英国毕业生在“疯狂”的就业市场中挣扎:“就像把自己扔向一堵墙”
2024-09-02 jiangye111 4280
正文翻译
‘Like throwing myself at a wall’: UK graduates struggle in ‘insane’ job market
-‘Hostile and impersonal’ process to find first job after university leads many to work for minimum wage

英国毕业生在“疯狂”的就业市场中挣扎:“就像把自己扔向一堵墙”
——大学毕业后找第一份工作的过程“充满敌意和缺乏人情味”,导致许多人只能拿最低工资


(More than 30% of graduates aged 21-30 were in non-graduate work or unemployed last year.)

(去年,年龄在21-30岁之间的毕业生中,有超过30%的人在从事非毕业生工作或失业。)
新闻:

"The job market is so insane right now. I’ve got work experience and internships from the UK, Paris and Hong Kong. I’ve taken courses, networked and am working in an admin job to try to get more skills, after no luck with applications.”

“现在的就业市场太疯狂了。我在英国、巴黎和香港(特区)都有工作经验和实习经历。我参加了一些课程,参加了社交活动,并在一份行政工作中努力获得更多的技能,但在申请方面运气不佳。”

Having graduated from the University of Oxford with a first class BA in English and French last year, Emma*, a 23-year-old from London, said she has been on the hunt for a graduate job in publishing and adjacent industries since. She is now sending out five applications a week, alongside a full-time job, and has so far secured just four interviews and an offer of a minimum wage internship – which was retracted.

去年,23岁的艾玛*从牛津大学毕业,获得了英语和法语专业的一等学士学位。来自伦敦的艾玛*表示,从那时起,她就一直在寻找出版及相关行业的毕业生工作。她现在每周发出五份求职申请,同时还有一份全职工作,到目前为止,她只获得了四次面试和一份最低工资的实习工作——这份工作后来被撤回了。

“My parents’ idea of ‘if you work hard, you’ll get what you want’ doesn’t really work any more. The older generations’ expectation that if you’ve got a ‘good degree and good skills you’ll be fine’ is just no longer tenable. I feel like I’m throwing myself at a brick wall.”

“我父母那种‘只要你努力,你就会得到你想要的’的想法已经不再奏效了。老一辈人认为,只要你有一个好学位和好技能,你就会很好,这种期望已经站不住脚了。我觉得我是在把自己扔向一堵砖墙(四处碰壁)。”

Emma was one of dozens of recent university leavers from across the UK who shared their struggles to secure their first graduate job, in response to an online call-out by the Guardian.

艾玛是最近英国各地几十名大学毕业生中的一员,他们响应《卫报》在网上的呼吁,分享了他们如何找到第一份大学毕业后的工作。

Graduates described “soul-destroying” job hunts in many apparently saturated fields spanning months or even years, companies that had “ghosted” applicants who had completed online assessments or taken months to respond, and being unable to land jobs they felt they were overqualified for.

毕业生们描述说,在许多明显饱和的领域,他们的求职经历“摧毁灵魂”,时间跨度长达数月甚至数年,公司“隐去”那些完成了在线评估或花了数月时间才回复的求职者,并且他们无法找到甚至觉得自己大材小用的那些工作。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Even respondents who had graduated with a first class degree, often from prestigious universities, and even in subjects such as engineering, computing, cybersecurity or other STEM sectors thought to be crying out for skilled workers, said they had been sending dozens or even hundreds of applications without getting an interview.

即使是拥有一流学位的受访者(通常来自名牌大学),甚至是工程、计算机、网络安全或其他被认为急需技术工人的理工科领域的受访者,也表示他们已经发出了数十份甚至数百份申请,但却没有得到面试机会。

Although most UK students find jobs not long after leaving university – with 61% of those who graduated in 2022 having gained full-time work 15 months later – many of them will find non-graduate work only: according to the Office for National Statistics, last year just 60.4% of graduates living in England aged 21-30 were in “high-skilled” work, while 26.4% of this group were in medium or low-skilled employment and 5.5% unemployed.

尽管大多数英国学生在大学毕业后不久就找到了工作——2022年毕业的人中有61%在15个月后找到了全职工作——但他们中的许多人只会找到不需要学位毕业的工作:根据英国国家统计局的数据,去年,在21-30岁的英国毕业生中,只有60.4%的人从事“高技能”工作,而这一群体中有26.4%的人从事中等或低技能工作,5.5%的人失业。

About half of the recent graduates who got in touch said they had taken non-graduate jobs in hospitality, retail, administration, call centres, supply teaching or in temporary positions on the minimum wage to keep afloat. Many said that jobs labelled as “entry level” positions usually require at least one, and often several, years of professional experience.

在接受采访的应届毕业生中,约有一半的人表示,为了维持生计,他们在酒店、零售、行政、呼叫中心、供应教学等行业从事了不需要学位毕业的工作,或者从事了领最低工资的临时工作。许多人表示,被贴上“入门级”标签的职位通常需要至少一年,甚至几年的专业经验。

Various people reported that they had been unaware how important practical experience was to recruiters, or that they had simply been unable to find a placement in a relevant industry or lacked the funds to support themselves through an unpaid internship, citing the high cost of living as a significant factor.

许多人表示,他们没有意识到实践经验对招聘人员来说有多重要,或者他们只是无法在相关行业找到工作,或者缺乏资金来支持自己进行无薪实习,他们认为高昂的生活成本是一个重要因素。

“It’s been really tough,” said a 21-year-old from Suffolk, who has been unable to find graduate work. “I wish I’d known how important placements were – I had to drop my placement year as I couldn’t find any placements to apply to. There were a couple but I couldn’t afford commuting to London to then work for free.”

“这真的很艰难,”一位21岁的萨福克人说,他一直找不到毕业工作。“我希望我能知道实习有多重要——我不得不放弃实习一年,因为我找不到任何可以申请的实习。有几个岗位,但我负担不起通勤到伦敦去白干活的成本。”

One 25-year-old modern languages and literature graduate from Edinburgh, who is now working in hospitality, after failing to secure a single interview from more than 50 job applications sent in recent months, said: “The competition is extreme. I may have found employment more quickly and easily if I had taken a vocational degree and put my interests to one side.”

爱丁堡大学一名25岁的现代语言文学专业毕业生目前在酒店业工作。近几个月来,他发送了50多份求职申请,但一次面试都没有获得,他说:“竞争非常激烈。如果我拿一个职业学位,放弃个人兴趣,我可能会更快更容易找到工作。”

Of the respondents who had been successful, many said their best advice for students was to contact their university’s careers service, to gain as much practical experience as possible before, during and after their degree, and to pick up additional skills.

在获得成功的受访者中,许多人表示,他们给学生最好的建议是联系学校的就业服务中心,在获得学位之前、期间和之后尽可能多地获得实践经验,并学习额外的技能。

Noah, 23, a data analyst from Norwich, said he found his £36,000-a-year job because he had taught himself the coding language Python during his international relations and modern history BA, and subsequently applied for graduate schemes at two large software engineering companies.

诺亚今年23岁,是诺里奇的一名数据分析师,他说他找到这份年薪3.6万英镑的工作是因为他在攻读国际关系和现代史学士学位期间自学了编程语言Python,随后他申请了两家大型软件工程公司的毕业生计划。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


“Although I didn’t necessarily have the skills they expected for a software engineer, Python gave me a bit of an edge, and my now manager picked up that I was easy to get along and work with in a team,” he said.

他说:“虽然我不一定具备他们所期望的软件工程师的技能,但Python给了我一点优势,我现在的经理发现我很容易相处,也很容易在团队中合作。”

Several respondents from overseas said they had all but given up on the search and were likely to return, or had already returned, home to countries such as Poland and Italy, where they felt they may have better chances.

几名来自海外的受访者表示,他们几乎已经放弃了搜寻,可能会返回或已经返回波兰和意大利等国,他们觉得在那里可能有更好的机会。

Scores of graduates cited frustrations with time-consuming applications recruiters rarely responded to, and many felt that it mattered more “to know the right people” or to possess insider knowledge than to meet the formal job criteria.

许多毕业生表示,他们对耗时的求职申请感到沮丧,招聘者很少回应,许多人认为,“认识合适的人”或掌握内幕知识比达到正式的工作标准更重要。

Notably, graduates looking for work in the arts, design and humanities said they had found it impossible to find graduate work without connections.

值得注意的是,寻找艺术、设计和人文学科工作的毕业生表示,他们发现没有人脉就不可能找到毕业工作。

Gabriel, 25, a history and English graduate from London, sent 500 applications and, after being rejected from more than 20 internships for being “overqualified”, he finally landed a £25,000-a-year admin job thanks to “secondhand nepotism”, he said.

加布里埃尔今年25岁,毕业于伦敦的历史和英语专业,他投了500份申请,在20多个实习岗位因“资历过高”而被拒绝后,他说,由于“二手裙带关系”,他最终找到了一份年薪2.5万英镑的行政工作。

“It’s all based on referrals,” Gabriel said. “There’s just too many people looking for entry-level jobs.”

加布里埃尔说:“这一切都是基于(人脉)推荐。找初级工作的人太多了。”

Despite recruiters’ claims that there is strong demand for highly skilled workers, employers on average received 86 applications for each graduate vacancy in 2023, up 23% on the previous year, according to a report by the Institute of Student Employers. Yet, 54% of employers told the survey that they found it difficult to recruit at least one of their graduate roles – an 11% increase – suggesting that there is an oversupply of graduate workers lacking relevant skills. Employers also appear reluctant to take on or train young staff amid a fragile economic climate.

尽管招聘人员声称对高技能工人的需求强劲,但根据学生雇主协会的一份报告,到2023年,雇主平均每个毕业生职位空缺收到86份申请,比前一年增加了23%。然而,54%的雇主在调查中表示,他们发现很难招聘到至少一名毕业生,这一比例增加了11%,这表明缺乏相关技能的毕业生工人供过于求。在脆弱的经济环境下,雇主似乎也不愿聘用或培训年轻员工。

Total UK employer investment in skills has been in steep decline, having fallen 19% for each employee, in real terms, between 2011 and 2022. There have been even sharper declines in larger businesses (-35%) and primary (-44%), and public (-38%) service sectors, leading to an underequipped workforce and employers struggling to fill vacancies, despite steady growth in graduate numbers.

英国雇主在技能方面的总投资急剧下降,在2011年至2022年期间,每位员工的实际投资下降了19%。大型企业(-35%)、初级(-44%)和公共服务部门(-38%)的降幅更大,导致劳动力装备不足,雇主难以填补职位空缺,尽管毕业生人数稳步增长。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


With graduate jobs increasingly concentrated in London, 42% of university-educated workers outside the city now work in a job that does not require a degree, up from 31% in 1993. The share is highest in Lincolnshire and Cumbria, where more than half of graduates work in non-graduate jobs (58% and 52%), according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies.

随着毕业生工作越来越多地集中在伦敦,42%在伦敦以外受过大学教育的人现在从事不需要学位的工作,而1993年这一比例为31%。这一比例在林肯郡和坎布里亚郡最高,根据财政研究所的数据,这两个地区超过一半的毕业生从事不需要大学文凭的工作(58%和52%)。

Some of those respondents whose parents lived in London said they were able to stay with them while job hunting, while others reported having to return to their home towns as they lacked the funds to search for graduate work in bigger cities.

一些父母住在伦敦的受访者表示,他们可以在找工作的时候和父母住在一起,而另一些人则表示,由于缺乏资金在大城市找毕业生工作,他们不得不回到家乡。

A number of people said they had, in desperation, enrolled in master’s degrees or even PhDs because they had been unable to find gainful employment after graduation.

许多人说,他们在绝望中攻读硕士学位甚至博士学位,因为他们毕业后找不到有收入的工作。

Several respondents said they had big concerns about potentially discriminatory AI tools aiding recruiters in their sextion of candidates, and many complained about having to film awkward video interviews that did not allow them to present themselves naturally.

一些受访者表示,他们非常担心人工智能工具在帮助招聘人员挑选候选人时可能存在歧视性,许多人抱怨不得不拍摄尴尬的视频面试,这让他们无法自然地展示自己。

Joshua Morgan, 30, from Tarbolton, South Ayrshire, who managed to find a job as a power systems consultant, said he is very happy after graduating with an MSc in renewable energy systems technology last year, but he is concerned that the recruitment systems he encountered were “geared so much against people coming in”.

30岁的约书亚·摩根来自南艾尔郡塔博尔顿,他成功地找到了一份电力系统顾问的工作。他说,去年获得可再生能源系统技术硕士学位后,他非常高兴,但他担心,他遇到的招聘系统“太排斥新人了”。

“Getting through that initial sift is so much harder now than it was. Amazing people from my course are still looking [for jobs] because automatic filters don’t allow people to show you their worth,” he said.

“现在通过最初的筛选比以前困难多了。我这门课上的优秀学生仍在找(工作),因为自动筛选不允许人们向你展示他们的价值,”他说。

“I applied to 150 jobs over several months with a 10% success rate for interviewing. Just sending that many tailored CVs and cover letters into a void is soul-destroying and I’m one of the lucky ones who landed a job in the industry I wanted in a relatively small amount of time.”

“我在几个月内申请了150份工作,面试成功率为10%。把那么多量身定制的简历和求职信投到一个空缺的职位上简直是在毁灭自己的灵魂。我是在相对较短的时间内就在我想要的行业找到工作的幸运儿之一。”

Application processes for graduate schemes in particular had been, in his experience, “hostile, impersonal and condescending”.

根据他的经验,毕业生计划的申请程序尤其“充满敌意、没有人情味和居高临下”。

He added: “Employers know they have a lot of choice and many treat you poorly in the application process because of it. It’s very depressing.”

他补充说:“雇主知道他们有很多备选,因此很多在申请过程中对你很糟糕。这非常令人沮丧。”

评论翻译
refugeefromlixedin
The problem sounds pretty self evident. Every employer wants someone with pre-existing skills but no one’s willing to offer any training.

这个问题听起来不言自明。每个雇主都想要一个既有技能的人,但没有人愿意提供任何培训。

Mald1z1
Companies in the UK seem to be allergic to investing. They do not want to invest in anything including their own staff.

英国的公司似乎对投资过敏。它们不想投资任何东西,包括它们自己的员工。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Flat_Marzipan_78
I believe this is because people jump ship so quickly nowadays that companies feel like it’s a waste to train them, just for them to leave.

我相信这是因为现在人们跳槽太快了,公司觉得培训他们是一种浪费,只是为了让他们离开。

Mao_was_rightWales
An inevitable result of globalism and the post study work visa. Immobile graduates from working class areas are finished as they're competing against the rest of the world.

这就是全球化和毕业后工作签证的必然结果。来自工人阶级地区的不流动毕业生在与世界其他地区的竞争中已经被击败了。

lookatmeman
Globalism the art of making poor people in rich countries poorer and rich people in poor countries richer.

全球化是让富国的穷人更穷,让穷国的富人更富的艺术。

mumwifealcoholic
I regularly deal with graduates as part of my job. Too many are entitled, sorry. Too many have never held a job and believe their degree lets them skip the shite jobs. I note the ones who’ve held jobs prior to or during Uni are much more employable. One girl told me she didn’t go to university to make copies.

我经常和毕业生打交道,这是我工作的一部分。太多人有应聘资格了,抱歉。太多的人从来没有工作过,认为他们的学位可以让他们跳过那些糟糕的工作。我注意到那些在大学之前或大学期间有过工作的人更容易被雇佣。一个女孩告诉我,她上大学不是为了复印文档。

Ryanhussain14
When I interviewed for a data engineering job, I spent far more time talking about the few months I spent working in a halal food shop than the year I spent studying a masters in mathematical finance. I passed the interview.
Having a job is a whole different beast to being a student. You can’t skip shifts, you can’t ask for extensions, you have to be way more professional in your interactions, you have to adhere to hierarchy, etc. Uni doesn’t teach you those. Granted, I still think the job market is in the shitter.

当我面试一份数据工程的工作时,我花了更多的时间谈论我在一家清真食品商店工作的几个月,而不是我在数学金融硕士学位上学习的一年。我通过了面试。
工作和当学生完全是两码事。你不能翘班,不能要求加班,你必须在人际交往中表现得更专业,你必须遵守等级制度,等等。大学不会教你这些。当然,我还是觉得就业市场很糟糕。

Expensive_Rub5564
Uni is not the only way. There’s other ways if uni is not for you. I tell people this a lot.
I went along the apprenticeship route, got a job at end of it and now earn a comfortable salary.

上大学并不是唯一的出路。如果你不适合上大学,还有别的出路。我经常这样告诉别人。
我沿着学徒之路走下去,最后找到了一份工作,现在收入不菲。

JayR_97
It was the same when I left uni 10 years ago. I must have applied to literally 500+ jobs before getting something. The graduate job market just sucks in general

十年前我离开大学的时候也是这样。我申请了500多份工作才找到工作。总的来说,毕业生就业市场糟透了

Phil_rick
It took me about 4 years after graduating to get an engineering job. Always wished I applied myself to finding internships and doing more social networking by just sending out emails with a wide net.
As having a 3rd with experience and connections beats having a 1st with no experience and no connections.
Most companies do not want to provide training and will actively seek out a experienced professional than hire a graduate and train them up at a fraction of the cost.

毕业后,我花了大约4年的时间才找到一份工程工作。我一直希望自己能多找些实习机会,多搞些社交活动,多发些电子邮件。
因为有经验和关系的第三名胜过没有经验和关系的第一名。
大多数公司不愿意提供培训,它们会积极寻找有经验的专业人士,而不是雇佣一个毕业生,然后用一小部分成本对他们进行培训。

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