网帖翻译

Víctorinox Rush
When slaves have technical skills and knowledge, they possibly survived the population collapse following the fall of the Roman Empire. Rome at its peak had more than 1 million inhabitants, while at the time of its final fall, it had less than 50,000 inhabitants. What it means is that many slaves died in population decline, whether from starvation, disease, or massacre in barbarian invasions. The surviving slaves emerged as a working class, now subject to the laws of feudalism, but with much smaller populations.

当奴隶拥有技术技能和知识时，他们可能在罗马帝国灭亡后的人口崩溃中幸存下来。罗马在鼎盛时期有超过一百万居民，而在其最终灭亡时，居民不到五万人。这意味着许多奴隶在人口减少中丧生，无论是因为饥饿、疾病，还是在游牧民族入侵中被屠杀。幸存下来的奴隶们成为一个工人阶级，现在受封建制度法律的约束，但人口规模大大减少。

Stephen Cunningham
What happenned to Roman slaves following the fall of the Western Roman Empire? What happened to Roman slaves following the fall of the Western Roman Empire? absolutely nothing happened to the slaves following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. the Gauls were not interested in slaves the Gauls were only interested in how muck gold and silver that they could steal from the Western Roman Empire.

西罗马帝国灭亡后，罗马奴隶发生了什么?西罗马帝国灭亡后，罗马奴隶发生了什么?西罗马帝国灭亡后奴隶们什么也没发生。高卢人对奴隶不感兴趣，他们只对能从西罗马帝国偷到多少金银感兴趣。

Audun Nilsen
What you need to understand about this is that the near-death of the book makes any kind of assertion grasping at best, but there’s lot’s to be said at any rate, due to the large power changes that drove both the Latin people and the German people, especially, who were, and always have been, the big, European players in historic times.

关于这一点，你需要理解的是，书籍的几乎消失使得任何断言都充其量是难以抓住的，但无论如何，有很多话题值得讨论，因为引领拉丁人和日耳曼人的重大权力变化，特别是他们，他们在历史时期一直是欧洲的重要角色。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Rome had a vast networks of roads constructed, south and east of the Rhine, and the consequence for slavery was that secrecy became more and more difficult, and so abuse of official powers, equally, became more difficult. The long borders made civility a challenge in the best of times, and under the barracks emperors, relations, as it were, with the Germanic tribes had become so strained that raids were more than frequent; a major battle was seen every five years in the latter half of the third century. No joke to be seen with a big band of P.O.W.s around that time and slaves were, indeed, most frequently taken, from the battlefield!

罗马建设了广阔的道路网络，跨越了莱茵河以南和东部地区。这导致奴隶制度的保密性越来越难以维持，因此滥用官权的行为也变得更加困难。长时间的边境使得在最好的时候也很难保持文明。在兵营皇帝统治时期，与日耳曼部落的关系变得如此紧张，以至于袭击变得非常频繁；在第三世纪后半叶，几乎每五年就会发生一次重大战役。在那个时候，囚犯大部队被关押，奴隶从战场上被最频繁地带走!

A slave was the property of his master, but if you treated your slaves like what they jokingly referred to as mute tools morale would collapse, and none of that mining which Rome was so famous for would be done, so there’s no cause to believe a mature state like the ancient Roman one would have certain types of punishment of slaves as policy (they wrote very few of their laws done). It was a compromise to settle war indemnities, first and foremost, and therefore the shift from Antiquity to the Dark Ages, followed by far fewer battles and outright wars than you may be led to believe from the term, logically is expected to have been followed with a lenience in work culture, accompanied by a smaller output, as indeed we see in the rise in importance of the latifundia; in other words they went from every citizen mainly supporting himself, either directly on his own plot of land, or through a salary in one of the many careers urban life had to offer, to great estates taking care of both justice and production, which means less centralization, less organization and less expediency due to draft. City populations like in ancient times you wouldn’t see for almost 1.000 years, largely because of the Justinians plagues, and the “after-plagues”, as it were, that tend to follow large immunal breakdowns.

奴隶是主人的财产，但如果你把奴隶当作他们开玩笑所说的哑巴工具，士气就会崩溃，罗马著名的采矿就不会进行，所以没有理由相信像古罗马这样成熟的国家会把某些类型的奴隶惩罚作为政策(他们很少写法律)。首先，这是一种解决战争赔偿的妥协，因此从古代到黑暗时代的转变，随之而来的战斗和直接战争比你可能从这个术语中所相信的要少得多，逻辑上预计，随之而来的是工作文化的宽容，伴随着较小的产出，正如我们在大庄园重要性的上升中看到的那样;换句话说，他们从每个公民主要自给自足，要么直接依靠自己的土地，要么通过城市生活提供的许多职业之一的工资，到同时照顾司法和生产的大庄园，这意味着更少的集中，更少的组织，更少的权宜之计，因为征兵。古代的城市人口在1000年后才会出现，这很大程度上是因为查士丁尼瘟疫，以及“灾后瘟疫”，这些瘟疫往往伴随着大规模的免疫系统崩溃。

The cruelty of Rome is certainly exaggerated though though they were exceptionally severe towards P.O.W.s, though they had one ofthe lowest mean ages I’ve ever heard of anywhere in Rome at one stage, but I ca’t remember it, so I won’t state the exact number, and though life in the mines definitely was harsh - it’s exaggerated because the cruelty is one of Us and Them, and that at a time when Them were warriors hell-bent on seizing land by force of arms, and this is also very much so, I believe, because the winners, i.e. the Germans wrote history. Trade and occupational living was very much encouraged, so I think it, truly, is a safe bet to say that their cruelty was reserved for enemies of the natural order of things.

罗马的残酷行为确实有所夸大，尽管他们对囚犯战俘极为严厉，而且在某个阶段，他们的平均寿命在罗马任何地方都是最低的，但我记不清确切的数字，所以不会给出具体的数字。在矿山里的生活确实非常艰苦，但这种残酷行为被夸大了，因为这是我们和他们之间的对立，而在那个时候，他们是决心用武力夺取土地的战士，而且我相信这也非常正确，因为胜利者，即德国人，书写了历史。贸易和职业生活是非常受鼓励的，所以我真心认为，可以肯定地说他们的残酷行为是针对那些反对自然秩序的敌人的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Not to say that life as a day-labourer for a Roman nobleman was fine and dandy all the time, but atleast they had the concept, and you could travel freely within their borders, if only you didn’t venture too far off course. In conclusion then, a natural place for the dying culture of the plantation to have faced it’s last stand is exactly Lindisfarne, founded 635, where it’s not so cold that you can’t grow grapes, and where Irish missionaries, who were well acquainted with the debate, as it were, had been driven out not two hundred years previous;

不是说作为罗马贵族的雇佣工的生活总是美好的，但至少他们有这样的概念，而且你可以在他们的领土内自由行动，只要你不走得太远。因此，可以得出结论，一个自然的地方，种植园文化进行最后的对抗的地方正是创立于公元635年的林底斯法恩，那里不是太冷以至于不能种葡萄，爱尔兰传教士们早已熟悉这种争论，两百年前他们已经被驱逐了。

they eventually christianized the region due to political pressure from the rest of the Anglo-Saxon nation, the king’s argument being that he saw little to no difference what the lables were, as long as they could keep the places of worship, the festivals and the rites, public, human sacrifice excluded. Just a qualified guess. Riga and Trondheim are another two, because they were the last Pagan capitals to fall to the power of the Pope, but I suppose the distance in time and space makes that prospect a rather fanatical one. What’s given, is that Charlemagne was, and still is, recognized as the greatest king Europe ever had, and though he didn’t eradicate slavery, he went to war with the last heathen Germans of any real power on the continent, ultimately leading to their, decisive, downfall in history, on account of a civil war amongst their own, not eighty years afterwards.

他们最终基督教化了该地区，这是因为来自其他盎格鲁-撒克逊国家的政治压力，国王的论点是，他几乎看不出标签有什么区别，只要他们能保持礼拜场所、节日和仪式的公开性，不包括人祭。这只是一个合理的猜测。里加和特隆赫姆是另外两个例子，因为它们是最后两个投降于教皇权威的异教首都，但我想时间和空间的距离使得这种前景变得相当不现实。可以确定的是，查理曼被认为是欧洲有史以来最伟大的国王，尽管他没有根除奴隶制度，他却与欧洲大陆上最后一批具有真正实力的异教德国人作战，最终导致他们在历史上的决定性失败，原因是不到八十年后他们内部的一场内战。

Chris Towner
Very, very difficult, since maybe the life of slaves is one of the least well-recorded in history. Well, maybe we have to start somewhere.

非常困难，因为奴隶生活可能是历史上记录最少的生活之一。也许我们得从某个地方开始说起。

On the whole there was a huge range of how slavery could be quantified in Rome. You might be a close friend and trusted adviser, or work in a mine in Sicily. You might have sold yourself into slavery in order to pay your debts, or have been sold by your parents in similar circumstances. Certain crimes had a punishment of slavery attached. Some slave-owners treated their slaves with respect and consideration, some abused them. Some slaves had wide and significant responsibilities, some were the lowest of the low.

总体而言，在罗马，奴隶制的量化范围非常广泛。你可能是一个亲密的朋友和信任的顾问，也可能在西西里岛的矿山工作。你可能因为债务而自愿成为奴隶，或者像你的父母一样被卖为奴隶。某些罪行的惩罚是奴役。一些奴隶主对待他们的奴隶非常尊重和体贴，而一些则虐待他们。一些奴隶拥有广泛且重要的责任，而一些则处于社会的最低层次。

Remembering how all pervasive was Roman law, inevitably laws regarding slaves was very complex, and the least one can say is that the law tended to lean towards the freeing of slaves, a well-regarded practice. This in itself was, of course, a legal process, carried out by magistrates, and I think under Constantine (so we are approaching ‘the fall of the Roman Empire’) this could be carried out by priests, or at least bishops. I think Constantine set limits around who could be sold into slavery, and established that parents could not sell children, and there was a limit surrounding whether you could sell yourself, or maybe for how long. But interfering with a complex legal structure is not trivial.

罗马法的普及程度让与奴隶有关的法律不可避免地变得非常复杂，至少可以说法律倾向于释放奴隶，这是一种广受推崇的做法。当然，这本身是一个法律程序，由法官执行，我认为在君士坦丁大帝时代（接近“罗马帝国的衰落”），这可能由神职人员，或至少是主教执行。我记得君士坦丁设立了关于谁可以被卖为奴的限制，并规定父母不能卖掉孩子，以及关于自己是否可以出卖自己，或者出卖自己多长时间也有限制。但是干涉一个复杂的法律结构并不是一件简单的事情。

Keep in mind that Rome in the time of Constantine (and elsewhere) was not some sort of monoclonal state and while many Romans were Christian and might have had a different attitude towards slavery than had gone before, many were not and would have pursued much the same customs as they had previously. The law would have sustained that.

请记住，在君士坦丁时代的罗马（以及其他地方），并不是某种单一状态，虽然许多罗马人是基督徒，可能对奴隶制度持有与之前不同的态度，但也有许多人不是基督徒，他们可能会继续遵循与之前相似的习俗。法律会支持这一点。

I realise I’m being very vague, and I have only a very general idea about this. However, in ancient times slavery was a widely acceptable state and it persisted well after the fall of the Empire. It is even arguable that it was as acceptable a state of life as, say, that of a worker in the cotton-mills of Britain in the 19th century, with as much chance of leading a long and comfortable life and watching your children grow.

我意识到我说得很含糊，我对这件事只有一个非常笼统的概念。然而，在古代，奴隶制度是一个广泛被接受的状态，在罗马帝国灭亡后仍然存在。甚至可以争论说，它与19世纪英国棉纺工人的生活状态一样被接受，有同样多的机会过上长寿舒适的生活，看着自己的孩子成长。

Assistant
Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, the fate of Roman slaves varied. Many became serfs, essentially tied to the land they worked on, as the feudal system emerged in Europe. Some were able to gain their freedom through various means, such as buying it or being granted freedom by their masters. Others continued to be enslaved under different rulers or became part of new societies that emerged after the collapse of the Roman Empire.

西罗马帝国于公元476年灭亡后，罗马奴隶的命运各不相同。随着欧洲封建制度的出现，许多人成为了农奴，基本上与他们耕种的土地绑在了一起。一些人通过购买自由或被主人赐予自由等各种手段获得了自由。另一些人在不同统治者的统治下继续被奴役，或成为罗马帝国崩溃后新兴社会的一部分。

David Nitzsche
Some became free, or the German tribes took some as slaves. Others kept working for their old masters. Most of the slaves had no appreciable skills and no prospects- so what choice did they have? It was also the lifestyle they were familiar with. At least, they got room and board by working for their old masters, or others. It was not long until the Church (Roman Catholic) outlawed slavery and their former owners were slowly compelled to pay them- although still very little. As Mr, Gleissner answered, many became serfs (made very little, but they had a little land and a little freedom) . After the Protestants (from the word “protest”) broke away from the Catholic Church, some of the Protestant nations eventually allowed slavery again. Unfortunately, we had race based slavery here in the United States for a time.

有些人变成了自由人，或者德国部落将他们中的一些人当作奴隶。其他人继续为他们的老主人工作。大多数奴隶没有什么可观的技能，也没有前景——所以他们有什么选择呢？这也是他们熟悉的生活方式。至少，通过为他们的老主人或其他人工作，他们得到了食宿。不久之后，罗马天主教会禁止了奴隶制度，他们的前主人逐渐被迫支付他们工资——尽管仍然非常少。正如Gleissner先生所回答的那样，许多人成为农奴（虽然收入很少，但他们拥有一些土地和一些自由）。在新教徒（源自“抗议”一词）从天主教会分裂后，一些新教国家最终重新允许奴隶制度。不幸的是，在美国有一段时间内存在基于种族的奴隶制度。

Boris Camilo Vargas
In answering the question it’s worth taking into account that later legions were quite different to the legions of the early empire. Diocletian's reforms made more legions but they were reduced to about 1000 men. This was probably to curb their political power which contributed to the crisis of the mid 200’s. Further down the line their maintenance also increasingly fell on the governors and more localised resources rather than to the centralized imperial government in Rome. This all led to the imperial army getting pretty fragmented and what legions remained probably got disbanded after the sacking of Rome by the Vandals around 450’sAD. Or got merged into guards and garrison units at Ravenna where the last western roman emperors held their court and final stronghold.

在回答这个问题时，值得考虑到后期的罗马军团与帝国早期的军团有很大不同。戴克里先的改革增加了军团的数量，但将它们减少到大约1000人。这可能是为了限制它们的政治权力，这也是导致公元200年代中期危机的因素之一。随着时间的推移，军团的维护责任也越来越多地落在各省总督和更加本地化的资源上，而不是集中在罗马的帝国政府手中。所有这些因素导致帝国军队相当分裂，残存的军团在公元450年左右被凯尔特人破坏了罗马后解散，或者被合并到在拉文纳的卫队和驻军单位中，那里是西罗马帝国最后的皇帝举行法庭和最后的堡垒。

Other than the Ravenna garrison forces, the rest of the now barely roman army was made up of Germanic foederati troops who were formerly auxiliaries but now became the main military force. These troops and their warlord commanders were nominally subjects and soldiers of the western empire but in reality they followed their own agendas until in 476 they decided they didn’t need an emperor anymore. After defeating the Ravenna garrison (which were among the last actual roman troops) they deposed the last Roman Emperor Romulus Augustulus under the pretence that he was a usurper against what they considered the last legitimate emperor, Julius Nepos.

除了拉文纳驻军外，现在几乎成为罗马军队的其余部分由日耳曼结盟军组成，他们曾经是辅助军，但现在成为主要军事力量。这些军队及其军阀指挥官名义上是西罗马帝国的臣民和士兵，但实际上他们追随自己的议程，直到476年他们决定不再需要皇帝。在击败拉文纳驻军（他们是最后的真正罗马军队之一）后，他们废黜了最后的罗马皇帝罗穆路斯·奥古斯都，理由是他是他们认为的最后一位合法皇帝尤利乌斯·内波斯的篡位者。

In the east some legions continued to exist for a time, as can be seen with Legio V Macedonica which was mentioned in a record from the 600’s AD. But the name fell out of favour and then stopped being used as the army had evolved into more specific troop types with different designations.

在东部，一些军团继续存在一段时间，例如在公元600年左右的记录中提到的第五马其顿军团（Legio V Macedonica）。但这个名称渐渐不再流行，并且随着军队演变为具有不同称号的更具体的部队类型，这个名称也停止使用了。