英国被评为儿童最不幸福的国家。欧洲青少年幸福感下降的背后是什么?
2024-10-04 jiangye111 6019
正文翻译
UK named the unhappiest country for children. What's behind Europe's decline in youth well-being?

英国被评为儿童最不幸福的国家。欧洲青少年幸福感下降的背后是什么?
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文章:

Europe, particularly the EU, is regarded as one of the most prosperous regions in the world. Yet, despite this prosperity, many young people within its borders are facing a growing decline in well-being, with increasing concerns about mental health.

欧洲,尤其是欧盟,被认为是世界上最繁荣的地区之一。然而,尽管如此繁荣,该国境内的许多年轻人却面临着幸福感日益下降的问题,人们对心理健康的担忧日益增加。

Last month, the Children’s Society, a UK-based charity, released a report looking into the well-being of young people in the UK and how they compare to those in Europe.

上个月,总部位于英国的慈善机构儿童协会发布了一份报告,调查了英国青少年的幸福状况,并将其与欧洲青少年进行了比较。

The 2024 Good Childhood Report found that, on average, 16.6 per cent of European youth are dissatisfied with their lives, which is equivalent to about one in six across the continent.

《2024年美好童年报告》发现,平均而言,16.6%的欧洲青少年对自己的生活不满意,这相当于整个欧洲大陆的六分之一。

The Netherlands had the lowest rate, with only 6.7 per cent of 15-year-olds reporting not being satisfied with their lives.

荷兰的比例最低,只有6.7%的15岁青少年对自己的生活不满意。

Similarly, Nordic countries Finland and Denmark also ranked well, with only 10.8 per cent and 11.3 per cent reporting low life satisfaction respectively.

同样,北欧国家芬兰和丹麦的排名也不错,分别只有10.8%和11.3%的人表示生活满意度较低。

On the other hand, the UK reported the highest level of low life satisfaction among young people, with 25.2 per cent indicating dissatisfaction, followed closely by Poland (24.4 per cent) and Malta (23.6 per cent).

另一方面,英国青少年对生活满意度最低,有25.2%的人表示不满意,紧随其后的是波兰(24.4%)和马耳他(23.6%)。

"The findings from The Good Childhood Report 2024 are alarming and illustrate an unacceptable picture of children’s wellbeing in the UK. It clearly shows that young people in the UK are experiencing lower well-being and life satisfaction compared to their peers across Europe, and that the well-being of young people is also in decline," Jack O’Neill, policy and public affairs manager at The Children’s Society, told Euronews Health.

“《2024年美好童年报告》的调查结果令人担忧,并说明了英国儿童健康状况令人无法接受。“这清楚地表明,与欧洲同龄人相比,英国青少年的幸福感和生活满意度较低,青少年的幸福感也在下降,”儿童协会的政策和公共事务经理杰克·奥尼尔告诉欧洲新闻健康频道。

The report used data from various sources to analyse youth life satisfaction, including the UK Longitudinal Household Survey, The Children’s Society’s annual survey, and the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

该报告使用了各种来源的数据来分析青少年的生活满意度,包括英国纵向家庭调查、儿童协会的年度调查以及经合组织国际学生评估项目。

Why are UK children the unhappiest in Europe?

为什么英国儿童是欧洲最不快乐的?

"When looking at specific measures, we can see that the UK performs notably worse than other European countries. Whilst not any single factor can explain the low ranking overall when particular areas score so poorly, it does suggest their importance in driving this," O’Neill said.

奥尼尔说:“从具体的衡量标准来看,我们可以看到英国的表现明显比其他欧洲国家差。虽然没有任何单一因素可以解释在某些地区得分如此之低的情况下,整体排名较低,但这确实表明了它们在推动排名方面的重要性。”

The UK also showed the largest gap in life satisfaction between advantaged and disadvantaged youth, which could point to the impact of socio-economic inequality on children's well-being.

此外,英国的富裕青少年和贫困青少年的生活满意度差距最大,这可能表明社会经济不平等对儿童福祉的影响。

Additionally, the report revealed that the UK ranked fourth highest in food deprivation, with 11 per cent of 15-year-olds skipping meals due to a lack of money.

此外,报告还显示,英国在食物匮乏方面排名第四,11%的15岁青少年因缺钱而不吃饭。

"We also know that the cost-of-living crisis in the UK is impacting the opportunities for young people to have downtime or enjoy socialising with friends or family," O’Neill said.

奥尼尔说:“我们也知道,英国的生活成本危机正在影响青少年休息或享受与朋友或家人社交的机会。”

Many families in the UK reported difficulties in affording holidays, extracurricular activities for their children, and, in some cases, even celebrations and special occasions, with 41 per cent saying they couldn’t afford such events.

许多英国家庭表示,他们很难负担得起孩子的假期和课外活动,在某些情况下,甚至是庆祝活动和特殊场合,41%的家庭表示他们负担不起这些活动。

Additionally, 50 per cent of children reported that a lack of money prevented them from participating in activities like socialising or going on school trips.

此外,50%的儿童报告说,缺钱使他们无法参加社交或学校旅行等活动。

Beyond financial limitations, children also expressed significant worries about various life issues, particularly the rising cost of living in the UK.

除了经济上的限制,孩子们还表达了对各种生活问题的担忧,尤其是英国不断上涨的生活成本。

"Two in five children and young people surveyed were worried about rising prices, showing that concerns over making ends meet are filtering down to young people and increasing their worry and concern," O’Neill said.

奥尼尔说:“在接受调查的儿童和青少年中,有五分之二担心物价上涨,这表明对收支平衡的担忧正渗透到青少年身上,增加了他们的担忧和焦虑。”

Along with rising prices, children were also concerned about crime, online safety, and environmental issues.

随着物价上涨,孩子们也担心犯罪、网络安全和环境问题。

Moreover, school-related issues have also played a significant role in the declining well-being of children in the UK. In 2024, 14.3 per cent of young people reported being unsatisfied with their school experience.

此外,与学校有关的问题也在英国儿童福祉的下降中扮演了重要角色。2024年,14.3%的年轻人表示对自己的学校经历不满意。

Concerns around school safety, a sense of belonging, and bullying, of which the UK had the second-highest rate in Europe, are some of the key issues, according to O’Neill.

奥尼尔说,对学校安全、归属感和欺凌的担忧是一些关键问题,英国的欺凌率在欧洲排名第二。

"We know from international comparison data, and from talking to children and young people, that bullying and the pressures of academic achievement play on children’s minds," he said.

他说:“我们从国际比较数据以及与儿童和青少年的交谈中了解到,欺凌和学业成就的压力影响着孩子们的思想。”
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"School should be an opportunity for young people to make lifelong memories, find their inspiration, make friends and have hope for the future, unfortunately this doesn’t seem to be the case for some children, and it is crucial we not only unlock every child’s potential but also unlock their happiness," O’Neill added.

奥尼尔补充说:“学校应该是青少年留下终身记忆、寻找灵感、结交朋友、对未来抱有希望的机会,不幸的是,一些孩子似乎并不是这样。我们不仅要释放每个孩子的潜力,还要释放他们的幸福,这一点至关重要。”

Amid the decline in mental health among young people in the UK, the country is also facing significant challenges in providing adequate mental health support.

随着英国青少年心理健康状况的下降,该国在提供充分的心理健康支持方面也面临着重大挑战。

According to the report, over 270,000 children are still waiting for further assistance after an initial referral, with long waiting times being a major issue.

根据该报告,27万多名儿童在初步转诊后仍在等待进一步援助,等待时间过长是一个主要问题。
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Reflecting on the concerns raised by young people during policy consultations, "they told us how school makes them worried as they are anxious about exams, worried about failing and not hopeful for the future," O’Neill noted.

奥尼尔指出,在政策咨询期间,青少年提出了一些担忧,“他们告诉我们,学校是如何让他们担心的,因为他们对考试感到焦虑,担心不及格,对未来不抱希望。”

"They said how parks are being shut down meaning they have nowhere to hang out with their friends; how support for their mental health can only be sought when they have reached a crisis point and that their voices are silenced and they don’t feel heard".

“他们说公园被关闭了,这意味着他们没有地方和朋友出去玩;只有当他们达到危机点,他们的声音被压制,他们觉得自己没有被倾听时,才能寻求对他们心理健康的支持。”

Key causes of declining well-being in Europe

欧洲幸福感下降的主要原因
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Although the report focuses on the UK, similar trends are being seen across Europe, with reports indicating a decline in well-being among young people in several countries.

尽管该报告关注的是英国,但欧洲各地也出现了类似的趋势,有报告显示,几个国家的年轻人的幸福感有所下降。

According to UNICEF, the percentage of 15-year-olds reporting high life satisfaction dropped from around 74 per cent in 2018 to 69 per cent in 2022, across 23 countries for which data is available.

根据联合国儿童基金会的数据,在有数据可查的23个国家中,15岁青少年对生活满意度高的比例从2018年的74%左右下降到2022年的69%。

One of the key contributing factors include high rates of poverty, with approximately 20 million children in the EU, about one in four, at risk of poverty or social exclusion, according to a report by UNICEF.

其中一个关键因素是高贫困率,根据联合国儿童基金会的一份报告,欧盟约有2000万儿童(约四分之一)面临贫困或社会排斥的风险。

"It [poverty] has a long term impact on children. It's not just a child living in poverty, and as soon as they grow up and get a job they will be out of it. It affects their bodies, their mind and their prospects as well for the future," Dr Ally Dunhill, director of policy, advocacy and communications at Eurochild, told Euronews Health.

“贫困对儿童有长期影响。这不仅仅是一个生活在贫困中的孩子,一旦他们长大并找到一份工作,他们就会摆脱贫困。它会影响他们的身体、思想和未来的前景,”欧洲儿童政策、倡导和沟通主任艾丽·登希尔博士告诉欧洲新闻健康频道。
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According to Dunhill, children growing up in poverty often struggle to afford basic necessities like food, clothing, school supplies, or sports equipment, which limits their participation in normal childhood activities and leads to social isolation.

根据登希尔的说法,在贫困中长大的孩子往往难以负担食物、衣服、学习用品或运动器材等基本必需品,这限制了他们参与正常的儿童活动,并导致社会孤立。

Poverty also takes a toll on mental health, with children living in poverty more likely to experience stress, anxiety, and depression.

贫困也会对心理健康造成影响,生活在贫困中的儿童更有可能经历压力、焦虑和抑郁。

Moreover, poor nutrition is another critical issue tied to poverty, as families often have easier access to cheap, less nutritious food, which negatively impacts children's physical health both in the short and long-term.

此外,营养不良是与贫穷有关的另一个关键问题,因为家庭往往更容易获得廉价、营养不足的食物,这对儿童的身体健康产生了短期和长期的负面影响。

Dunhill further noted that poverty deeply impacts children's ability to engage in school.

登希尔进一步指出,贫困严重影响儿童的学习能力。

"Those children are really not engaging in education, some of them are not even going to school, or they are going to school but they are so tired, or they’re so cold, or they’re so hungry, they may not be able to sit and learn and listen and engage," she said.

她说:“这些孩子真的没有接受教育,他们中的一些人甚至没有去上学,或者他们去上学,但是他们很累,或者他们很冷,或者他们很饿,他们可能无法坐下来学习,倾听和参与。”

This lack of educational engagement sets children back and reduces their chances of escaping poverty in the future, creating a cycle where children raised in poverty are more likely to remain poor as adults.

缺乏教育参与使儿童倒退,减少了他们未来摆脱贫困的机会,形成了一个循环,即在贫困中长大的儿童更有可能在成年后仍然贫困。
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"The expectation is if we don't do something to lift and support these children out of poverty, then they will grow up and have children that will be living in poverty," Dunhill said.

登希尔说:“人们的期望是,如果我们不采取措施帮助这些儿童摆脱贫困,那么他们长大后的孩子就会生活在贫困中。”

Moreover, the rising costs of food, housing, and heating, along with job losses and health challenges, are also pushing even more families in Europe into poverty.

此外,食品、住房和取暖成本的上涨,以及失业和健康挑战,也使更多的欧洲家庭陷入贫困。
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Online safety and children's well-being

网络安全与儿童福祉

According to Unicef, when it comes to online safety in Europe, children face various risks in digital spaces, including cyberbullying, exposure to inappropriate content, misinformation, and sexual exploitation, all of which can severely harm their well-being.

据联合国儿童基金会称,在欧洲,儿童在数字空间面临各种风险,包括网络欺凌、接触不当内容、错误信息和性剥削,所有这些都可能严重损害他们的福祉。

Fabiola Bas Palomares, lead policy and advocacy officer at Eurochild, who specialises in online safety, told Euronews Health that while the effects of online usage are complex to measure, the negative impacts of digital media on children, such as addiction, isolation, and reduced social confidence, are undeniable.

法比奥拉·巴斯·帕洛马雷斯是欧洲儿童组织的首席政策和倡导官员,专门研究网络安全,他告诉欧洲新闻健康频道,虽然网络使用的影响很难衡量,但数字媒体对儿童的负面影响,比如成瘾、孤立和降低社会信心,是不可否认的。

Although content moderation tools have made some progress in reducing harmful content, she said the focus should shift to how these platforms are designed.

尽管内容审核工具在减少有害内容方面取得了一些进展,但她表示,重点应该转移到如何设计这些平台上。

She further emphasised the need to prioritise children's online safety from the beginning by embedding it into the platform's design rather than trying to fix issues after harm is done.

她进一步强调,需要从一开始就把儿童的网络安全放在首位,将其嵌入到平台的设计中,而不是在造成伤害后试图解决问题。

However, she also acknowledged that even with these changes, issues like cyberbullying and sexual abuse will still require targeted regulations and specialised tools to effectively address them.

然而,她也承认,即使有了这些变化,像网络欺凌和性虐待这样的问题仍然需要有针对性的法规和专门的工具来有效解决。

Role of government and policy-makers

政府和决策者的作用

To address the growing concerns around children's well-being, O'Neill emphasised the need for government action.

为了解决人们对儿童福祉日益增长的担忧,奥尼尔强调了政府采取行动的必要性。

Some key measures he advocates for include ensuring that young people have access to early intervention and preventative mental health support, making children's well-being a national priority, introducing a Child Poverty Act to guarantee that no family lacks basic necessities, and reforming school environments to reduce anxiety and bullying while enhancing meaningful learning experiences.

他倡导的一些关键措施包括确保年轻人能够获得早期干预和预防性心理健康支持,将儿童福祉作为国家优先事项,引入《儿童贫困法》以确保没有家庭缺乏基本必需品,改革学校环境以减少焦虑和欺凌,同时增强有意义的学习体验。

Dunhill said that while there are promising initiatives from EU policymakers, such as the European Child Guarantee, which aims to combat child poverty and social exclusion, many national action plans struggle with implementation.

登希尔说,虽然欧盟政策制定者提出了一些有希望的倡议,比如旨在消除儿童贫困和社会排斥的“欧洲儿童保障”,但许多国家的行动计划难以实施。
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A major issue is that many governments fail to engage with civil society organisations or children themselves when developing these plans, she said.

她说,一个主要问题在于,许多政府在制定这些计划时没有与民间社会组织或儿童本身进行接触。

评论翻译
sokorsognarf
I just don’t think the UK is particularly child-friendly, culturally. I’m struck by how many people openly admit to hating children. Some of them even have children of their own! They just hate everyone else’s

我只是不认为英国在文化上对儿童特别友好。很多人公开承认自己讨厌孩子,这让我很震惊。他们中的一些人甚至有了自己的孩子!他们只是讨厌其他人的

genjin
For the last century the country has gone from one crisis to another. Perhaps the unhappiness is just a symptom of the accumulating decline associated with these crises. Or perhaps it’s due to other things like social media and online lifestyle. Or all of the above.

上个世纪,这个国家经历了一个又一个危机。也许这种不快乐只是与这些危机相关的经济不断衰退的一种症状。也可能是由于社交媒体和网络生活方式等其他因素。或者以上都有。

coffeewalnut05
You really think that before last century young people lived a good life? Couldn’t go to school, couldn’t vote, worked in factories or mines 14 hours a day since the age of 5

你真的认为上个世纪以前的年轻人过得很好吗?不能上学,不能投票,从5岁起每天在工厂或矿山工作14个小时

coffeewalnut05
A combination of the ridiculous amount of shit British teens consume (junk, sweets, chocolate, fizzy drinks), lack of exercise, a lack of appreciation for healthy pursuits like sports or hanging out with friends in a way that doesn’t involve alcohol or drugs, the glorification of violence in youth culture, the drinking/drug culture, a lack of appreciation for their country, social media, poor mental health services on NHS, 14 years of Tories.

这是英国青少年消费了大量的垃圾(垃圾食品、糖果、巧克力、碳酸饮料),缺乏锻炼,缺乏对健康追求的欣赏,比如体育运动,或者以不涉及酒精或毒品的方式与朋友聚会,青少年文化中对暴力的美化,饮酒/毒品文化,缺乏对国家的欣赏,社交媒体,国家医疗体系糟糕的心理健康服务,以及14年的保守党加起来的结果。

surfing_on_thino
Forcing trans kids to wait 10 years for HRT will probably have an impact on their mental health

强迫变性儿童等待10年进行激素替代疗法可能会对他们的心理健康产生影响

Dazzling-Remote8356
Cultural enrichment aka unfettered mass immigration

因为文化丰富,又称不受限制的大规模移民

AdIndependent4637
Maybe they recognize because of mass immigration they now have no future.

也许是他们认识到了,由于大规模移民,他们现在没有未来了。

creativename111111
Kids don’t give a shit about immigration what a dumb take

孩子们根本不关心移民问题,真是愚蠢的理由

IgamOg
The levels of migration to the UK have always been about average for a developed country, so that can't explain why children are the least happy.

英国的移民水平一直是发达国家的平均水平,所以这不能解释为什么孩子们最不快乐。

Matttthhhhhhhhhhh
Of course, because unless daddy can give them a good job, kids are fucked. They know they'll probably never have a happy life.

当然不快乐,因为除非爸爸能给他们一份好工作,否则孩子们就完蛋了。他们知道他们可能永远不会有幸福的生活。

SeaMolasses2466
The adults are not exactly having a time of their lives either.

成年人其实也过得也不快乐。

Life_Repeat310
Can’t they legislate happiness? They seem to be very good at legislating.

他们就不能为快乐立个法吗?他们似乎很擅长立法。

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