“禁忌”:法国女性公开谈论二战期间美国士兵的强奸行为
2024-06-20 碧波荡漾恒河水 8196
正文翻译

Aimee Dupre had always kept silent about the rape of her mother by two American soldiers after the Normandy landings in June 1944. But 80 years after the brutal assault, she finally felt it was time to speak out.

艾米·杜普雷一直对1944年6月诺曼底登陆后她母亲被两名美国士兵强奸一事保持沉默。但在那场残酷的袭击发生80年后,她终于觉得是时候说出来了。

Nearly a million US, British, Canadian and French soldiers landed on the Normandy coast in the weeks after D-Day in an operation that was to herald the end of Nazi Germany's grip on Europe.

在诺曼底登陆日之后的几周内,近100万美国、英国、加拿大和法国士兵登陆诺曼底海岸,这次行动预示着纳粹德国对欧洲控制的终结。

Aimee was 19, living in Montours, a village in Brittany, and delighted to see the "liberators" arrive, as was everybody around her.

艾梅当时19岁,住在布列塔尼的蒙图尔村,她很高兴看到“解放者”的到来,就像她周围的人一样。

But then her joy evaporated. On the evening of August 10, two US soldiers -- often called GIs -- arrived at the family's farm.

但随后她的喜悦消失了。8月10日晚上,两名美国大兵(通常被称为GI)来到了这家人的农场。

"They were drunk and they wanted a woman," Aimee, now 99, told AFP, producing a letter that her mother, also called Aimee, wrote "so nothing is forgotten".

“他们喝醉了,他们想要女人,”现年99岁的艾梅告诉法新社,并出示了她的母亲(也叫艾梅)写的一封信,“所以什么都没有忘记”。

In her neat handwriting, Aimee Helaudais Honore described the events of that night. How the soldiers fired their guns in the direction of her husband, ripping holes in his cap, and how they menacingly approached her daughter Aimee.

Aimee Helaudais Honore用她整洁的笔迹描述了那天晚上发生的事情。士兵们如何朝她丈夫的方向开枪,把他的帽子射穿了几个洞,以及他们如何威胁性的走近她的女儿艾米。

To protect her daughter, she agreed to leave the house with the GIs, she wrote. "They took me to a field and took turns raping me, four times each."

她写道,为了保护女儿,她同意和美国大兵一起离开家。“他们把我带到一块地里,轮流强奸我,每人强奸了我四次。”

Aimee's voice broke as she read from the letter. "Oh mother, how you suffered, and me too, I think about this every day," she said.

艾米读信的时候声音哽咽了。“哦,妈妈,你多么痛苦,我也是,我每天都在想这件事,”她说。

"My mother sacrificed herself to protect me," she said. "While they raped her in the night, we waited, not knowing whether she would come back alive or whether they would shoot her dead."

“我母亲牺牲了自己来保护我,”她说。“当他们在夜里强奸她的时候,我们等待着,不知道她是会活着回来,还是会被他们开枪打死。”
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The events of that night were not isolated. In October 1944, after the battle for Normandy was won, US military authorities put 152 soldiers on trial for raping French women.

那天晚上发生的事件并不是孤立的。1944年10月,诺曼底战役胜利后,美国军事当局以强奸法国妇女的罪名审判了152名士兵。

In truth, hundreds or even thousands of rapes between 1944 and the departure of the GIs in 1946 went unreported, said American historian Mary Louise Roberts, one of only a handful to research what she called "a taboo" of World War II.

美国历史学家玛丽·路易斯·罗伯茨说,事实上,在1944年至1946年美国大兵撤离期间,有数百甚至数千起强奸案没有被报道。罗伯茨是为数不多的研究二战“禁忌”的人之一。
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"Many women decided to remain silent," she said. "There was the shame, as often with rape."

“许多女性决定保持沉默,”她说。“这是一种耻辱,在强奸案中很常见。”

She said the stark contrast of their experience with the joy felt everywhere over the American victory made it especially hard to speak up.

她说,他们的经历与各地对美国战胜的喜悦形成鲜明对比,这让他们尤其难以开口。

'Easy to get'

“唾手可得”

Roberts also blames the army leadership who, she said, promised soldiers a country with women that were "easy to get" to add to their motivation to

罗伯茨还指责美军领导层,她说,他们向士兵们承诺一个女性“唾手可得”的国家,以增加他们的战斗积极性。
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The US Army newspaper Stars and Stripes was full of pictures showing French women kissing victorious Americans.

美国陆军报纸《星条旗报》刊登了很多法国女人亲吻胜利的美国人的照片。

"Here's What We're Fighting For," read a headline on September 9, 1944, alongside a picture of cheering French women and the caption: "The French are nuts about the Yanks."

1944年9月9日,一则新闻标题写道:“这就是我们为之战斗的东西”,旁边是一张欢呼的法国妇女的照片,标题是:“法国人对美国佬很着迷。”

The incentive of sex "was to motivate American soldiers", Roberts said.

罗伯茨说,这种性刺激“是为了激励美国士兵”。

"Sex, and I mean prostitution and rape, was a way for Americans to show domination over France, dominating French men, as they had been unable to protect their country and their women from the Germans," she added.

“性,我指的是卖淫和强奸,是美国人对法国、对法国男人展示统治的一种方式,因为后者无法保护自己的国家和女人不受德国人的侵害,”她补充说。
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In Plabennec, near Brest on the westernmost tip of Britanny, Jeanne Pengam, nee Tournellec, remembers "as if it was yesterday" how her sister Catherine was raped and their father murdered by a GI.

在布列塔尼最西端布雷斯特附近的普拉本内克,珍妮·彭甘(姓Tournellec)还记得她的妹妹凯瑟琳(被大兵强奸、父亲被杀害的经历,“仿佛就发生在昨天”。

"The black American wanted to rape my older sister. My father stood in his way and he shot him dead. The guy managed to break down the door and enter the house," 89-year-old Jeanne told AFP.

“那个美国黑人想强奸我姐姐。我父亲挡了他的路,他开枪打死了他。这家伙最终破门而入,”89岁的珍妮告诉法新社。

Nine at the time, she ran to a nearby US garrison to alx them.

当时9岁,她跑到附近的美国驻军那里提醒他们。

"I told them he was German, but I was wrong. When they examined the bullets the next day, they immediately understood that he was American," she said.

“我告诉他们他是德国人,但我错了。第二天检查子弹时,他们立刻明白他是美国人。”

Her sister Catherine kept the terrible secret "that poisoned her whole life" until shortly before her death, said one of her daughters, Jeannine Plassard.

她的一个女儿珍妮·普拉萨德说,她的妹妹凯瑟琳一直保守着这个“毒害她一生”的可怕秘密,直到她去世前不久。

"Lying on her hospital bed she told me, 'I was raped during the war, during the Liberation,'" Plassard told AFP.

“她躺在病床上告诉我,‘我在战争期间被强奸了,在解放期间,’”普拉萨德告诉法新社。

Asked whether she ever told anybody, her mother replied: "Tell anybody? It was the Liberation, everybody was happy, I was not going to talk about something like this, that would have been cruel," she said.

当被问及她是否告诉过别人时,她的母亲回答说:“告诉任何人?那是解放日,每个人都很高兴,我不想谈论这样的事情,那太残忍了。”

French writer Louis Guilloux worked as a translator for US troops after the landings, an experience he described in his 1976 novel "OK Joe!", including the trials of GIs for rape in military courts.

法国作家路易斯·吉尤在登陆后担任美国军队的翻译,他在1976年的小说《好吧,乔!》中描述了这段经历,包括在军事法庭上对美国大兵的强奸审判。

"Those sentenced to death were almost all black," said Philippe Baron, who made a documentary about the book.

“被判处死刑的几乎都是黑人,”菲利普·巴伦说,他为这本书制作了一部纪录片。

'Shameful secret'

“不可告人的秘密”

Those found guilty, including the rapists of Aimee Helaudais Honore and Catherine Tournellec, were hanged publicly in French villages.

那些被判有罪的人,包括强奸Aimee Helaudais Honore和Catherine Tournellec的强奸犯,在法国的村庄被公开绞死。

"Behind the taboo surrounding rapes by the liberators, there was the shameful secret of a segregationist American army," said Baron.

巴伦说:“在围绕解放者强奸的禁忌背后,有一支奉行种族隔离主义的美国军队的可耻秘密。”

"Once a black soldier was brought to trial, he had practically no chance of acquittal," he said.

“一旦黑人士兵被送上法庭,他几乎没有机会被无罪释放,”他说。
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This, said Roberts, allowed the military hierarchy to protect the reputation of white Americans by "scapegoating many African-American soldiers".

罗伯茨说,这使得军方等级通过“让许多非裔美国士兵充当替罪羊”来保护美国白人的声誉。

Of the 29 soldiers sentenced to death for rape in 1944 and 1945, 25 were black GIs, she said.

她说,在1944年和1945年因强奸被判处死刑的29名士兵中,有25名是黑人大兵。

Racial stereotypes on sexuality facilitated the condemnation of blacks for rape. White soldiers, meanwhile, often belonged to mobile units, making them harder to track down than their black comrades who were mostly stationary.

对性的种族刻板印象助长了对黑人强奸的谴责。与此同时,白人士兵通常属于机动部队,这使得他们比大多处于驻扎状态的黑人战友更难被追踪。

"If a French woman accused a white American soldier of rape, he could easily get away with it because he never stayed near the rape scene. The next morning, he was gone," Roberts said.

“如果一名法国妇女指控一名美国白人士兵强奸,他可以很容易地逃脱惩罚,因为他从来不会待在强奸现场附近。第二天早上,他就不见了。”罗伯茨说。

After her book "What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France" appeared in 2013, Roberts said the reaction in the US was so hostile that the police would have to regularly check on her.

在她的书《士兵做什么:二战法国的性与美国大兵》于2013年出版后,罗伯茨说,美国人对她的反应非常敌对,以至于警察不得不定期看望她。

"People were angry at my book because they didn't want to lose this ideal of the good war, of the good GI," she said. "Even if it means we have to keep on lying."

“人们对我的书很生气,因为他们不想失去这场美好的战争、美好的美国大兵的理想看法,”她说。“即使这意味着我们必须继续撒谎。”

AFP was unable to obtain any official comment from the US Department of Defense on the subject.

法新社无法从美国国防部获得有关该问题的任何官方评论。

评论翻译
Peter Burnet
both my grandfather's fought in WW1 how many dead American soldiers are buried in France since 1916 and the end of WW2, maybe you'll find your answers there to all those American troops who died for France.

我的两个祖父都参加过一战,从1916年到二战结束,有多少死去的美国士兵被埋葬在法国,也许你会在那里找到所有为法国而死的美国士兵的答案。

David Banas
You can say anything you want 80 years after.
Is is possible? Yes.
Probable? It likely did happen to some.
Was it rampant? Probably not to the point like a few hearsay headlines in the media will lead you to believe.

80年后你想说什么都可以。
这可能吗? 是的。
可能性大吗? 这可能确实发生在一些人身上。
猖獗吗? 可能不会像媒体上一些道听途说的头条新闻想让你相信的那样。

Efficient-Giraffe-84
the potential for sexual violence during war is enormous. no one likes to acknowledge it. i am happy their stories are being told.

战争期间发生性暴力的可能性是巨大的。没有人愿意承认这一点。我很高兴他们的故事被讲述出来。

Rammsteinman
It's not surprising either. It's an army full of only men and aggression where you readily justify doing horrible things to other humans. Masturbation was discouraged as well. Pressure cooker (in the balls).

这也不足为奇。这是一支只有男人和侵略性的军队,很容易为对其他人做可怕的事情辩护。也不鼓励手淫。压力锅(在蛋蛋里)。

ooouroboros
Soldier behavior in these situations seems to be very close to the types of transgressions that take place in mob violence.

士兵在这种情况下的行为似乎与暴民暴力中的违法行为非常接近。

JclassOne
Groups of humans joined by hate are the most dangerous thing on earth.

以仇恨为纽带的群体是地球上最危险的东西。

Banned3rdTimesaCharm
Army full of gun and a populace full of vulnerable people.

全副武装的军队和脆弱的民众。

TheSnowNinja
Masturbation was discouraged as well.
Seriously? That doesn't seem like a good idea.

“也不鼓励手淫。”
真的吗? 这似乎不是个好主意。

LoudSwordfish7337
Making people whose job is to kill sexually frustrated and angry?
I don’t know if it’s a good idea, but it sounds like it might work perfectly as intended.

让那些以杀人为职业的人在性方面感到沮丧和愤怒?
我不知道这是不是一个好主意,但听起来它可能会像预期的那样完美地工作。

witchcottageonwheels
Most ‘taboo’ sex topics or activities are still discouraged today in active military, they even do searches for sex toys as they’re strictly not allowed

大多数“禁忌”性话题或性活动在今天的现役军人中仍然是不被鼓励的,他们甚至会搜索性玩具,因为这是严格不允许的。

porgy_tirebiter
Happens in every war. In East Germany women were more or less required to get a Russian boyfriend to protect them from other Russians. There’s an anonymous memoir about it, Eine Frau in Berlin.

在每场战争中都会发生。在东德,女性或多或少被要求找一个俄罗斯男朋友,以保护她们免受其他俄罗斯人的伤害。有一本匿名回忆录,叫《柏林的夫人》。

trisul-108
It happens in every war, but some armies try to limit it, others turn a blind eye and some actively encourage it ... the difference is very significant.

这种情况在每场战争中都会发生,但有些军队试图限制它,有些军队睁一只眼闭一只眼,有些军队积极鼓励它……差异是非常显著的。

TheSnowNinja
It's an absolute indictment of human nature that the idea of men raping women during/ after a battle is so common in history that it is basically a trope.

这绝对是对人性的控诉,男人在战争中或战争后强奸女人的想法在历史上如此普遍,基本上是一种比喻。

DeadFishCRO
I heard/read somewhere that when the red army was advancing a jewish woman was happy to see them as liberators from the nazis, but they raped her because "a woman is a woman".

我在某个地方听说过,当红军前进时,一个犹太妇女很高兴看到他们从纳粹手中解放将她出来,但他们强奸了她,因为“女人就是女人”。

awry_lynx
I mean, just look at the sexual assault stats within a single army... for many of the people willing to rape at all, doesn't really matter whose side you're on.

我的意思是,看看一支军队里的性侵犯数据……对于许多有意愿强奸的人来说,你站在哪一边并不重要。

Makes sense if you think about it, I mean is a rapist's choice of victim really going to be dependent on differing ideology? Is that really what they think? "You support X politician, therefore..." lol no. But the predator knows they can get away with it more one way than the other.

如果你仔细想想,这是有道理的,我的意思是,强奸犯对受害者的选择真的会取决于不同的意识形态吗? 他们真的是这么想的吗?“你支持某某政客,所以……”哈哈,不。但捕食者知道它们总有办法逃脱。

DeadFishCRO
Yeah in army rapes are basically raping your own comrades in arms. Let alone when you have the power to do it at will. I.e during the break up of Yugoslavia. UN troops would withhold humanitarian aid unless women slept with them. So mother's would basically let themselves be raped so the children would have food

是的,在军队里强奸基本上就是强奸自己的战友。更不用说当你有能力随心所欲的时候。例如,在南斯拉夫解体期间,除非有妇女与他们上床,联合国部队将暂停人道主义援助。所以母亲们基本上会放任自己被强奸,这样孩子们就有吃的了。
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Capt_Pickhard
There are shitty people in every country. War just really sort of favours them.

每个国家都有人渣。战争对他们有利。

arsenicwarrior0
Honestly the sexual violence in war has always seen as a taboo in the history of a country (and in society as well) so they know what happen but its easier to deny or minimise it in the possible because is useful in a very horrible way.

老实说,战争中的性暴力在一个国家的历史中一直被视为禁忌(在社会上也是如此),所以他们知道发生了什么,但更容易否认或尽可能地淡化它,因为有用,以一种非常可怕的方式。

The sexual violence isused as a weapon to keep the population in cheek and as a "reward" to keep moral, the soviets where infamous for this in Germany, Poland, Rumania and Hungary. But also we have to remember that the french did the same after the battle of Monte Cassino in Italy, just that they put all the blame on the colonial troops for their "natural barbarity" even when the commanders give them the good check in first place.

性暴力被用作一种武器,让人们保持冷静,作为保持道德的“奖励”,苏联在德国、波兰、罗马尼亚和匈牙利都因性暴力而臭名昭著。但我们也必须记住,法国人在意大利卡西诺山战役后也做了同样的事情,只是他们把所有的责任都归咎于殖民军队的“自然野蛮”,即使指挥官一开始就给了他们良好的检查。

Silidistani
lolno
Rape was absolutely standard part and parcel for sacking towns for millennia, literally only since perhaps the past 150 years did it become really taboo and then only in a few countries of the West.

呵呵,才不是。
几千年来,强奸绝对是洗城的标准组成部分,实际上只有在过去的150年里,强奸才成为真正的禁忌,而且只在西方的几个国家。

ooouroboros
You are absolutely right, - in many cases is was considered a perk or reward in lieu of paying troops

你说的完全正确,在很多情况下,这被认为是一种福利或奖励,代替给军队发工资。

shishaei
Yep.
Raping women has been seen as part of the spoils of war since time immemorial. And some men have the gall to pretend that women have nothing to fear in wartime.

是的。
自古以来,强奸妇女就被视为战争战利品的一部分。有些男人还厚颜无耻地假装女人在战争中无所畏惧。

Fun-Juice-9148
Ya I believe the Russians raped several million polish and German women which ended up killing several thousand women.

是的,我相信俄国人强奸了数百万波兰和德国妇女,最终杀害了数千名妇女。

Temporary_Kangaroo_3
Depictions of rape in war can be found all throughout human art going back to the bronze age.
Probably even further.

对战争中强奸的描述可以追溯到青铜时代,在人类的艺术作品中随处可见。
甚至可能更远。

TinyFlamingo2147
The Canadians did the same thing in France. My uncle served and after the war didn't talk about it at all, but he wrote a memorial before he died. In it, he wrote about he was basically put in a group that was supposed to drive around collecting all the guys that were out raping and taking advantage of people. He had to drag four Canadian guys out of the house of a French grandma who asked him what happened to Canadians since they were so nice in the last war. I guess that really messed him up for a long time.

加拿大人在法国也做了同样的事。我叔叔服过兵役,战后他完全不谈这件事,但他在死前写了一篇纪念文章。他在书中写道,他基本上被安排在一个小组里,这个小组的任务是开车到处聚集那些强奸和占别人便宜的人。他不得不把四个加拿大人从一位法国奶奶的房子里拖出来,这位奶奶问他加拿大人在上次战争中如此善良,他们怎么了。我想这让他困扰了很长一段时间。

abandonliberty
In WWI.... Canadians worked through their energy in battle. Quite possibly the most savage at the time.
What confused both friend and foe alike was why Canadians were so vicious. The French had seen large swaths of their country destroyed and subjugated. The British had zeppelins bombing their cities and U-boats trying to starve their populace. But Canadians had left behind safe and prosperous homes that wouldn’t see the slightest tinge of German aggression.
https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/the-forgotten-ferocity-of-canadas-soldiers-in-the-great-war

在第一次世界大战…加拿大人在战斗中耗尽了他们的精力。很可能是当时最野蛮的。
让朋友和敌人都感到困惑的是,为什么加拿大人如此恶毒。法国人目睹了自己国家的大片土地被摧毁和征服。英国人的城市遭到齐柏林飞艇轰炸,还有u型潜艇试图饿死他们的民众。而加拿大人留下了安全、繁荣的家园,没有看到一丝一毫的德国侵略。

Nevyn_Cares
Leaving a loved "safe and prosperous home" in order cross the world and fight a war would make most people pretty furious.

离开心爱的“安全和繁荣的家园”,去横穿世界,去打仗,这会让大多数人非常愤怒。

BaronDino
Moroccans working for France did much worse.

给法国工作的摩洛哥人做的更加过分。

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