历史学家表示，一项调查显示，英国对其过去的自豪感正在丧失，这令人鼓舞
正文翻译
Survey showing UK’s loss of pride in its past is encouraging, says historian
-Public choosing ‘Shakespeare over invasion’ and becoming more discerning about Britain’s history, says Alan Lester
历史学家表示，一项调查显示，英国对其过去的自豪感正在丧失，这令人鼓舞
——艾伦·莱斯特说，公众选择“莎士比亚而非入侵”，对英国历史的认识也越来越敏锐
(A production of Shakespeare’s Henry V at the Globe theatre.)
（在环球剧院上演的莎士比亚的《亨利五世》。）
新闻：
A striking fall in pride in Britain’s history, but widespread support for the arts, shows the public are choosing “Shakespeare over invasion, exploitation and occupation”, a leading historian has said.
一位著名的历史学家说，英国人对历史的自豪感急剧下降，但对艺术的广泛支持表明，公众正在选择“莎士比亚而不是侵略、剥削和占领”。
The findings from the British Social Attitudes survey, published this week, show that while levels of pride in Britain’s achievements in sport and the arts remained high over the past decade, there was a 22-point fall in the proportion of people saying they were proud of Britain’s history.
本周公布的英国社会态度调查结果显示，尽管过去10年英国人对体育和艺术成就的自豪感仍然很高，但表示对英国历史感到自豪的人的比例下降了22个百分点。
Prof Alan Lester, the editor of a new book on empire featuring guest essays from the eminent historian Liam J Liburd and the journalist Sathnam Sanghera, described the results as an “encouraging sign” that the public were becoming more discerning about Britain’s past.
艾伦·莱斯特教授是一本关于帝国的新书的编辑，该书收录了著名历史学家利亚姆·J·利伯德和记者萨特南·桑赫拉的客座文章。莱斯特将调查结果描述为一个“令人鼓舞的迹象”，表明公众对英国的过去越来越有洞察力。
“It shows an awareness that history is complicated, that Britons have done both admirable things and deplorable things in the past, and we need to break down history into the kinds of things that we see as sources of pride and those which we need to move beyond.”
“这表明人们意识到历史是复杂的，英国人在过去做过令人钦佩的事情，也做过令人遗憾的事情，我们需要把历史分解成我们认为值得骄傲的事情和我们需要超越的事情。”
He credits this shift in public consciousness to the Black Lives Matter movement and Britain’s changing demographics.
他将公众意识的转变归功于“黑命贵”运动和英国人口结构的变化。
The demonstrations that erupted in the US in 2020 after a white police officer killed George Floyd were a catalyst for the largest wave of anti-racism protests in British history, taking place in more than 260 towns and cities that summer.
2020年，一名白人警察杀害乔治·弗洛伊德后，美国爆发了示威活动，引发了英国历史上最大规模的反种族主义抗议浪潮，那年夏天在260多个城镇发生。
Statues of slave traders, such as Edward Colston’s in Bristol, were toppled, streets renamed, and venerable British institutions such as the Bank of England were forced to reckon with their ties to the slave trade.
像布里斯托尔的爱德华·科尔斯顿这样的奴隶贩子的雕像被推倒，街道被重新命名，英格兰银行等可敬的英国机构被迫考虑与奴隶贸易的关系。
“Black Lives Matter helped to crystallise the issue of slavery, antislavery, and ongoing racism in British society,” said Lester.
莱斯特说：“‘黑命贵’有助于将奴隶制、反奴隶制和英国社会中持续存在的种族主义问题具体化。”
“There is still pride, virtually unchanged since the last survey, in artistic and cultural achievement, and in sporting achievements. And what that suggests to me is discernment about how we look back on our past; that we’re choosing Shakespeare over invasion, exploitation and occupation.”
“自上次调查以来，在艺术和文化成就以及体育成就方面，人们仍然感到自豪。这对我来说是一种洞察力——关于我们如何回顾我们的过去；我们选择莎士比亚而不是侵略、剥削和占领。”
Lester, the editor of the new book The Truth About Empire: Real Histories of British Colonialism, believes some of this trend is also down to the UK becoming more ethnically diverse since the last survey. Those who are descendants of people who were enslaved or colonised by Britain may have a different relationship to its past than many other British people.
莱斯特是新书《帝国的真相：英国殖民主义的真实历史》的编辑，他认为，这种趋势的部分原因还在于，自上次调查以来，英国变得更加种族多样化。那些被英国奴役或殖民的人的后代可能与许多其他英国人有着不同的过去关系。
Others have suggested that the decline in the number of people alive today who lived through or fought in the second world war may have also contributed to the drop in pride in Britain’s past.
还有人认为，经历过二战或参加过二战的人越来越少，这可能也是英国人对过去的自豪感下降的原因之一。
But Lester believes this would have had a minimal impact, as the survey show a decline across age demographics and a broader shift in public consciousness, “thanks, in no small part, to the activism of Black Lives Matter and others who keep drawing our attention to the complexities of the past”.
但莱斯特认为，这只会产生很小的影响，因为调查显示，各个年龄段的人口统计数据都在下降，公众意识也在发生更广泛的转变，“这在很大程度上要归功于‘黑命贵’运动的积极行动，以及其他一直让我们关注过去的复杂性的人”。
The Black Lives Matter movement was met by a ferocious response from the right, who attacked protesters and historians alike for interrogating Britain’s imperial past. Lester said: “Sathnam Sanghera wrote the foreword for The Truth About Empire, in which he talks about how unacceptable it is that we’ve reached this stage of fervent denialism about the past, and such a fervour about Britishness and patriotism, that historians just doing their job are being called woke and attacked.”
“黑命贵”运动遭到了右翼的激烈回应，他们攻击抗议者和历史学家质疑英国帝国的过去。莱斯特说：“萨特南·桑赫拉为《帝国的真相》写了前言，他在前言中谈到，我们已经到了狂热否认过去的阶段，对英国人和爱国主义如此狂热，以至于历史学家只是在做他们的工作，却被称为觉醒和攻击，这是多么不可接受。”
The historian David Olusoga had to employ a bodyguard at some speaking events; Prof Corinne Fowler, who co-authored a report for the National Trust in 2019, was often forced to call police for protection, and Sanghera stopped doing public events with adults due to the severity of the abuse he received on a regular basis.
历史学家大卫·奥卢索加不得不在一些演讲活动中雇佣保镖；科琳·福勒教授是2019年国民信托基金会的一份报告的合著者，他经常被迫打电话给警察寻求保护，桑赫拉也因为经常受到严重的辱骂而不再和成年人一起参加公共活动。
The survey also showed a decline in the proportion of people who believed that Britain was better than most other countries, or that people should support their country even if it was in the wrong.
调查还显示，认为英国比大多数其他国家好，或者认为即使自己的国家做错了，人们也应该支持它的人的比例有所下降。
People were also less likely to express pride in Britain’s democracy, its economic achievements and its political influence in the world.
人们也不太可能对英国的民主、经济成就和在世界上的政治影响力表示自豪。
While the report authors note these survey results have happened despite Brexit and the toxic debates around immigration, Lester suggested they might be a reaction to it.
尽管报告作者指出，尽管英国脱欧和围绕移民的激烈辩论仍出现了这些调查结果，但莱斯特认为，这可能是对脱欧的一种反应。
“Pride in the British political system and pride in the British economy have both taken a big hit. I suspect that’s because of disillusionment directly as a result of Brexit,” he said.
“对英国政治体系的自豪感和对英国经济的自豪感都受到了重创。我怀疑这是因为英国脱欧直接导致的幻灭感，”他说。
“People have simply had enough of what Brexit has done to Britishness, to the identity of Britishness and to the reputation of Britain overseas, and they’ve had enough of the hatred and the bile being directed towards people seeking asylum.”
“人们已经受够了脱欧对英国特性、英国身份的认同和英国在海外的声誉所造成的影响，他们已经受够了针对寻求庇护者的仇恨和愤怒。”
-Public choosing ‘Shakespeare over invasion’ and becoming more discerning about Britain’s history, says Alan Lester
历史学家表示，一项调查显示，英国对其过去的自豪感正在丧失，这令人鼓舞
——艾伦·莱斯特说，公众选择“莎士比亚而非入侵”，对英国历史的认识也越来越敏锐
(A production of Shakespeare’s Henry V at the Globe theatre.)
（在环球剧院上演的莎士比亚的《亨利五世》。）
新闻：
A striking fall in pride in Britain’s history, but widespread support for the arts, shows the public are choosing “Shakespeare over invasion, exploitation and occupation”, a leading historian has said.
一位著名的历史学家说，英国人对历史的自豪感急剧下降，但对艺术的广泛支持表明，公众正在选择“莎士比亚而不是侵略、剥削和占领”。
The findings from the British Social Attitudes survey, published this week, show that while levels of pride in Britain’s achievements in sport and the arts remained high over the past decade, there was a 22-point fall in the proportion of people saying they were proud of Britain’s history.
本周公布的英国社会态度调查结果显示，尽管过去10年英国人对体育和艺术成就的自豪感仍然很高，但表示对英国历史感到自豪的人的比例下降了22个百分点。
Prof Alan Lester, the editor of a new book on empire featuring guest essays from the eminent historian Liam J Liburd and the journalist Sathnam Sanghera, described the results as an “encouraging sign” that the public were becoming more discerning about Britain’s past.
艾伦·莱斯特教授是一本关于帝国的新书的编辑，该书收录了著名历史学家利亚姆·J·利伯德和记者萨特南·桑赫拉的客座文章。莱斯特将调查结果描述为一个“令人鼓舞的迹象”，表明公众对英国的过去越来越有洞察力。
“It shows an awareness that history is complicated, that Britons have done both admirable things and deplorable things in the past, and we need to break down history into the kinds of things that we see as sources of pride and those which we need to move beyond.”
“这表明人们意识到历史是复杂的，英国人在过去做过令人钦佩的事情，也做过令人遗憾的事情，我们需要把历史分解成我们认为值得骄傲的事情和我们需要超越的事情。”
He credits this shift in public consciousness to the Black Lives Matter movement and Britain’s changing demographics.
他将公众意识的转变归功于“黑命贵”运动和英国人口结构的变化。
The demonstrations that erupted in the US in 2020 after a white police officer killed George Floyd were a catalyst for the largest wave of anti-racism protests in British history, taking place in more than 260 towns and cities that summer.
2020年，一名白人警察杀害乔治·弗洛伊德后，美国爆发了示威活动，引发了英国历史上最大规模的反种族主义抗议浪潮，那年夏天在260多个城镇发生。
Statues of slave traders, such as Edward Colston’s in Bristol, were toppled, streets renamed, and venerable British institutions such as the Bank of England were forced to reckon with their ties to the slave trade.
像布里斯托尔的爱德华·科尔斯顿这样的奴隶贩子的雕像被推倒，街道被重新命名，英格兰银行等可敬的英国机构被迫考虑与奴隶贸易的关系。
“Black Lives Matter helped to crystallise the issue of slavery, antislavery, and ongoing racism in British society,” said Lester.
莱斯特说：“‘黑命贵’有助于将奴隶制、反奴隶制和英国社会中持续存在的种族主义问题具体化。”
“There is still pride, virtually unchanged since the last survey, in artistic and cultural achievement, and in sporting achievements. And what that suggests to me is discernment about how we look back on our past; that we’re choosing Shakespeare over invasion, exploitation and occupation.”
“自上次调查以来，在艺术和文化成就以及体育成就方面，人们仍然感到自豪。这对我来说是一种洞察力——关于我们如何回顾我们的过去；我们选择莎士比亚而不是侵略、剥削和占领。”
Lester, the editor of the new book The Truth About Empire: Real Histories of British Colonialism, believes some of this trend is also down to the UK becoming more ethnically diverse since the last survey. Those who are descendants of people who were enslaved or colonised by Britain may have a different relationship to its past than many other British people.
莱斯特是新书《帝国的真相：英国殖民主义的真实历史》的编辑，他认为，这种趋势的部分原因还在于，自上次调查以来，英国变得更加种族多样化。那些被英国奴役或殖民的人的后代可能与许多其他英国人有着不同的过去关系。
Others have suggested that the decline in the number of people alive today who lived through or fought in the second world war may have also contributed to the drop in pride in Britain’s past.
还有人认为，经历过二战或参加过二战的人越来越少，这可能也是英国人对过去的自豪感下降的原因之一。
But Lester believes this would have had a minimal impact, as the survey show a decline across age demographics and a broader shift in public consciousness, “thanks, in no small part, to the activism of Black Lives Matter and others who keep drawing our attention to the complexities of the past”.
但莱斯特认为，这只会产生很小的影响，因为调查显示，各个年龄段的人口统计数据都在下降，公众意识也在发生更广泛的转变，“这在很大程度上要归功于‘黑命贵’运动的积极行动，以及其他一直让我们关注过去的复杂性的人”。
The Black Lives Matter movement was met by a ferocious response from the right, who attacked protesters and historians alike for interrogating Britain’s imperial past. Lester said: “Sathnam Sanghera wrote the foreword for The Truth About Empire, in which he talks about how unacceptable it is that we’ve reached this stage of fervent denialism about the past, and such a fervour about Britishness and patriotism, that historians just doing their job are being called woke and attacked.”
“黑命贵”运动遭到了右翼的激烈回应，他们攻击抗议者和历史学家质疑英国帝国的过去。莱斯特说：“萨特南·桑赫拉为《帝国的真相》写了前言，他在前言中谈到，我们已经到了狂热否认过去的阶段，对英国人和爱国主义如此狂热，以至于历史学家只是在做他们的工作，却被称为觉醒和攻击，这是多么不可接受。”
The historian David Olusoga had to employ a bodyguard at some speaking events; Prof Corinne Fowler, who co-authored a report for the National Trust in 2019, was often forced to call police for protection, and Sanghera stopped doing public events with adults due to the severity of the abuse he received on a regular basis.
历史学家大卫·奥卢索加不得不在一些演讲活动中雇佣保镖；科琳·福勒教授是2019年国民信托基金会的一份报告的合著者，他经常被迫打电话给警察寻求保护，桑赫拉也因为经常受到严重的辱骂而不再和成年人一起参加公共活动。
The survey also showed a decline in the proportion of people who believed that Britain was better than most other countries, or that people should support their country even if it was in the wrong.
调查还显示，认为英国比大多数其他国家好，或者认为即使自己的国家做错了，人们也应该支持它的人的比例有所下降。
People were also less likely to express pride in Britain’s democracy, its economic achievements and its political influence in the world.
人们也不太可能对英国的民主、经济成就和在世界上的政治影响力表示自豪。
While the report authors note these survey results have happened despite Brexit and the toxic debates around immigration, Lester suggested they might be a reaction to it.
尽管报告作者指出，尽管英国脱欧和围绕移民的激烈辩论仍出现了这些调查结果，但莱斯特认为，这可能是对脱欧的一种反应。
“Pride in the British political system and pride in the British economy have both taken a big hit. I suspect that’s because of disillusionment directly as a result of Brexit,” he said.
“对英国政治体系的自豪感和对英国经济的自豪感都受到了重创。我怀疑这是因为英国脱欧直接导致的幻灭感，”他说。
“People have simply had enough of what Brexit has done to Britishness, to the identity of Britishness and to the reputation of Britain overseas, and they’ve had enough of the hatred and the bile being directed towards people seeking asylum.”
“人们已经受够了脱欧对英国特性、英国身份的认同和英国在海外的声誉所造成的影响，他们已经受够了针对寻求庇护者的仇恨和愤怒。”
评论翻译
Survey showing UK’s loss of pride in its past is encouraging, says historian
-Public choosing ‘Shakespeare over invasion’ and becoming more discerning about Britain’s history, says Alan Lester
历史学家表示，一项调查显示，英国对其过去的自豪感正在丧失，这令人鼓舞
——艾伦·莱斯特说，公众选择“莎士比亚而非入侵”，对英国历史的认识也越来越敏锐
(A production of Shakespeare’s Henry V at the Globe theatre.)
（在环球剧院上演的莎士比亚的《亨利五世》。）
新闻：
A striking fall in pride in Britain’s history, but widespread support for the arts, shows the public are choosing “Shakespeare over invasion, exploitation and occupation”, a leading historian has said.
一位著名的历史学家说，英国人对历史的自豪感急剧下降，但对艺术的广泛支持表明，公众正在选择“莎士比亚而不是侵略、剥削和占领”。
The findings from the British Social Attitudes survey, published this week, show that while levels of pride in Britain’s achievements in sport and the arts remained high over the past decade, there was a 22-point fall in the proportion of people saying they were proud of Britain’s history.
本周公布的英国社会态度调查结果显示，尽管过去10年英国人对体育和艺术成就的自豪感仍然很高，但表示对英国历史感到自豪的人的比例下降了22个百分点。
Prof Alan Lester, the editor of a new book on empire featuring guest essays from the eminent historian Liam J Liburd and the journalist Sathnam Sanghera, described the results as an “encouraging sign” that the public were becoming more discerning about Britain’s past.
艾伦·莱斯特教授是一本关于帝国的新书的编辑，该书收录了著名历史学家利亚姆·J·利伯德和记者萨特南·桑赫拉的客座文章。莱斯特将调查结果描述为一个“令人鼓舞的迹象”，表明公众对英国的过去越来越有洞察力。
“It shows an awareness that history is complicated, that Britons have done both admirable things and deplorable things in the past, and we need to break down history into the kinds of things that we see as sources of pride and those which we need to move beyond.”
“这表明人们意识到历史是复杂的，英国人在过去做过令人钦佩的事情，也做过令人遗憾的事情，我们需要把历史分解成我们认为值得骄傲的事情和我们需要超越的事情。”
He credits this shift in public consciousness to the Black Lives Matter movement and Britain’s changing demographics.
他将公众意识的转变归功于“黑命贵”运动和英国人口结构的变化。
The demonstrations that erupted in the US in 2020 after a white police officer killed George Floyd were a catalyst for the largest wave of anti-racism protests in British history, taking place in more than 260 towns and cities that summer.
2020年，一名白人警察杀害乔治·弗洛伊德后，美国爆发了示威活动，引发了英国历史上最大规模的反种族主义抗议浪潮，那年夏天在260多个城镇发生。
Statues of slave traders, such as Edward Colston’s in Bristol, were toppled, streets renamed, and venerable British institutions such as the Bank of England were forced to reckon with their ties to the slave trade.
像布里斯托尔的爱德华·科尔斯顿这样的奴隶贩子的雕像被推倒，街道被重新命名，英格兰银行等可敬的英国机构被迫考虑与奴隶贸易的关系。
“Black Lives Matter helped to crystallise the issue of slavery, antislavery, and ongoing racism in British society,” said Lester.
莱斯特说：“‘黑命贵’有助于将奴隶制、反奴隶制和英国社会中持续存在的种族主义问题具体化。”
“There is still pride, virtually unchanged since the last survey, in artistic and cultural achievement, and in sporting achievements. And what that suggests to me is discernment about how we look back on our past; that we’re choosing Shakespeare over invasion, exploitation and occupation.”
“自上次调查以来，在艺术和文化成就以及体育成就方面，人们仍然感到自豪。这对我来说是一种洞察力——关于我们如何回顾我们的过去；我们选择莎士比亚而不是侵略、剥削和占领。”
Lester, the editor of the new book The Truth About Empire: Real Histories of British Colonialism, believes some of this trend is also down to the UK becoming more ethnically diverse since the last survey. Those who are descendants of people who were enslaved or colonised by Britain may have a different relationship to its past than many other British people.
莱斯特是新书《帝国的真相：英国殖民主义的真实历史》的编辑，他认为，这种趋势的部分原因还在于，自上次调查以来，英国变得更加种族多样化。那些被英国奴役或殖民的人的后代可能与许多其他英国人有着不同的过去关系。
Others have suggested that the decline in the number of people alive today who lived through or fought in the second world war may have also contributed to the drop in pride in Britain’s past.
还有人认为，经历过二战或参加过二战的人越来越少，这可能也是英国人对过去的自豪感下降的原因之一。
But Lester believes this would have had a minimal impact, as the survey show a decline across age demographics and a broader shift in public consciousness, “thanks, in no small part, to the activism of Black Lives Matter and others who keep drawing our attention to the complexities of the past”.
但莱斯特认为，这只会产生很小的影响，因为调查显示，各个年龄段的人口统计数据都在下降，公众意识也在发生更广泛的转变，“这在很大程度上要归功于‘黑命贵’运动的积极行动，以及其他一直让我们关注过去的复杂性的人”。
The Black Lives Matter movement was met by a ferocious response from the right, who attacked protesters and historians alike for interrogating Britain’s imperial past. Lester said: “Sathnam Sanghera wrote the foreword for The Truth About Empire, in which he talks about how unacceptable it is that we’ve reached this stage of fervent denialism about the past, and such a fervour about Britishness and patriotism, that historians just doing their job are being called woke and attacked.”
“黑命贵”运动遭到了右翼的激烈回应，他们攻击抗议者和历史学家质疑英国帝国的过去。莱斯特说：“萨特南·桑赫拉为《帝国的真相》写了前言，他在前言中谈到，我们已经到了狂热否认过去的阶段，对英国人和爱国主义如此狂热，以至于历史学家只是在做他们的工作，却被称为觉醒和攻击，这是多么不可接受。”
The historian David Olusoga had to employ a bodyguard at some speaking events; Prof Corinne Fowler, who co-authored a report for the National Trust in 2019, was often forced to call police for protection, and Sanghera stopped doing public events with adults due to the severity of the abuse he received on a regular basis.
历史学家大卫·奥卢索加不得不在一些演讲活动中雇佣保镖；科琳·福勒教授是2019年国民信托基金会的一份报告的合著者，他经常被迫打电话给警察寻求保护，桑赫拉也因为经常受到严重的辱骂而不再和成年人一起参加公共活动。
The survey also showed a decline in the proportion of people who believed that Britain was better than most other countries, or that people should support their country even if it was in the wrong.
调查还显示，认为英国比大多数其他国家好，或者认为即使自己的国家做错了，人们也应该支持它的人的比例有所下降。
People were also less likely to express pride in Britain’s democracy, its economic achievements and its political influence in the world.
人们也不太可能对英国的民主、经济成就和在世界上的政治影响力表示自豪。
While the report authors note these survey results have happened despite Brexit and the toxic debates around immigration, Lester suggested they might be a reaction to it.
尽管报告作者指出，尽管英国脱欧和围绕移民的激烈辩论仍出现了这些调查结果，但莱斯特认为，这可能是对脱欧的一种反应。
“Pride in the British political system and pride in the British economy have both taken a big hit. I suspect that’s because of disillusionment directly as a result of Brexit,” he said.
“对英国政治体系的自豪感和对英国经济的自豪感都受到了重创。我怀疑这是因为英国脱欧直接导致的幻灭感，”他说。
“People have simply had enough of what Brexit has done to Britishness, to the identity of Britishness and to the reputation of Britain overseas, and they’ve had enough of the hatred and the bile being directed towards people seeking asylum.”
“人们已经受够了脱欧对英国特性、英国身份的认同和英国在海外的声誉所造成的影响，他们已经受够了针对寻求庇护者的仇恨和愤怒。”
-Public choosing ‘Shakespeare over invasion’ and becoming more discerning about Britain’s history, says Alan Lester
历史学家表示，一项调查显示，英国对其过去的自豪感正在丧失，这令人鼓舞
——艾伦·莱斯特说，公众选择“莎士比亚而非入侵”，对英国历史的认识也越来越敏锐
(A production of Shakespeare’s Henry V at the Globe theatre.)
（在环球剧院上演的莎士比亚的《亨利五世》。）
新闻：
A striking fall in pride in Britain’s history, but widespread support for the arts, shows the public are choosing “Shakespeare over invasion, exploitation and occupation”, a leading historian has said.
一位著名的历史学家说，英国人对历史的自豪感急剧下降，但对艺术的广泛支持表明，公众正在选择“莎士比亚而不是侵略、剥削和占领”。
The findings from the British Social Attitudes survey, published this week, show that while levels of pride in Britain’s achievements in sport and the arts remained high over the past decade, there was a 22-point fall in the proportion of people saying they were proud of Britain’s history.
本周公布的英国社会态度调查结果显示，尽管过去10年英国人对体育和艺术成就的自豪感仍然很高，但表示对英国历史感到自豪的人的比例下降了22个百分点。
Prof Alan Lester, the editor of a new book on empire featuring guest essays from the eminent historian Liam J Liburd and the journalist Sathnam Sanghera, described the results as an “encouraging sign” that the public were becoming more discerning about Britain’s past.
艾伦·莱斯特教授是一本关于帝国的新书的编辑，该书收录了著名历史学家利亚姆·J·利伯德和记者萨特南·桑赫拉的客座文章。莱斯特将调查结果描述为一个“令人鼓舞的迹象”，表明公众对英国的过去越来越有洞察力。
“It shows an awareness that history is complicated, that Britons have done both admirable things and deplorable things in the past, and we need to break down history into the kinds of things that we see as sources of pride and those which we need to move beyond.”
“这表明人们意识到历史是复杂的，英国人在过去做过令人钦佩的事情，也做过令人遗憾的事情，我们需要把历史分解成我们认为值得骄傲的事情和我们需要超越的事情。”
He credits this shift in public consciousness to the Black Lives Matter movement and Britain’s changing demographics.
他将公众意识的转变归功于“黑命贵”运动和英国人口结构的变化。
The demonstrations that erupted in the US in 2020 after a white police officer killed George Floyd were a catalyst for the largest wave of anti-racism protests in British history, taking place in more than 260 towns and cities that summer.
2020年，一名白人警察杀害乔治·弗洛伊德后，美国爆发了示威活动，引发了英国历史上最大规模的反种族主义抗议浪潮，那年夏天在260多个城镇发生。
Statues of slave traders, such as Edward Colston’s in Bristol, were toppled, streets renamed, and venerable British institutions such as the Bank of England were forced to reckon with their ties to the slave trade.
像布里斯托尔的爱德华·科尔斯顿这样的奴隶贩子的雕像被推倒，街道被重新命名，英格兰银行等可敬的英国机构被迫考虑与奴隶贸易的关系。
“Black Lives Matter helped to crystallise the issue of slavery, antislavery, and ongoing racism in British society,” said Lester.
莱斯特说：“‘黑命贵’有助于将奴隶制、反奴隶制和英国社会中持续存在的种族主义问题具体化。”
“There is still pride, virtually unchanged since the last survey, in artistic and cultural achievement, and in sporting achievements. And what that suggests to me is discernment about how we look back on our past; that we’re choosing Shakespeare over invasion, exploitation and occupation.”
“自上次调查以来，在艺术和文化成就以及体育成就方面，人们仍然感到自豪。这对我来说是一种洞察力——关于我们如何回顾我们的过去；我们选择莎士比亚而不是侵略、剥削和占领。”
Lester, the editor of the new book The Truth About Empire: Real Histories of British Colonialism, believes some of this trend is also down to the UK becoming more ethnically diverse since the last survey. Those who are descendants of people who were enslaved or colonised by Britain may have a different relationship to its past than many other British people.
莱斯特是新书《帝国的真相：英国殖民主义的真实历史》的编辑，他认为，这种趋势的部分原因还在于，自上次调查以来，英国变得更加种族多样化。那些被英国奴役或殖民的人的后代可能与许多其他英国人有着不同的过去关系。
Others have suggested that the decline in the number of people alive today who lived through or fought in the second world war may have also contributed to the drop in pride in Britain’s past.
还有人认为，经历过二战或参加过二战的人越来越少，这可能也是英国人对过去的自豪感下降的原因之一。
But Lester believes this would have had a minimal impact, as the survey show a decline across age demographics and a broader shift in public consciousness, “thanks, in no small part, to the activism of Black Lives Matter and others who keep drawing our attention to the complexities of the past”.
但莱斯特认为，这只会产生很小的影响，因为调查显示，各个年龄段的人口统计数据都在下降，公众意识也在发生更广泛的转变，“这在很大程度上要归功于‘黑命贵’运动的积极行动，以及其他一直让我们关注过去的复杂性的人”。
The Black Lives Matter movement was met by a ferocious response from the right, who attacked protesters and historians alike for interrogating Britain’s imperial past. Lester said: “Sathnam Sanghera wrote the foreword for The Truth About Empire, in which he talks about how unacceptable it is that we’ve reached this stage of fervent denialism about the past, and such a fervour about Britishness and patriotism, that historians just doing their job are being called woke and attacked.”
“黑命贵”运动遭到了右翼的激烈回应，他们攻击抗议者和历史学家质疑英国帝国的过去。莱斯特说：“萨特南·桑赫拉为《帝国的真相》写了前言，他在前言中谈到，我们已经到了狂热否认过去的阶段，对英国人和爱国主义如此狂热，以至于历史学家只是在做他们的工作，却被称为觉醒和攻击，这是多么不可接受。”
The historian David Olusoga had to employ a bodyguard at some speaking events; Prof Corinne Fowler, who co-authored a report for the National Trust in 2019, was often forced to call police for protection, and Sanghera stopped doing public events with adults due to the severity of the abuse he received on a regular basis.
历史学家大卫·奥卢索加不得不在一些演讲活动中雇佣保镖；科琳·福勒教授是2019年国民信托基金会的一份报告的合著者，他经常被迫打电话给警察寻求保护，桑赫拉也因为经常受到严重的辱骂而不再和成年人一起参加公共活动。
The survey also showed a decline in the proportion of people who believed that Britain was better than most other countries, or that people should support their country even if it was in the wrong.
调查还显示，认为英国比大多数其他国家好，或者认为即使自己的国家做错了，人们也应该支持它的人的比例有所下降。
People were also less likely to express pride in Britain’s democracy, its economic achievements and its political influence in the world.
人们也不太可能对英国的民主、经济成就和在世界上的政治影响力表示自豪。
While the report authors note these survey results have happened despite Brexit and the toxic debates around immigration, Lester suggested they might be a reaction to it.
尽管报告作者指出，尽管英国脱欧和围绕移民的激烈辩论仍出现了这些调查结果，但莱斯特认为，这可能是对脱欧的一种反应。
“Pride in the British political system and pride in the British economy have both taken a big hit. I suspect that’s because of disillusionment directly as a result of Brexit,” he said.
“对英国政治体系的自豪感和对英国经济的自豪感都受到了重创。我怀疑这是因为英国脱欧直接导致的幻灭感，”他说。
“People have simply had enough of what Brexit has done to Britishness, to the identity of Britishness and to the reputation of Britain overseas, and they’ve had enough of the hatred and the bile being directed towards people seeking asylum.”
“人们已经受够了脱欧对英国特性、英国身份的认同和英国在海外的声誉所造成的影响，他们已经受够了针对寻求庇护者的仇恨和愤怒。”
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