科学家如何利用水泥为你的房子发电？
正文翻译
On a laboratory bench in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a stack of polished cylinders of black-coloured concrete sit bathed in liquid and entwined in cables. To a casual observer, they aren't doing much. But then Damian Stefaniuk flicks a switch. The blocks of human-made rock are wired up to an LED – and the bulb flickers into life.
在马萨诸塞州剑桥市的一个实验室工作台上，一堆抛光的黑色混凝土圆柱体浸泡在液体中，并缠绕着电缆。它们乍看起来用处不大，但当达米安·斯泰法尼乌克按下开关时，这些人造石块被电线连接到一只LED灯上，灯泡瞬间点亮了。
Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some important ways. They can charge much more quickly than a lithium ion battery and don't suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance. But supercapacitors also release the power they store rapidly, making them less useful in devices such as mobile phones, laptops or electric cars where a steady supply of energy is needed over an extended period of time.
超级电容器的储能效率很高，但在一些重要方面与蓄电池不同。超级电容器的充电速度远快于锂电池，并且性能衰减不像锂电池那样严重。不过超级电容器的放电速度也很快，所以它们在手机、笔记本电脑、电动汽车等设备中的用处不大，因为这些设备需要获得长时间和稳定的能量供应。
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On a laboratory bench in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a stack of polished cylinders of black-coloured concrete sit bathed in liquid and entwined in cables. To a casual observer, they aren't doing much. But then Damian Stefaniuk flicks a switch. The blocks of human-made rock are wired up to an LED – and the bulb flickers into life.
在马萨诸塞州剑桥市的一个实验室工作台上，一堆抛光的黑色混凝土圆柱体浸泡在液体中，并缠绕着电缆。它们乍看起来用处不大，但当达米安·斯泰法尼乌克按下开关时，这些人造石块被电线连接到一只LED灯上，灯泡瞬间点亮了。
"At first I didn't believe it," says Stefaniuk, describing the first time the LED lit up. "I thought that I hadn't disconnected the external power source, and that was why the LED was on.
“起初我不相信”，斯泰法乌克在回忆LED灯被第一次点亮时说道，“我以为是自己没有断开外部电源，所以LED灯亮了”。
“起初我不相信”，斯泰法乌克在回忆LED灯被第一次点亮时说道，“我以为是自己没有断开外部电源，所以LED灯亮了”。
"It was a wonderful day. We invited students, and I invited professors to see, because at first they didn't believe that it worked either."
“那天真是太棒了，我们邀请了学生和教授前来参观，因为他们一开始也不相信这种事情”。
“那天真是太棒了，我们邀请了学生和教授前来参观，因为他们一开始也不相信这种事情”。
The reason for the excitement? This innocuous, dark lump of concrete could represent the future of energy storage.
心情激动的原因？这种无害的黑色混凝土块可能预示着能源存储的未来。
心情激动的原因？这种无害的黑色混凝土块可能预示着能源存储的未来。
The promise of most renewable energy sources is that of endless clean power, bestowed on us by the Sun, wind and sea.
大多数可再生能源的前景是太阳、风、海洋赋予我们的用之不竭的清洁能源。
大多数可再生能源的前景是太阳、风、海洋赋予我们的用之不竭的清洁能源。
Yet the Sun isn't always shining, the wind isn't always blowing, and still waters do not, in megawatt terms, run deep. These are energy sources that are intermittent, which, in our energy-hungry modern world, poses a problem.
但阳光不会一直照耀，风不会一直吹拂，静水在兆瓦级发电能力上并不强劲。这些间歇性能源给我们这个能源需求旺盛的现代世界带来一个难题。
但阳光不会一直照耀，风不会一直吹拂，静水在兆瓦级发电能力上并不强劲。这些间歇性能源给我们这个能源需求旺盛的现代世界带来一个难题。
It means that we need to store that energy in batteries. But batteries rely on materials such as lithium, which is in far shorter supply than is likely to be needed to meet the demand created by the world's quest to decarbonise its energy and transport systems. There are 101 lithium mines in the world, and economic analysts are pessimistic about the ability of these mines to keep up with growing global demand. Environmental analysts note that lithium mining uses a lot of energy and water, which nibble away at the environmental benefits of switching to renewable energy sources in the first place. The processes involved in extracting lithium can also sometimes lead to toxic chemicals leaking into local water supplies.
这意味着我们需要将这些能源储存在蓄电池中。但蓄电池依赖于锂等材料，其供应量远远低于潜在需求，无法满足全球能源和运输系统的脱碳需要。全球有101座锂矿，经济分析师对它们能否满足日益增长的全球需求持悲观态度。环境分析师指出，锂矿开采消耗大量的能源和水，一开始就削弱了向可再生能源转型所获得的环境效益。锂的提取工艺有时产生有毒的化学物质，泄漏到当地水源中。
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这意味着我们需要将这些能源储存在蓄电池中。但蓄电池依赖于锂等材料，其供应量远远低于潜在需求，无法满足全球能源和运输系统的脱碳需要。全球有101座锂矿，经济分析师对它们能否满足日益增长的全球需求持悲观态度。环境分析师指出，锂矿开采消耗大量的能源和水，一开始就削弱了向可再生能源转型所获得的环境效益。锂的提取工艺有时产生有毒的化学物质，泄漏到当地水源中。
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Despite some new discoveries of lithium reserves, the finite supply of this material, the over-reliance on just a handful of mines around the world and its environmental impact have driven the search for alternative battery materials.
尽管发现了新的锂矿资源，但这种材料的有限供应，对全球少数几座锂矿的过度依赖，以及造成的环境影响促使人们寻找电池替代材料。
尽管发现了新的锂矿资源，但这种材料的有限供应，对全球少数几座锂矿的过度依赖，以及造成的环境影响促使人们寻找电池替代材料。
This is where Stefaniuk and his concrete come in. He and his colleagues at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have found a way of creating an energy storage device known as a supercapacitor from three basic, cheap materials – water, cement and a soot-like substance called carbon black.
这正是斯泰法乌克及其混凝土派上用场的地方。他和麻省理工学院的同事们研究出一种方法，利用三种便宜的基础材料——水、水泥、名为碳黑的烟灰状物质，制造出一种名为超级电容器的储能装置。
这正是斯泰法乌克及其混凝土派上用场的地方。他和麻省理工学院的同事们研究出一种方法，利用三种便宜的基础材料——水、水泥、名为碳黑的烟灰状物质，制造出一种名为超级电容器的储能装置。
Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some important ways. They can charge much more quickly than a lithium ion battery and don't suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance. But supercapacitors also release the power they store rapidly, making them less useful in devices such as mobile phones, laptops or electric cars where a steady supply of energy is needed over an extended period of time.
超级电容器的储能效率很高，但在一些重要方面与蓄电池不同。超级电容器的充电速度远快于锂电池，并且性能衰减不像锂电池那样严重。不过超级电容器的放电速度也很快，所以它们在手机、笔记本电脑、电动汽车等设备中的用处不大，因为这些设备需要获得长时间和稳定的能量供应。
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Yet according to Stefaniuk, carbon-cement supercapacitors could make an important contribution to efforts to decarbonise the global economy. "If it can be scaled up, the technology can help solve an important issue – the storing of renewable energy," he says.
但斯泰法尼乌克表示，碳-水泥超级电容器可以为全球经济的脱碳事业做出重要贡献。他说：“如果能够扩大规模，这项技术有助于解决一大难题——储存可再生能源”。
但斯泰法尼乌克表示，碳-水泥超级电容器可以为全球经济的脱碳事业做出重要贡献。他说：“如果能够扩大规模，这项技术有助于解决一大难题——储存可再生能源”。
He and his fellow researchers at MIT and Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, envisage several applications for their supercapacitors.
他与麻省理工学院、哈佛大学怀斯生物启发工程研究所的同事研究员们，设想了他们的超级电容器的多种用途。
他与麻省理工学院、哈佛大学怀斯生物启发工程研究所的同事研究员们，设想了他们的超级电容器的多种用途。
One might be to create roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road. The rapid release of energy from the carbon-cement supercapacitor would allow vehicles to get a rapid boost to their batteries. Another would be as energy-storing foundations of houses – "to have walls, or foundations, or columns, that are active not only in supporting a structure, but also in that energy is stored inside them", says Stefaniuk.
一种用途是建造能够储存太阳能的公路，通过释放太阳能为沿途行驶的车辆进行无线充电。碳-水泥超级电容器的快速放电可以使车辆的蓄电池快速充电。另一种用途是作为房屋的储能基础——“墙体、地基、柱子不仅起到支撑房屋的作用，还能将能量储存在里面”，斯泰法尼乌克说道。
一种用途是建造能够储存太阳能的公路，通过释放太阳能为沿途行驶的车辆进行无线充电。碳-水泥超级电容器的快速放电可以使车辆的蓄电池快速充电。另一种用途是作为房屋的储能基础——“墙体、地基、柱子不仅起到支撑房屋的作用，还能将能量储存在里面”，斯泰法尼乌克说道。
But it is still early days. For now, the concrete supercapacitor can store a little under 300 watt-hours per cubic metre – enough to power a 10-watt LED lightbulb for 30 hours.
但现在为时尚早。目前，这种混凝土超级电容器每立方米的储能略低于300瓦时，足以为一只10瓦的LED灯泡供电30小时。
但现在为时尚早。目前，这种混凝土超级电容器每立方米的储能略低于300瓦时，足以为一只10瓦的LED灯泡供电30小时。
The power output "may seem low compared to conventional batteries, [but] a foundation with 30-40 cubic metres (1,060-1,410 cubic feet) of concrete could be sufficient to meet the daily energy needs of a residential house", says Stefaniuk. "Given the widespread use of concrete globally, this material has the potential to be highly competitive and useful in energy storage."
它的输出功率“可能低于传统蓄电池，但30-40 立方米（1060-1410 立方英尺）的混凝土地基足以满足一户住宅的日常能源需求”，斯泰法尼乌克说道。“考虑到全球广泛使用混凝土，这种材料在储能方面可能具有很高的竞争力和实用价值”。
它的输出功率“可能低于传统蓄电池，但30-40 立方米（1060-1410 立方英尺）的混凝土地基足以满足一户住宅的日常能源需求”，斯泰法尼乌克说道。“考虑到全球广泛使用混凝土，这种材料在储能方面可能具有很高的竞争力和实用价值”。
Stefaniuk and his colleagues at MIT initially proved the concept by creating cent-sized 1V supercapacitors from the material before connecting together in series to power a 3V LED. They have since scaled this up to produce a 12V supercapacitor. Stefaniuk has also been able to use larger versions of the supercapacitor to power a handheld games console.
斯泰法尼乌克和他在麻省理工学院的同事初步证明了这一概念，他们利用这种材料制造了多个美分硬币大小的1V超级电容器，将它们串联起来为一只3V LED灯泡供电。他们随后提升了性能，制造出12V的超级电容器。斯泰法尼乌克还能够利用更大的超级电容器为掌上游戏机供电。
斯泰法尼乌克和他在麻省理工学院的同事初步证明了这一概念，他们利用这种材料制造了多个美分硬币大小的1V超级电容器，将它们串联起来为一只3V LED灯泡供电。他们随后提升了性能，制造出12V的超级电容器。斯泰法尼乌克还能够利用更大的超级电容器为掌上游戏机供电。
And the research team are now planning to build larger versions, including one up to 45 cubic metres (1,590 cubic feet) in size that would be able store around 10kWh of energy needed to power to power a house for a day.
目前，研究团队正打算制造更大的超级电容器，包括一个体积达45立方米（约 1590立方英尺）的电容器，能够储存大约10千瓦时的能源，足以为一座房屋供电一天。
目前，研究团队正打算制造更大的超级电容器，包括一个体积达45立方米（约 1590立方英尺）的电容器，能够储存大约10千瓦时的能源，足以为一座房屋供电一天。
The supercapacitor works due to an unusual property of carbon black – it is highly conductive. This means that when carbon black is combined with cement powder and water, it makes for a kind of concrete that is full of networks of conductive material, taking a form that resembles ever-branching, tiny roots.
超级电容器的工作原理是基于碳黑的一个独特特性：高导电性。这意味着当碳黑、水泥粉、水混合时会形成一种混凝土，里面布满了由导电材料构成的网络，其形态类似于不断分叉的微小根系。
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超级电容器的工作原理是基于碳黑的一个独特特性：高导电性。这意味着当碳黑、水泥粉、水混合时会形成一种混凝土，里面布满了由导电材料构成的网络，其形态类似于不断分叉的微小根系。
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Capacitors are formed of two conductive plates with a membrane in between them. In this case, both plates are made of the carbon black cement, which were soaked in an electrolyte salt called potassium chloride.
电容器由两块导电板组成，中间有一层薄膜。超级电容器的两块导电板由碳黑水泥制成，并浸泡在一种名为氯化钾的电解质盐中。
电容器由两块导电板组成，中间有一层薄膜。超级电容器的两块导电板由碳黑水泥制成，并浸泡在一种名为氯化钾的电解质盐中。
When an electric current was applied to the salt-soaked plates, the positively-charged plates accumulated negatively charged ions from the potassium chloride. And because the membrane prevented charged ions from being exchanged between the plates, the separation of charges created an electric field.
当电解质盐中的导电板被施加电流时，氯化钾中的负离子会聚集到正极电板上，由于薄膜阻止了带电离子在电板之间交换，电荷的分离产生了电场。
当电解质盐中的导电板被施加电流时，氯化钾中的负离子会聚集到正极电板上，由于薄膜阻止了带电离子在电板之间交换，电荷的分离产生了电场。
As supercapacitors can accumulate large amounts of charge very quickly, it could make the devices useful for storing excess energy produced by intermittent renewable sources such as the wind and solar. This would take the pressure off the grid at times when the wind is not blowing, nor the Sun shining. As Stefaniuk says, "A simple example would be an off-grid house powered by solar panels: using solar energy directly during the day and the energy stored in, for example, the foundations during the night."
由于超级电容器能够快速地积累大量电荷，因此可用于储存风能和太阳能等间歇性可再生能源产生的过剩能量，从而在没有风或阳光的时候缓解电网的压力。正如斯泰法尼乌所言，“举一个简单的例子，由太阳能电池板供电的离网房屋：白天直接使用太阳能，晚上使用储存在地基中的能源”。
由于超级电容器能够快速地积累大量电荷，因此可用于储存风能和太阳能等间歇性可再生能源产生的过剩能量，从而在没有风或阳光的时候缓解电网的压力。正如斯泰法尼乌所言，“举一个简单的例子，由太阳能电池板供电的离网房屋：白天直接使用太阳能，晚上使用储存在地基中的能源”。
Supercapacitors are not perfect. Existing iterations discharge power quickly, and are not ideal for steady output, which would be needed to power a house throughout the day. Stefaniuk says he and his colleagues are working on a solution that would allow their carbon-cement version to be tuned by adjusting the mixture, but they will not disclose the details until they have finalised the tests and published a paper.
超级电容器并不完美。现有设计的放电速度很快，不适合房屋全天供电所需要的稳定输出。斯蒂芬尼乌克表示，他和同事们正在研究一种解决方案，通过调整混合物的配比来优化碳-水泥超级电容器，但他们在完成测试和发表论文之前不会透露细节。
超级电容器并不完美。现有设计的放电速度很快，不适合房屋全天供电所需要的稳定输出。斯蒂芬尼乌克表示，他和同事们正在研究一种解决方案，通过调整混合物的配比来优化碳-水泥超级电容器，但他们在完成测试和发表论文之前不会透露细节。
There could be other issues to overcome too – adding more carbon black allows the resulting supercapacitor to store more energy, but it also makes the concrete slightly weaker too. The researchers say any uses that have a structural role to play as well as energy storage would need to find an optimum mix of carbon black.
可能还有其他问题有待于克服——增加炭黑可以使超级电容器储存更多能源，但也会使混凝土变得略微脆弱。研究人员表示，任何兼具结构支撑与储能的用途都需要找到炭黑的最佳配比。
可能还有其他问题有待于克服——增加炭黑可以使超级电容器储存更多能源，但也会使混凝土变得略微脆弱。研究人员表示，任何兼具结构支撑与储能的用途都需要找到炭黑的最佳配比。
And while carbon-cement supercapacitors could help to reduce our reliance on lithium, they come with their own environmental impact. Cement production is responsible for 5-8% of carbon dioxide emissions from human activity globally, and the carbon-cement needed for the supercapacitors would need to be freshly made rather than retrofitted in existing structures.
虽然碳-水泥超级电容器有助于我们减少对锂的依赖，但它也会对环境造成影响。水泥生产占全球人类活动二氧化碳排放量的5-8% ，超级电容器需要全新生产的碳-水泥，而不是对现有建筑的材料加以改良。
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虽然碳-水泥超级电容器有助于我们减少对锂的依赖，但它也会对环境造成影响。水泥生产占全球人类活动二氧化碳排放量的5-8% ，超级电容器需要全新生产的碳-水泥，而不是对现有建筑的材料加以改良。
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Nevertheless, it seems to be a promising innovation, says Michael Short, who leads the Centre for Sustainable Engineering at Teesside University in the UK. The research "opens many interesting potential avenues around the use of the built environment itself as an energy storage medium", he says. "As the materials are also commonplace and the manufacture relatively straightforward, this gives a great indication that this approach should be investigated further and could potentially be a very useful part of the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable future."
尽管如此，这看起来是一项有前途的创新，英国蒂赛德大学可持续工程中心的负责人迈克尔·肖特说道。这项研究“对于如何利用建成环境作为储能介质开辟了许多有趣的潜在途径”，他说道。“由于这些材料都很常见，制造起来相对简单，这充分表明这种方法值得进一步研究，并且可能在向更清洁、更可持续的未来转型中发挥重要作用”。
尽管如此，这看起来是一项有前途的创新，英国蒂赛德大学可持续工程中心的负责人迈克尔·肖特说道。这项研究“对于如何利用建成环境作为储能介质开辟了许多有趣的潜在途径”，他说道。“由于这些材料都很常见，制造起来相对简单，这充分表明这种方法值得进一步研究，并且可能在向更清洁、更可持续的未来转型中发挥重要作用”。
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@davec1034
Can we turn heat into electricity? Our current bitumen roads hold a lot of potential during the warmer months. A device fitted to convert heat into a passive electric charger as we drive.
我们能否将热能转化为电能？现有的沥青道路在热季蕴含着巨大潜力，安装在道路上的装置将热能转化为电能，为沿途行驶的车辆提供无源充电。
Can we turn heat into electricity? Our current bitumen roads hold a lot of potential during the warmer months. A device fitted to convert heat into a passive electric charger as we drive.
我们能否将热能转化为电能？现有的沥青道路在热季蕴含着巨大潜力，安装在道路上的装置将热能转化为电能，为沿途行驶的车辆提供无源充电。
@chrisfrandsen
Yep, lots of details needed. How do we get power in and out? How do we insulate the concrete to prevent bleed or accidental discharge? Is water required constantly for transmission and heat transfer, etc. But I must say it sounds interesting!
是的，缺少很多细节。我们如何接入和输出电力？如何对混凝土进行绝缘处理，以防止漏电或意外放电？在电力传输与热传递中是否需要不断供水吗？但我必须承认，这听起来很有趣！
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Yep, lots of details needed. How do we get power in and out? How do we insulate the concrete to prevent bleed or accidental discharge? Is water required constantly for transmission and heat transfer, etc. But I must say it sounds interesting!
是的，缺少很多细节。我们如何接入和输出电力？如何对混凝土进行绝缘处理，以防止漏电或意外放电？在电力传输与热传递中是否需要不断供水吗？但我必须承认，这听起来很有趣！
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@davidinkster1296
I'll need to read the paper to understand the details, but what a great idea, that we can tweak common materials to do double duty as energy storage/transfer/generation media.
我需要阅读这篇论文来了解细节，但这个创意真是太棒了，我们可以改良常用材料使其发挥双重作用，成为能量储存/转换/发电的介质。
I'll need to read the paper to understand the details, but what a great idea, that we can tweak common materials to do double duty as energy storage/transfer/generation media.
我需要阅读这篇论文来了解细节，但这个创意真是太棒了，我们可以改良常用材料使其发挥双重作用，成为能量储存/转换/发电的介质。
@jetman258
If this possible, just think of all the cement barriers along roads and over passes etc...
如果可行的话，你想想公路和立交桥上所有的水泥路障。
If this possible, just think of all the cement barriers along roads and over passes etc...
如果可行的话，你想想公路和立交桥上所有的水泥路障。
@hugokappes4077
So solar roadways combined with concrete base battery, future is getting interesting
太阳能公路与混凝土储能电池相结合，未来变得越来越有趣了。
So solar roadways combined with concrete base battery, future is getting interesting
太阳能公路与混凝土储能电池相结合，未来变得越来越有趣了。
@raycree722
Carbon/graphite energy storage devices have been talked about for years. I remember attending an engineering society lecture 20 years ago where a Rice University professor said that a box the size of a speakers lecturn would hold 4-5 days of power for a home and would get power during off peak or solar or wind. How do we get power in and out? Do you need a conductive mesh to get power in and out. Sounds expensive for your capacitor charge and discharge..
碳/石墨储能装置已经被讨论多年了。我记得20年前参加过一个工程学会的讲座，当时一名来自莱斯大学的教授说，演讲台大小的储能装置可以为一户家庭储存4-5天的电力，并在用电低谷时段或通过太阳能或风能获取电力。我们如何将电力接入和输出？是否需要导电网格来接入和输出电力？你们这种电容器的充放电听起来挺贵的。
Carbon/graphite energy storage devices have been talked about for years. I remember attending an engineering society lecture 20 years ago where a Rice University professor said that a box the size of a speakers lecturn would hold 4-5 days of power for a home and would get power during off peak or solar or wind. How do we get power in and out? Do you need a conductive mesh to get power in and out. Sounds expensive for your capacitor charge and discharge..
碳/石墨储能装置已经被讨论多年了。我记得20年前参加过一个工程学会的讲座，当时一名来自莱斯大学的教授说，演讲台大小的储能装置可以为一户家庭储存4-5天的电力，并在用电低谷时段或通过太阳能或风能获取电力。我们如何将电力接入和输出？是否需要导电网格来接入和输出电力？你们这种电容器的充放电听起来挺贵的。
@vanrozay8871
I've been wondering for years why charging stations are built out without thought that in-road wireless charging may end up the winning mode. THAT would really be a new world of travel and shipping. Coming from MIT, it's likely legit.
多年来我一直在想，为什么全面建设充电站，却没有考虑到路面无线充电最终可能成为主流，那可真是旅行和运输的全新世界。麻省理工学院的发明，应该是可信的。
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I've been wondering for years why charging stations are built out without thought that in-road wireless charging may end up the winning mode. THAT would really be a new world of travel and shipping. Coming from MIT, it's likely legit.
多年来我一直在想，为什么全面建设充电站，却没有考虑到路面无线充电最终可能成为主流，那可真是旅行和运输的全新世界。麻省理工学院的发明，应该是可信的。
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@johnb7430
Its only a battery when saturated with specific electrolyte. So it would need to be hermetically sealed. Many many drawbacks for dual use as battery and structure. Even more issues as a roadway.
它只是一种浸泡在某种电解质中的蓄电池，因此需要密封才行。兼做蓄电池和建筑材料存在许多缺点，用于修建公路问题更多。
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Its only a battery when saturated with specific electrolyte. So it would need to be hermetically sealed. Many many drawbacks for dual use as battery and structure. Even more issues as a roadway.
它只是一种浸泡在某种电解质中的蓄电池，因此需要密封才行。兼做蓄电池和建筑材料存在许多缺点，用于修建公路问题更多。
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@pipersall6761
with contactless charging highways what are the health effects of driving miles after miles over the top of a big electromagnetic field? Do we know?
关于无线充电公路，在大型电磁场上长途驾车会对健康有什么影响？我们知道吗？
with contactless charging highways what are the health effects of driving miles after miles over the top of a big electromagnetic field? Do we know?
关于无线充电公路，在大型电磁场上长途驾车会对健康有什么影响？我们知道吗？
@sagecoach
Supercapacitor properties are very different from thermal storage and a combination of the two could make a very interesting constant-temperature concrete for building interiors and bridge decks for example. Let us know how this technology works.
超级电容器的特性与蓄热器大不相同，两者结合可以变成有趣的恒温混凝土，例如用于建造建筑物的内部结构和桥面。请告诉我们这项技术的工作原理。
Supercapacitor properties are very different from thermal storage and a combination of the two could make a very interesting constant-temperature concrete for building interiors and bridge decks for example. Let us know how this technology works.
超级电容器的特性与蓄热器大不相同，两者结合可以变成有趣的恒温混凝土，例如用于建造建筑物的内部结构和桥面。请告诉我们这项技术的工作原理。
@mirvine1
I wonder if it will attract lightning?
我在想它会不会吸引雷电？
I wonder if it will attract lightning?
我在想它会不会吸引雷电？
@malcolmrickarby2313
Attract as well as store and distribute lightning.
不仅吸引，而且储存和分配雷电。
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Attract as well as store and distribute lightning.
不仅吸引，而且储存和分配雷电。
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@scientificapproach6578
Kids don’t touch the house you might get electrocuted.
小孩子不要触碰这种房子，否则可能被电死。
Kids don’t touch the house you might get electrocuted.
小孩子不要触碰这种房子，否则可能被电死。
@ratmanmurray7137
Probably not a good idea to pee on THAT wall haha
往这种墙上撒尿不是个好主意，哈哈。
Probably not a good idea to pee on THAT wall haha
往这种墙上撒尿不是个好主意，哈哈。
@ronan4681
Would be scary taking a shower
洗澡的时候好可怕。
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Would be scary taking a shower
洗澡的时候好可怕。
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@wlhgmk
The Romans, 2000 years ago already had a better concrete by all accounts. Anyway, we are going to need something else than tar to pave our roads. A by-product of the distillation of petroleum products from crude oil is the production of tar and there is going to be less and less tar available as we phase out fossil fuel.
据说罗马人在2000年前就已经有了更好的混凝土。除了沥青，我们还需要利用其他材料来铺设公路。沥青是从原油中提炼石油产品所产生的副产品，随着我们逐步淘汰化石燃料，可供使用的沥青将会越来越少。
The Romans, 2000 years ago already had a better concrete by all accounts. Anyway, we are going to need something else than tar to pave our roads. A by-product of the distillation of petroleum products from crude oil is the production of tar and there is going to be less and less tar available as we phase out fossil fuel.
据说罗马人在2000年前就已经有了更好的混凝土。除了沥青，我们还需要利用其他材料来铺设公路。沥青是从原油中提炼石油产品所产生的副产品，随着我们逐步淘汰化石燃料，可供使用的沥青将会越来越少。
@AncientEgyptArchitecture
Well...adding carbon black to the concrete will cost SOMETHING extra, the stuff isn't free...and how will the various concrete structures be interconnected to create power networks? That will require embedding some type of cabling, and then control systems will be needed...transformers...safety protocols so people and animals won't get shocked...so I would have to say, the claim of not costing extra is pure bullshit. Still, an interesting concept, and certainly LESS costly than conventional systems, one would assume.
嗯...在混凝土中添加碳黑会增加成本，这东西不是免费的，而且各种混凝土结构如何互联形成电网？这需要嵌入某种电缆、控制系统、变压器、安全协议，以防止人和动物触电。所以不得不说，所谓的不会增加成本完全是胡说八道。不过这个概念很有趣，想必肯定比常规系统的成本更低。
Well...adding carbon black to the concrete will cost SOMETHING extra, the stuff isn't free...and how will the various concrete structures be interconnected to create power networks? That will require embedding some type of cabling, and then control systems will be needed...transformers...safety protocols so people and animals won't get shocked...so I would have to say, the claim of not costing extra is pure bullshit. Still, an interesting concept, and certainly LESS costly than conventional systems, one would assume.
嗯...在混凝土中添加碳黑会增加成本，这东西不是免费的，而且各种混凝土结构如何互联形成电网？这需要嵌入某种电缆、控制系统、变压器、安全协议，以防止人和动物触电。所以不得不说，所谓的不会增加成本完全是胡说八道。不过这个概念很有趣，想必肯定比常规系统的成本更低。
@Victor_yay
Some possible problems that popped up in my head:
* How much does it complicate the cement pouring practices that are used today? (Might making cement bricks and using those in the walls be a better idea?)
* How do the anodes, cathodes, and additional add-ins affect the structural integrity of the cement?
* What happens during a critical failure of one of these batteries and is that something you'd accept happening inside your walls?
* (On a lesser note) I imagine this would make it close to impossible for WiFi signals to get through the walls.
我想到一些可能存在的问题：
* 它会使当今的水泥浇筑工艺变得多复杂？（制成水泥砖来砌墙可能更好？）
* 阳极、阴极、以及其他添加物会对水泥的结构完整性有何影响？
* 某个蓄电池发生严重故障怎么办？你能否接受墙体内出现这样的问题？
*（另外值得一提的是）我估计会使Wi-Fi信号几乎不可能穿过墙壁。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Some possible problems that popped up in my head:
* How much does it complicate the cement pouring practices that are used today? (Might making cement bricks and using those in the walls be a better idea?)
* How do the anodes, cathodes, and additional add-ins affect the structural integrity of the cement?
* What happens during a critical failure of one of these batteries and is that something you'd accept happening inside your walls?
* (On a lesser note) I imagine this would make it close to impossible for WiFi signals to get through the walls.
我想到一些可能存在的问题：
* 它会使当今的水泥浇筑工艺变得多复杂？（制成水泥砖来砌墙可能更好？）
* 阳极、阴极、以及其他添加物会对水泥的结构完整性有何影响？
* 某个蓄电池发生严重故障怎么办？你能否接受墙体内出现这样的问题？
*（另外值得一提的是）我估计会使Wi-Fi信号几乎不可能穿过墙壁。
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@joshuahector634
Plus a very important question should be: does it affect the ability to recycle concrete?
还有一个非常重要的问题：它是否会影响混凝土的可回收性？
Plus a very important question should be: does it affect the ability to recycle concrete?
还有一个非常重要的问题：它是否会影响混凝土的可回收性？
@THLGargamont
And what happens if you need to core cut a hole for a duct or pipe to go through one of these concrete walls?
如果你需要打孔让管道穿过这种混凝土墙，该怎么办？
And what happens if you need to core cut a hole for a duct or pipe to go through one of these concrete walls?
如果你需要打孔让管道穿过这种混凝土墙，该怎么办？
@andrewpaulhart
And the very fact that there are questions such as these tells me that there is no way this technology is being adopted any time soon. Why would construction companies take on this risk with little or no benefit to themselves. The problem of storage for renewables is a problem for utilities not construction firms. Possibly utilities could sponsor the technology, but why would they do that when there are solutions available that are 100% under their control?
诸如此类问题让我意识到，这项技术不可能很快得到应用。建筑企业在无利可图的情况下怎么会冒险呢？储存可再生能源是公共事业机构的问题，而不是建筑企业的问题。公共事业机构也许会赞助这项技术，但在现有的解决方案完全由他们说了算的情况下，怎么可能会去做呢？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
And the very fact that there are questions such as these tells me that there is no way this technology is being adopted any time soon. Why would construction companies take on this risk with little or no benefit to themselves. The problem of storage for renewables is a problem for utilities not construction firms. Possibly utilities could sponsor the technology, but why would they do that when there are solutions available that are 100% under their control?
诸如此类问题让我意识到，这项技术不可能很快得到应用。建筑企业在无利可图的情况下怎么会冒险呢？储存可再生能源是公共事业机构的问题，而不是建筑企业的问题。公共事业机构也许会赞助这项技术，但在现有的解决方案完全由他们说了算的情况下，怎么可能会去做呢？
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@WynterLegend
Let's not forget how do you maintain one of these concrete-batteries? Do you go at the wall with a drilljack and diamond saw and hope you got the right one?
我们不要忘了如何维护这种混凝土蓄电池？难道使用钻机和金刚石锯打开墙体，希望找到那个蓄电池？
Let's not forget how do you maintain one of these concrete-batteries? Do you go at the wall with a drilljack and diamond saw and hope you got the right one?
我们不要忘了如何维护这种混凝土蓄电池？难道使用钻机和金刚石锯打开墙体，希望找到那个蓄电池？
@kawaiidouchebag4176
This will likely also interfere with electronic signals of cabled run through the walls without a large amount of expensive insulation. Also the idea that someone tries to hang a painting and gets electrocuted probably isn’t the best in terms of PR
如果没有大量昂贵的绝缘材料，它们可能还会干扰墙体电缆的电子信号。此外，如果有人因悬挂一幅画而被电击，这可不是最好的公关策略。
This will likely also interfere with electronic signals of cabled run through the walls without a large amount of expensive insulation. Also the idea that someone tries to hang a painting and gets electrocuted probably isn’t the best in terms of PR
如果没有大量昂贵的绝缘材料，它们可能还会干扰墙体电缆的电子信号。此外，如果有人因悬挂一幅画而被电击，这可不是最好的公关策略。
@JohnnyWednesday
This technology would be best suited to large repeated concrete forms - railways, monorails, roads, tall buildings etc - you'd presumably have many isolated 'batteries' in parallel with the necessary protections from electrical shorts. Although as people have pointed out? bricks would be better suited for this style of battery - there are likely clever ways of connecting all the battery-bricks as part of the laying process.
这项技术最适合重复使用的大型混凝土模板——铁路、单轨铁路、公路、高层建筑等——你可能需要许多独立的“电池”和必要的电路短路保护。虽然人们指出砖块更适合这种电池——但在铺设过程中可能有巧妙的方法将所有的电池砖块连接起来。
This technology would be best suited to large repeated concrete forms - railways, monorails, roads, tall buildings etc - you'd presumably have many isolated 'batteries' in parallel with the necessary protections from electrical shorts. Although as people have pointed out? bricks would be better suited for this style of battery - there are likely clever ways of connecting all the battery-bricks as part of the laying process.
这项技术最适合重复使用的大型混凝土模板——铁路、单轨铁路、公路、高层建筑等——你可能需要许多独立的“电池”和必要的电路短路保护。虽然人们指出砖块更适合这种电池——但在铺设过程中可能有巧妙的方法将所有的电池砖块连接起来。
@johndoh5182
I think from a builder perspective this is a nightmare. I'd rather have a space to put a redux flow battery personally, which are environmentally friendly and you don't have to worry about what's happening in your wall and I think there's one part other than a failing pump that has to get replaced after many thousands of charge cycles.
从建筑商的角度来看，我认为这是一场噩梦。我个人宁愿留出空间来安装氧化还原液流电池，不仅环保，而且不必担心墙体内出现问题，在电池经过数千次充电周期后，只需更换出故障的循环泵就行了。
I think from a builder perspective this is a nightmare. I'd rather have a space to put a redux flow battery personally, which are environmentally friendly and you don't have to worry about what's happening in your wall and I think there's one part other than a failing pump that has to get replaced after many thousands of charge cycles.
从建筑商的角度来看，我认为这是一场噩梦。我个人宁愿留出空间来安装氧化还原液流电池，不仅环保，而且不必担心墙体内出现问题，在电池经过数千次充电周期后，只需更换出故障的循环泵就行了。
@hypervious8878
"I know what you're thinking: will my house electrocute me?" - Actually, I was wondering whether the conduction of electrolytes in the cement could pose a risk to the structural integrity. Could the addition of new metals in new structures change concretes susceptibility to 'concrete cancer'?
“我知道你在想什么：我的房子会电死我吗？”我实际上怀疑电解质在水泥中导电会不会对结构完整性构成风险。在新结构中添加新金属会不会改变混凝土对“混凝土癌症”的易感性？
"I know what you're thinking: will my house electrocute me?" - Actually, I was wondering whether the conduction of electrolytes in the cement could pose a risk to the structural integrity. Could the addition of new metals in new structures change concretes susceptibility to 'concrete cancer'?
“我知道你在想什么：我的房子会电死我吗？”我实际上怀疑电解质在水泥中导电会不会对结构完整性构成风险。在新结构中添加新金属会不会改变混凝土对“混凝土癌症”的易感性？
@Xero1of1
One of the reasons why modern concrete bridges need to be replaced every 30-40 years is because of a redox reaction. The iron/steel rebar within the concrete starts to rust which expands in volume as it does so. This expansion, especially when combined with colder temperature or wetter climates causes the concrete to crack which allows more moisture in which then increases the redox reaction even more.
现代混凝土桥梁每隔30-40年需要被更换，原因之一是氧化还原反应。混凝土内的钢筋开始生锈，体积随之膨胀。特别是在低温或潮湿的环境下，体积膨胀会导致混凝土开裂，进入更多的潮气，进一步加剧氧化还原反应。
One of the reasons why modern concrete bridges need to be replaced every 30-40 years is because of a redox reaction. The iron/steel rebar within the concrete starts to rust which expands in volume as it does so. This expansion, especially when combined with colder temperature or wetter climates causes the concrete to crack which allows more moisture in which then increases the redox reaction even more.
现代混凝土桥梁每隔30-40年需要被更换，原因之一是氧化还原反应。混凝土内的钢筋开始生锈，体积随之膨胀。特别是在低温或潮湿的环境下，体积膨胀会导致混凝土开裂，进入更多的潮气，进一步加剧氧化还原反应。
The fact that this cement is based upon a redox reaction worries me. How long with the concrete last? Even if the concrete lasts, how long will it remain operational as a battery? I think this requires a massive amount of study and further development before it can be considered a viable alternative. Concrete itself, without the rebar, can last a thousand years or more if you get the right mix and don't add anything that can rust. The Colosseum in Rome is a prime example of this.
这种水泥是基于氧化还原反应，这令我感到担忧。混凝土能使用多久？即使混凝土能支撑下去，它作为电池能使用多久？我认为这需要大量的研究和进一步发展，才能成为可行的替代方案。只要材料配比得当，不添加任何会生锈的东西，那么无钢筋混凝土可以使用一千年以上，罗马斗兽场就是典型的例子。
这种水泥是基于氧化还原反应，这令我感到担忧。混凝土能使用多久？即使混凝土能支撑下去，它作为电池能使用多久？我认为这需要大量的研究和进一步发展，才能成为可行的替代方案。只要材料配比得当，不添加任何会生锈的东西，那么无钢筋混凝土可以使用一千年以上，罗马斗兽场就是典型的例子。
What would be very useful is if we can find a building method that uses different materials that when combined, can create an energy storage system. The more pure these materials (granite for example) then the longer it will last. Granite can last tens of thousands of years, and as a building material, can be extraordinarily strong.
如果我们研究出一种施工方法，利用多种材料混合制成一种储能系统，那将会非常有用。这些材料越纯净（例如花岗岩），使用寿命就越长。花岗岩的使用寿命长达数万年，将其作为建筑材料会非常坚固。
如果我们研究出一种施工方法，利用多种材料混合制成一种储能系统，那将会非常有用。这些材料越纯净（例如花岗岩），使用寿命就越长。花岗岩的使用寿命长达数万年，将其作为建筑材料会非常坚固。
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