英国大学需要救援计划,以阻止破产的“多米诺效应”
2024-07-17 jiangye111 4872
正文翻译
UK universities need rescue package to stop ‘domino effect’ of going under
-Experts say the next head of the Office for Students must oversee a programme that will protect higher education

英国大学需要救援计划,以阻止破产的“多米诺效应”
——专家表示,下一任学生办公室负责人必须监督一项保护高等教育的计划

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(Ex-Tory minister Chris Skidmore could head the Office for Students.)

(前保守党大臣克里斯·斯基德莫尔可能领导学生办公室。)
新闻:

The new head of the Office for Students (OfS) will have to oversee rescue plans to avoid a “domino effect” with a number of universities going under, experts have warned.

专家警告说,学生办公室的新负责人将不得不监督救援计划,以避免许多大学破产的“多米诺骨牌效应”。

The new government’s Department for Education (DfE) announced on Tuesday that it had accepted the resignation of the OfS’s controversial chair, James Wharton, a former Tory MP who ran Boris Johnson’s leadership campaign. Lord Wharton, who was given the job of running the independent regulator in 2021 despite having no experience of higher education, did not give up the Tory whip in the Lords and was widely criticised for being too close to the Conservative government.

新政府的教育部周二宣布,已经接受了教育局备受争议的主席詹姆斯·沃顿的辞呈。沃顿是前保守党议员,曾负责鲍里斯·约翰逊的领导竞选。沃顿勋爵于2021年被任命为独立监管机构的负责人,尽管他没有高等教育经验,但他没有放弃保守党在上议院的党鞭职务,并因与保守党政府关系过于密切而受到广泛批评。

One of the most surprising names said to be on the list of possible contenders to replace Wharton is Chris Skidmore, the former Tory energy minister who resigned from the government in January and has been excoriating in recent public attacks on his former party.

据说接替沃顿的可能竞争者名单上最令人惊讶的名字之一是克里斯·斯基德莫尔,这位前保守党能源大臣于今年1月从政府辞职,最近一直在公开抨击他的前政党。

Skidmore was once the universities minister and is respected in the sector. Other names suggested to the Observer by a range of well-connected figures in higher education include David Bell, vice-chancellor of Sunderland University and a former DfE permanent secretary.

斯基德莫尔曾任大学大臣,在该领域颇受尊敬。一些在高等教育界人脉广泛的人士向《观察家报》推荐的其他人选还包括桑德兰大学副校长、前教育部常务秘书戴维·贝尔。

With 40% of universities projected to be in deficit, according to recent reports by both PricewaterhouseCoopers and the OfS, experts said this weekend there has never been a more crucial time to have a more effective and stronger regulator with clearer priorities. In 2023, a scathing report by the Lords industry and regulators committee criticised the OfS, which had intervened on Conservative pet causes, including free speech and “low value” courses, for being driven by the “ebb and flow of short-term political priorities and media headlines”. Prof Steve West, vice-chancellor of the University of the West of England, who stepped down from the OfS board when he served as president of Universities UK, said: “This is the OfS’s most critical moment. It has a very serious job to do protecting students and the reputation of UK higher education.”

根据普华永道和英国金融服务办公室最近的报告,预计40%的大学将出现赤字。专家们本周末表示,现在是建立一个更有效、更强大、优先事项更明确的监管机构的关键时刻了。2023年,英国上议院产业和监管委员会发布了一份措辞严厉的报告,批评学生办公室受“短期政治优先事项和媒体头条的潮起潮落”驱动,对保守党喜欢的事业(包括言论自由和“低价值”课程)进行了干预。西英格兰大学副校长史蒂夫·韦斯特教授在担任英国大学联合会主席期间退出了学生办公室董事会,他说:“这是学生办公室最关键的时刻。保护学生和英国高等教育的声誉是一项非常严肃的工作。”

When West was on the board, he said discussions about how to protect students at universities that looked financially unstable were more manageable because they typically involved one or two universities. “The difference now is the sheer scale of what they are facing. If you’ve got a large number of institutions at risk and posting deficits, that is a far bigger systemic issue,” he said.

韦斯特说,当他还是董事会成员时,关于如何保护那些看起来财务不稳定的大学学生的讨论更容易管理,因为这些讨论通常涉及一到两所大学。“现在的不同之处在于他们所面临的问题的规模。如果有大量机构面临风险并出现赤字,那将是一个更大的系统性问题。”

More than 50 universities are making job and budget cuts in response to a drop-off in overseas students and a decade-long freeze in the £9,250 a year fees paid by UK students. The Russell Group has estimated that English universities lost an average of £2,500 a student a year in 2022-23 and without a change in policy this will increase to £5,000 a student a year by 2029-30.

英国50多所大学正在裁员和削减预算,以应对海外学生数量的下降,以及被冻结了10年不涨的英国学生每年9250英镑的学费。罗素集团估计,在2022-23年期间,英国大学平均每年损失每个学生2500英镑,如果不改变政策,到2029-30年,这一数字将增加到每年5000英镑。

Nick Hillman, director of the Higher Education Policy Institute thinktank, said: “When this many universities are projected to be in deficit, you can’t say: ‘This is a market and some institutions will have to go,’ because there is a serious risk of a domino effect.”

智库高等教育政策研究所主管尼克·希尔曼表示:“当这么多大学预计将出现赤字时,你不能说:‘这是一个市场,一些机构将不得不退出,’因为存在多米诺骨牌效应的严重风险。”
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He warned that if one university went under, lenders would “start calling in their debts left right and centre”. Hillman added: “It was inevitable that Lord Wharton had to go. It was an extraordinary appointment for political reasons.”

他警告说,如果一所大学破产,贷款机构将“开始收回他们的债务”。希尔曼补充说:“沃顿勋爵不得不离开是不可避免的。出于政治原因,这是一次非同寻常的任命。”

Chris Millward, professor of practice in education policy at Birmingham University and former director for fair access at the OfS, said the regulator now had a key role to play in “not only forecasting risk but also managing it”.

伯明翰大学教育政策实践教授、学生办公室前公平准入主管克里斯·米尔沃德表示,该监管机构现在“不仅在预测风险方面,而且在管理风险方面”发挥着关键作用。

He added that although the OfS was supposed to protect the interests of students: “If a university goes bust, the implications will be much wider.”

他补充说,尽管学生办公室本应保护学生的利益,但“如果一所大学破产,其影响将会广泛得多。”

A spokesperson for the DfE said the process to appoint an interim chair was under way with a permanent replacement announced “in due course”. SheIt added: “It is important that we have a sustainable higher education funding system that provides opportunities, supports students and maintains the world-leading status of our universities.”

英国教育部的一位发言人表示,任命临时主席的程序正在进行中,“在适当的时候”将宣布永久替代人选。她补充说:“重要的是,我们要有一个可持续的高等教育资助体系,为学生提供机会,支持学生,保持我们大学的世界领先地位。”

评论翻译
FedUpCamper
Our entire higher education approach is wrong tbh and it all goes back to the Balir reforms.
Frankly most jobs that "require a degree" don't. We do not need this many degree holders. It dues the degrees for those that do need them and keep people who could be learning valuable skills on the job locked out of the economy.
Cut places massively, abolish fees and ramp up entry requirements.

我们的整个高等教育方式都是错误的,这一切都要追溯到巴利尔改革。
坦率地说,大多数“需要学位”的工作其实都不需要。我们不需要这么多学位持有者。它降低了那些确实需要学位的人获得学位的价值,并将那些本可以在工作中学习有价值技能的人拒之门外。
应该大规模削减名额,取消学费,提高入学要求。

Rebelius
And have employers pay more for education/training? How likely is that?

雇主是否会为教育/培训支付更多费用?这种可能性有多大?
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mr_grapes 4
So employers do (at least larger ones). There is a tax on corporations called the apprenticeship levy, which puts 0.5% or a companies pay bill into a scheme that funds apprenticeships in the country. Companies can then claim this money back in the form of apprenticeship schemes within their company…. Now I know only a small % of companies qualify here but this could be expanded to have a more blended or transitional approach to go from university education to vocational

雇主们(至少是大公司)也是。对企业征收一项名为学徒税的税,该税将企业支付账单的0.5%用于资助全国的学徒计划。然后,公司可以在公司内部以学徒计划的形式收回这笔钱……现在我知道只有一小部分公司符合条件,但这可以扩展为一种从大学教育到职业教育更混合或过渡的做法

Any-Wall2929
Honestly think where I work could over triple the number of apprenticeships easily. Training for the role takes a couple of weeks and you are on your own. Maybe the odd question a few times a week after that. Not sure how much value they get out of it though. I still think we should be teaching them at least basic database queries but they are not allowed access.

老实说,我工作的地方可以轻松地将学徒人数增加三倍。这个角色的培训需要几周的时间,你要靠自己。也许在那之后一周会问几次奇怪的问题。但不确定他们从中获得了多少价值。我仍然认为我们至少应该教他们基本的数据库查询,但他们不被允许访问。

Caffeine_Monster
People really need to wake up and understand how broken it is..~£50,000 in debt for specialist knowledge that is not used is not how university is meant to be used. It's not sustainable, and not sustainable.
More education isn't always better for a student when there is coat attached. It has to be the right kind of education for the career they are pursuing.
And have employers pay more for education/training? How likely is that?
Any jobs which has a generic "degree holder" requirement is bullshit. If an employer can't point specifically at 2/3 courses then it doesn't require a degree.

人们真的需要清醒过来,明白它有多糟糕……为专业知识欠下5万英镑的债务,而这些专业知识没有被用到,这不是大学应该有的用途。这是不可持续的,不可持续的。
对学生来说,更多的教育并不总是更好的。它必须是适合他们所追求的职业的教育。
“雇主是否会为教育/培训支付更多费用?这种可能性有多大?”
任何要求“拥有学位”的工作都是扯淡。如果雇主不能明确指出这个学位三分之二的课程,那么就说明不需要学位。

SchoolForSedition
Universities became businesses. They’ve been run like Thames Water.

大学变成了企业。他们像泰晤士水务公司一样运作。

AnotherKTa
But they've also had their fees capped by the government at a completely unsustainable level.
If they were really businesses then they'd be able to set their UK tuition fees at whatever level they wanted.

但他们的收费也被政府限制在一个完全不可持续的水平。
如果他们是真正的企业,那么他们可以把英国的学费设定在他们想要的任何水平。

AncientNortherner
If they were really businesses then they'd be able to set their UK tuition fees at whatever level they wanted.
Indeed. That Cambridge is capped at the same level as Wrexham is an insult. The worth of their output is at opposite ends of the scale.

“如果他们是真正的企业,那么他们可以把英国的学费设定在他们想要的任何水平”
确实。剑桥大学与雷克瑟姆大学(学费水平)被限制在同一水平,这是一种侮辱。他们产出的价值处于天平的两端。

Caffeine_Monster
This is what people really need to understand. Cots are simply rising to meet available money. Increasing student costs again is probably the worst thing that could be done - it will absolutely feed through to stagnating the economy.
Universities need a wake up call. Drop the useless courses. Axe some of the non teaching management on 6 figure salaries.
We need to move back towards a system where improved graduate incomes result in higher taxation for funding.
I'm actually for increased government support, albeit with strings attached. 1. The support would only be for sext high demand courses and rigorous STEM courses. 2. A tuition bursary would be given to the students and a cash sum the university if students gain a 2:1 or higher on these courses.

这才是人们真正需要理解的。房价上涨只是为了满足可用资金的需求。再次增加学生费用可能是最糟糕的事情——这绝对会导致经济停滞。
大学需要一个警钟。放弃无用的课程。削减一些非教学管理人员6位数的薪水。
我们需要回到一个系统,在这个系统中,毕业生收入的提高会导致更高的资金税收。
实际上,我支持增加政府支持,尽管有附加条件。1、这种支持只针对高要求课程和严格的理工科课程。2、如果学生在这些课程中获得2:1或更高的成绩,将向学生提供学费助学金,并向大学提供现金奖励。

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HedgehogTail
This is complete and utter horseshit, sorry but it is. Universities are not for profit orgs but have been squeezed by the government imposed god-awful funding model. Income has as such been frozen for a decade, alongside recently rampant inflation.
In response, unis have relied on international student fees to plug the holes and now that is drying up as numbers fall because of many factors, including talk of the previous gov of scrapping the post study visa.
All in all, blaming the unis for this and comparing to Thames Water is just utterly ignorant of the facts.

这完全是一派胡言,抱歉,但确实如此。大学不是营利性机构,但受到政府强制推行的糟糕透顶的资助模式的挤压。收入已经被冻结了10年,与此同时,通货膨胀也在肆虐。
作为回应,各大学一直依靠国际学生的学费来填补缺口,但由于许多因素,包括前政府取消留学后签证的传言,学生人数下降,现在这种渠道正在枯竭。

legrenabeach
Why are 40% of universities in deficit after 15 years of super high fees and ultra recruitment drives for foreign students who pay double fees? Who has mismanaged their finances and what are the consequences for those people? What did they do wrong, and what can we learn from it so the next people who become responsible for university financials don't repeat the same mistakes? Until we can satisfactorily answer these questions, not only about universities but about industry in general, the country will continue its decline.

为什么在15年的超高学费和对支付双倍学费的外国学生的超招之后,40%的大学还是出现赤字?是谁的财务管理不善,对这些人的后果是什么?他们做错了什么,我们能从中学到什么,这样下一个负责大学财务的人就不会重蹈覆辙了?除非我们能令人满意地回答这些问题,不仅是关于大学,而且是关于整个工业,否则这个国家将继续衰落。
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BushelOfCarrots
Unfortunately the whole structure of the sector is broken. There are probably only somewhere between 5-10 high quality universities left in the UK - depending on how you look at them.
By this I mean high quality research together with a decent education, and an outlook that isn't totally focused on university as a 'business'. Particularly, a lot of formally good universities are just super focused on overseas students beyond everything else.
Then there are the universities which do a reasonable job educating the same kind of sector that colleges used to educate. Their problem is that their reserach is generally pretty much useless as a whole (you can find exceptions for sure).
We continue to insist on combining teaching and research into one model. It works still for the high end universities, but it just doesn't work for most of the sector.
Plus there is a pay system for staff and a quality control system of degrees that maintains that all universities are the same. Which they clearly are not.

不幸的是,整个行业的结构已经崩溃。英国可能只剩下5-10所高质量的大学了——这取决于你如何看待它们。
我的意思是高质量的研究,加上体面的教育,以及不完全把大学当作一门“生意”的观点。特别是,很多正规的好大学都非常关注海外学生。
还有一些大学在教育大学过去教育的领域方面做得很好。它们的问题在于,它们的研究总体上几乎毫无用处(你肯定会发现例外)。
我们继续坚持教学与科研相结合的模式。它仍然适用于高端大学,但并不适用于大多数行业。
此外,还有一个对所有大学都一视同仁的员工薪酬体系和学位质量控制体系。但它们显然不该一视同仁。

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CAOCDO
Let them fail. They wanted to fuck around in a free market, let them find out. They will be forced to innovate like they should have already. The reasons they’re failing are not outside of their control, deliver a valuable service and people will pay.
Note, a significant reason for inflation and rapidly increasing national debt is to do with our insistence on bailing out failing business models. Case in point with the pandemic, the financial crisis, and now universities. Businesses that were not fit for purpose were provided life support vehicles at vast expense to the tax payer so they could continue to make money in the same unsustainable ways that they always did. In addition, these vehicles provided opportunity for fraud and corruption, such as bailouts used for bonuses and Covid loan fraud

让它们破产好了。它们想在自由市场上玩,就让它们自己体会吧。它们将被迫进行创新,就像它们已经应该做的那样。它们失败的原因不是它们无法控制的,提供有价值的服务,人们就会付钱。
请注意,通货膨胀和国家债务迅速增加的一个重要原因与我们坚持救助失败的商业模式有关。大流行、金融危机和现在的大学就是一个很好的例子。那些不适合经营的企业,政府花了纳税人大量的钱提供生命维持工具,这样它们就可以继续以同样不可持续的方式赚钱。此外,这些工具为欺诈和腐败提供了机会,例如用于补贴和疫情贷款欺诈的救助

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ayeayefitlikeScottish Borders
They were never in a free market - the fees have been capped for a long time. If it was a free market they’d have set their own fees, and then you could blame them if they collapsed. Instead they simply can’t afford to run on the set income they can bring in.

它们从来都不是在自由市场——收费上限已经存在很长时间了。如果这是一个自由市场,它们应该设定自己的费用,然后如果它们倒闭了,你可以指责它们。相反,它们根本无法以它们的固定收入来维持下去。

Optimal_Mention1423
The universities wanted the thrill of private sector revenue. They can reap the free market.

大学想要私有领域收入带来的刺激。它们可以收割自由市场。

serennow
If you actually give them the free market - ie no cap on tuition fees - then most will be okay but students will suffer hugely…

如果你真的给它们自由市场——即学费没有上限——那么大多数人会没事,但学生将遭受巨大损失……
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Winged_One_97Expat
Fired the corrupted money stealing staffs, and Stop wasting money on foreign students from hostile nations, and you will find you suddenly have the budget

解雇腐败的偷钱的员工,停止在敌对国家的外国学生身上浪费钱,然后你会发现你突然有了预算

Melodic-Flow-9253
Let them burn. Complete scam, no young person should ever be pressured to put themselves 40k in debt as a normal thing to do.

让它们燃烧好了。完全就是骗局,任何年轻人都不应该被强迫让自己背负4万美元的债务,还觉得这很正常。

Gurmtron
Let them sink. Only universities care about universities. It's a fucked up exclusive system.

让它们沉没好了。只有大学才关心大学。这是一个该死的排他性系统。

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