Dynasty had Beijing as 京都, Nanjing as 南京, Fengyang as 中都，and xi’an as 西京. So the two did exist in Chinese history.
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During the Tang Dynasty Gaozong to Xuanzong period Chang’an was known as 西都or 西京 and Luoyang was 东都 or 东京. The Northern Song dynasty Bianliang/Kaifeng was known 东京 and Luoyang was 西京。The Jurchen Jin Dynasty had Datong as 西京. The Yuan Dynasty had Kharakorum as 上京, Beijing as 大都, Datong as 西都. Ming Dynasty had Beijing as 京都, Nanjing as 南京, Fengyang as 中都，and xi’an as 西京. So the two did exist in Chinese history.
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
xijing Hospital
which is in xi'an.
It was common in Chinese history for a dynasty to have more than one capital.
When one dynasty got replaced by another, the capital(s) changed too.
In early Tang Dynasty, there were 2 capitals.
Chang’an (nowadays xi’an) is the capital. Because of natural changes and human activity, xi’an became less and less cozy to live, so the emperor prefered to work in Luoyang from time to time. Where the emperor live and work should be the capital, therefore Luoyang became Dongjing (eastern capital).
After An Lushan rebellion, since mid-Tang, there were 5 capitals, to make ensure the emperor’s orders being delivered and executed properly.
Right after Tang, it was a chaotic time called Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Because of the instability, Kaifeng became the alternate capital of Luoyang.
When Song Dynasty was established, this 2 capital structure got kept. Luoyang and Kaifeng are both alternate capital to the other, just in case of invasion or mutiny.
As for Nanjing, the southern capital, because it’s where the first emperor of Song’s career began. He believed that place is a god promised land, therefore deserves to be a capital.
And Beijing the northern capital was established purely because of military purposes. It was to defend the capital.
The current Nanjing and Beijing got their names from Ming Dynasty.
The first emperor of Song took over Jiqing, and changed its name into 应天府, as in “answering the god’s will, to govern the country”.
Nanjing is always a good place. However, during Ming Dynasty, China was always harrased by northen tributes, and the emperor wanted to move north just to show his determination of eliminating the northern crisis. There is a saying “天子守国门”, which means “the emperor guarding the national gate”.
Just to keep certain officials quiet, 应天府 was renamed to Nanjing/Southern Capital, and the whole government structure got kept. Naturally, the new capital was named Beijing/Northen Capital.
which is in xi'an.
It was common in Chinese history for a dynasty to have more than one capital.
When one dynasty got replaced by another, the capital(s) changed too.
In early Tang Dynasty, there were 2 capitals.
Chang’an (nowadays xi’an) is the capital. Because of natural changes and human activity, xi’an became less and less cozy to live, so the emperor prefered to work in Luoyang from time to time. Where the emperor live and work should be the capital, therefore Luoyang became Dongjing (eastern capital).
After An Lushan rebellion, since mid-Tang, there were 5 capitals, to make ensure the emperor’s orders being delivered and executed properly.
Right after Tang, it was a chaotic time called Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Because of the instability, Kaifeng became the alternate capital of Luoyang.
When Song Dynasty was established, this 2 capital structure got kept. Luoyang and Kaifeng are both alternate capital to the other, just in case of invasion or mutiny.
As for Nanjing, the southern capital, because it’s where the first emperor of Song’s career began. He believed that place is a god promised land, therefore deserves to be a capital.
And Beijing the northern capital was established purely because of military purposes. It was to defend the capital.
The current Nanjing and Beijing got their names from Ming Dynasty.
The first emperor of Song took over Jiqing, and changed its name into 应天府, as in “answering the god’s will, to govern the country”.
Nanjing is always a good place. However, during Ming Dynasty, China was always harrased by northen tributes, and the emperor wanted to move north just to show his determination of eliminating the northern crisis. There is a saying “天子守国门”, which means “the emperor guarding the national gate”.
Just to keep certain officials quiet, 应天府 was renamed to Nanjing/Southern Capital, and the whole government structure got kept. Naturally, the new capital was named Beijing/Northen Capital.
Eventhough there were on paper 2 capitals, but the emperors never moved back to Nanjing.
In Qing Dynasty, Nanjing got renamed to 江宁府/Jiangning Fu, and Beijing was 京师/Jingshi which simply means “the capital”.
In Qing Dynasty, Nanjing got renamed to 江宁府/Jiangning Fu, and Beijing was 京师/Jingshi which simply means “the capital”.
During the Republic of China, the capital was appointed to Nanjing, and Beijing got renamed to Beiping.
When communist Party of China tookover the authority, Beijing was appointed as the capital, and got its name back. Beijing was the capital of Ming and Qing dynasty, choosing Beijing was the least debatable. Also, CPC wanted to stay away from Shanghai where the capitalist and imperialist powers being the most active. It was just not as safe as Beijing for the communists.
CPC didn’t change Nanjing’s name because it doesn’t matter anymore, the communists wanted to establish something new. Having the character 京 in a city’s name doesn’t mean anything but rather a historical legacy.
When communist Party of China tookover the authority, Beijing was appointed as the capital, and got its name back. Beijing was the capital of Ming and Qing dynasty, choosing Beijing was the least debatable. Also, CPC wanted to stay away from Shanghai where the capitalist and imperialist powers being the most active. It was just not as safe as Beijing for the communists.
CPC didn’t change Nanjing’s name because it doesn’t matter anymore, the communists wanted to establish something new. Having the character 京 in a city’s name doesn’t mean anything but rather a historical legacy.
In conclusion:
whether there are Dongjing or xijing is purely based on the political needs, and it changed from dynasty to dynasty.
唐高宗至唐玄宗时期，长安被称为西都或西京，洛阳被称为东都或东京。北宋时期，汴梁、开封被称为东京，洛阳被称为西京。金朝以大同为西京。元朝以哈拉和林为上京，北京为大都，大同为西都。明朝以北京为京都，南京为南京，凤阳为中都，西安为西京。所以在中国历史上确实存在这两个名字。
西京医院位于西安。在中国历史上，一个朝代拥有多个首都是很常见的。当一个朝代被另一个取代时，首都也会改变。
在唐初时期，有两个首都。
长安（今西安）是首都。由于自然变化和人类活动，西安变得越来越不宜居，所以皇帝偶尔更喜欢在洛阳工作。皇帝居住和工作的地方应该是首都，因此洛阳成为了东京（东方首都）。
安史之乱后，自唐中期以来，设立了五京，以确保皇帝的命令得以传达和执行。
唐朝灭亡后，出现了五代十国时期的混乱。由于不稳定，开封成为了洛阳的备选首都。
宋朝建立时，这种双首都结构得以保持。洛阳和开封都是对方的备选首都，以防万一被入侵或叛乱。
至于南京，作为南方首都，是因为那是宋朝第一位皇帝事业的起始地。他认为那个地方是上天赐予的土地，因此应该成为首都。
而北京，作为北方首都，纯粹是出于军事目的建立的。它是为了保卫首都。
现在的南京和北京的名称源自明朝。
宋朝的第一位皇帝接管了继庆，将其改名为应天府，意为“应天之意，治理国家”。
南京一直是一个好地方。然而，在明朝时期，中国一直受到北方的骚扰，皇帝想向北迁移，以表明自己消除北方危机的决心。有一句话叫“天子守国门”。
为了让某些官员安静下来，应天府改名为南京/南京，整个政府结构得以保留。自然地，新的首都被命名为北京/北方首都。
尽管书面上有两个首都，但皇帝们从未搬回南京。
清朝时，南京改名为江宁府，北京改名为京师，意思是“首都”。
在中华民国时期，首都被指定为南京，北京改名为北平。
现在，北京被指定为首都，并恢复了它的名称。北京是明清两朝的首都，选择北京是最不具争议的。
没有改变南京的名称，因为那已经不重要了，中国想建立新的东西。一个城市的名称中有“京”这个字并不意味着什么，而是历史的遗产。
总之：
是否存在东京或西京纯粹取决于政治需要，并且会随着朝代的更替而变化。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
whether there are Dongjing or xijing is purely based on the political needs, and it changed from dynasty to dynasty.
唐高宗至唐玄宗时期，长安被称为西都或西京，洛阳被称为东都或东京。北宋时期，汴梁、开封被称为东京，洛阳被称为西京。金朝以大同为西京。元朝以哈拉和林为上京，北京为大都，大同为西都。明朝以北京为京都，南京为南京，凤阳为中都，西安为西京。所以在中国历史上确实存在这两个名字。
西京医院位于西安。在中国历史上，一个朝代拥有多个首都是很常见的。当一个朝代被另一个取代时，首都也会改变。
在唐初时期，有两个首都。
长安（今西安）是首都。由于自然变化和人类活动，西安变得越来越不宜居，所以皇帝偶尔更喜欢在洛阳工作。皇帝居住和工作的地方应该是首都，因此洛阳成为了东京（东方首都）。
安史之乱后，自唐中期以来，设立了五京，以确保皇帝的命令得以传达和执行。
唐朝灭亡后，出现了五代十国时期的混乱。由于不稳定，开封成为了洛阳的备选首都。
宋朝建立时，这种双首都结构得以保持。洛阳和开封都是对方的备选首都，以防万一被入侵或叛乱。
至于南京，作为南方首都，是因为那是宋朝第一位皇帝事业的起始地。他认为那个地方是上天赐予的土地，因此应该成为首都。
而北京，作为北方首都，纯粹是出于军事目的建立的。它是为了保卫首都。
现在的南京和北京的名称源自明朝。
宋朝的第一位皇帝接管了继庆，将其改名为应天府，意为“应天之意，治理国家”。
南京一直是一个好地方。然而，在明朝时期，中国一直受到北方的骚扰，皇帝想向北迁移，以表明自己消除北方危机的决心。有一句话叫“天子守国门”。
为了让某些官员安静下来，应天府改名为南京/南京，整个政府结构得以保留。自然地，新的首都被命名为北京/北方首都。
尽管书面上有两个首都，但皇帝们从未搬回南京。
清朝时，南京改名为江宁府，北京改名为京师，意思是“首都”。
在中华民国时期，首都被指定为南京，北京改名为北平。
现在，北京被指定为首都，并恢复了它的名称。北京是明清两朝的首都，选择北京是最不具争议的。
没有改变南京的名称，因为那已经不重要了，中国想建立新的东西。一个城市的名称中有“京”这个字并不意味着什么，而是历史的遗产。
总之：
是否存在东京或西京纯粹取决于政治需要，并且会随着朝代的更替而变化。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Yu-Hsing Chen
Why do some Vietnamese pretend to understand Chinese history?
east（dong）, south（nan）, west（xi）, north（bei）
They are all direction nouns
Jing: represents the capital city
So these names are not city names at all, but capitals in different directions.
In different eras, they represent different names.
So these four names all existed.
Why do Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea also have such names?
Because they have historically been vassals of China, or admired Chinese culture. They imitated the Chinese and gave their cities the same names.
There's no shame in it, it's history
一些越南人为什么要假装懂中国历史？
东、南、西、北
都是方向名词
京：代表首都
所以这几个名字根本不是城市名字，而是不同方向的首都。
在不同时代，他们代表着不同的名字。
所以这四个名字都是存在过的。
为什么日本，越南，韩国也有这样的名字？
因为他们在历史上都是中国的附属国，或者仰慕中华文化。他们效仿中国人给自己的城市取了同样的名字
这没什么丢人的，这就是历史
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Why do some Vietnamese pretend to understand Chinese history?
east（dong）, south（nan）, west（xi）, north（bei）
They are all direction nouns
Jing: represents the capital city
So these names are not city names at all, but capitals in different directions.
In different eras, they represent different names.
So these four names all existed.
Why do Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea also have such names?
Because they have historically been vassals of China, or admired Chinese culture. They imitated the Chinese and gave their cities the same names.
There's no shame in it, it's history
一些越南人为什么要假装懂中国历史？
东、南、西、北
都是方向名词
京：代表首都
所以这几个名字根本不是城市名字，而是不同方向的首都。
在不同时代，他们代表着不同的名字。
所以这四个名字都是存在过的。
为什么日本，越南，韩国也有这样的名字？
因为他们在历史上都是中国的附属国，或者仰慕中华文化。他们效仿中国人给自己的城市取了同样的名字
这没什么丢人的，这就是历史
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Samuel Liu
Why China currently has Beijing and Nanjing? This is because the Ming Empire liked these two names very much, and their emperor deliberately named the two cities this way.
This empire was very short, so the name has been used to this day.
为什么目前中国有北京和南京，这是因为明帝国很喜欢这两个名字，他们的皇帝把这两个城市故意这样命名。
这个帝国距今时间很短，所以名字一直沿用到了现在。
Why China currently has Beijing and Nanjing? This is because the Ming Empire liked these two names very much, and their emperor deliberately named the two cities this way.
This empire was very short, so the name has been used to this day.
为什么目前中国有北京和南京，这是因为明帝国很喜欢这两个名字，他们的皇帝把这两个城市故意这样命名。
这个帝国距今时间很短，所以名字一直沿用到了现在。
@Orcinus Orca
And don’t forget there’s also an eastern capital 東京in Silla (57BC ~ AD935)
别忘了新罗（公元前57年~公元935年）也有一个东部首都東京。
And don’t forget there’s also an eastern capital 東京in Silla (57BC ~ AD935)
别忘了新罗（公元前57年~公元935年）也有一个东部首都東京。
@Lin Lee
Nanjing was renamed during the period of the Republic of China government. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called Jiangning. There are other names in history, such as Jinling, Moling, Jianye, Jiankang, Jiangzhou, Jiangning, Shengzhou, Jiqing, Yingtian and Tianjing.
南京是在中华民国时期改名的。清朝时叫江宁。历史上还有其他名称，如金陵、秣陵、建邺、建康、蒋州、江宁、昇州、集庆、应天、天京。
Nanjing was renamed during the period of the Republic of China government. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called Jiangning. There are other names in history, such as Jinling, Moling, Jianye, Jiankang, Jiangzhou, Jiangning, Shengzhou, Jiqing, Yingtian and Tianjing.
南京是在中华民国时期改名的。清朝时叫江宁。历史上还有其他名称，如金陵、秣陵、建邺、建康、蒋州、江宁、昇州、集庆、应天、天京。
@Doris Peters
Ni men hao
I speak Chinese pretty well, right?
你们好
我的中文说的不错吧
Ni men hao
I speak Chinese pretty well, right?
你们好
我的中文说的不错吧
@Jianghong Li
There is “Dongjing” in the Song Dynasty in novel “Water Margin” novel, it is Kaifeng now.
在《水浒传》中宋朝有一个“东京”，现在是开封。
There is “Dongjing” in the Song Dynasty in novel “Water Margin” novel, it is Kaifeng now.
在《水浒传》中宋朝有一个“东京”，现在是开封。
@Jianghong Li
Nanjing and BeiJing is just for the Ming Dynasty, there were both capitals for Ming Dynasty.
南京和北京只是明朝的首都，都是明朝的首都。
Nanjing and BeiJing is just for the Ming Dynasty, there were both capitals for Ming Dynasty.
南京和北京只是明朝的首都，都是明朝的首都。
@Tan Tony
Tokyo is not the official capital of Japan (not official means not explicitly recognized by JP law). “Japanese Capital City” is where the Japanese Emperor lives. Tokyo literally means east of Kyoto. Kyoto is the traditional place where the emperor lives. That explains why Kyoto means “Capital”.
东京并非日本的正式首都（非正式意味着不被日本法律明确承认）。日本的首都是日本天皇居住的地方。东京字面上意思是京都的东部。京都是皇帝的传统居住地。这解释了为什么京都的意思是“首都”。
Tokyo is not the official capital of Japan (not official means not explicitly recognized by JP law). “Japanese Capital City” is where the Japanese Emperor lives. Tokyo literally means east of Kyoto. Kyoto is the traditional place where the emperor lives. That explains why Kyoto means “Capital”.
东京并非日本的正式首都（非正式意味着不被日本法律明确承认）。日本的首都是日本天皇居住的地方。东京字面上意思是京都的东部。京都是皇帝的传统居住地。这解释了为什么京都的意思是“首都”。
@M. Fadhli
That also changes per name when it's era change the name change e.g., asuka or when koufun the large tomb is still common until Tokyo now would not be the same, hecc even FGO uses heian-kyo it changes per place of ceremonial emperor government, so to answer it depends on the year that the capital is being talked about.
随着时代的变迁，名称也会变化，例如飞鸟时代或者在皇陵仍然通用，直到现在的东京都不会一样，甚至连Fate/Grand Order也使用平安京，这取决于谈论的首都是哪一年。
That also changes per name when it's era change the name change e.g., asuka or when koufun the large tomb is still common until Tokyo now would not be the same, hecc even FGO uses heian-kyo it changes per place of ceremonial emperor government, so to answer it depends on the year that the capital is being talked about.
随着时代的变迁，名称也会变化，例如飞鸟时代或者在皇陵仍然通用，直到现在的东京都不会一样，甚至连Fate/Grand Order也使用平安京，这取决于谈论的首都是哪一年。
@JohnWon
Just want to add one thing, Chinese empires did not sext four capitals in four areas like Romans. ChangAn is the old capital. Later the empire expanded to the east and we have LuoYang. They are a pair.
In the third Chinese empire(French standard), Yangtze delta and Beijing region becomes most important, so empires established the North and the South capitals. These two are a pair. In addition, Mongolians and Manchu rulers honoured their old capital as the Upper Capital for ceremonial purposes. In that case, Beijing becomes the Middle Capital.
只想补充一点，中国的帝国并没有像罗马那样在四个地区选择四个首都。长安是旧首都。后来帝国向东扩张，我们有了洛阳。它们是一对。在第三个中国帝国（法国标准）中，长江三角洲和北京地区变得最重要，因此帝国建立了南北两个首都。这两者是一对。此外，蒙古和满洲统治者将他们的旧首都视为宫廷用途的上京。在这种情况下，北京就成为了中京。
Just want to add one thing, Chinese empires did not sext four capitals in four areas like Romans. ChangAn is the old capital. Later the empire expanded to the east and we have LuoYang. They are a pair.
In the third Chinese empire(French standard), Yangtze delta and Beijing region becomes most important, so empires established the North and the South capitals. These two are a pair. In addition, Mongolians and Manchu rulers honoured their old capital as the Upper Capital for ceremonial purposes. In that case, Beijing becomes the Middle Capital.
只想补充一点，中国的帝国并没有像罗马那样在四个地区选择四个首都。长安是旧首都。后来帝国向东扩张，我们有了洛阳。它们是一对。在第三个中国帝国（法国标准）中，长江三角洲和北京地区变得最重要，因此帝国建立了南北两个首都。这两者是一对。此外，蒙古和满洲统治者将他们的旧首都视为宫廷用途的上京。在这种情况下，北京就成为了中京。
@M. Fadhli
Interesting thing about roman all the capitals’ road would leads to a monument, the monument is the etymology of all roads lead to Rome.
罗马有趣的地方是所有首都的道路都会通向一个纪念碑，这个纪念碑就是所有通往罗马的道路的起源。
Interesting thing about roman all the capitals’ road would leads to a monument, the monument is the etymology of all roads lead to Rome.
罗马有趣的地方是所有首都的道路都会通向一个纪念碑，这个纪念碑就是所有通往罗马的道路的起源。
@Wei Shi
should be all road led to harbors.
应该是所有道路通往港口。
should be all road led to harbors.
应该是所有道路通往港口。
@Me
What 'bout a Center Capital.
中央首都怎么样？
@昱璋 陳
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
What 'bout a Center Capital.
中央首都怎么样？
@昱璋 陳
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Well, my Interpretation is that, after Zhu, Yuanzhang established the Ming dynesty, he capitaled his country at Nanjing. But after his death, his second son Zhu, Di, who has no inheritance to the throne, reached a rebellion called （ jing nan zhi bian, or the rebellion tc crusade the traitors), after his sucess, he moved the capital to yan, where was his manor, and renamed it “ Beijing”, in contrast to the old capital Nanjing. But, throughout the whole history of Ming dynasty, Nanjing still viewed as capital, as Beijing did. So, we can say that Ming dynasty has two capitals, one is Beijing, another is Nanjing. This same thing happened after the establishment of the Roc. Dr sun, Yat-sen and his ers want the capital be Nanjing, but the elected president yuan, shi-kai refused it, for the reason that there was a small rebellion in Beijing several days ago. After jian, kai-shek reunited China, he made the capital at Nanjing. But, after CCP overthrown kmt, they made the new China 's capital at Beijing.
嗯，我的解释是，朱元璋建立明朝后，他将国都设在南京。但他去世后，他的第二个儿子朱棣，没有继承皇位，发动了一场叫做「靖难之变」的叛乱，成功后，他将首都迁至燕，那是他的府邸，将其改名为“北京”，与旧都南京形成对比。但在整个明朝历史上，南京仍被视为首都，正如北京一样。所以，我们可以说明朝有两个首都，一个是北京，另一个是南京。同样的事情也发生在中华民国成立后。孙中山和他的追随者希望首都设在南京，但当选总统袁世凯拒绝了，理由是几天前发生了一场小规模的叛乱。蒋介石统一中国后，他将首都设在南京。但是，...推翻国民党后，他们将新中国的首都设在了北京。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
嗯，我的解释是，朱元璋建立明朝后，他将国都设在南京。但他去世后，他的第二个儿子朱棣，没有继承皇位，发动了一场叫做「靖难之变」的叛乱，成功后，他将首都迁至燕，那是他的府邸，将其改名为“北京”，与旧都南京形成对比。但在整个明朝历史上，南京仍被视为首都，正如北京一样。所以，我们可以说明朝有两个首都，一个是北京，另一个是南京。同样的事情也发生在中华民国成立后。孙中山和他的追随者希望首都设在南京，但当选总统袁世凯拒绝了，理由是几天前发生了一场小规模的叛乱。蒋介石统一中国后，他将首都设在南京。但是，...推翻国民党后，他们将新中国的首都设在了北京。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Jj Ll
chang an and luo yang
长安和洛阳
chang an and luo yang
长安和洛阳
@Nari Kyo
When Nanjing was the capital, Beijing was called Peiping.
After the founding of New China, Nanjing was not changed back to its old name.
南京当首都时，北京叫北平。新中国成立后，南京没有改回旧名。
When Nanjing was the capital, Beijing was called Peiping.
After the founding of New China, Nanjing was not changed back to its old name.
南京当首都时，北京叫北平。新中国成立后，南京没有改回旧名。
@Sherman Li
Don’t forget Hsinking, “xin Jing”, capital of puppet-state Manchukuo, currently known as Chang Chun
别忘了新京，“新京”，伪满洲国的首都，现在叫长春。
Don’t forget Hsinking, “xin Jing”, capital of puppet-state Manchukuo, currently known as Chang Chun
别忘了新京，“新京”，伪满洲国的首都，现在叫长春。
@SO3H3OS
The place Tang Monk went to is called xijing, which in Chinese is read as: xitian qujing.
So xijing should be in India
唐僧去的地方叫做西京，中文里读作：西天取经
所以 西京应该是在印度
The place Tang Monk went to is called xijing, which in Chinese is read as: xitian qujing.
So xijing should be in India
唐僧去的地方叫做西京，中文里读作：西天取经
所以 西京应该是在印度
@Anthony Zhang
I think the reason tokyo is called dongjing(the eastern cital)is there has been a city used to be the capital of japan ,kyoto
我认为东京之所以被称为东京（东方都城）是因为曾经有一座城市是日本的首都，京都。
@颜 夕
I think the reason tokyo is called dongjing(the eastern cital)is there has been a city used to be the capital of japan ,kyoto
我认为东京之所以被称为东京（东方都城）是因为曾经有一座城市是日本的首都，京都。
@颜 夕
In the history of China, many cities have been the capital at different times. During the Tang Dynasty, Chang'an was considered the Western capital and Luoyang was the Eastern capital.
在中国历史上，许多城市曾经是不同时期的首都。唐代时，长安被认为是西部首都，洛阳是东部首都。
在中国历史上，许多城市曾经是不同时期的首都。唐代时，长安被认为是西部首都，洛阳是东部首都。
@Hue Tran
As told when I was kid … xijing was taken by xuanzang
小时候听说……西京被唐三藏拿走了
As told when I was kid … xijing was taken by xuanzang
小时候听说……西京被唐三藏拿走了
@Nguyen Ba Nhan
Nowadays Dongjing is Tokyo, and long time ago Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, is called Đông Kinh, and Tây Kinh or Tây Đô was for Thanh Hoá (although Hanoi is in the north and Thanh Hoá is in the south direction of Hanoi), Thanh Hoá is also called Lam Kinh in Lê Dynasty, because it was the hometown of this dynasty. Nowadays Cần Thơ is also called Tây Đô (West Capital) because it’s in the west of Saigon - Ho Chi Minh City and it's the central city of Southweast Area (Vietnam's Mekong Delta Region).
如今东京（東京）是东京，很久以前，越南的首都河内叫做东京（東京），而西京（西京）或西都（西京）是给清化的（尽管河内在越南的北部，清化在河内的南部），清化在黎朝时期也叫林庆，因为它是这个朝代的故乡。现在的庆和也被称为西都（西京），因为它位于西贡 - 胡志明市的西部，是越南西南地区（越南的湄公河三角洲地区）的中心城市。
Nowadays Dongjing is Tokyo, and long time ago Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, is called Đông Kinh, and Tây Kinh or Tây Đô was for Thanh Hoá (although Hanoi is in the north and Thanh Hoá is in the south direction of Hanoi), Thanh Hoá is also called Lam Kinh in Lê Dynasty, because it was the hometown of this dynasty. Nowadays Cần Thơ is also called Tây Đô (West Capital) because it’s in the west of Saigon - Ho Chi Minh City and it's the central city of Southweast Area (Vietnam's Mekong Delta Region).
如今东京（東京）是东京，很久以前，越南的首都河内叫做东京（東京），而西京（西京）或西都（西京）是给清化的（尽管河内在越南的北部，清化在河内的南部），清化在黎朝时期也叫林庆，因为它是这个朝代的故乡。现在的庆和也被称为西都（西京），因为它位于西贡 - 胡志明市的西部，是越南西南地区（越南的湄公河三角洲地区）的中心城市。
@Bill Taylor
This means that the ancient Japanese, Koreans or Vietnamese considered themselves part of China. So they named their capital after the Chinese
This is understandable
After the Roman Empire, many "Rome" appeared in Europe
这意味着古代日本人、韩国人或者越南人，认为自己是中国的一部分。所以他们效仿中国人给自己的首都取名字
这可以理解
罗马帝国之后，欧洲也出现了很多个"罗马”
This means that the ancient Japanese, Koreans or Vietnamese considered themselves part of China. So they named their capital after the Chinese
This is understandable
After the Roman Empire, many "Rome" appeared in Europe
这意味着古代日本人、韩国人或者越南人，认为自己是中国的一部分。所以他们效仿中国人给自己的首都取名字
这可以理解
罗马帝国之后，欧洲也出现了很多个"罗马”
@Jason Cheng
Chang An now call xi An used to be xijing, at that time, Dongjing is Kai Feng. After that, Chinese forgot this old name as it was lost too longtime.
长安现在叫西安，曾经叫西京，那时，东京是开封。之后，中国人忘记了这个旧名，因为它失传已久。
Chang An now call xi An used to be xijing, at that time, Dongjing is Kai Feng. After that, Chinese forgot this old name as it was lost too longtime.
长安现在叫西安，曾经叫西京，那时，东京是开封。之后，中国人忘记了这个旧名，因为它失传已久。
@xian Lian Zeng
China's Eastern Capital was Kaifeng, referred to as Dongjing because it is located on the East of Henan Province. Luoyang was also the capital of Henan on the West. Northern Song have had two capitals, based on the reigning Emperor's preference. The Southern Song capital was in Hangzhou.
中国的东京是开封，因为它位于河南省的东部被称为东京。洛阳也是河南的首府，位于西部。北宋有两个首都，根据在位皇帝的偏好而定。南宋的首都在杭州。
China's Eastern Capital was Kaifeng, referred to as Dongjing because it is located on the East of Henan Province. Luoyang was also the capital of Henan on the West. Northern Song have had two capitals, based on the reigning Emperor's preference. The Southern Song capital was in Hangzhou.
中国的东京是开封，因为它位于河南省的东部被称为东京。洛阳也是河南的首府，位于西部。北宋有两个首都，根据在位皇帝的偏好而定。南宋的首都在杭州。
@James Yeh
During the Tang Empire, China had two capitals
The one to the west is called xijing, and its actual name is Chang'an.
The one to the east is called dongjing, and its actual name is Luoyang.
The Japanese worked hard to learn Chinese culture during this period, and they decided to imitate the Chinese in naming their cities. Since Japan is in the east of China, they renamed Edo Dongjing, and its Japanese pronunciation is Tokyo.
在唐帝国时期，中国有两个首都
西边的那个叫做西京，他的实际名字叫长安。
东边的那个叫做东京，他的实际名字叫洛阳。
日本人在这一时期努力学习中国文化，他们决定效仿中国人为自己的城市取名，由于日本在中国的东方，所以他们把江户改名叫东京，他的日语发音就是Tokyo。
During the Tang Empire, China had two capitals
The one to the west is called xijing, and its actual name is Chang'an.
The one to the east is called dongjing, and its actual name is Luoyang.
The Japanese worked hard to learn Chinese culture during this period, and they decided to imitate the Chinese in naming their cities. Since Japan is in the east of China, they renamed Edo Dongjing, and its Japanese pronunciation is Tokyo.
在唐帝国时期，中国有两个首都
西边的那个叫做西京，他的实际名字叫长安。
东边的那个叫做东京，他的实际名字叫洛阳。
日本人在这一时期努力学习中国文化，他们决定效仿中国人为自己的城市取名，由于日本在中国的东方，所以他们把江户改名叫东京，他的日语发音就是Tokyo。
@Wei Shi
you forget the Kaifeng of Song dynasty.also called dongjing
你忘记了宋朝的开封，也叫东京
you forget the Kaifeng of Song dynasty.also called dongjing
你忘记了宋朝的开封，也叫东京
@Christina D'Amore
Why do ignorant people ask stupid questions. That's what I want to know.
为什么无知的人问愚蠢的问题。我想知道。
Why do ignorant people ask stupid questions. That's what I want to know.
为什么无知的人问愚蠢的问题。我想知道。
@James Whitlow Delano
Dongjing is not only Tokyo but also Tonkin in Vietnam, as in Tonkin Gulf. "Tonkin" is a Western transliteration of 東京 Đông Kinh, also meaning 'Eastern Capital'. This was the name of the capital of the Lê dynasty (present-day Hanoi).
东京不仅是Tokyo，还是越南的Tonkin，如同东京湾一样。"Tonkin"是对东京的西方音译，也意味着“东方之都”。这是黎朝（现在的河内）的首都的名称。
Dongjing is not only Tokyo but also Tonkin in Vietnam, as in Tonkin Gulf. "Tonkin" is a Western transliteration of 東京 Đông Kinh, also meaning 'Eastern Capital'. This was the name of the capital of the Lê dynasty (present-day Hanoi).
东京不仅是Tokyo，还是越南的Tonkin，如同东京湾一样。"Tonkin"是对东京的西方音译，也意味着“东方之都”。这是黎朝（现在的河内）的首都的名称。
@James Whitlow Delano
wait a minute
Do you mean that the name of a certain city in Vietnam, China, and Japan is the same?
interesting
Like Europeans, at some point everyone wanted to call their city Rome
等一等
你们的意思是说，越南，中国，日本某个城市的名字是一样的？
有趣，和欧洲人一样，某段时间，大家都想称自己的城市为罗马
wait a minute
Do you mean that the name of a certain city in Vietnam, China, and Japan is the same?
interesting
Like Europeans, at some point everyone wanted to call their city Rome
等一等
你们的意思是说，越南，中国，日本某个城市的名字是一样的？
有趣，和欧洲人一样，某段时间，大家都想称自己的城市为罗马
@Jackson Wong
Yes, after all, China has been the cultural center of Asia for thousands of years
Using Chinese names means they become more "civilized"
是的，毕竟中国数千年来是亚洲的文化中心
使用中国的名字，意味着他们变得更加“文明”
Yes, after all, China has been the cultural center of Asia for thousands of years
Using Chinese names means they become more "civilized"
是的，毕竟中国数千年来是亚洲的文化中心
使用中国的名字，意味着他们变得更加“文明”
@Nguyễn Lạc Hy
They are just different readings of the same characters
東京
They are just different readings of the same characters
東京
Standard Chinese: dōngjīng
Cantonese: dung1 ging1
Hakka: tûng-kîn
Min Nan: dang1 gian1
Japanese: tōkyō
Korean: donggyeong
Okinawan: tōchō
Vietnamese: đông kinh
它们只是同一汉字的不同读法：東京
标准汉语：dōngjīng
粤语：dung1 ging1
客家语：tûng-kîn
闽南语：dang1 gian1
日语：tōkyō
韩语：donggyeong
冲绳语：tōchō
越南语：đông kinh
Cantonese: dung1 ging1
Hakka: tûng-kîn
Min Nan: dang1 gian1
Japanese: tōkyō
Korean: donggyeong
Okinawan: tōchō
Vietnamese: đông kinh
它们只是同一汉字的不同读法：東京
标准汉语：dōngjīng
粤语：dung1 ging1
客家语：tûng-kîn
闽南语：dang1 gian1
日语：tōkyō
韩语：donggyeong
冲绳语：tōchō
越南语：đông kinh
@Adrion VII
Does this mean that people in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam actually speak Chinese, but their pronunciation has changed.
This is amazing, I learned something new
这是否意味着，实际上日本、韩国、越南人实际上说的都是中文，只不过他们的发音变了。
这太神奇了，我又学到了一些新东西
Does this mean that people in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam actually speak Chinese, but their pronunciation has changed.
This is amazing, I learned something new
这是否意味着，实际上日本、韩国、越南人实际上说的都是中文，只不过他们的发音变了。
这太神奇了，我又学到了一些新东西
@Wei Shi
Dongjing mean eastern Capital mean City of Luoyang & Kaifeng/Song dynasty: luoyang city
Dongjing意味着东部首都，指的是洛阳和开封/宋朝的城市：洛阳
Dongjing mean eastern Capital mean City of Luoyang & Kaifeng/Song dynasty: luoyang city
Dongjing意味着东部首都，指的是洛阳和开封/宋朝的城市：洛阳
@M. Fadhli
Well, thank God I read Wiktionary and Wikipedia first before arriving here. Otherwise I will be deceived by you
谢天谢地，我在来到这里之前先阅读了维基词典和维基百科。否则我会被你们欺骗
Well, thank God I read Wiktionary and Wikipedia first before arriving here. Otherwise I will be deceived by you
谢天谢地，我在来到这里之前先阅读了维基词典和维基百科。否则我会被你们欺骗
@Joe Xu
When you learn Chinese, you will know Dongjing and Tokyo are the same in writing meaning East Capital. Furthermore if you learn Japanese, you will find Kyoto has another name, exact copied the Chinese capital Luoyang. Then if you learn Korean, you can find the old name of Seoul is Hanchin, called Hancheng in Chinese meaning Han City.
So, yes
In ancient times, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, they did all imitate Chinese city names.
当你学习中文时，你会知道Dongjing和Tokyo在书写上是一样的，意味着“东部首都”。此外，如果你学习日语，你会发现京都有另一个名字，完全复制了中国的首都洛阳。然后如果你学习韩语，你可以发现首尔的旧名是Hanchin，在中文中称为Hancheng，意思是汉城。所以，没错，在古代，日本、韩国和越南，他们确实都在效仿中国的城市名字。
When you learn Chinese, you will know Dongjing and Tokyo are the same in writing meaning East Capital. Furthermore if you learn Japanese, you will find Kyoto has another name, exact copied the Chinese capital Luoyang. Then if you learn Korean, you can find the old name of Seoul is Hanchin, called Hancheng in Chinese meaning Han City.
So, yes
In ancient times, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, they did all imitate Chinese city names.
当你学习中文时，你会知道Dongjing和Tokyo在书写上是一样的，意味着“东部首都”。此外，如果你学习日语，你会发现京都有另一个名字，完全复制了中国的首都洛阳。然后如果你学习韩语，你可以发现首尔的旧名是Hanchin，在中文中称为Hancheng，意思是汉城。所以，没错，在古代，日本、韩国和越南，他们确实都在效仿中国的城市名字。
@Bryon Ye
Maybe he used a google translate so it translated the characters as Tokyo?
也许他使用了谷歌翻译，所以它将字符翻译成了Tokyo？
Maybe he used a google translate so it translated the characters as Tokyo?
也许他使用了谷歌翻译，所以它将字符翻译成了Tokyo？
@Sikin Totasgano
Yes. I agree Just say dongjing. Tokyo has nothing with Chinese cities.
是的。我同意，只说dongjing。东京和中国城市无关。
Yes. I agree Just say dongjing. Tokyo has nothing with Chinese cities.
是的。我同意，只说dongjing。东京和中国城市无关。
@Andrew Chang
Great piece, but probably need proofreading after translation. It makes sense if read in Chinese.
很好的文章，但翻译后可能需要校对。如果用中文阅读就讲得通。
@孙xin
Beijing isn't actually that young. It has at least a 2000 year history first as 薊城 (Jicheng), then Yanjing, then even it was called Nanjing under 契丹辽朝, and so forth until Beijing
北京其实并不年轻。它至少有2000年的历史，最初是蓟城（Jicheng），然后是燕京，甚至在契丹辽朝时期被称为南京，等等，直到成为北京。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Great piece, but probably need proofreading after translation. It makes sense if read in Chinese.
很好的文章，但翻译后可能需要校对。如果用中文阅读就讲得通。
@孙xin
Beijing isn't actually that young. It has at least a 2000 year history first as 薊城 (Jicheng), then Yanjing, then even it was called Nanjing under 契丹辽朝, and so forth until Beijing
北京其实并不年轻。它至少有2000年的历史，最初是蓟城（Jicheng），然后是燕京，甚至在契丹辽朝时期被称为南京，等等，直到成为北京。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Qi Chen
HMM, yes and no. Yes, in the sense that the two are very close to each and no, because they are not quite the same city. Present day Beijing traced its original from Da-Du, by which time Youzhou city was in ruins. Da-Du was built near the ruins of Youzhou city and the ruins are considered to be in the suburbs of the new capital.
嗯，是也不是。是的，在这个意义上，两者非常接近；不是的，因为它们并不是完全相同的城市。今天的北京最初源于大都，那时幽州城已经荒废。大都是建在幽州城废墟附近，这些废墟被认为位于新首都的郊区。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
HMM, yes and no. Yes, in the sense that the two are very close to each and no, because they are not quite the same city. Present day Beijing traced its original from Da-Du, by which time Youzhou city was in ruins. Da-Du was built near the ruins of Youzhou city and the ruins are considered to be in the suburbs of the new capital.
嗯，是也不是。是的，在这个意义上，两者非常接近；不是的，因为它们并不是完全相同的城市。今天的北京最初源于大都，那时幽州城已经荒废。大都是建在幽州城废墟附近，这些废墟被认为位于新首都的郊区。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Greatbird King
xijing and Dongjing were both existed in some past periods
西京和东京在一些过去的时期都存在过。
xijing and Dongjing were both existed in some past periods
西京和东京在一些过去的时期都存在过。
@Wallace Keynes
Lived in China (2011–2016) An ancient Tokyo is now Kaifeng in China. Later Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou during the Five Dynasties set their capitals in Kaifeng, and called it "East Capital" or "Tokyo". During this period, Kaifeng officially replaced Luoyang and became the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the whole country. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Chang'an was called xijing, in today's xi'an, Shaanxi Province. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Luoyang was called xijing, in present-day Luoyang City, Henan Province. During the three dynasties of Liao, Jin and Yuan, Datong was called xijing, in today's Datong City, Shanxi Province.
As for Japan or Vietnam, yes, they also have cities with the same name.
The same name I say here refers to the same Chinese characters
But due to the different local pronunciation, it looks different when written in English.
People who don't understand Chinese characters can't understand this.
I didn’t understand at first why Edo in Japan = Luoyang in China
Later I realized that what I read in the English world was just the pronunciation, and their names were actually the same in Chinese characters.
在中国生活过（2011-2016）。古代的东京现在是中国的开封。后梁、后晋、后汉和后周在五代时期将首都设在开封，并称之为“东都”或“东京”。在这段时期，开封正式取代了洛阳，成为了全国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心。在汉唐时期，长安被称为西京，今天的陕西省西安市。在北宋时期，洛阳被称为西京，今天的河南省洛阳市。在辽、金、元三个朝代期间，大同被称为西京，今天的山西省大同市。
至于日本或者越南，是的，他们也有同名的城市。
这里我说的同名，是指同样的汉字
但是由于当地的发音不同，所以用英语来书写看起来是不一样的。
不理解汉字的人是无法明白这一点的。
我一开始也不明白，为什么日本的江户=中国的洛阳
后来才明白，英语世界里读到的只是读音，他们的名字在汉字里其实是一样的
Lived in China (2011–2016) An ancient Tokyo is now Kaifeng in China. Later Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou during the Five Dynasties set their capitals in Kaifeng, and called it "East Capital" or "Tokyo". During this period, Kaifeng officially replaced Luoyang and became the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the whole country. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Chang'an was called xijing, in today's xi'an, Shaanxi Province. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Luoyang was called xijing, in present-day Luoyang City, Henan Province. During the three dynasties of Liao, Jin and Yuan, Datong was called xijing, in today's Datong City, Shanxi Province.
As for Japan or Vietnam, yes, they also have cities with the same name.
The same name I say here refers to the same Chinese characters
But due to the different local pronunciation, it looks different when written in English.
People who don't understand Chinese characters can't understand this.
I didn’t understand at first why Edo in Japan = Luoyang in China
Later I realized that what I read in the English world was just the pronunciation, and their names were actually the same in Chinese characters.
在中国生活过（2011-2016）。古代的东京现在是中国的开封。后梁、后晋、后汉和后周在五代时期将首都设在开封，并称之为“东都”或“东京”。在这段时期，开封正式取代了洛阳，成为了全国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心。在汉唐时期，长安被称为西京，今天的陕西省西安市。在北宋时期，洛阳被称为西京，今天的河南省洛阳市。在辽、金、元三个朝代期间，大同被称为西京，今天的山西省大同市。
至于日本或者越南，是的，他们也有同名的城市。
这里我说的同名，是指同样的汉字
但是由于当地的发音不同，所以用英语来书写看起来是不一样的。
不理解汉字的人是无法明白这一点的。
我一开始也不明白，为什么日本的江户=中国的洛阳
后来才明白，英语世界里读到的只是读音，他们的名字在汉字里其实是一样的
@Tianren Tan
China do have other capitals such as West and Eastern one, but depends on dynasty. xijing or Western Capital usually refers to the city of Chang’An who mostly served as capital of Han and Tang dynasty. It is also where the famed Terracotta Warriors were found alongside the Tomb of the First Emperor. Dongjing or Eastern Capital (Chinese “东京”) usually mean the historic city of Luoyang. However, during the Song Dynasty, it meant the city of Kaifeng which served as the capital of the Song Dynasty.
中国确实有其他的首都，比如西方和东方的首都，但这取决于朝代。西京或西京通常指的是长安城，它主要是汉唐两朝的首都。这里也是著名的兵马俑被发现的地方，紧邻秦始皇陵。东京或东都（中国的“东京”）通常指的是历史悠久的洛阳城。然而，在宋朝时期，它指的是开封城，开封是宋朝的首都。
China do have other capitals such as West and Eastern one, but depends on dynasty. xijing or Western Capital usually refers to the city of Chang’An who mostly served as capital of Han and Tang dynasty. It is also where the famed Terracotta Warriors were found alongside the Tomb of the First Emperor. Dongjing or Eastern Capital (Chinese “东京”) usually mean the historic city of Luoyang. However, during the Song Dynasty, it meant the city of Kaifeng which served as the capital of the Song Dynasty.
中国确实有其他的首都，比如西方和东方的首都，但这取决于朝代。西京或西京通常指的是长安城，它主要是汉唐两朝的首都。这里也是著名的兵马俑被发现的地方，紧邻秦始皇陵。东京或东都（中国的“东京”）通常指的是历史悠久的洛阳城。然而，在宋朝时期，它指的是开封城，开封是宋朝的首都。
@Chan
There is in fact a Dongjing, it’s in Japan. Pronounced "Tokyo" in JapaneseThe ancient Japanese wanted their capital to be as gorgeous as China, so they copied the name and it is still used today
实际上确实有一个东京，它在日本，在日语里发音为“Tokyo”。古代日本人希望自己的首都和中国一样华丽，所以他们抄袭了这个名字，并沿用至今
There is in fact a Dongjing, it’s in Japan. Pronounced "Tokyo" in JapaneseThe ancient Japanese wanted their capital to be as gorgeous as China, so they copied the name and it is still used today
实际上确实有一个东京，它在日本，在日语里发音为“Tokyo”。古代日本人希望自己的首都和中国一样华丽，所以他们抄袭了这个名字，并沿用至今
@Alvin Nip
Dongjing = (Eastern Capital)Tokyo xijing = Western Capital … Chinese belief that when a person dies, he goes west. Imagine a younger Chinese kid telling his elders: Grandma/Grandpa you’ve been to Beijing, Dongjing, and Nanjing when are you going to xijing? That kid might get a slapped in the face or slapped on the head and wonder why it happened. I am sure you could figure that out. This was something I told my students never to ask.
东京 = （东方首都）东京 西京 = 西方首都…中国人相信人死后会去西方。想象一个年轻的中国孩子对他的长辈说：奶奶、爷爷，您去过北京、东京和南京，您什么时候去西京？那孩子可能会被打脸或打头，然后想知道为什么会这样。我相信你能明白这一点。这是我告诉我的学生永远不要问的事情。
Dongjing = (Eastern Capital)Tokyo xijing = Western Capital … Chinese belief that when a person dies, he goes west. Imagine a younger Chinese kid telling his elders: Grandma/Grandpa you’ve been to Beijing, Dongjing, and Nanjing when are you going to xijing? That kid might get a slapped in the face or slapped on the head and wonder why it happened. I am sure you could figure that out. This was something I told my students never to ask.
东京 = （东方首都）东京 西京 = 西方首都…中国人相信人死后会去西方。想象一个年轻的中国孩子对他的长辈说：奶奶、爷爷，您去过北京、东京和南京，您什么时候去西京？那孩子可能会被打脸或打头，然后想知道为什么会这样。我相信你能明白这一点。这是我告诉我的学生永远不要问的事情。
@zhangli
If you are a Chinese teacher, I am sorry to tell you that as a Chinese, I have never heard of the story you told.
如果您是一位中文教师，我很抱歉的告诉你，作为中国人，我从没听说过你讲的这个故事
If you are a Chinese teacher, I am sorry to tell you that as a Chinese, I have never heard of the story you told.
如果您是一位中文教师，我很抱歉的告诉你，作为中国人，我从没听说过你讲的这个故事
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