近50年来，英国的死亡人数首次超过出生人数
正文翻译
Deaths outstrip births in UK for first time in nearly 50 years
-Excluding the Covid pandemic, ONS figures show 16,300 fewer births than deaths, not seen since 1970s ‘baby bust’
近50年来，英国的死亡人数首次超过出生人数
——排除新冠肺炎疫情，英国国家统计局的数据显示，出生人数比死亡人数少1.63万人，这是自上世纪70年代“婴儿潮”以来的最高水平。
(The total fertility rate in England and Wales fell to 1.49 children per woman in 2022, from 1.55 in 2021.)
（英格兰和威尔士的总生育率从2021年的每名妇女1.55个孩子降至2022年的1.49个孩子。）
新闻：
Deaths have outstripped births in the UK for the first time in nearly half a century, excluding the start of the pandemic, official figures showed on Tuesday.
周二公布的官方数据显示，除去新冠肺炎疫情初期，英国近半个世纪以来死亡人数首次超过出生人数。
Declining fertility and the demise of baby boomers mean there are now more funerals than baby celebrations, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics.
英国国家统计局的数据显示，生育率下降和婴儿潮一代的死亡意味着，现在英国葬礼的数量超过了庆祝婴儿出生的活动。
There were an estimated 16,300 fewer births than deaths in the UK in the year to mid-2023, the first time this has happened since the 1970s’ “baby bust”, if excess deaths during Covid are stripped out.
据估计，在截至2023年中期的一年里，英国的出生人数比死亡人数少1.63万人，如果不考虑新冠肺炎期间的超额死亡人数，这是自上世纪70年代“婴儿潮”以来首次出现这种情况。
But the figures continue to show a growing population, up 1% in the year to 68,265,209 people, due to net international migration of 677,300.
但数据继续显示，由于国际净移民677300人，人口增长了1%，达到68265209人。
The dominance of deaths over births was described by economists as “a stark reminder of Britain’s demographic challenges”.
经济学家将死亡人数超过出生人数的现象描述为“对英国面临的人口挑战的鲜明提醒”。
With student- and migrant-friendly cities ageing more slowly or even getting younger, and rural villages ageing faster, policymakers will face divergent demands to provide more social care in some areas and more school places in others, said Charlie McCurdy, an economist at the Resolution Foundation thinktank.
决议基金会智库的经济学家查理·麦科迪表示，随着对学生和移民友好的城市老龄化速度放缓甚至年轻化，而农村地区老龄化速度加快，政策制定者将面临不同的需求，在一些地区提供更多的社会关怀，在另一些地区提供更多的学校名额。
The total fertility rate across England and Wales fell to 1.49 children per woman in 2022, from 1.55 in 2021, according to the ONS. The “replacement rate” to maintain a population needs to be at least 2.1 children per woman, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) says.
根据英国国家统计局的数据，到2022年，英格兰和威尔士的总生育率从2021年的每名妇女1.55个孩子降至1.49个。经济合作与发展组织表示，维持人口的“替代率”需要每个妇女至少生育2.1个孩子。
However, demographers said births could again trump deaths in the near future, as the UK appears to be going through a transition whereby people will routinely have babies later, facilitated by advances in medical technology.
然而，人口统计学家表示，在不久的将来，出生率可能会再次超过死亡率，因为英国似乎正在经历一场过渡——在医疗技术进步的推动下，人们通常会推迟生育。
“Younger generations are postponing their childbearing, and so while fertility rates might be declining, there’s a chance that this could rebound,” said Dr Andrea Tilstra, a research fellow at Oxford University’s Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science.
牛津大学利华休姆人口科学中心的研究员安德里亚·蒂尔斯特拉博士说：“年轻一代正在推迟生育，所以尽管生育率可能在下降，但也有可能反弹。”
“That could happen as these cohorts enter into their 30s, maybe even early 40s, and the ability to have children later in one’s life becomes the norm, supported by technology like IVF.”
“这可能发生在这些人群进入30多岁，甚至40出头的时候，在试管婴儿等技术的支持下，晚育成为一种常态。”
Deaths outnumbering births was driven by Scotland, where the deficit was the largest on record and it was the ninth year in a row that more people died than were born. The overall population of Scotland grew, although only by 43,100 people, and this was down to immigration, figures from the National Records of Scotland showed.
死亡人数超过出生人数是由苏格兰的数据造成的，苏格兰的人口赤字是有记录以来最大的，这是连续第九年死亡人数超过出生人数。苏格兰国家记录的数据显示，苏格兰总人口有所增长，尽管仅增长了4.31万人，而且这是移民造成的。
Wales also recorded more deaths than births, while England and Northern Ireland recorded slightly more births than deaths, the mid-2023 population figures showed.
2023年中期的人口数据显示，威尔士的死亡人数也高于出生人数，而英格兰和北爱尔兰的出生人数略高于死亡人数。
The baby deficit comes after several years of mothers leaving it later to have children, one of the common reasons given being financial pressures, including housing costs. Women born in the 1940s gave birth on average to almost two children before turning 30. That fell steadily to one child for women born in the mid-1970s, and plateaued before starting to fall again in recent years. Women born in 1993 – who turned 30 last year – had 0.8 children, on average.
多年来，母亲们为了生育孩子而推迟了工作，其中一个常见的原因是经济压力，包括住房成本。上世纪40年代出生的女性在30岁之前平均生育了近两个孩子。20世纪70年代中期出生的女性，这一数字稳步下降至一个孩子，并在近年来再次开始下降之前趋于平稳。1993年出生的女性（去年满30岁）平均生育0.8个孩子。
At the other end of life, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease have been the most common causes of death in England and Wales since 2015, when they overtook heart disease (apart from two years at the start of the Covid pandemic).
在生命的另一端，自2015年以来，痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病一直是英格兰和威尔士最常见的死亡原因，当时它们超过了心脏病（除了新冠疫情开始时的两年）。
-Excluding the Covid pandemic, ONS figures show 16,300 fewer births than deaths, not seen since 1970s ‘baby bust’
近50年来，英国的死亡人数首次超过出生人数
——排除新冠肺炎疫情，英国国家统计局的数据显示，出生人数比死亡人数少1.63万人，这是自上世纪70年代“婴儿潮”以来的最高水平。
(The total fertility rate in England and Wales fell to 1.49 children per woman in 2022, from 1.55 in 2021.)
（英格兰和威尔士的总生育率从2021年的每名妇女1.55个孩子降至2022年的1.49个孩子。）
新闻：
Deaths have outstripped births in the UK for the first time in nearly half a century, excluding the start of the pandemic, official figures showed on Tuesday.
周二公布的官方数据显示，除去新冠肺炎疫情初期，英国近半个世纪以来死亡人数首次超过出生人数。
Declining fertility and the demise of baby boomers mean there are now more funerals than baby celebrations, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics.
英国国家统计局的数据显示，生育率下降和婴儿潮一代的死亡意味着，现在英国葬礼的数量超过了庆祝婴儿出生的活动。
There were an estimated 16,300 fewer births than deaths in the UK in the year to mid-2023, the first time this has happened since the 1970s’ “baby bust”, if excess deaths during Covid are stripped out.
据估计，在截至2023年中期的一年里，英国的出生人数比死亡人数少1.63万人，如果不考虑新冠肺炎期间的超额死亡人数，这是自上世纪70年代“婴儿潮”以来首次出现这种情况。
But the figures continue to show a growing population, up 1% in the year to 68,265,209 people, due to net international migration of 677,300.
但数据继续显示，由于国际净移民677300人，人口增长了1%，达到68265209人。
The dominance of deaths over births was described by economists as “a stark reminder of Britain’s demographic challenges”.
经济学家将死亡人数超过出生人数的现象描述为“对英国面临的人口挑战的鲜明提醒”。
With student- and migrant-friendly cities ageing more slowly or even getting younger, and rural villages ageing faster, policymakers will face divergent demands to provide more social care in some areas and more school places in others, said Charlie McCurdy, an economist at the Resolution Foundation thinktank.
决议基金会智库的经济学家查理·麦科迪表示，随着对学生和移民友好的城市老龄化速度放缓甚至年轻化，而农村地区老龄化速度加快，政策制定者将面临不同的需求，在一些地区提供更多的社会关怀，在另一些地区提供更多的学校名额。
The total fertility rate across England and Wales fell to 1.49 children per woman in 2022, from 1.55 in 2021, according to the ONS. The “replacement rate” to maintain a population needs to be at least 2.1 children per woman, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) says.
根据英国国家统计局的数据，到2022年，英格兰和威尔士的总生育率从2021年的每名妇女1.55个孩子降至1.49个。经济合作与发展组织表示，维持人口的“替代率”需要每个妇女至少生育2.1个孩子。
However, demographers said births could again trump deaths in the near future, as the UK appears to be going through a transition whereby people will routinely have babies later, facilitated by advances in medical technology.
然而，人口统计学家表示，在不久的将来，出生率可能会再次超过死亡率，因为英国似乎正在经历一场过渡——在医疗技术进步的推动下，人们通常会推迟生育。
“Younger generations are postponing their childbearing, and so while fertility rates might be declining, there’s a chance that this could rebound,” said Dr Andrea Tilstra, a research fellow at Oxford University’s Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science.
牛津大学利华休姆人口科学中心的研究员安德里亚·蒂尔斯特拉博士说：“年轻一代正在推迟生育，所以尽管生育率可能在下降，但也有可能反弹。”
“That could happen as these cohorts enter into their 30s, maybe even early 40s, and the ability to have children later in one’s life becomes the norm, supported by technology like IVF.”
“这可能发生在这些人群进入30多岁，甚至40出头的时候，在试管婴儿等技术的支持下，晚育成为一种常态。”
Deaths outnumbering births was driven by Scotland, where the deficit was the largest on record and it was the ninth year in a row that more people died than were born. The overall population of Scotland grew, although only by 43,100 people, and this was down to immigration, figures from the National Records of Scotland showed.
死亡人数超过出生人数是由苏格兰的数据造成的，苏格兰的人口赤字是有记录以来最大的，这是连续第九年死亡人数超过出生人数。苏格兰国家记录的数据显示，苏格兰总人口有所增长，尽管仅增长了4.31万人，而且这是移民造成的。
Wales also recorded more deaths than births, while England and Northern Ireland recorded slightly more births than deaths, the mid-2023 population figures showed.
2023年中期的人口数据显示，威尔士的死亡人数也高于出生人数，而英格兰和北爱尔兰的出生人数略高于死亡人数。
The baby deficit comes after several years of mothers leaving it later to have children, one of the common reasons given being financial pressures, including housing costs. Women born in the 1940s gave birth on average to almost two children before turning 30. That fell steadily to one child for women born in the mid-1970s, and plateaued before starting to fall again in recent years. Women born in 1993 – who turned 30 last year – had 0.8 children, on average.
多年来，母亲们为了生育孩子而推迟了工作，其中一个常见的原因是经济压力，包括住房成本。上世纪40年代出生的女性在30岁之前平均生育了近两个孩子。20世纪70年代中期出生的女性，这一数字稳步下降至一个孩子，并在近年来再次开始下降之前趋于平稳。1993年出生的女性（去年满30岁）平均生育0.8个孩子。
At the other end of life, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease have been the most common causes of death in England and Wales since 2015, when they overtook heart disease (apart from two years at the start of the Covid pandemic).
在生命的另一端，自2015年以来，痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病一直是英格兰和威尔士最常见的死亡原因，当时它们超过了心脏病（除了新冠疫情开始时的两年）。
评论翻译
Deaths outstrip births in UK for first time in nearly 50 years
-Excluding the Covid pandemic, ONS figures show 16,300 fewer births than deaths, not seen since 1970s ‘baby bust’
近50年来，英国的死亡人数首次超过出生人数
——排除新冠肺炎疫情，英国国家统计局的数据显示，出生人数比死亡人数少1.63万人，这是自上世纪70年代“婴儿潮”以来的最高水平。
(The total fertility rate in England and Wales fell to 1.49 children per woman in 2022, from 1.55 in 2021.)
（英格兰和威尔士的总生育率从2021年的每名妇女1.55个孩子降至2022年的1.49个孩子。）
新闻：
Deaths have outstripped births in the UK for the first time in nearly half a century, excluding the start of the pandemic, official figures showed on Tuesday.
周二公布的官方数据显示，除去新冠肺炎疫情初期，英国近半个世纪以来死亡人数首次超过出生人数。
Declining fertility and the demise of baby boomers mean there are now more funerals than baby celebrations, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics.
英国国家统计局的数据显示，生育率下降和婴儿潮一代的死亡意味着，现在英国葬礼的数量超过了庆祝婴儿出生的活动。
There were an estimated 16,300 fewer births than deaths in the UK in the year to mid-2023, the first time this has happened since the 1970s’ “baby bust”, if excess deaths during Covid are stripped out.
据估计，在截至2023年中期的一年里，英国的出生人数比死亡人数少1.63万人，如果不考虑新冠肺炎期间的超额死亡人数，这是自上世纪70年代“婴儿潮”以来首次出现这种情况。
But the figures continue to show a growing population, up 1% in the year to 68,265,209 people, due to net international migration of 677,300.
但数据继续显示，由于国际净移民677300人，人口增长了1%，达到68265209人。
The dominance of deaths over births was described by economists as “a stark reminder of Britain’s demographic challenges”.
经济学家将死亡人数超过出生人数的现象描述为“对英国面临的人口挑战的鲜明提醒”。
With student- and migrant-friendly cities ageing more slowly or even getting younger, and rural villages ageing faster, policymakers will face divergent demands to provide more social care in some areas and more school places in others, said Charlie McCurdy, an economist at the Resolution Foundation thinktank.
决议基金会智库的经济学家查理·麦科迪表示，随着对学生和移民友好的城市老龄化速度放缓甚至年轻化，而农村地区老龄化速度加快，政策制定者将面临不同的需求，在一些地区提供更多的社会关怀，在另一些地区提供更多的学校名额。
The total fertility rate across England and Wales fell to 1.49 children per woman in 2022, from 1.55 in 2021, according to the ONS. The “replacement rate” to maintain a population needs to be at least 2.1 children per woman, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) says.
根据英国国家统计局的数据，到2022年，英格兰和威尔士的总生育率从2021年的每名妇女1.55个孩子降至1.49个。经济合作与发展组织表示，维持人口的“替代率”需要每个妇女至少生育2.1个孩子。
However, demographers said births could again trump deaths in the near future, as the UK appears to be going through a transition whereby people will routinely have babies later, facilitated by advances in medical technology.
然而，人口统计学家表示，在不久的将来，出生率可能会再次超过死亡率，因为英国似乎正在经历一场过渡——在医疗技术进步的推动下，人们通常会推迟生育。
“Younger generations are postponing their childbearing, and so while fertility rates might be declining, there’s a chance that this could rebound,” said Dr Andrea Tilstra, a research fellow at Oxford University’s Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science.
牛津大学利华休姆人口科学中心的研究员安德里亚·蒂尔斯特拉博士说：“年轻一代正在推迟生育，所以尽管生育率可能在下降，但也有可能反弹。”
“That could happen as these cohorts enter into their 30s, maybe even early 40s, and the ability to have children later in one’s life becomes the norm, supported by technology like IVF.”
“这可能发生在这些人群进入30多岁，甚至40出头的时候，在试管婴儿等技术的支持下，晚育成为一种常态。”
Deaths outnumbering births was driven by Scotland, where the deficit was the largest on record and it was the ninth year in a row that more people died than were born. The overall population of Scotland grew, although only by 43,100 people, and this was down to immigration, figures from the National Records of Scotland showed.
死亡人数超过出生人数是由苏格兰的数据造成的，苏格兰的人口赤字是有记录以来最大的，这是连续第九年死亡人数超过出生人数。苏格兰国家记录的数据显示，苏格兰总人口有所增长，尽管仅增长了4.31万人，而且这是移民造成的。
Wales also recorded more deaths than births, while England and Northern Ireland recorded slightly more births than deaths, the mid-2023 population figures showed.
2023年中期的人口数据显示，威尔士的死亡人数也高于出生人数，而英格兰和北爱尔兰的出生人数略高于死亡人数。
The baby deficit comes after several years of mothers leaving it later to have children, one of the common reasons given being financial pressures, including housing costs. Women born in the 1940s gave birth on average to almost two children before turning 30. That fell steadily to one child for women born in the mid-1970s, and plateaued before starting to fall again in recent years. Women born in 1993 – who turned 30 last year – had 0.8 children, on average.
多年来，母亲们为了生育孩子而推迟了工作，其中一个常见的原因是经济压力，包括住房成本。上世纪40年代出生的女性在30岁之前平均生育了近两个孩子。20世纪70年代中期出生的女性，这一数字稳步下降至一个孩子，并在近年来再次开始下降之前趋于平稳。1993年出生的女性（去年满30岁）平均生育0.8个孩子。
At the other end of life, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease have been the most common causes of death in England and Wales since 2015, when they overtook heart disease (apart from two years at the start of the Covid pandemic).
在生命的另一端，自2015年以来，痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病一直是英格兰和威尔士最常见的死亡原因，当时它们超过了心脏病（除了新冠疫情开始时的两年）。
-Excluding the Covid pandemic, ONS figures show 16,300 fewer births than deaths, not seen since 1970s ‘baby bust’
近50年来，英国的死亡人数首次超过出生人数
——排除新冠肺炎疫情，英国国家统计局的数据显示，出生人数比死亡人数少1.63万人，这是自上世纪70年代“婴儿潮”以来的最高水平。
(The total fertility rate in England and Wales fell to 1.49 children per woman in 2022, from 1.55 in 2021.)
（英格兰和威尔士的总生育率从2021年的每名妇女1.55个孩子降至2022年的1.49个孩子。）
新闻：
Deaths have outstripped births in the UK for the first time in nearly half a century, excluding the start of the pandemic, official figures showed on Tuesday.
周二公布的官方数据显示，除去新冠肺炎疫情初期，英国近半个世纪以来死亡人数首次超过出生人数。
Declining fertility and the demise of baby boomers mean there are now more funerals than baby celebrations, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics.
英国国家统计局的数据显示，生育率下降和婴儿潮一代的死亡意味着，现在英国葬礼的数量超过了庆祝婴儿出生的活动。
There were an estimated 16,300 fewer births than deaths in the UK in the year to mid-2023, the first time this has happened since the 1970s’ “baby bust”, if excess deaths during Covid are stripped out.
据估计，在截至2023年中期的一年里，英国的出生人数比死亡人数少1.63万人，如果不考虑新冠肺炎期间的超额死亡人数，这是自上世纪70年代“婴儿潮”以来首次出现这种情况。
But the figures continue to show a growing population, up 1% in the year to 68,265,209 people, due to net international migration of 677,300.
但数据继续显示，由于国际净移民677300人，人口增长了1%，达到68265209人。
The dominance of deaths over births was described by economists as “a stark reminder of Britain’s demographic challenges”.
经济学家将死亡人数超过出生人数的现象描述为“对英国面临的人口挑战的鲜明提醒”。
With student- and migrant-friendly cities ageing more slowly or even getting younger, and rural villages ageing faster, policymakers will face divergent demands to provide more social care in some areas and more school places in others, said Charlie McCurdy, an economist at the Resolution Foundation thinktank.
决议基金会智库的经济学家查理·麦科迪表示，随着对学生和移民友好的城市老龄化速度放缓甚至年轻化，而农村地区老龄化速度加快，政策制定者将面临不同的需求，在一些地区提供更多的社会关怀，在另一些地区提供更多的学校名额。
The total fertility rate across England and Wales fell to 1.49 children per woman in 2022, from 1.55 in 2021, according to the ONS. The “replacement rate” to maintain a population needs to be at least 2.1 children per woman, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) says.
根据英国国家统计局的数据，到2022年，英格兰和威尔士的总生育率从2021年的每名妇女1.55个孩子降至1.49个。经济合作与发展组织表示，维持人口的“替代率”需要每个妇女至少生育2.1个孩子。
However, demographers said births could again trump deaths in the near future, as the UK appears to be going through a transition whereby people will routinely have babies later, facilitated by advances in medical technology.
然而，人口统计学家表示，在不久的将来，出生率可能会再次超过死亡率，因为英国似乎正在经历一场过渡——在医疗技术进步的推动下，人们通常会推迟生育。
“Younger generations are postponing their childbearing, and so while fertility rates might be declining, there’s a chance that this could rebound,” said Dr Andrea Tilstra, a research fellow at Oxford University’s Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science.
牛津大学利华休姆人口科学中心的研究员安德里亚·蒂尔斯特拉博士说：“年轻一代正在推迟生育，所以尽管生育率可能在下降，但也有可能反弹。”
“That could happen as these cohorts enter into their 30s, maybe even early 40s, and the ability to have children later in one’s life becomes the norm, supported by technology like IVF.”
“这可能发生在这些人群进入30多岁，甚至40出头的时候，在试管婴儿等技术的支持下，晚育成为一种常态。”
Deaths outnumbering births was driven by Scotland, where the deficit was the largest on record and it was the ninth year in a row that more people died than were born. The overall population of Scotland grew, although only by 43,100 people, and this was down to immigration, figures from the National Records of Scotland showed.
死亡人数超过出生人数是由苏格兰的数据造成的，苏格兰的人口赤字是有记录以来最大的，这是连续第九年死亡人数超过出生人数。苏格兰国家记录的数据显示，苏格兰总人口有所增长，尽管仅增长了4.31万人，而且这是移民造成的。
Wales also recorded more deaths than births, while England and Northern Ireland recorded slightly more births than deaths, the mid-2023 population figures showed.
2023年中期的人口数据显示，威尔士的死亡人数也高于出生人数，而英格兰和北爱尔兰的出生人数略高于死亡人数。
The baby deficit comes after several years of mothers leaving it later to have children, one of the common reasons given being financial pressures, including housing costs. Women born in the 1940s gave birth on average to almost two children before turning 30. That fell steadily to one child for women born in the mid-1970s, and plateaued before starting to fall again in recent years. Women born in 1993 – who turned 30 last year – had 0.8 children, on average.
多年来，母亲们为了生育孩子而推迟了工作，其中一个常见的原因是经济压力，包括住房成本。上世纪40年代出生的女性在30岁之前平均生育了近两个孩子。20世纪70年代中期出生的女性，这一数字稳步下降至一个孩子，并在近年来再次开始下降之前趋于平稳。1993年出生的女性（去年满30岁）平均生育0.8个孩子。
At the other end of life, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease have been the most common causes of death in England and Wales since 2015, when they overtook heart disease (apart from two years at the start of the Covid pandemic).
在生命的另一端，自2015年以来，痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病一直是英格兰和威尔士最常见的死亡原因，当时它们超过了心脏病（除了新冠疫情开始时的两年）。
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