为什么罗马帝国会分裂为东西两个帝国？
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Charles Cassini
Ruling an empire that stretched far more to the east than it did westward, and with Rome being very much on the empire’s westward side, it made sense to find a more central place so that communication and military control could be made more effective. Besides, the infrastructure of Rome itself had become too constricted to serve as the empire’s capital and Byzantium offered a number of advantages for defense, expansion and development which the old capital did not.
统治一个向东方远远超过向西方延伸的帝国，而罗马则位于帝国的西部，因此找到一个更加中央的地方是有道理的，这样可以使通讯和军事控制更为有效。此外，罗马本身的基础设施已经变得过于狭窄，无法再作为帝国的首都，而拜占庭则提供了许多老首都所不具备的防御、扩展和发展优势。
Ruling an empire that stretched far more to the east than it did westward, and with Rome being very much on the empire’s westward side, it made sense to find a more central place so that communication and military control could be made more effective. Besides, the infrastructure of Rome itself had become too constricted to serve as the empire’s capital and Byzantium offered a number of advantages for defense, expansion and development which the old capital did not.
统治一个向东方远远超过向西方延伸的帝国，而罗马则位于帝国的西部，因此找到一个更加中央的地方是有道理的，这样可以使通讯和军事控制更为有效。此外，罗马本身的基础设施已经变得过于狭窄，无法再作为帝国的首都，而拜占庭则提供了许多老首都所不具备的防御、扩展和发展优势。
Mithrandir Istari
The simple answer is: it wasn’t divided. Officially Rome was a single empire, what they did was to administer it separately. Current historians, for easiness, refer to the “Western and Eastern Roman Empire”, even they refer the “Eastern” one as “Byzantine Empire”, just because Constantinopolis was founded where the ancient city of Byzantium existed, although they were still “romani”.
简单来说，罗马帝国并没有正式分裂。他们的做法是分开行政管理。现代历史学家出于便利起见，通常将其称为“西罗马帝国”和“东罗马帝国”，甚至将“东罗马帝国”称为“拜占庭帝国”，因为君士坦丁堡是建立在古代拜占庭城遗址上，尽管他们仍然是“罗马人”。
The simple answer is: it wasn’t divided. Officially Rome was a single empire, what they did was to administer it separately. Current historians, for easiness, refer to the “Western and Eastern Roman Empire”, even they refer the “Eastern” one as “Byzantine Empire”, just because Constantinopolis was founded where the ancient city of Byzantium existed, although they were still “romani”.
简单来说，罗马帝国并没有正式分裂。他们的做法是分开行政管理。现代历史学家出于便利起见，通常将其称为“西罗马帝国”和“东罗马帝国”，甚至将“东罗马帝国”称为“拜占庭帝国”，因为君士坦丁堡是建立在古代拜占庭城遗址上，尽管他们仍然是“罗马人”。
Why they decided to separate administration? Because of internal conflicts and lose of economic power. That lead to constant invasions from barbarian tribes, and eventually (with some clever influence from “the Eastern” side) “the Western” side fell. Then the remaining Roman Empire set to reconquer all the Mediterranean territories lost, which they achieved just to finally fall to the Ottomans.
为什么他们决定分开管理？因为内部冲突和经济力量的流失。这导致不断有野蛮部落的入侵，最终（在东方一侧的巧妙影响下）“西方”一侧崩溃了。然后剩余的罗马帝国试图重新夺回失去的所有地中海领土，虽然他们成功了，但最终还是沦陷于奥斯曼帝国。
为什么他们决定分开管理？因为内部冲突和经济力量的流失。这导致不断有野蛮部落的入侵，最终（在东方一侧的巧妙影响下）“西方”一侧崩溃了。然后剩余的罗马帝国试图重新夺回失去的所有地中海领土，虽然他们成功了，但最终还是沦陷于奥斯曼帝国。
Father of History
The Roman Empire officially split into Eastern and Western empires in the year 284 CE. This division was the result of several factors, including political and economic instability, military weakness, and territorial disputes. The empire had grown too large to be effectively governed from one central location, and the division allowed for the creation of two separate administrative centers. Additionally, there were cultural, religious, and linguistic differences between the Eastern and Western regions of the empire, which further contributed to the split. The division of the Roman Empire was a gradual process that took several decades to fully develop, but it ultimately led to the establishment of two distinct empires that each had their own unique characteristics and challenges.
罗马帝国在公元284年正式分裂为东西两个帝国。这一分裂是多种因素的结果，包括政治和经济不稳定、军事上的薄弱以及领土争端。帝国已经变得过于庞大，无法有效地从一个中心地点进行统治，因此分裂允许创建两个独立的行政中心。此外，东西帝国地区之间存在文化、宗教和语言上的差异，这进一步促成了分裂。罗马帝国的分裂是一个逐步发展的过程，历时数十年才完全形成，但最终导致了建立了两个有着各自独特特征和挑战的不同帝国。
The Roman Empire officially split into Eastern and Western empires in the year 284 CE. This division was the result of several factors, including political and economic instability, military weakness, and territorial disputes. The empire had grown too large to be effectively governed from one central location, and the division allowed for the creation of two separate administrative centers. Additionally, there were cultural, religious, and linguistic differences between the Eastern and Western regions of the empire, which further contributed to the split. The division of the Roman Empire was a gradual process that took several decades to fully develop, but it ultimately led to the establishment of two distinct empires that each had their own unique characteristics and challenges.
罗马帝国在公元284年正式分裂为东西两个帝国。这一分裂是多种因素的结果，包括政治和经济不稳定、军事上的薄弱以及领土争端。帝国已经变得过于庞大，无法有效地从一个中心地点进行统治，因此分裂允许创建两个独立的行政中心。此外，东西帝国地区之间存在文化、宗教和语言上的差异，这进一步促成了分裂。罗马帝国的分裂是一个逐步发展的过程，历时数十年才完全形成，但最终导致了建立了两个有着各自独特特征和挑战的不同帝国。
Charles Brown
Diocletian decided that the Empire was too large to be ruled using the technology available at the time. His solution was two realms bound at the top by agreements between the emperors. As it turned out, the emperors were too headstrong to agree.
戴克里先认为帝国过于庞大，无法利用当时的技术来统治。他的解决方案是将帝国分为两个领域，并通过皇帝之间的协议来限制。事实证明，这些皇帝都过于固执，无法达成一致。
Diocletian decided that the Empire was too large to be ruled using the technology available at the time. His solution was two realms bound at the top by agreements between the emperors. As it turned out, the emperors were too headstrong to agree.
戴克里先认为帝国过于庞大，无法利用当时的技术来统治。他的解决方案是将帝国分为两个领域，并通过皇帝之间的协议来限制。事实证明，这些皇帝都过于固执，无法达成一致。
Lindsay Hall
There had been from already almost immemorial antiquity before Diocletian’s (late 3rd-century) era a socio-linguistic and demographic fault-line in the Empire (stretching from what are now Syria to Portugal): one consequence of Alexander’s conquests (600 + years before) in Anatolia and the middle east caused κοινή (koine) Greek to be the language of government, of business, of ‘international’ communication—hence everyone’s second language, rather like Internet English today. Incidentally, that’s the reason the New Testament is in Greek.
在戴克里先时代（公元3世纪末之前），帝国中存在着一条社会语言学和人口统计的分界线（从今天的叙利亚到葡萄牙）：亚历山大征服（600多年前）在安纳托利亚和中东地区造成的一个后果是，通用希腊语成为政府、商业和“国际”交流的语言，因此成为每个人的第二语言，有点类似今天的互联网英语。顺便提一下，这也是新约圣经用希腊语的原因。
There had been from already almost immemorial antiquity before Diocletian’s (late 3rd-century) era a socio-linguistic and demographic fault-line in the Empire (stretching from what are now Syria to Portugal): one consequence of Alexander’s conquests (600 + years before) in Anatolia and the middle east caused κοινή (koine) Greek to be the language of government, of business, of ‘international’ communication—hence everyone’s second language, rather like Internet English today. Incidentally, that’s the reason the New Testament is in Greek.
在戴克里先时代（公元3世纪末之前），帝国中存在着一条社会语言学和人口统计的分界线（从今天的叙利亚到葡萄牙）：亚历山大征服（600多年前）在安纳托利亚和中东地区造成的一个后果是，通用希腊语成为政府、商业和“国际”交流的语言，因此成为每个人的第二语言，有点类似今天的互联网英语。顺便提一下，这也是新约圣经用希腊语的原因。
This was long before the Romans got anywhere near the territories in question (mostly in the 1st century BC). And Romans had already been long used to Greek culture, and bilingualism, thanks to the Greeks’ colonisation, going back even further than Alexander’s time, to the 7th and 6th centuries BC, in Sicily and southern Italy.
这发生在罗马人接触到相关领土之前很久（主要是在公元前1世纪）。多亏希腊人在西西里岛和意大利南部的殖民活动，甚至早于亚历山大时代的公元前7世纪和6世纪，罗马人就已经习惯了希腊文化和双语使用。
这发生在罗马人接触到相关领土之前很久（主要是在公元前1世纪）。多亏希腊人在西西里岛和意大利南部的殖民活动，甚至早于亚历山大时代的公元前7世纪和6世纪，罗马人就已经习惯了希腊文化和双语使用。
This fault-line is still observable today: Croatia is culturally and historically Catholic, and uses the Latin alphabet; Serbians speak more or less the same language, but are religiously orthodox, and write it in Cyrillic. In the lamentable Bosnian war, an area called Krajina was prominent in the news as a focus of fighting. Its name is a linguistic cousin of German Grenze, and means ‘frontier’.
今天这条分界线仍然可以观察到：克罗地亚在文化和历史上是天主教国家，使用拉丁字母；塞尔维亚人讲差不多一样的语言，但信仰东正教，并使用西里尔字母来书写。在令人遗憾的波斯尼亚战争中，一个名为克拉伊纳的地区成为新闻焦点，成为战斗的中心。它的名称在语言上与德语的“Grenze”有亲缘关系，意思是“边界”。
今天这条分界线仍然可以观察到：克罗地亚在文化和历史上是天主教国家，使用拉丁字母；塞尔维亚人讲差不多一样的语言，但信仰东正教，并使用西里尔字母来书写。在令人遗憾的波斯尼亚战争中，一个名为克拉伊纳的地区成为新闻焦点，成为战斗的中心。它的名称在语言上与德语的“Grenze”有亲缘关系，意思是“边界”。
A distinct echo of ancient history still resounding, though ill-understood, to this day.
After centuries of mis-management by incompetent predecessors, Diocletian realised that a more practical apparatus of government was needed than the idea that Rome alone could govern. He probably had other motives, but (in comparison to most of the other Emperors) he had at least a fairly good understanding of what administration calls for.
远古历史的清晰回响至今依然存在，尽管其含义至今仍不为人所明了。
在经历了数个世纪无能前任的管理失误后，戴克里先意识到，需要比单靠罗马治理的观念更为实际的政府机构。他可能还有其他动机，但至少相较于大多数其他皇帝，他对于行政管理的需求有着相当清晰的理解。
After centuries of mis-management by incompetent predecessors, Diocletian realised that a more practical apparatus of government was needed than the idea that Rome alone could govern. He probably had other motives, but (in comparison to most of the other Emperors) he had at least a fairly good understanding of what administration calls for.
远古历史的清晰回响至今依然存在，尽管其含义至今仍不为人所明了。
在经历了数个世纪无能前任的管理失误后，戴克里先意识到，需要比单靠罗马治理的观念更为实际的政府机构。他可能还有其他动机，但至少相较于大多数其他皇帝，他对于行政管理的需求有着相当清晰的理解。
Andrew Baird
It didn’t.
It was one Empire with two Emperors.
不是这样的。
那是一个帝国，有两位皇帝。
It didn’t.
It was one Empire with two Emperors.
不是这样的。
那是一个帝国，有两位皇帝。
The technical term is a Diarchy, which basically means “The Rule of Two”. The most famous example of a Diarchy (that is recognised as such) is Sparta.
Now, as to why it needed to become a Diarchy? well, the Tetrarchy hadn’t worked, because of the squabbling of the different Augusti and Caesari, but the Empire nonetheless was too large and had too many flashpoints and concerns for one person to even hope to begin tackling. And so it was decided there would be two emperors, so that the Empire would (theoretically) have a focused military command that only had to worry about one or two things at once.
技术术语是双王制，基本上意味着“两人统治”。被公认为最著名的双王制例子是斯巴达。
现在，为什么帝国需要成为双王制呢？因为四王制没有奏效，不同的奥古斯都和凯撒之间经常争吵，但帝国仍然太大，有太多的矛盾和问题，一个人根本无法着手解决。因此决定有两位皇帝，理论上帝国将拥有一个专注的军事指挥，只需要同时关注一两件事情。
Now, as to why it needed to become a Diarchy? well, the Tetrarchy hadn’t worked, because of the squabbling of the different Augusti and Caesari, but the Empire nonetheless was too large and had too many flashpoints and concerns for one person to even hope to begin tackling. And so it was decided there would be two emperors, so that the Empire would (theoretically) have a focused military command that only had to worry about one or two things at once.
技术术语是双王制，基本上意味着“两人统治”。被公认为最著名的双王制例子是斯巴达。
现在，为什么帝国需要成为双王制呢？因为四王制没有奏效，不同的奥古斯都和凯撒之间经常争吵，但帝国仍然太大，有太多的矛盾和问题，一个人根本无法着手解决。因此决定有两位皇帝，理论上帝国将拥有一个专注的军事指挥，只需要同时关注一两件事情。
It is worth noting that the Empire maintained the institution of Diarchy for most of it’s history after Constantine I, which the designated heir being made Co-Emperor, right up to Ioannes xiII Palaiologos, who made his brother Konstantinos Dragases-Palaiologos Symbasileios and regent in 1437. Ioannes is the last Emperor to do this, primarily because Konstantinos didn’t really have time to do anything more than die defending his capital.
Well, that and his remaining brother were horrifyingly untrustworthy, and as such undeserving of being elevated.
值得注意的是，帝国在君士坦丁一世之后的大部分历史中保持了共治制度，即指定的继承人被封为共同皇帝，直到1437年约翰十三世·帕拉奥洛戈斯任命他的兄弟康斯坦丁·德拉加西斯-帕拉奥洛戈斯为共治皇帝和摄政。约翰十三世是最后一个这样做的皇帝，主要是因为康斯坦丁没有时间做任何事情，只能为保卫首都而战死。
嗯，还有他剩下的兄弟太不可信任了，因此不值得晋升。
Well, that and his remaining brother were horrifyingly untrustworthy, and as such undeserving of being elevated.
值得注意的是，帝国在君士坦丁一世之后的大部分历史中保持了共治制度，即指定的继承人被封为共同皇帝，直到1437年约翰十三世·帕拉奥洛戈斯任命他的兄弟康斯坦丁·德拉加西斯-帕拉奥洛戈斯为共治皇帝和摄政。约翰十三世是最后一个这样做的皇帝，主要是因为康斯坦丁没有时间做任何事情，只能为保卫首都而战死。
嗯，还有他剩下的兄弟太不可信任了，因此不值得晋升。
Bruno Seixas
The Roman Empire split into two in the 4th Century because it was suffering from literally every crisis you can imagine, since the 3rd Century. The situation got better in the beggining of the 4th Century, but this huge crisis has never been overcome. In the meantime, barbarians were trying to raid the Empire (for obvius reasons) and when they realized Rome was in deep water, they seized the opportunity and so the invasion attempts began. At some point during this security crisis, the romans realized their territory is way too long to defend it properly, and someone came up with the idea of splitting the empire. They did that somewhere between 360–380 (I don’t remember correctly), but it was valid only for the administration (AKA 2 Emperos govern two different parts of the empire), so, in theory, the Roman Empire was still one up to this point.
罗马帝国在公元4世纪分裂，因为自公元3世纪以来，它饱受几乎所有你能想象到的危机困扰。到了4世纪初，情况有所好转，但这场巨大的危机从未真正被克服。与此同时，蛮族因显而易见的原因试图袭击帝国，当他们意识到罗马正处于深水中时，便抓住机会发动了入侵。在这场安全危机的某个时刻，罗马人意识到他们的领土太长，无法有效防御，于是有人提出了分裂帝国的主意。大约在360至380年之间（我记得不太清楚），他们确实这样做了，但这只是在行政上有效（也就是说，两位皇帝统治帝国的不同部分），因此理论上，罗马帝国在这一点上仍然是统一的。
The Roman Empire split into two in the 4th Century because it was suffering from literally every crisis you can imagine, since the 3rd Century. The situation got better in the beggining of the 4th Century, but this huge crisis has never been overcome. In the meantime, barbarians were trying to raid the Empire (for obvius reasons) and when they realized Rome was in deep water, they seized the opportunity and so the invasion attempts began. At some point during this security crisis, the romans realized their territory is way too long to defend it properly, and someone came up with the idea of splitting the empire. They did that somewhere between 360–380 (I don’t remember correctly), but it was valid only for the administration (AKA 2 Emperos govern two different parts of the empire), so, in theory, the Roman Empire was still one up to this point.
罗马帝国在公元4世纪分裂，因为自公元3世纪以来，它饱受几乎所有你能想象到的危机困扰。到了4世纪初，情况有所好转，但这场巨大的危机从未真正被克服。与此同时，蛮族因显而易见的原因试图袭击帝国，当他们意识到罗马正处于深水中时，便抓住机会发动了入侵。在这场安全危机的某个时刻，罗马人意识到他们的领土太长，无法有效防御，于是有人提出了分裂帝国的主意。大约在360至380年之间（我记得不太清楚），他们确实这样做了，但这只是在行政上有效（也就是说，两位皇帝统治帝国的不同部分），因此理论上，罗马帝国在这一点上仍然是统一的。
Unfortunately for the western part, in 395, this division became political, meaning the empire was broken into two. With a lot of invasions happening, and with little to no support of the eastern side whatsoever, the western part “quickly” fell apart in 476. Meanwhile, the Eastern part became the Bizantine Empire, and came to an end in 1453, more than a thousand years after it’s foundation.
Hope you liked the answer! Bye!
不幸的是，395年，罗马帝国分裂成两个政治实体。西部帝国在多次入侵和几乎没有东部支持的情况下，于476年“迅速”解体。与此同时，东部帝国成为拜占庭帝国，并于1453年结束，其成立时间超过一千年。
希望你喜欢这个答案！再见！
Hope you liked the answer! Bye!
不幸的是，395年，罗马帝国分裂成两个政治实体。西部帝国在多次入侵和几乎没有东部支持的情况下，于476年“迅速”解体。与此同时，东部帝国成为拜占庭帝国，并于1453年结束，其成立时间超过一千年。
希望你喜欢这个答案！再见！
Uroš Nedeljković
Even in the times of Roman tetrachy, it was obvious that one ruler couldn’t handle a huge empire like Roman, so even then, a lot before the actual split there were ideas about it.
即使在罗马四分制时期，显而易见的是，一个统治者无法处理像罗马这样庞大的帝国，因此早在实际分裂之前，人们就已经有了这方面的想法。
Even in the times of Roman tetrachy, it was obvious that one ruler couldn’t handle a huge empire like Roman, so even then, a lot before the actual split there were ideas about it.
即使在罗马四分制时期，显而易见的是，一个统治者无法处理像罗马这样庞大的帝国，因此早在实际分裂之前，人们就已经有了这方面的想法。
The main cause for it was to establish order and stability Roman Empire had back in its best days. Also difference between people in the western and eastern part of the empire was bigger and bigger. Western Romans were influenced by people they were surrounded with-Gauls, aswell as some colonies. They were speaking Latin language. On the other hand, we have the eastern part, which was influenced by Egyptians, Jews, Greeks, who partially stayed to live in the Empire.
主要原因是为了恢复罗马帝国在其鼎盛时期所具有的秩序和稳定。此外，帝国西部和东部人民之间的差异越来越大。西罗马人受到周围高卢人以及一些殖民地的影响，他们说拉丁语。另一方面，东部地区受到埃及人、犹太人和希腊人的影响，这些民族部分留在帝国内生活。
主要原因是为了恢复罗马帝国在其鼎盛时期所具有的秩序和稳定。此外，帝国西部和东部人民之间的差异越来越大。西罗马人受到周围高卢人以及一些殖民地的影响，他们说拉丁语。另一方面，东部地区受到埃及人、犹太人和希腊人的影响，这些民族部分留在帝国内生活。
So, Theodosius I, in the year of 395 (4 years after forbidding all religions but Christianity) decided to split the Roman Empire into two halves. The border was from Singidunum to bay of Boka. Western part was given go his younger son, Honorius (who was stutgering or had mental issues, probably both), because that part od the Empire was easier to lead. Eastern part was given to his older son, Arcadius. Capitals were Rome and Constantinople.
西奥多修斯一世在公元395年（禁止所有宗教仅限于基督教四年后）决定将罗马帝国分为两半。边界线从辛基杜努姆到博卡湾。西部部分归其年幼的儿子Honorius（他可能口吃或有精神问题，也可能两者兼有），因为该帝国的这一部分更容易管理。东部部分则归其长子Arcadius。首都分别是罗马和君士坦丁堡。
西奥多修斯一世在公元395年（禁止所有宗教仅限于基督教四年后）决定将罗马帝国分为两半。边界线从辛基杜努姆到博卡湾。西部部分归其年幼的儿子Honorius（他可能口吃或有精神问题，也可能两者兼有），因为该帝国的这一部分更容易管理。东部部分则归其长子Arcadius。首都分别是罗马和君士坦丁堡。
Unfortunately they weren’t very good leaders, they were in shadows of barbarians who were making decisions instead of them. Not long after that, Rome was taken over by Visigoths in 410 for a while and then by Vandals in 455, first two times after over a thousand years. Barbarians started coming into Western Empire’s teritory and making their own kingdoms. Last Western emperor was Romulus Augustulus, who was dethroned by Odoacar.
不幸的是，他们并不是很好的领导者，他们处于蛮族的阴影之下，蛮族们代替他们做决策。不久之后，罗马在公元410年被哥特人占领了一段时间，然后在455年被汪达尔人占领，这是过去一千多年来的头两次。蛮族开始进入西部帝国的领土并建立自己的王国。最后一位西部帝国皇帝是Romulus Augustulus，他被Odoacar废黜。
不幸的是，他们并不是很好的领导者，他们处于蛮族的阴影之下，蛮族们代替他们做决策。不久之后，罗马在公元410年被哥特人占领了一段时间，然后在455年被汪达尔人占领，这是过去一千多年来的头两次。蛮族开始进入西部帝国的领土并建立自己的王国。最后一位西部帝国皇帝是Romulus Augustulus，他被Odoacar废黜。
As far as Eastern Empire goes, it continued to exist as Byzantine Empire defending Europe from many threats like Persians and especially Arabs. They were conquered by Ottoman Empire in 1453 which was led by Mehmed the Conqueror.
至于东部帝国，它继续以拜占庭帝国的身份存在，抵御来自许多威胁的欧洲，如波斯人，尤其是阿拉伯人。他们在1453年被由穆罕默德二世领导的奥斯曼帝国征服。
至于东部帝国，它继续以拜占庭帝国的身份存在，抵御来自许多威胁的欧洲，如波斯人，尤其是阿拉伯人。他们在1453年被由穆罕默德二世领导的奥斯曼帝国征服。
Alfred Medolli
it’s universally known that the division was made for easy administration. In 395 AC, with the death of the emperor Theodosius, he left the two parts of the empire to his sons Arcadius and Honorius: the first had the Eastern part, the second the tormented West. From this moment and on, the division remained definitive forever. There were the same laws, but two distinctly separate courts, two administrations, and two armies. The unitary ideology has survived, but in fact it has bowed to the concrete needs of the present . In meanwhile , other historical facts will take over. The Eastern part was thriving, the Western one was undergoing economic decline , the weakening of central government and demographic decay. In particular, mismanagement and corruption was blatant .
普遍认为，395年，随着皇帝提奥多修斯的去世，他把帝国的两部分分给了他的两个儿子阿卡略和奥诺里乌斯：前者得到了东部，后者得到了陷入困境的西部。从那时起，分裂成为永久性的。虽然有相同的法律，但存在两个明显分开的法庭、两个行政部门和两支军队。统一的意识形态仍然存在，但事实上它已经为现实的具体需求所屈服。与此同时，其他历史事实也逐渐显现出来。东部繁荣昌盛，而西部经济衰退，中央政府日益削弱，人口逐渐减少。特别是管理不善和腐败现象十分明显。
it’s universally known that the division was made for easy administration. In 395 AC, with the death of the emperor Theodosius, he left the two parts of the empire to his sons Arcadius and Honorius: the first had the Eastern part, the second the tormented West. From this moment and on, the division remained definitive forever. There were the same laws, but two distinctly separate courts, two administrations, and two armies. The unitary ideology has survived, but in fact it has bowed to the concrete needs of the present . In meanwhile , other historical facts will take over. The Eastern part was thriving, the Western one was undergoing economic decline , the weakening of central government and demographic decay. In particular, mismanagement and corruption was blatant .
普遍认为，395年，随着皇帝提奥多修斯的去世，他把帝国的两部分分给了他的两个儿子阿卡略和奥诺里乌斯：前者得到了东部，后者得到了陷入困境的西部。从那时起，分裂成为永久性的。虽然有相同的法律，但存在两个明显分开的法庭、两个行政部门和两支军队。统一的意识形态仍然存在，但事实上它已经为现实的具体需求所屈服。与此同时，其他历史事实也逐渐显现出来。东部繁荣昌盛，而西部经济衰退，中央政府日益削弱，人口逐渐减少。特别是管理不善和腐败现象十分明显。
The internal political situation worsened when the Germanic populations were forced by the Huns to reach the Roman borders to save themselves, events between bad governance and indifference culminated with emperor Valens death in the battle of Adrianople. This mass often hostile and unmanageable peoples sought settlements following the Roman routes and occupied entire cities. They also acquired large to autonomy and power, and Theodosius did nothing but manage the situation with lasting peace treaties by paying substantial tributes to cease hostilities.
内部政治局势恶化是因为日耳曼人被匈奴逼迫，不得不逃到罗马边境，这些事件是糟糕的治理和漠视的结果，最终导致了瓦伦斯皇帝在亚德里安堡之战中的死亡。这些常常敌对且难以管理的大规模民族寻求在罗马的道路上定居，并占领了整个城市。他们也获得了相当大的自治权和权力，而提奥多修斯所做的只是通过支付大量贡品来管理局势，达成持久的和平条约以停止敌对行动。
内部政治局势恶化是因为日耳曼人被匈奴逼迫，不得不逃到罗马边境，这些事件是糟糕的治理和漠视的结果，最终导致了瓦伦斯皇帝在亚德里安堡之战中的死亡。这些常常敌对且难以管理的大规模民族寻求在罗马的道路上定居，并占领了整个城市。他们也获得了相当大的自治权和权力，而提奥多修斯所做的只是通过支付大量贡品来管理局势，达成持久的和平条约以停止敌对行动。
It can be added also in the late antiquity in the East, Christianity successfully rooted in the Greek language, while in the West, Greek-Roman polytheism still dominated. This would lead, among other things, to religious division and the inevitable clash between Rome and Constantinople at the Battle of the Fridigus River.
在晚期古代时期，基督教成功地在东部以希腊语为基础扎根，而在西部，希腊-罗马的多神教仍然占主导地位。这导致了宗教上的分裂，也不可避免地引发了罗马与君士坦丁堡之间在弗里提格斯河战役上的冲突，这只是其中的一部分。
在晚期古代时期，基督教成功地在东部以希腊语为基础扎根，而在西部，希腊-罗马的多神教仍然占主导地位。这导致了宗教上的分裂，也不可避免地引发了罗马与君士坦丁堡之间在弗里提格斯河战役上的冲突，这只是其中的一部分。
Steven Bibby
It was simply too large ! Due to the vast expanse it was simply impossible to govern all the provenances in a central seat in Rome.
Therefore emperor Diocletian divided the empire into two halfs. Easten which was governed out Byzantinium ( later Constantinople) and the West which was governed in Rome.
Hope i helped.
帝国太过庞大！由于广阔的领土，单靠罗马中心无法有效统治所有的省份。
因此，帝国皇帝戴克里先将帝国分成了两个部分。东部由拜占庭（后来的君士坦丁堡）治理，而西部则由罗马治理。
希望这有所帮助。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
It was simply too large ! Due to the vast expanse it was simply impossible to govern all the provenances in a central seat in Rome.
Therefore emperor Diocletian divided the empire into two halfs. Easten which was governed out Byzantinium ( later Constantinople) and the West which was governed in Rome.
Hope i helped.
帝国太过庞大！由于广阔的领土，单靠罗马中心无法有效统治所有的省份。
因此，帝国皇帝戴克里先将帝国分成了两个部分。东部由拜占庭（后来的君士坦丁堡）治理，而西部则由罗马治理。
希望这有所帮助。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Gianluca Pica
There were many reasons, but mainly in that period the Roman Empire was really in danger because it was too large, with many cultures, populations, politacal leaders and generals who tried to obtain more power, economic difficulties and more over...so, the Empire lived a cruel period, in which its borders were in danger due to the Barbarians. So the Emperor Teodosio, after a first political division decided by Diocletian at the beginning of the III century, who created the figures of the two Augustus and their vices, the Caesars, decided the split of the Roman Empire
有许多原因，但在那个时期，罗马帝国面临着严重的危机，因为它过于庞大，涵盖了许多文化、人口、政治领袖和试图获取更多权力的将军们，还有经济困难等问题。帝国的边界由于游牧民族的威胁而处于危险之中。因此，在第三世纪初由戴克里先创建了两位奥古斯都和他们的副手凯撒的政治分工后，皇帝提奥多修斯决定分裂罗马帝国。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
There were many reasons, but mainly in that period the Roman Empire was really in danger because it was too large, with many cultures, populations, politacal leaders and generals who tried to obtain more power, economic difficulties and more over...so, the Empire lived a cruel period, in which its borders were in danger due to the Barbarians. So the Emperor Teodosio, after a first political division decided by Diocletian at the beginning of the III century, who created the figures of the two Augustus and their vices, the Caesars, decided the split of the Roman Empire
有许多原因，但在那个时期，罗马帝国面临着严重的危机，因为它过于庞大，涵盖了许多文化、人口、政治领袖和试图获取更多权力的将军们，还有经济困难等问题。帝国的边界由于游牧民族的威胁而处于危险之中。因此，在第三世纪初由戴克里先创建了两位奥古斯都和他们的副手凯撒的政治分工后，皇帝提奥多修斯决定分裂罗马帝国。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Miguel Corazao
It originally started with Diocletian. During the third century the Empire nearly fell apart because of evening problems. Aurelius pulled the Empire back together and then Diocletian initiated numerous reforms to stabilize the Empire. Among other things he created east/west administrative divisions. It was still one empire but it was led separately by different emperors. Constantine later did away with these divisions. But then Theodosius’ sons reintroduced the split when they inherited the Empire. At that point the two halves of the Empire went their own ways, to the detriment of the Western Empire.
最初起源于戴克里先。在第三世纪，帝国几乎因内外问题而四分五裂。奥雷利乌斯将帝国重新整合，然后戴克里先实施了多项改革以稳定帝国。他创造了东西方的行政分区，尽管仍是一个帝国，但由不同的皇帝分别统治。后来，君士坦丁废除了这些分区。但随后，提奥多修斯的儿子们继承帝国时重新引入了分裂。从那时起，帝国的两个半部分各自为政，这对西部帝国造成了不利影响。
It originally started with Diocletian. During the third century the Empire nearly fell apart because of evening problems. Aurelius pulled the Empire back together and then Diocletian initiated numerous reforms to stabilize the Empire. Among other things he created east/west administrative divisions. It was still one empire but it was led separately by different emperors. Constantine later did away with these divisions. But then Theodosius’ sons reintroduced the split when they inherited the Empire. At that point the two halves of the Empire went their own ways, to the detriment of the Western Empire.
最初起源于戴克里先。在第三世纪，帝国几乎因内外问题而四分五裂。奥雷利乌斯将帝国重新整合，然后戴克里先实施了多项改革以稳定帝国。他创造了东西方的行政分区，尽管仍是一个帝国，但由不同的皇帝分别统治。后来，君士坦丁废除了这些分区。但随后，提奥多修斯的儿子们继承帝国时重新引入了分裂。从那时起，帝国的两个半部分各自为政，这对西部帝国造成了不利影响。
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